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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-En_bloc_clip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_bloc_clip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 En bloc clip </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_bloc_clip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Gas system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Accessories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sniper_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sniper_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Sniper models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sniper_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanker_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanker_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Tanker models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanker_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-T20E2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#T20E2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 T20E2 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-T20E2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quick_reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quick_reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Quick reference </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quick_reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demilitarized_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demilitarized_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Demilitarized versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demilitarized_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rechambered_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rechambered_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Rechambered versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rechambered_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copies_and_postwar_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copies_and_postwar_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Copies and postwar derivatives </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Copies_and_postwar_derivatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Copies and postwar derivatives subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Copies_and_postwar_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_Type_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_Type_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Japanese Type 4 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_Type_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beretta_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beretta_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Beretta models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beretta_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M14_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M14_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 M14 rifle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M14_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruger_Mini-14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruger_Mini-14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Ruger Mini-14 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruger_Mini-14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Springfield_Armory_commercial_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Springfield_Armory_commercial_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Springfield Armory commercial production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Springfield_Armory_commercial_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Civilian use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Users </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Users-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Users subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Current operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ceremonial_uses_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial_uses_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 Ceremonial uses only </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial_uses_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Former operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-state_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-state_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Non-state actors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-state_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">M1 Garand</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand-geweer" title="M1 Garand-geweer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="M1 Garand-geweer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85_1_(%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="إم 1 (بندقية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إم 1 (بندقية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C1_Garand" title="М1 Garand – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="М1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9C1" title="Τυφέκιο Μ1 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τυφέκιο Μ1" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ام۱ گرند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ام۱ گرند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_%EA%B0%9C%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C" title="M1 개런드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="M1 개런드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="M1 גאראנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="M1 גאראנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="M1ガーランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="M1ガーランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garand-rifle" title="Garand-rifle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Garand-rifle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin_M1_Garand" title="Karabin M1 Garand – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karabin M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C1_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="М1 Гаранд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="М1 Гаранд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A11_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="เอ็ม1 กาแรนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็ม1 กาแรนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="M1 Garand" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Garand" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Garand_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Garand (disambiguation)">Garand (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"> U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1 </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_Garand_rifle_USA_noBG_new.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/M1_Garand_rifle_USA_noBG_new.png/300px-M1_Garand_rifle_USA_noBG_new.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/M1_Garand_rifle_USA_noBG_new.png/450px-M1_Garand_rifle_USA_noBG_new.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/M1_Garand_rifle_USA_noBG_new.png/600px-M1_Garand_rifle_USA_noBG_new.png 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="1100" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">M1 Garand rifle from the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army_Museum" title="Swedish Army Museum">Swedish Army Museum</a>, Stockholm</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">Semi-automatic rifle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1936–1957 (as the standard U.S. service rifle)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li>1940s–present (other countries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="#Users">Users</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukbalahap Rebellion">Hukbalahap Rebellion</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani Wars">Indo-Pakistani Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a><a href="#cite_note-Algeria-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a><a href="#cite_note-mcnab2002-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a><a href="#cite_note-Arabs-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">Football War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a><a href="#cite_note-Arabs2-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandinista Revolution">Sandinista Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan" title="War in Afghanistan">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a><a href="#cite_note-mult-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Garand" title="John Garand">John C. Garand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1928</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Repeating_Arms_Company" title="Winchester Repeating Arms Company">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_%26_R_Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="H & R Firearms">Harrington & Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a></li> <li>Breda<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li>F.M.A.P.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory,_Inc." title="Springfield Armory, Inc.">Springfield Armory, Inc.</a> (civilian)</li> <li>McCann Industries (civilian)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Unit cost</th><td class="infobox-data">About $85 (during World War II) (equivalent to $1,500 in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1934–1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">5,468,772<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="#Variants">Variants</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">9.5 lb (4.31 kg) to 11.6 lb (5.3 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">43.5 in (1,100 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> length</th><td class="infobox-data">24 in (609.6 mm)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">Gas-operated</a>, <a href="/wiki/Closed_bolt" title="Closed bolt">closed</a> <a href="/wiki/Rotating_bolt" title="Rotating bolt">rotating bolt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40–50 rounds/min</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,800 ft/s (853 m/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Effective firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">500 yd (457 m)<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Feed system</th><td class="infobox-data">8-round <a href="/wiki/Clip_(ammunition)#En_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Clip (ammunition)">en bloc clip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internal_box_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal box magazine">internal box magazine</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Sights</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Rear: adjustable aperture</li> <li>Front: wing protected post</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> The M1 Garand or M1 rifle<a href="#cite_note-14">[nb 1]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">semi-automatic rifle</a> that was the <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service rifle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The rifle is chambered for the <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a> cartridge and is named after its <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Americans" title="Canadian Americans">Canadian-American</a> designer, <a href="/wiki/John_Garand" title="John Garand">John Garand</a>. It was the first standard-issue <a href="/wiki/Autoloading_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoloading rifle">autoloading rifle</a> for the United States.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> By most accounts, the M1 rifle performed well. General <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a> called it "the greatest battle implement ever devised".<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pendergast_2000_102-17">[16]</a> The M1 replaced the <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a> <a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield">M1903 Springfield</a> as the U.S. service rifle in 1936,<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> and was itself replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Selective_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective fire">selective-fire</a> <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a> on 26 March 1958.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> Sources differ on the pronunciation of the M1 Garand. Some, such as General <a href="/wiki/Julian_Hatcher" title="Julian Hatcher">Julian Hatcher's</a> The Book of the Garand (1948), give <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɡærənd/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">GARR-ənd</a>, identical to the pronunciation of John Garand's surname.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> However, a 1952 issue of Armed Forces Talk, a periodical published by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a>, gives the pronunciation as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɡəˈrænd/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">gə-RAND</a>, saying "popular usage has placed the accent on the second syllable, so that the rifle has become the 'guh-RAND'".<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</a> magazine, while acknowledging <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɡəˈrænd/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">gə-RAND</a> as the pronunciation favored by U.S. servicemen, deemed either pronunciation valid.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg/220px-M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg/330px-M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg/440px-M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>M1 Garand with en bloc clips</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Museum_of_Hawaii_-_IMG_2436.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US_Army_Museum_of_Hawaii_-_IMG_2436.JPG/170px-US_Army_Museum_of_Hawaii_-_IMG_2436.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US_Army_Museum_of_Hawaii_-_IMG_2436.JPG/255px-US_Army_Museum_of_Hawaii_-_IMG_2436.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US_Army_Museum_of_Hawaii_-_IMG_2436.JPG/340px-US_Army_Museum_of_Hawaii_-_IMG_2436.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>M1 Garand displayed with en bloc clip at U.S. Army Museum of Hawaii</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a>-born Garand<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> went to work at the United States Army's <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a> and began working on a .30 caliber <a href="/wiki/Blowback_(arms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blowback (arms)">primer actuated blowback</a> <a href="/wiki/Garand_Model_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Garand Model 1919">Model 1919</a> prototype. In 1924, twenty-four rifles, identified as "M1922s", were built at Springfield. At <a href="/wiki/Fort_Benning" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Benning">Fort Benning</a> during 1925, they were tested against models by <a href="/wiki/Berthier_rifle" title="Berthier rifle">Berthier</a>, Hatcher-Bang, <a href="/wiki/Thompson_Autorifle" title="Thompson Autorifle">Thompson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pedersen_rifle" title="Pedersen rifle">Pedersen</a>, the latter two being <a href="/wiki/Blowback_(arms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blowback (arms)">delayed blowback</a> types.<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> This led to a further trial of an improved "M1924" Garand against the Thompson, ultimately producing an inconclusive report.<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Board">Ordnance Board</a> ordered a .30-06 Garand variant. In March 1927, the cavalry board reported trials among the Thompson, Garand, and '03 Springfield had not led to a clear winner. This led to a gas-operated .276 (7 mm) model (patented by Garand on 12 April 1930).<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> In early 1928, both the <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> boards ran trials with the <a href="/wiki/Pedersen_rifle" title="Pedersen rifle">.276 Pedersen T1</a> rifle, calling it "highly promising"<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> (despite its use of <a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">waxed</a> ammunition,<a href="#cite_note-FitzV19-25">[24]</a> shared by the Thompson).<a href="#cite_note-Hatcher-26">[25]</a> On 13 August 1928, a semiautomatic rifle board (SRB) carried out joint Army, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> trials among the .30 Thompson, both cavalry and infantry versions of the T1 Pedersen, "M1924" Garand, and <a href="/wiki/M1922_Bang_rifle" title="M1922 Bang rifle">.256 Bang</a>, and on 21 September, the board reported no clear winner. The .30 Garand, however, was dropped in favor of the .276.<a href="#cite_note-Walter143-27">[26]</a> Further tests by the SRB in July 1929, which included rifle designs by Colt–Browning, Garand, <a href="/wiki/Holek" class="mw-redirect" title="Holek">Holek</a>, Pedersen, <a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a>, Thompson, and an incomplete one by White,<a href="#cite_note-28">[nb 2]</a> led to a recommendation that work on the (dropped) .30 gas-operated Garand be resumed, and a T1E1 was ordered 14 November 1929. Twenty gas-operated .276 T3E2 Garands were made and competed with T1 Pedersen rifles in early 1931. The .276 Garand was the clear winner of these trials. The .30 caliber Garand was also tested, in the form of a single T1E1, but was withdrawn with a cracked bolt on 9 October 1931. A 4 January 1932 meeting recommended adoption of the .276 caliber and production of approximately 125 T3E2s. Meanwhile, Garand redesigned his bolt and his improved T1E2 rifle was retested. The day after the successful conclusion of this test, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Army Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">General Douglas MacArthur</a> personally disapproved any caliber change, in part because there were extensive existing stocks of .30 M1 ball ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-FitzV10-29">[27]</a> On 25 February 1932, Adjutant General John B. Shuman, speaking for the Secretary of War, ordered work on the rifles and ammunition in .276 caliber cease immediately and completely, and all resources be directed toward identification and correction of deficiencies in the Garand .30 caliber.<a href="#cite_note-Hatcher-26">[25]</a>: 111  On 3 August 1933, the T1E2 became the "semi-automatic rifle, caliber 30, M1".<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> In May 1934, 75 M1s went to field trials; 50 went to infantry, 25 to cavalry units.<a href="#cite_note-Hatcher-26">[25]</a>: 113  Numerous problems were reported, forcing the rifle to be modified, yet again, before it could be recommended for service and cleared for procurement on 7 November 1935, then standardized 9 January 1936.<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> The first production model was successfully proof-fired, function-fired, and fired for accuracy on 21 July 1937.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> Production difficulties delayed deliveries to the Army until September 1937. Machine production began at Springfield Armory that month at a rate of ten rifles per day,<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> and reached an output of 100 per day within two years. Despite going into production status, design issues were not at an end. The barrel, gas cylinder, and front sight assembly were redesigned and entered production in early 1940. Existing "gas-trap" rifles were recalled and retrofitted, mirroring problems with the earlier <a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M1903 Springfield rifle">M1903 Springfield rifle</a> that also had to be recalled and reworked approximately three years into production and foreshadowing rework of the <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifle</a> at a similar point in its development. Production of the Garand increased in 1940 despite these difficulties,<a href="#cite_note-Brown-32">[30]</a> reaching 600 a day by 10 January 1941,<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> and the Army was fully equipped by the end of 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FitzV10-29">[27]</a> Following the outbreak of World War II in Europe, <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Repeating_Arms_Company" title="Winchester Repeating Arms Company">Winchester</a> was awarded an "educational" production contract for 65,000 rifles,<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> with deliveries beginning in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-rifles142-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_use">Service use</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Service use">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg/220px-En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg/330px-En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg/440px-En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>John Garand (left) points out features of the M1 to army generals</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Patton_-_Letter_to_Springfield_Armory,_26_Jan_1945,_M1_Garand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/George_Patton_-_Letter_to_Springfield_Armory%2C_26_Jan_1945%2C_M1_Garand.jpg/220px-George_Patton_-_Letter_to_Springfield_Armory%2C_26_Jan_1945%2C_M1_Garand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/George_Patton_-_Letter_to_Springfield_Armory%2C_26_Jan_1945%2C_M1_Garand.jpg/330px-George_Patton_-_Letter_to_Springfield_Armory%2C_26_Jan_1945%2C_M1_Garand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/George_Patton_-_Letter_to_Springfield_Armory%2C_26_Jan_1945%2C_M1_Garand.jpg/440px-George_Patton_-_Letter_to_Springfield_Armory%2C_26_Jan_1945%2C_M1_Garand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>George Patton letter to Springfield Armory on the M1 Garand, 26 January 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand,_Fort_Knox,_KY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand%2C_Fort_Knox%2C_KY.jpg/220px-Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand%2C_Fort_Knox%2C_KY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand%2C_Fort_Knox%2C_KY.jpg/330px-Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand%2C_Fort_Knox%2C_KY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand%2C_Fort_Knox%2C_KY.jpg/440px-Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand%2C_Fort_Knox%2C_KY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8250" data-file-height="5316" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Army infantryman in 1942 with M1 in front of an <a href="/wiki/M3_half-track" title="M3 half-track">M3</a> <a href="/wiki/Half-track" title="Half-track">half-track</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a>, Kentucky</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg/170px-USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg/255px-USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg/340px-USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Marine Corps Silent Drill Team with M1 rifles</figcaption></figure> The M1 Garand was made in large numbers during World War II; approximately 5.4 million were made.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> They were used by every branch of the United States military. The rifle generally performed well. <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">General George S. Patton</a> called it "the greatest battle implement ever devised."<a href="#cite_note-Pendergast_2000_102-17">[16]</a> The typical opponent of a US soldier during World War II was usually armed with a slower-firing <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt-action rifle</a> (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Karabiner_98k" title="Karabiner 98k">Karabiner 98k</a> for Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Carcano" title="Carcano">Carcano M1891</a> for Italy, and the <a href="/wiki/Arisaka" title="Arisaka">Type 38 or Type 99 Arisaka rifle</a> for Japan). The effect of faster-firing infantry small arms in general soon stimulated both Allied and <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis forces</a> to greatly increase their issue of semi- and <a href="/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm">fully automatic</a> firearms then in production, as well as to develop new types of infantry firearms.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> Many M1s were repaired or rebuilt after World War II. While U.S. forces were still engaged in the Korean War, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> decided more were needed. Springfield Armory ramped up production, but two new contracts were awarded. During 1953–56, M1s were produced by <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a> and <a href="/wiki/H_%26_R_Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="H & R Firearms">Harrington & Richardson</a> in which International Harvester alone produced a total of 337,623 M1 Garands.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Canfield2015-36">[34]</a> A final, very small, lot of M1s was produced by Springfield Armory in early 1957, using finished components already on hand. <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> also produced Garands using Winchester tooling. In 1939, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> looked at the M1 as a possible replacement for its bolt-action <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield No.1 Mk. III</a>, but decided against it as by January 1940 the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">Birmingham Small Arms Company</a> was already preparing production of the Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk 1.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201259-37">[35]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Military_surplus" title="Military surplus">surplus</a> M1 rifles were provided as foreign aid to American allies, including South Korea, West Germany, Italy, Japan, Denmark, Greece, Turkey, <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a>, South Vietnam, the Philippines, etc. Most Garands shipped to allied nations were predominantly manufactured by International Harvester Corporation during the period of 1953–1956, and second from Springfield Armory from all periods.<a href="#cite_note-Canfield2015-36">[34]</a> Some Garands were still being used by the United States into the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in 1963; despite the <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14</a>'s official adoption in 1958, it was not until 1965 that the changeover from the M1 Garand was fully completed in the active-duty component of the Army (with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">sniper</a> variants, which were introduced in World War II and saw action in Korea and Vietnam). The Garand remained in service with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> into the early 1970s. The South Korean Army was using M1 Garands in the Vietnam War as late as 1966.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Due to widespread United States military assistance as well as their durability, M1 Garands have also been found in use in recent conflicts such as with the insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan. Some military drill teams still use the M1 rifle, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Drill_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marine Corps Drill Team">U.S. Marine Corps Silent Drill Team</a>, the United States Air Force Academy Cadet Honor Guard, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">U.S. Air Force Auxiliary</a>, almost all <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Officer Training Corps">Reserve Officer Training Corps</a> (ROTC) and some <a href="/wiki/Junior_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps">Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps</a> (JROTC) teams of all branches of the U.S. military.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It is also used by the drill team of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Majestet_Kongens_Garde" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Majestet Kongens Garde">His Majesty the King's Guard</a> of Norway.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_details">Design details</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Design details">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garandparts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Garandparts.jpg/500px-Garandparts.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Garandparts.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption>The M1 Garand with important parts labeled</figcaption></figure> The M1 rifle is a <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30 caliber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gas-operated" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas-operated">gas-operated</a>, eight-shot clip-fed, <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">semi-automatic rifle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Popenker-40">[38]</a> It is 43.6 inches (1,107 mm) long and it weighs about 9.5 pounds (4.31 kg).<a href="#cite_note-easy39th.com-41">[39]</a> The M1's <a href="/wiki/Safety_(firearms)" title="Safety (firearms)">safety catch</a> is located at the front of the <a href="/wiki/Trigger_guard" title="Trigger guard">trigger guard</a>, easily operated by the trigger finger. It is engaged when it is pressed rearward into the trigger guard, and disengaged when it is pushed forward and is protruding outside of the trigger guard.<a href="#cite_note-Mangrum-42">[40]</a> The M1 Garand was designed for simple assembly and disassembly to facilitate field maintenance. It can be field stripped (broken down) without tools in just a few seconds.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> The rifle has an <a href="/wiki/Iron_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron sight">iron sight</a> line consisting of rear receiver aperture sight protected by sturdy "ears" calibrated for 100–1,200 yd (91–1,097 m) in 100 yd (91 m) increments. The bullet drop compensation is set by turning the range knob to the appropriate range setting. The bullet drop compensation/range knob can be fine adjusted by setting the rear sight elevation pinion. The elevation pinion can be fine adjusted in approximately one <a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc#Firearms" title="Minute and second of arc">MOA</a> increments. The aperture sight is also able to correct for wind drift operated by turning a windage knob that moves the sight in approximately one MOA increments. The windage lines on the receiver to indicate the windage setting are four MOA apart. The front sighting element consists of a wing-guard-protected front post. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the M1 rifle's semiautomatic operation gave United States infantrymen a significant advantage in firepower and shot-to-shot recovery time over enemy infantrymen armed primarily with bolt-action rifles. The semi-automatic operation and reduced recoil allowed soldiers to fire eight rounds as quickly as they could pull the trigger, without having to move their hands on the rifle and therefore disrupt their firing position and point of aim.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> The Garand's fire rate, in the hands of a trained soldier, averaged 40–50 accurate shots per minute at a range of 300 yards (270 m). "At ranges over 500 yards (460 m), a battlefield target is hard for the average rifleman to hit. Therefore, 500 yards (460 m) is considered the maximum effective range, even though the rifle is accurate at much greater ranges."<a href="#cite_note-easy39th.com-41">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="En_bloc_clip">En bloc clip</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: En bloc clip">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garand_clip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Garand_clip.jpg/220px-Garand_clip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Garand_clip.jpg/330px-Garand_clip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Garand_clip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>An M1 Garand en bloc clip loaded with eight <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a> rounds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_Garand_rifle_being_loaded.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/M1_Garand_rifle_being_loaded.png/220px-M1_Garand_rifle_being_loaded.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/M1_Garand_rifle_being_loaded.png/330px-M1_Garand_rifle_being_loaded.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/M1_Garand_rifle_being_loaded.png/440px-M1_Garand_rifle_being_loaded.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Loading the M1</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1clip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/M1clip.jpg/220px-M1clip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/M1clip.jpg/330px-M1clip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/M1clip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Unloading an M1 en bloc clip</figcaption></figure> The M1 rifle is fed by a reversible <a href="/wiki/Clip_(ammunition)#En_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Clip (ammunition)">en bloc clip</a> which holds eight rounds of <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a> ammunition. When the last <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridge</a> is fired, the rifle ejects the clip and locks the bolt open.<a href="#cite_note-Karwan-45">[43]</a> The M1 is then ready to reload. Once the clip is inserted, the bolt snaps forward on its own as soon as thumb pressure is released from the top round of the clip, chambering a round and leaving it ready to fire.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Department-47">[45]</a> Contrary to widespread misconception, partially expended or full clips can be easily ejected from the rifle by means of the clip latch button.<a href="#cite_note-Mangrum-42">[40]</a> It is also possible to load single cartridges into a partially loaded clip while the clip is still in the magazine, but this requires both hands and a bit of practice. In reality, this procedure was rarely performed in combat, as the danger of getting debris inside the action along with the cartridges increased the chances of malfunction. Instead, it was much easier and quicker to simply manually eject the clip, and insert a fresh one,<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> which is how the rifle was originally designed to be operated.<a href="#cite_note-Department-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-George-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap-50">[48]</a> Later, special clips holding two (8+2=10 for target shooting) or five rounds (to meet hunting regulations) became available on the civilian market, as well as a single-loading device which stays in the rifle when the bolt locks back. In battle, the manual of arms called for the rifle to be fired until empty, and then recharged quickly. Due to the well-developed logistical system of the U.S. military at the time, this consumption of ammunition was generally not critical, though this could change in the case of units that came under intense fire or were flanked or surrounded by enemy forces.<a href="#cite_note-George-49">[47]</a> When using the rifle to launch grenades, it requires the removal of a partially loaded clip of ball ammunition and replacement with a clip of M3 blank cartridges.<a href="#cite_note-Department-47">[45]</a> Officials in Army Ordnance circles demanded a fixed, non-protruding magazine for the new service rifle. At the time, it was believed that a detachable magazine on a general-issue service rifle would be easily lost by U.S. soldiers (a criticism made of British soldiers and the <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a> dozens of years previously), would render the weapon too susceptible to clogging from dirt and debris and that a protruding magazine would complicate existing manual-of-arms drills. As a result, inventor <a href="/wiki/John_Garand" title="John Garand">John Garand</a> developed an en bloc clip system that allowed ammunition to be inserted from above, clip included, into the fixed magazine. While this design provided the requisite flush-mount magazine, the clip system increased the rifle's weight and complexity, and made only single loading ammunition possible without a clip. Ejection of an empty clip created a distinctive metallic "clanging" sound.<a href="#cite_note-Bishop-51">[49]</a> In World War II, it was rumored that German and Japanese infantry were making use of this noise in combat to alert them to an empty M1 rifle in order to catch their American enemies with an unloaded rifle. It was reported that the U.S. Army's <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Ground" title="Aberdeen Proving Ground">Aberdeen Proving Ground</a> began experiments with clips made of various plastics in order to soften the sound, though no improved clips were ever adopted.<a href="#cite_note-Dunlap-50">[48]</a> Conversely, former German soldiers have said that the sound was inaudible during engagements and not particularly useful when heard, as other squad members might have been nearby ready to fire.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Due to the often intense deafening noise of combat and gunfire it is highly unlikely any U.S. servicemen were killed as a result of being given away by the clang noise; however some soldiers still took the issue very seriously.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> Some U.S. veterans recalling combat in Europe are convinced that German soldiers did respond to the ejection clang, and would throw an empty clip down to simulate the sound so the enemy would expose themselves.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_system">Gas system</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gas system">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garandpatents.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Garandpatents.gif/220px-Garandpatents.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Garandpatents.gif/330px-Garandpatents.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Garandpatents.gif/440px-Garandpatents.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Two of Garand's patents, showing the original gas trap design and revised gas port system</figcaption></figure> Garand's original design for the M1 used a complicated gas system involving a special muzzle extension gas trap, later dropped in mid-1940 in favor of a simpler drilled gas port. Because most of the older rifles were retrofitted, pre-1940 gas-trap M1s are very rare today and are prized collector's items.<a href="#cite_note-Popenker-40">[38]</a> In both systems, expanding gases from a fired cartridge are diverted into the gas cylinder. Here, the gases meet a long-stroke piston attached to the operating rod, which is pushed rearward by the force of this high-pressure gas. Then, the operating rod engages a <a href="/wiki/Rotating_bolt" title="Rotating bolt">rotating bolt</a> inside the <a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)" title="Receiver (firearms)">receiver</a>. The bolt is locked into the receiver via two locking lugs, which rotate, unlock, and initiate the ejection of the spent cartridge and the reloading cycle when the rifle is discharged. The operating rod (and subsequently the bolt) then returns to its original position. The M1 Garand was one of the first self-loading rifles to use stainless steel for its gas tube, in an effort to prevent corrosion.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As the stainless metal could not be <a href="/wiki/Parkerizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkerizing">parkerized</a>, the gas tubes were given a stove-blackening that frequently wore off in use. Unless the gas tube could be quickly repainted, the resultant gleaming muzzle could make the M1 Garand and its user more visible to the enemy in combat.<a href="#cite_note-George-49">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accessories">Accessories</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Accessories">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg/220px-US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg/330px-US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg/440px-US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>U.S. M5 bayonet with M8 scabbard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg/170px-M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg/255px-M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg/340px-M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1497" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Marine preparing to fire M31 HEAT antitank rifle grenade from M1 rifle in the indirect mode with butt on the ground</figcaption></figure> Several accessories were used with the Garand rifle. Several different styles of <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonets</a> fit the rifle: the <a href="/wiki/M1905_bayonet" title="M1905 bayonet">M1905</a>, with a 16-inch (406 mm) blade; the <a href="/wiki/M1_bayonet" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 bayonet">M1</a> with a 10-inch (254 mm) blade (either made standard or shortened from existing M1905 bayonets); and the <a href="/wiki/M5_bayonet" title="M5 bayonet">M5 bayonet</a> with a 6.75-inch (171 mm) blade. Also available was the <a href="/wiki/M7_grenade_launcher" title="M7 grenade launcher">M7 grenade launcher</a> that could easily be attached to the end of the barrel.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> It could be sighted using the M15 sight, which was attached with screws to the left side of the stock, just forward of the trigger. A cleaning tool, oiler and grease containers could be stored in two cylindrical compartments in the buttstock for use in the field. The M1907 two-piece leather rifle sling was the most common type of sling used with the weapon through World War II. In 1942, a cheaper and more adjustable olive drab canvas sling was introduced and gradually replaced the M1907 after the war.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> Another accessory was the winter trigger, developed during the Korean War.<a href="#cite_note-civilianmarksmanship-58">[56]</a> It consisted of a small mechanism installed on the trigger guard, allowing the soldier to remotely pull the trigger by depressing a lever just behind the guard.<a href="#cite_note-civilianmarksmanship-58">[56]</a> This enabled the shooter to fire his weapon while using winter gloves, which could get "stuck" on the trigger guard or not allow for proper movement of the finger.<a href="#cite_note-civilianmarksmanship-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>. (February 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sniper_models">Sniper models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sniper models">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/M1C.jpg/220px-M1C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/M1C.jpg/330px-M1C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/M1C.jpg/440px-M1C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>Rifle, Cal. 30, M1C with M84 telescope and rear sight protector</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/M1D.jpg/220px-M1D.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/M1D.jpg/330px-M1D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/M1D.jpg/440px-M1D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Rifle, Cal. 30, M1D with M84 telescope and T-37 <a href="/wiki/Flash_suppressor" title="Flash suppressor">flash suppressor</a></figcaption></figure> Most variants of the Garand, save the <a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">sniper</a> variants, never saw active duty.<a href="#cite_note-Bishop-51">[49]</a> The sniper versions were modified to accept scope mounts, and two versions (the M1C, formerly M1E7, and the M1D, formerly M1E8) were produced, although not in significant quantities during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> The only difference between the two versions is the mounting system for the <a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">telescopic sight</a>. In June 1944, the M1C was adopted as a standard <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">sniper rifle</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> to supplement the venerable <a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle#Variants" class="mw-redirect" title="M1903 Springfield rifle">M1903A4</a>, but few saw combat; wartime production was 7,971 M1Cs.<a href="#cite_note-nra-60">[58]</a> The procedure required to install the M1C-type mounts through drilling/tapping the hardened receiver reduced accuracy by warping the receiver. Improved methods to avoid reduction of accuracy were inefficient in terms of tooling and time. This resulted in the development of the M1D, which utilized a simpler, single-ring Springfield Armory mount attached to the barrel rather than the receiver. The M1C was first widely used during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. Korean War production was 4,796 M1Cs and 21,380 M1Ds; although few M1Ds were completed in time to see combat.<a href="#cite_note-nra-60">[58]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> adopted the M1C as their official sniper rifle in 1951. This USMC 1952 sniper's rifle, or MC52, was an M1C with the commercial Stith Bear Cub scope manufactured by the Kollmorgen Optical Company under the military designation: telescopic sight - Model 4XD-USMC. The Kollmorgen scope with a slightly modified <a href="/wiki/Griffin_%26_Howe" title="Griffin & Howe">Griffin & Howe</a> mount was designated MC-1. The MC52 was also too late to see extensive combat in Korea, but it remained in Marine Corps inventories until replaced by bolt-action rifles during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nra-60">[58]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> has also used the Garand, rechambered for the <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> round. A detachable M2 conical flash hider, adopted 25 January 1945 slipped over the muzzle and was secured in place by the bayonet lug. A T37 flash hider was developed later. Flash hiders were of limited utility during low-light conditions around dawn and dusk, but were often removed as potentially detrimental to accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-nra-60">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanker_models">Tanker models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tanker models">edit</a>]</div> The Tanker name was invented after the war as a marketing gimmick for commercial Garands built on welded demilled receivers. There are three 18-inch M1 Garand variants, the M1E5 and T26, which never saw service, and the Pacific Warfare Board rifle, which saw very limited service in the Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-auto-61">[59]</a> The M1E5 is equipped with a shorter 18-inch (457 mm) barrel and a <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">folding buttstock</a>. The T26 also uses an 18-inch (457 mm) <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrel</a> but retains the standard buttstock. The PWB rifle uses an 18-inch (457 mm) barrel, retains the standard buttstock, and has a foregrip secured by M1903 barrel band. A weapon with those features was potentially valuable for paratroopers, as it was more powerful than the carbines and submachine guns currently in use. Preliminary testing revealed it had excessive recoil and muzzle blast, but it was recommended that it be developed further. The Infantry Board directed Col. Rene Studler to proceed with the project. The task was assigned to Springfield Armory, and John Garand began work in January 1944. The resultant experimental arm, designated as the "U.S. Carbine, Cal. 30, M1E5", was fitted with a specially made 18-inch barrel (not a shortened standard M1 rifle barrel) marked "1 SA 2-44" and a pantograph metal stock that folded underneath the rifle. The receiver was marked "U.S. Carbine/Cal. .30 M1E5/Springfield/Armory/1". It was designated as a carbine and not a rifle. Other than the folding stock, the basic M1 rifle was essentially unchanged with the exception of the short barrel, a correspondingly shortened operating rod (and spring) and the lack of a front handguard. The overall length was 37½ inches and it weighed approximately 8 lbs., 6 ozs. The M1E5 "<a href="/wiki/Garand_carbine" title="Garand carbine">Garand carbine</a>" was tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground in May 1944. It was determined that while accuracy at 300 yards was on par with the standard M1 rifle, recoil, muzzle blast and flash were excessive. It was recommended that a pistol grip be installed, which was done for subsequent testing. While the M1E5 was more compact than the standard Garand rifle, the short barrel made it an unpleasant gun to fire—and the advantages were not judged to be sufficient to offset the disadvantages. Further development of the M1E5 was suspended as other projects at Springfield, such as the selective-fire T20 series, were deemed to have a higher priority. Only one example of the M1E5 was fabricated for testing, and the gun resides today in the Springfield Armory National Historic Site Museum. Despite the concept being shelved at Springfield Armory, the idea of a shortened M1 rifle was still viewed as potentially valuable for airborne and jungle combat use. Particularly in the Pacific Theater, there was widespread dissatisfaction with the M1 carbine's range, power and foliage-penetration ("brush-cutting") capability. The Ordnance Department was not responsive to these complaints coming in from the Pacific and maintained that the M1 rifle and M1 carbine each filled a specific niche.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Nonetheless, by late 1944, the Pacific Warfare Board (PWB) decided to move forward with the development of a shortened M1 rifle. Colonel William Alexander, chief of the PWB, directed an Army ordnance unit of the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth United States Army">6th Army</a> in the Philippines to fabricate 150 rifles in this configuration for testing. Since the previous M1E5 project was not widely disseminated, it is entirely possible that the PWB may not have been aware of Springfield Armory's development of a similar rifle, and conceived the idea independently.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Some of the shortened M1 rifles were field-tested in October 1944 on <a href="/wiki/Noemfoor_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Noemfoor Island">Noemfoor Island</a>, New Guinea, by an ad hoc test committee,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] which included three platoon leaders of the <a href="/wiki/503rd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="503rd Infantry Regiment (United States)">503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment (PIR)</a> combat team. While the members of the test committee liked the concept of the short M1 rifle, it was determined that the muzzle blast was excessive and was compared to a flash bulb going off in the darkened jungle. The conclusion of the test report stated that the shortened rifle was "totally unsuitable for a combat weapon".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Even while the shortened M1 rifles were being evaluated by the 503rd PIR, two of them were sent to the Ordnance Dept. in Washington, D.C., by special courier for evaluation. One of these rifles was then forwarded to Springfield Armory. The M1s shortened in the Philippines under the auspices of the PWB had been well-used prior to modification, and the conversion exhibited rather crude craftsmanship, including hand-cut splines on the barrel. Upon receipt of the PWB rifle, Springfield Armory's model shop fabricated a very similar shortened M1 that was designated as the "T26". One of the more noticeable differences was that the shortened PWB rifle had a cut-down front handguard (secured by an M1903 rifle barrel band), while the T26 rifle was not fitted with a front handguard. It had been determined that the full-length stock was superior to the M1E5's folding stock, so the T26 used a standard M1 rifle stock. The PWB rifle, serial No. 2437139, and Springfield Armory's T26 were sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) on 26 July 1945, for testing. The APG report related that a standard M1 rifle, serial No. 1,032,921, was the "control" rifle to which the shorter rifle was compared during the testing. The results mirrored those of the M1E5's previous testing. The test report found that the modified rifle's muzzle flash, blast, and recoil were all significantly higher than that of the standard rifle. Additionally, it was less reliable, leading to it being declared "totally unsuitable as a combat weapon". Nonetheless, in July 1945, 15,000 short M1 rifles were requested for use by airborne troops. The rifles were supposed to be produced within the next five months, but the procurement was canceled due to the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a> in August 1945.<a href="#cite_note-auto-61">[59]</a> Springfield Armory made 637,420 more M1 rifles from 1952 to 1957 and contracts were met with two private firms. Harrington & Richardson made 428,600 from 1953 to 1956 and International Harvester made 337,623 from 1953 to 1957. In total 5,468,772 M1 rifles were made from 1937 to 1957.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="T20E2">T20E2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: T20E2">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T20E2_Garand_Prototype_Rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T20E2_Garand_Prototype_Rifle.jpg/220px-T20E2_Garand_Prototype_Rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T20E2_Garand_Prototype_Rifle.jpg/330px-T20E2_Garand_Prototype_Rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T20E2_Garand_Prototype_Rifle.jpg/440px-T20E2_Garand_Prototype_Rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="191" /></a><figcaption>The T20E2 selective-fire prototype was designed to feed from 20-round BAR magazines.</figcaption></figure> Another variant that never saw duty was the T20E2. It was an experimental, gas-operated, selective fire rifle with a slightly longer receiver than the M1 and modified to accept 20-round <a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle">Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) magazines</a>. The rifle was machined and tapped on the left side of the receiver for a scope mount, and included the same hardware for mounting a grenade launcher as the M1. The bolt had a hold-open device on the rear receiver bridge, as well as a fire selector similar to the <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14</a>. Full automatic fire was achieved by a connector assembly which was actuated by the operating rod handle. This, in turn, actuated a sear release or trip which, with the trigger held to the rear, disengaged the sear from the hammer lugs immediately after the bolt was locked. In automatic firing, the cyclic rate of fire was 700 rpm. When the connector assembly was disengaged, the rifle could only be fired semi-automatically and functioned in a manner similar to the M1 rifle. The T20 had an overall length of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>48+1⁄4 inches, a barrel length of 24 inches, and weighed 9.61 lb without accessories and 12.5 lb with bipod and empty magazine. It was designated as limited procurement in May 1945. Due to the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">cessation of hostilities with Japan</a>, the number for manufacture was reduced to 100. The project was terminated in March 1948. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quick_reference">Quick reference</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Quick reference">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>U.S. Army designation </th> <th>U.S. Navy designation </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>T1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Prototype </td></tr> <tr> <td>T1E1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>A single trial rifle that broke its bolt in the 1931 trial </td></tr> <tr> <td>T1E2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Trial designation for gas-trap Garand. Basically a T1E1 with a new bolt. </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Basic model. Identical to T1E2. Later change to gas port did not change designation </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; modified cam angle in op-rod </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; <a href="/wiki/Prismatic_scope" class="mw-redirect" title="Prismatic scope">prismatic scope</a> and mount </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E3 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; roller added to bolt's cam lug (later adapted for use in the <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E4 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; gas cut-off and expansion system with piston integral to op-rod </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E5 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457 mm) barrel, pistol grip and folding stock, for Airborne use </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E6 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; sniper variant </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E7/M1C </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1E6 Garand variant; M1C sniper variant with 2.2× magnification M73 scope (later modified as the M81, though the M82 or M84 scope could be used) in a <a href="/wiki/Griffin_%26_Howe" title="Griffin & Howe">Griffin & Howe</a> mount affixed to the left side of the receiver requiring a leather cheek pad to properly position the shooter's face behind the offset scope<a href="#cite_note-nra-60">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E8/M1D </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1E7 Garand variant; M1D sniper variant with M82 scope (though the M84 scope could be used) in a <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a> mount attached to the rear of the barrel allowing quick removal of the scope but similarly requiring the leather cheek pad<a href="#cite_note-nra-60">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E9 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; similar to M1E4, with piston separate from op-rod </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E10 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; variant with the <a href="/wiki/Ag_m/42" class="mw-redirect" title="Ag m/42">Ljungman</a> direct gas system </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E11 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; short-stroke Tappet gas system </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E12 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; gas port moved back approx. 6 inches </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E13 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; "White" gas cut-off and expansion system </td></tr> <tr> <td>M1E14 </td> <td>Mk 2 Mod 0 </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; rechambered in <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> with press-in chamber insert, enlarged gas port, and 7.62mm barrel bushing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201238-63">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T20 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; select-fire conversion by <a href="/wiki/John_Garand" title="John Garand">John Garand</a>, capable of using <a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle">BAR</a> magazines </td></tr> <tr> <td>T20E1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T20 variant; uses its own type of magazines </td></tr> <tr> <td>T20E2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T20 variant; E2 magazines will work in <a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle">BAR</a>, but not the reverse </td></tr> <tr> <td>T20E2HB </td> <td>— </td> <td>T20E2 variant; HBAR (heavy barrel) variant </td></tr> <tr> <td>T22 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; fully automatic select-fire conversion by <a href="/wiki/Remington_Arms" title="Remington Arms">Remington</a>, magazine-fed </td></tr> <tr> <td>T22E1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T22 variant; improved magazine release and bolt hold-open device </td></tr> <tr> <td>T22E2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T22 variant; improved trigger group, gas cylinder, muzzle brake, and bipod </td></tr> <tr> <td>T22E3HB </td> <td>— </td> <td>T22 variant; stock angled upwards to reduce muzzle climb; heavy barrel; uses T27 fire control </td></tr> <tr> <td>T23 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; upward angled stock like T22E3HB; standard clip fed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>T25 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T25 variant had a pistol grip: the stock angled upwards to reduce muzzle climb; and chambered for the new T65 .30 Light Rifle <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridge</a> (7.62×49mm).<a href="#cite_note-RAY-64">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T26 </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457 mm) barrel and standard stock, 1 prototype made by Springfield Armory used for testing, proposed use was for airborne and jungle operations. </td></tr> <tr> <td>PWB rifle </td> <td>— </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457 mm) barrel and standard stock and shortened foregrip secured with M1903 barrel band. 150 made in the Pacific theater of operations upon request by the Pacific War Board for airborne and jungle use.<a href="#cite_note-auto-61">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T27 </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Remington_Arms" title="Remington Arms">Remington</a> select-fire field conversion for M1 Garand; ability to convert issue M1 Garands to select-fire rifles; fire control setup used in T22E3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>T31 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Experimental bullpup variant </td></tr> <tr> <td>T35 </td> <td>Mk 2 Mod 1 </td> <td>M1 Garand variant; rechambered for <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a>; While the majority used the standard en bloc clip, a small number were experimentally fitted with a 10-round internal magazine loaded by 5-round <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">stripper clips</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T36 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T20E2 variant; rechambered for 7.62×51mm NATO using T35 barrel and <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle#Early_development" title="M14 rifle">T25</a> magazine </td></tr> <tr> <td>T37 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T36 variant; same as T36, except in gas port location </td></tr> <tr> <td>T44 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T44 variant; was a conventional design developed on a shoestring budget as an alternative to the T47.<a href="#cite_note-RAY-64">[62]</a> With only minimal funds available, the earliest T44 prototypes simply used T20E2 receivers fitted with magazine filler blocks and re-barreled for 7.62×51mm NATO, with the long operating rod/piston of the M1 replaced by the T47's gas cut-off system.<a href="#cite_note-RAY-64">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T47 </td> <td>— </td> <td>T47 variant; same as the T25, except for a conventional stock and chambered for 7.62×51mm NATO.<a href="#cite_note-RAY-64">[62]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demilitarized_versions">Demilitarized versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demilitarized versions">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Drill_purpose_rifle" title="Drill purpose rifle">Demilitarized models</a> are rendered permanently inoperable, unless proper techniques, tools, and replacement parts are used to restore the rifle to safe operation. Their barrels have been drilled out to destroy the rifling. A steel rod is then inserted into the barrel and welded at both ends. Sometimes, their barrels are also filled with molten lead or solder. Their gas ports or operating system are also welded closed. Their barrels are then welded to their receivers to prevent replacement. Their firing pin holes are welded closed on the bolt face. As a result, they cannot be loaded with, much less fire live ammunition. However, they may still be used for demonstration or instructional purposes. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nomenclature </th> <th><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="National Stock Number">National Stock Number</a> </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Rifle, Inert, Caliber .30, M1 </td> <td>1005-00-599-3289 </td> <td>Demilitarized and barrel plugged. US Air Force instructional use. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rifle, Training Aid, Caliber .30, M1 </td> <td>1005-01-061-2456 </td> <td>Demilitarized and barrel plugged. Instructional use. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rifle, Dummy Drill, Caliber .30, M1 </td> <td>1005-01-113-3767 </td> <td>Demilitarized. Barrel is unplugged but is welded to the receiver. <a href="/wiki/ROTC" class="mw-redirect" title="ROTC">ROTC</a> instructional use. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rifle, Ceremonial, Caliber .30, M1 </td> <td>1005-01-095-0085 </td> <td>Gas cylinder lock valve is removed and the gas system has welds permanently joining the lock and gas cylinder to prevent reversion. Barrel is unplugged but is welded to the receiver. The weapon has been converted from semi-automatic to a repeater and can only fire blanks. The bolt must be cycled to eject the spent cartridge case and reload a fresh round from the internal clip. Used by <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Veterans of Foreign Wars">Veterans of Foreign Wars</a> honor guards for parading and firing <a href="/wiki/Three-volley_salute" title="Three-volley salute">ceremonial salutes</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rechambered_versions">Rechambered versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rechambered versions">edit</a>]</div> M1 Garands in Pakistan were found to be chambered in <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm_Mauser" title="7.92×57mm Mauser">7.92×57 mm</a> due to a lack of .30-06 ammo in the country.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Modern Garands can be gunsmith built in several novel cartridges, with examples known up to .458 Winchester Magnum. While not common, 6.5×55mm Swedish barrels are occasionally available to convert with nothing more than a barrel change, though the en bloc clips are more difficult to load and often require a tool. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copies_and_postwar_derivatives">Copies and postwar derivatives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Copies and postwar derivatives">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_Type_4">Japanese Type 4</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Japanese Type 4">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_4_rifle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Type_4_rifle.png/220px-Type_4_rifle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Type_4_rifle.png/330px-Type_4_rifle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Type_4_rifle.png/440px-Type_4_rifle.png 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Type 4</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Type_4_rifle" title="Type 4 rifle">Type 4 Rifle</a>, often referred to as the Type 5 Rifle (Japanese: 四式自動小銃 Yon-shiki jidousyoujyuu), was a Japanese experimental <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">semi-automatic rifle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> It was a copy of the American M1 Garand but with an integral 10-round <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazine</a> and chambered for the Japanese <a href="/wiki/7.7%C3%9758mm_Arisaka" title="7.7×58mm Arisaka">7.7×58mm Arisaka</a> cartridge.<a href="#cite_note-rifles-68">[66]</a> Where the Garand used an <a href="/wiki/Clip_(ammunition)#En_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Clip (ammunition)">en bloc clip</a>, the Type 4's integral magazine was charged with two 5-round <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">stripper clips</a> and the rifle also used Japanese style tangent sights. The Type 4 had been developed alongside several other experimental semi-automatic rifles. However, none of the rifles entered into service before the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, with only 250 being made and many others were never assembled. There were several problems with jamming and feed systems, which also delayed its testing. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beretta_models">Beretta models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Beretta models">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bm59.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bm59.jpg/220px-Bm59.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bm59.jpg/330px-Bm59.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bm59.jpg/440px-Bm59.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>Beretta BM59</figcaption></figure> During the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> produced Garands in Italy at the behest of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, by having the tooling used by Winchester during World War II shipped to them by the U.S. government. These rifles were designated "Model 1952" in Italy. Using this tooling, Beretta developed the <a href="/wiki/Beretta_BM59" class="mw-redirect" title="Beretta BM59">BM59</a> series of rifles. The BM59 was essentially a rechambered <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> caliber M1 fitted with a removable 20-round magazine, folding bipod and a combined flash suppressor-rifle grenade launcher. The BM59 is capable of selective fire. These rifles were produced under license in Indonesia as the "<a href="/wiki/Beretta_BM59" class="mw-redirect" title="Beretta BM59">SP-1</a>" series. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M14_rifle">M14 rifle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: M14 rifle">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M14_Stand-off_Munitions_Disruptor_(SMUD)_(7414626342).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M14_Stand-off_Munitions_Disruptor_%28SMUD%29_%287414626342%29.jpg/220px-M14_Stand-off_Munitions_Disruptor_%28SMUD%29_%287414626342%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M14_Stand-off_Munitions_Disruptor_%28SMUD%29_%287414626342%29.jpg/330px-M14_Stand-off_Munitions_Disruptor_%28SMUD%29_%287414626342%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M14_Stand-off_Munitions_Disruptor_%28SMUD%29_%287414626342%29.jpg/440px-M14_Stand-off_Munitions_Disruptor_%28SMUD%29_%287414626342%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>M14 rifle</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a>, officially the United States Rifle, 7.62 mm, M14,<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> is an American <a href="/wiki/Selective_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective fire">selective fire</a> <a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">automatic rifle</a> that fires <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> (<a href="/wiki/.308_Winchester" title=".308 Winchester">.308 Winchester</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a>. The <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a> is basically an improved select-fire M1 Garand with a 20-round magazine.<a href="#cite_note-smallarmsreview.com-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruger_Mini-14">Ruger Mini-14</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ruger Mini-14">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mini14GB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mini14GB.jpg/220px-Mini14GB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mini14GB.jpg/330px-Mini14GB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mini14GB.jpg/440px-Mini14GB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Ruger Mini-14GB</figcaption></figure> Designed by <a href="/wiki/L._James_Sullivan" title="L. James Sullivan">L. James Sullivan</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_B._Ruger" title="William B. Ruger">William B. Ruger</a>, and produced by <a href="/wiki/Sturm,_Ruger_%26_Co." title="Sturm, Ruger & Co.">Sturm, Ruger & Co.</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Mini-14" title="Ruger Mini-14">Mini-14 rifle</a> employs an investment cast, heat-treated receiver and a version of the M1/<a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a> locking mechanism.<a href="#cite_note-guthrie-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Springfield_Armory_commercial_production">Springfield Armory commercial production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Springfield Armory commercial production">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Garand.jpg/220px-Garand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Garand.jpg/330px-Garand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Garand.jpg/440px-Garand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="105" /></a><figcaption>M1 Garand rifle</figcaption></figure> In 1982, years after the closure of the U.S. Springfield Armory, a commercial firm – <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory,_Inc." title="Springfield Armory, Inc.">Springfield Armory, Inc.</a> – began production of the M1 Rifle using a cast, heat-treated receiver with serial numbers in the 7,000,000+ range, along with commercially produced barrels (marked Geneseo, IL) and G.I. military surplus parts.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civilian_use">Civilian use</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Civilian use">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryan_M1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ryan_M1.jpg/220px-Ryan_M1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ryan_M1.jpg/330px-Ryan_M1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ryan_M1.jpg/440px-Ryan_M1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="1211" /></a><figcaption>A civilian, target shooting with an M1 Garand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CMP_Cartouche,_M1_Garand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/CMP_Cartouche%2C_M1_Garand.jpg/150px-CMP_Cartouche%2C_M1_Garand.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/CMP_Cartouche%2C_M1_Garand.jpg/225px-CMP_Cartouche%2C_M1_Garand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/CMP_Cartouche%2C_M1_Garand.jpg/300px-CMP_Cartouche%2C_M1_Garand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>The Civilian Marksmanship Program cartouche on an M1 Garand.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingrid_M1_-_7726397068.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ingrid_M1_-_7726397068.jpg/220px-Ingrid_M1_-_7726397068.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ingrid_M1_-_7726397068.jpg/330px-Ingrid_M1_-_7726397068.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ingrid_M1_-_7726397068.jpg/440px-Ingrid_M1_-_7726397068.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2792" data-file-height="2094" /></a><figcaption>A woman, target shooting with an M1 Garand</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States citizens</a> meeting certain qualifications may purchase U.S. military surplus M1 rifles through the <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Marksmanship_Program" title="Civilian Marksmanship Program">Civilian Marksmanship Program</a> (CMP). The CMP is run by the Corporation for the Promotion of Rifle Practice and Firearms Safety (CPRPFS), a <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Not-for-profit corporation">not-for-profit corporation</a> chartered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> in 1996 to instruct citizens in marksmanship and promote practice and safety in the use of firearms.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> The group holds a <a href="/wiki/Congressional_charter" title="Congressional charter">congressional charter</a> under <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36 of the United States Code</a>. From 1903 to 1996, the CMP was sponsored by the Office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship (DCM), a position first within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">Department of War</a> and later in the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a>. The DCM was normally an active-duty Army <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a>. In 2009, an effort by the South Korean government to export about 850,000 firearms to the United States, including 87,000 M1 rifles, for eventual sale to civilians, was initially approved by the Obama administration, but it later blocked the sale in March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-foxy-76">[74]</a> A <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> spokesman said the administration's decision was based on concerns that the guns could fall into the wrong hands and be used for criminal activity.<a href="#cite_note-foxy-76">[74]</a> However, in January 2012, the U.S. and South Korea agreed on the sale of 87,000 M1 Garand rifles, and the South Korean government entered into discussion with U.S. civilian arms dealers.<a href="#cite_note-chosun-77">[75]</a> Korea has sold tens of thousands of M1 Garand rifles to the U.S. civilian market between 1986 and 1994.<a href="#cite_note-chosun-77">[75]</a> In 2018, the CMP reported they had received a shipment of more than 90,000 M1 Garand rifles from the Philippines and also stated plans to restore many of those rifles for civilian sale. <a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> In August 2013, the Obama administration banned future private importation of all U.S. made weapons, including the M1 Garand.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Citation provides no detail on the type of regulatory action taken, such as rulemaking or executive order, nor anything but basic details on the regulation adopted. Better would be a citation to the appropriate Federal Register issue. (September 2020)">better source needed</a>] This action did not preclude the return of surplus U.S. weapons, including M1 Garands, previously loaned by the U.S. to friendly nations, to the custody of the U.S. Government; in recent years, the CMP has received most of its surplus weapons through such returns from foreign countries. However, all civilian and military firearms imported into the U.S. after 30 January 2002, are required by federal law to have the name of the importer conspicuously stamped on the barrel, slide, or receiver of each weapon.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> This requirement significantly lowers a military weapon's value relative to those without the importation markings as they distract from its original state.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Military surplus Garands and post-war copies made for the civilian market are popular among enthusiasts. In 2015, <a href="/wiki/President_John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="President John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy's</a> personal M1 Garand was auctioned by Rock Island Auction Company and sold for $149,500.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> This rifle was acquired by Kennedy in 1959 from the Director of Civilian Marksmanship and has the serial number 6086970.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users">Users</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Users">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ausbildung_in_der_Gruppe_(18480913048).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ausbildung_in_der_Gruppe_%2818480913048%29.jpg/220px-Ausbildung_in_der_Gruppe_%2818480913048%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ausbildung_in_der_Gruppe_%2818480913048%29.jpg/330px-Ausbildung_in_der_Gruppe_%2818480913048%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ausbildung_in_der_Gruppe_%2818480913048%29.jpg/440px-Ausbildung_in_der_Gruppe_%2818480913048%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6774" data-file-height="4492" /></a><figcaption>Austrian troops training with M1 Garands during the 1950s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Changing_of_the_Guard-Unknown_Soldier-Hellenic_Army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Changing_of_the_Guard-Unknown_Soldier-Hellenic_Army.jpg/220px-Changing_of_the_Guard-Unknown_Soldier-Hellenic_Army.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Changing_of_the_Guard-Unknown_Soldier-Hellenic_Army.jpg/330px-Changing_of_the_Guard-Unknown_Soldier-Hellenic_Army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Changing_of_the_Guard-Unknown_Soldier-Hellenic_Army.jpg/440px-Changing_of_the_Guard-Unknown_Soldier-Hellenic_Army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Evzones" title="Evzones">Evzones</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Guard_(Greece)" title="Presidential Guard (Greece)">Presidential Guard</a> in front of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Parliament">Greek Parliament</a> holding M1 Garands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDAJ_Honor_Guard_Drill_Team.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NDAJ_Honor_Guard_Drill_Team.JPG/220px-NDAJ_Honor_Guard_Drill_Team.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NDAJ_Honor_Guard_Drill_Team.JPG/330px-NDAJ_Honor_Guard_Drill_Team.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NDAJ_Honor_Guard_Drill_Team.JPG/440px-NDAJ_Honor_Guard_Drill_Team.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>National Defense Academy of Japan Honor Guard Drill Team</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honor_Guard_of_ROCAF_standing_at_National_Revolutionary_Martyr%27s_Shrine_20081221.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Honor_Guard_of_ROCAF_standing_at_National_Revolutionary_Martyr%27s_Shrine_20081221.jpg/170px-Honor_Guard_of_ROCAF_standing_at_National_Revolutionary_Martyr%27s_Shrine_20081221.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Honor_Guard_of_ROCAF_standing_at_National_Revolutionary_Martyr%27s_Shrine_20081221.jpg/255px-Honor_Guard_of_ROCAF_standing_at_National_Revolutionary_Martyr%27s_Shrine_20081221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Honor_Guard_of_ROCAF_standing_at_National_Revolutionary_Martyr%27s_Shrine_20081221.jpg/340px-Honor_Guard_of_ROCAF_standing_at_National_Revolutionary_Martyr%27s_Shrine_20081221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">ROC</a> honor guard soldier and his M1 Garand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg/170px-Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg/255px-Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg/340px-Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>A Turkish soldier stands guard with his M1 rifle at the Anıtkabir Mausoleum.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_Garand_Users_(Updated).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/M1_Garand_Users_%28Updated%29.png/220px-M1_Garand_Users_%28Updated%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/M1_Garand_Users_%28Updated%29.png/330px-M1_Garand_Users_%28Updated%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/M1_Garand_Users_%28Updated%29.png/440px-M1_Garand_Users_%28Updated%29.png 2x" data-file-width="6460" data-file-height="3403" /></a><figcaption>A map with users of the M1 Garand in blue and former users in red</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_operators">Current operators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Current operators">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>: Thousands were bought from various sources and received as aid from the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: Received 72,800 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1964.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: Received 34,300 M1 and 2,630 M1D rifles from the U.S. government in 1950–1975. Retired from active <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Philippine Marine Corps</a> service.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Used by units of the <a href="/wiki/Citizen_Armed_Force_Geographical_Unit" title="Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit">Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit</a>, Still used by honor guards.<a href="#cite_note-photobucket2-88">[86]</a> In 2017, it was reported that the Philippine government may send 86,000 rifles to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Marksmanship_Program" title="Civilian Marksmanship Program">Civilian Marksmanship Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ceremonial_uses_only">Ceremonial uses only</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ceremonial uses only">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: Used as a ceremonial rifle by the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Police">Belgian Police</a><a href="#cite_note-SAS_20012-90">[88]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: Received 186,090 M1 and 1880 M1C/M1D rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a> Still in use for ceremonial duties by the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Guard_(Greece)" title="Presidential Guard (Greece)">Presidential Guard</a> and the Honor Guard of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Greece)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Greece)">Ministry of National Defence</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: Issued to the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969494-91">[89]</a> Still used by the JSDF as a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_weapon" title="Ceremonial weapon">ceremonial weapon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a>: Aiding the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> during the Cold War.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Still used by the Armed Forces as a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_weapon" title="Ceremonial weapon">ceremonial weapon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>: The first rifles were provided to the Korean police prior to 1947, then to the Korean Constabulary in February 1948. Between August 1948 and June 1949, 41,897 rifles were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> from the United States. The military was equipped with 40,378 M1s before the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The U.S. provided additional 471,839 rifles during the war, and rifle in service with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="Republic of Korea Army">Army</a> reached 152,328 (Dec 1950), 189,704 (Dec 1951), 221,079 (Dec 1952), and 266,633 (27 Jul 1953) units.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[note 1]</a> Also used in the early years of the Vietnam War until replaced by a small number of the XM16E1 rifles in 1966 and mostly by the M16A1 rifles in 1968. Finally, the M1s were replaced by license produced M16A1s, and were removed from active service in 1978. Many rifles were sold back to the United States for civilian use: 100,000 rifles in 1986 to 1989 via Blue Sky, and 85,000 rifles in 1991 to 1993 via Century Arms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201267-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[note 2]</a> Currently used for ceremonial duty.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>: Received 312,430 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in 1953–1970,<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a> saw action in <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> and <a href="/wiki/1974_Cyprus_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Cyprus War">1974 Cyprus War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wikimedia2-106">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> Still used by the Turkish Armed Forces as a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_weapon" title="Ceremonial weapon">ceremonial weapon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: Standard issue rifle for U.S. Army and Marine Corps Infantry from 1936 to 1957.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20124-111">[107]</a> Used in the 1970s in reserve and rear-echelon capacities. Still in use for official military ceremonies, <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> units, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a>. Additionally, it remains the standard rifle of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Silent_Drill_Platoon" title="United States Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon">United States Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operators">Former operators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Former operators">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>: Used during the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a> by Taliban insurgents.<a href="#cite_note-FireArmBlog3-112">[108]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: Received about 30,000 M1s from the U.S. government before 1964. Some were converted to accept <a href="/wiki/Beretta_BM_59" title="Beretta BM 59">Beretta BM 59</a> magazines in the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1453-114">[110]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: 25,000 M1 Garand rifles were supplied to Austria by the U.S. government after the end of World War 2. Used extensively by the Austrian Armed Forces until the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/StG58" class="mw-redirect" title="StG58">STG58</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>: Received large numbers of M1s from the U.S. government in the early 1950s. Some were converted to the <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> cartridge and modified to accept <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a> magazines.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1453-114">[110]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>: Royal forces received <a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_Cambodian_Civil_War#Battle_rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of weapons of the Cambodian Civil War">M1 rifles</a> from the U.S. during their civil war against communist insurgents.<a href="#cite_note-smallarmssurvey3-116">[112]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>: A small, but unknown, number of M1, M1C (with infra-red night vision equipment) and M1D rifles were owned by Canada. There were enough to equip a brigade and Garands were issued to certain Canadian Army units near the end of World War II and to some army and Royal Canadian Air Force personnel into the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201274-119">[115]</a> Captured from Nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War and US/ROK forces in the Korean War.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>: 10,000 ex-British M1s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201259-37">[35]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: Received 69,810 M1 rifles (designated "Gevær m/50") from the U.S. government prior to 1964. Some were converted to the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a> Also purchased 20,000 M1s from Italy.<a href="#cite_note-gunsmag3-120">[116]</a> The rifle has now been phased out of service.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>: Received more than 1,365 M1s from the U.S. government until 1965 and 211 M1D sniper rifles.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a>: Received 20,700 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: Received 232,500 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in 1950–1964.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a> The M1 was known as the Fusil semi-automatique 7 mm 62 (C. 30) M. 1<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> (Semi-automatic rifle 7.62mm (calibre .30) M1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>: Captured from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, limited use in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201244-123">[119]</a> German designation was 7.62 mm Selbstladegewehr 251 (a)<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>: Received 46,750 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1965.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>: Received from the US after the <a href="/wiki/General_strike_of_1954" title="General strike of 1954">1954 general strike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: Received between 55,000 and 78,000 MS1s and a minor number of M1Cs from the U.S. government prior to 1971; some rifles also supplied from Italy.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1453-114">[110]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/46px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="293" /> <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Iran</a>: Received 165,490 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1964.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: Received up to 60,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: Used by the army from 1945. Beretta license-built 100,000 M1s from 1950 until the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Beretta_BM59" class="mw-redirect" title="Beretta BM59">BM59</a> in 1959.<a href="#cite_note-gunsmag3-120">[116]</a> Also received 232,000 M1s from the U.S. government between 1950 and 1970.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1453-114">[110]</a> The M1 Garand was known in the Italian Army as the Fucile «Garand» M1 cal. 7,62.<a href="#cite_note-ArmiEMezzi19553-126">[122]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a><a href="#cite_note-SAS_RCI_20123-127">[123]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>: Captured from American troops and eventually reversed-engineered as the <a href="/wiki/Type_4_rifle" title="Type 4 rifle">Type 4 rifle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>: Received an estimated 25,000-30,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1974.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Kingdom of Laos</a>: Received 36,270 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in 1950—1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a><a href="#cite_note-DoeEnahoro19853-129">[125]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: known as Geweer Garand 7,62mm in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Army">Dutch Army</a> and Geweer v/7,62 mm no. 2 S/aut in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Navy">Dutch Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>: Received 5000 M1 from the US 1954 MAP bought 1500 M1 from Canada<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>: Received possibly 150,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a><a href="#cite_note-gander19953-132">[128]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>: Received 30,750 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>: Received 34,530 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>: Received about 40,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1965. (designated "ปลยบ.88" (Type 88 Self-Loading rifle)) <a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: Received 38,000 as <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201259-37">[35]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a><a href="#cite_note-gander19953-132">[128]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>: Received 55,670 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> and <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>: (Largely captured and/or inherited from now-defunct Army of the Republic of Vietnam) Some used by the Viet Cong and the Viet Minh, taken from American, French and South Vietnamese forces/armories<a href="#cite_note-NVA3-133">[129]</a> with a few modified to make them compact.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>: Received 220,300 M1 and 520 M1C/M1D rifles from the U.S. government in 1950–1975.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_rifle_in_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/M1_rifle_in_Iraq.jpg/220px-M1_rifle_in_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/M1_rifle_in_Iraq.jpg/330px-M1_rifle_in_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/M1_rifle_in_Iraq.jpg/440px-M1_rifle_in_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. infantryman holding an M1 captured in Iraq, 2007</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-state_actors">Non-state actors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Non-state actors">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)">Iraqi insurgents</a><a href="#cite_note-FireArmBlog-134">[130]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/MNLF_flag.svg/23px-MNLF_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/MNLF_flag.svg/35px-MNLF_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/MNLF_flag.svg/46px-MNLF_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="217" /> <a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a>: Used by MNLF fighters.<a href="#cite_note-rifles1473-85">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Infoboxnpa.png/23px-Infoboxnpa.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Infoboxnpa.png/35px-Infoboxnpa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Infoboxnpa.png/45px-Infoboxnpa.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="133" /> <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_Badge.svg/20px-Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_Badge.svg/30px-Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_Badge.svg/40px-Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201268-138">[134]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gewehr_43" title="Gewehr 43">Gewehr 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_automatic_rifle" title="Howell automatic rifle">Howell automatic rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Army_weapons_by_supply_catalog_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation">List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation</a> SNL B-21</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_8" title="Remington Model 8">Remington Model 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVT-40" title="SVT-40">SVT-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_handgun_and_rifle_cartridges" title="Table of handgun and rifle cartridges">Table of handgun and rifle cartridges</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield">M1903 Springfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> United States Army rifle 1936-1958 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Officially designated as U.S. rifle, caliber .30, M1, later simply called Rifle, Caliber .30, M1, also called US Rifle, Cal. .30, M1 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Additional trials in 1930 found Bostonian Joseph White's rifles insufficiently robust.<a href="#cite_note-Walter143-27">[26]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> The servicing number does not include the Air Force, the Navy, or the police. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> South Korea was the only nation that profited by reselling the M1 rifles, which were provided through Military Assistance Program (MAP), to private companies as "antique collectibles". These sales were authorized by the U.S. government, but were technically illegal under the laws. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> U.S. Department of the Interior. (n.d.). Springfield Armory: The best battle implement ever devised (U.S. National Park Service). National Park Service. Retrieved 18 February 2023, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/springfieldarmoryww2.htm">https://www.nps.gov/articles/springfieldarmoryww2.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005120441/https://www.nps.gov/articles/springfieldarmoryww2.htm">Archived</a> 2022-10-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThompson2013" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Leroy (20 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LXKICwAAQBAJ">The M1903 Springfield Rifle</a>. Weapon 23. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780960111" title="Special:BookSources/9781780960111"><bdi>9781780960111</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+M1903+Springfield+Rifle&rft.series=Weapon+23&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft.isbn=9781780960111&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Leroy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLXKICwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Algeria-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Algeria_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/gazette-des-armes/numero-220-mars-1992/page-14-15-texte-integral">"L'armement français en A.F.N."</a> Gazette des Armes (in French). No. 220. March 1992. pp. 12–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazette+des+Armes&rft.atitle=L%27armement+fran%C3%A7ais+en+A.F.N.&rft.issue=220&rft.pages=12-16&rft.date=1992-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.1001mags.com%2Fparution%2Fgazette-des-armes%2Fnumero-220-mars-1992%2Fpage-14-15-texte-integral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcnab2002-4"><a href="#cite_ref-mcnab2002_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2002" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.). Kent: Grange Books. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84013-476-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84013-476-6"><bdi>978-1-84013-476-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=20th+Century+Military+Uniforms&rft.place=Kent&rft.pages=49&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Grange+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84013-476-6&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Quesada2009" class="citation book cs1">de Quesada, Alejandro (10 January 2009). The Bay of Pigs: Cuba 1961. Elite 166. Osprey Publishing. pp. 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-323-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-323-0"><bdi>978-1-84603-323-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bay+of+Pigs%3A+Cuba+1961&rft.series=Elite+166&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2009-01-10&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-323-0&rft.aulast=de+Quesada&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates1988" class="citation book cs1">Yates, Lawrence A. (July 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/bookshelves/resmat/dom_republic/Power_Pack-US_Intervention_Dominican_Republic_1965-1966.pdf">Power Pack: U.S. Intervention in the Dominican Republic, 1965-1966</a> (PDF). Leavenworth Papers, Number 15. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="United States Army Command and General Staff College">United States Army Command and General Staff College</a>. p. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+Pack%3A+U.S.+Intervention+in+the+Dominican+Republic%2C+1965-1966&rft.series=Leavenworth+Papers%2C+Number+15&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Command+and+General+Staff+College&rft.date=1988-07&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbookshelves%2Fresmat%2Fdom_republic%2FPower_Pack-US_Intervention_Dominican_Republic_1965-1966.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arabs-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Arabs_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaffin1982" class="citation book cs1">Laffin, John (15 June 1982). Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 1948–73. Men-at-Arms 128. Osprey Publishing. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-451-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-451-2"><bdi>978-0-85045-451-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Armies+of+the+Middle+East+Wars+1948%E2%80%9373&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+128&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1982-06-15&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-451-2&rft.aulast=Laffin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arabs2-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Arabs2_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz1988" class="citation book cs1">Katz, Sam (24 March 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabarmiesmiddle02katz">Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2)</a>. Men-at-Arms 128. Osprey Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabarmiesmiddle02katz/page/n38">40</a>–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-800-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-800-8"><bdi>978-0-85045-800-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Armies+of+the+Middle+East+Wars+%282%29&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+128&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1988-03-24&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-800-8&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabarmiesmiddle02katz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mult-9"><a href="#cite_ref-mult_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Taylor_(journalist)" title="Peter Taylor (journalist)">Taylor, Peter</a> (1997). 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The Small Arms Review. Vol. 7, no. 9. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallarmsreview.com/pdf/Berettatypee.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Small+Arms+Review&rft.atitle=The+Beretta+%22Type+E%22+Garand%2C+Variations+on+John+Garand%27s+Combat+Proven+M1&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2004-06&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallarmsreview.com%2Fpdf%2FBerettatypee.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2012" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Leroy (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k-C6CwAAQBAJ">The M1 Garand</a>. Oxford: Osprey. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-621-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-621-9"><bdi>978-1-84908-621-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+M1+Garand&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84908-621-9&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Leroy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk-C6CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biggerhammer.net/manuals/tm9100522212/M1GARA.PDF">"U.S. Department of the Army Technical Manual No. 9-1005-222-12"</a> (PDF). 17 March 1969. p. 13. 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Firearms News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.firearmsnews.com/editorial/m1-garand-rifle-what-made-it-great/391738">https://www.firearmsnews.com/editorial/m1-garand-rifle-what-made-it-great/391738</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoggWeeks1977" class="citation book cs1">Hogg, Ian V.; Weeks, John (1977). "US Rifle, Caliber .30in ('Garand'), M1-M1E9, MiC, M1D, T26". Military Small-Arms of the 20th Century (2nd ed.). London: Arms & Armour Press. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88254-436-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88254-436-6"><bdi>978-0-88254-436-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=US+Rifle%2C+Caliber+.30in+%28%27Garand%27%29%2C+M1-M1E9%2C+MiC%2C+M1D%2C+T26&rft.btitle=Military+Small-Arms+of+the+20th+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=183&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Arms+%26+Armour+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-88254-436-6&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Ian+V.&rft.au=Weeks%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/springfieldarmoryww2.htm">"The Best Battle Implement Ever Devised"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a>. 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St. James Press. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-405-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-405-4"><bdi>978-1-55862-405-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Firearms&rft.btitle=St.+James+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Culture&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-405-4&rft.aulast=Pendergast&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=Pendergast%2C+Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeijas" class="citation web cs1">Seijas, Bob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thegca.org/history-of-the-m1-garand-rifle/">"History of the M1 Garand Rifle"</a>. Garand Collectors Association. Retrieved 3 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Garand+Collectors+Association&rft.atitle=History+of+the+M1+Garand+Rifle&rft.aulast=Seijas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegca.org%2Fhistory-of-the-m1-garand-rifle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanfield2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Canfield, Bruce (28 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2016/4/28/the-m14-rifle-john-garand-s-final-legacy/">"The M14 Rifle: John Garand's Final Legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</a>. Retrieved 3 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=The+M14+Rifle%3A+John+Garand%27s+Final+Legacy&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanrifleman.org%2Farticles%2F2016%2F4%2F28%2Fthe-m14-rifle-john-garand-s-final-legacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatcher1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Hatcher" title="Julian Hatcher">Hatcher, Julian S.</a> (1983) [1948]. The Book of the Garand (Reprint ed.). Highland Park, New Jersey: Gun Room Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88227-014-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88227-014-1"><bdi>0-88227-014-1</bdi></a>. <q>Pronounced with the G hard as in go, and the stress on the first syllable, to rhyme with parent (except that the final sound is d instead of t).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Garand&rft.place=Highland+Park%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Gun+Room+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-88227-014-1&rft.aulast=Hatcher&rft.aufirst=Julian+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kOkLauZ-GBoC&pg=RA1-PA10">"The Development of the Garand"</a>. Armed Forces Talk. Washington, D.C.: Armed Forces Information and Education Division, Office of the Secretary of Defense. 18 January 1952. p. 10. Retrieved 2 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armed+Forces+Talk&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+the+Garand&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1952-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkOkLauZ-GBoC%26pg%3DRA1-PA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeefe_IV2012" class="citation web cs1">Keefe IV, Mark A. (12 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/garand-name-pronunciation-who-s-right/">"Garand Name Pronunciation: Who's Right?"</a>. American Rifleman. The National Rifle Association of America. Retrieved 2 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=Garand+Name+Pronunciation%3A+Who%27s+Right%3F&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.aulast=Keefe+IV&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanrifleman.org%2Fcontent%2Fgarand-name-pronunciation-who-s-right%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHambucken2020" class="citation book cs1">Hambucken, Denis (28 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TvjtDwAAQBAJ&dq=French+Canadian-born+Garand&pg=PA34">A G.I. in The Ardennes: The Battle of the Bulge</a>. Pen and Sword Military. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5621-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5621-3"><bdi>978-1-5267-5621-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+G.I.+in+The+Ardennes%3A+The+Battle+of+the+Bulge&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Military&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-5621-3&rft.aulast=Hambucken&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTvjtDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DFrench%2BCanadian-born%2BGarand%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rifles142-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rifles142_24-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter2006" class="citation book cs1">Walter, John (2006). Rifles of the World (3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89689-241-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89689-241-5"><bdi>978-0-89689-241-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rifles+of+the+World&rft.place=Iola%2C+WI&rft.pages=142&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-89689-241-5&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FitzV19-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FitzV19_25-0">^</a> Fitzsimons, op. cit., Volume 19, p. 2092, "Pedersen", describes the ammunition as "lubricated". </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatcher-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hatcher_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hatcher_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hatcher_26-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatcher1947" class="citation book cs1">Hatcher, Julian S. (1947). Hatcher's Notebook. Harrisburg, PA: Military Service Publishing Co. pp. 44–46, 155–156, 165–166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hatcher%27s+Notebook&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=44-46%2C+155-156%2C+165-166&rft.pub=Military+Service+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Hatcher&rft.aufirst=Julian+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walter143-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walter143_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walter143_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter2006" class="citation book cs1">Walter, John (2006). Rifles of the World (3rd ed.). 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Vol. 10. London: Phoebus. p. 1088.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Garand&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Twentieth+Century+Weapons+and+Warfare&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1088&rft.pub=Phoebus&rft.date=1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olive-drab.com/od_other_firearms_rifle_m1garand.php3">"Military Firearms: M1 Garand Rifle"</a>. Olive-Drab.com. 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American Rifleman. pp. 68–75 & 93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=The+First+Garands&rft.pages=68-75+%26+93&rft.date=2011-09&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Bruce+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Jerold E. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000unse_n0c7/page/286">Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Army</a>. Greenwood Press. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29322-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29322-1"><bdi>978-0-313-29322-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+U.S.+Army&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29322-1&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jerold+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000unse_n0c7%2Fpage%2F286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoggWeeks2000" class="citation book cs1">Hogg, Ian V.; Weeks, John S. (10 February 2000). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century (7th ed.). 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Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8370-4042-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8370-4042-5"><bdi>978-3-8370-4042-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hand+weapons%3A+a+reference+work+about+the+prey+weapons+of+the+Wehrmacht+%281942%29&rft.pub=Katalog+der+Deutschen+Nationalbibliothek&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-8370-4042-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd-nb.info%2F98918255x%2F04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+military+rifle+cartridges+of+Honduras+from+Cortez+to+zelaya.-a0270283844">"The military rifle cartridges of Honduras from Cortez to zelaya. - Free Online Library"</a>. www.thefreelibrary.com. 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Special Report No. 14 (in French). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a>, Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Prolifération et la Circulation Illicite des Armes Légères et de Petit Calibre and <a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_Survey" title="Small Arms Survey">Small Arms Survey</a>. p. 74. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/C-Special-reports/SAS-SR14-CoteIvoire.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Enqu%C3%AAte+nationale+sur+les+armes+l%C3%A9g%C3%A8res+et+de+petit+calibre+en+C%C3%B4te+d%27Ivoire%3A+les+d%C3%A9fis+du+contr%C3%B4le+des+armes+et+de+la+lutte+contre+la+violence+arm%C3%A9e+avant+la+crise+post-%C3%A9lectorale&rft.series=Special+Report+No.+14&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=UNDP%2C+Commission+Nationale+de+Lutte+contre+la+Prolif%C3%A9ration+et+la+Circulation+Illicite+des+Armes+L%C3%A9g%C3%A8res+et+de+Petit+Calibre+and+Small+Arms+Survey&rft.date=2012-04&rft.aulast=de+Tessi%C3%A8res&rft.aufirst=Savannah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallarmssurvey.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fdocs%2FC-Special-reports%2FSAS-SR14-CoteIvoire.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Phillip. Japanese Army of World War II. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-945-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-945-6"><bdi>978-0-85045-945-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+American+Wars+1959%E2%80%9389&rft.place=London&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+221&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-945-6&rft.aulast=Jurado&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Caballero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gander19953-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gander19953_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gander19953_132-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanderHogg1995" class="citation book cs1">Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V., eds. (May 1995). Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996 (21st ed.). Jane's Information Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7106-1241-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7106-1241-0"><bdi>978-0-7106-1241-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+Infantry+Weapons+1995%2F1996&rft.edition=21st&rft.pub=Jane%27s+Information+Group&rft.date=1995-05&rft.isbn=978-0-7106-1241-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NVA3-133"><a href="#cite_ref-NVA3_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottman2009" class="citation book cs1">Rottman, Gordon L. 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Warrior 135. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846033711" title="Special:BookSources/9781846033711"><bdi>9781846033711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Vietnamese+Army+Soldier+1958%E2%80%9375&rft.series=Warrior+135&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft.isbn=9781846033711&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiC21CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FireArmBlog-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FireArmBlog_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422071257/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/10/27/garands-of-the-shah-photo-essay/">"A Persian take on the M1"</a>. The Firearm Blog. 27 October 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/10/27/garands-of-the-shah-photo-essay/">the original</a> on 22 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Firearm+Blog&rft.atitle=A+Persian+take+on+the+M1&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirearmblog.com%2Fblog%2F2016%2F10%2F27%2Fgarands-of-the-shah-photo-essay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeniano2024" class="citation news cs1">Meniano, Sarwell (6 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1232776">"Another NPA arms cache unearthed in Samar"</a>. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 13 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Another+NPA+arms+cache+unearthed+in+Samar&rft.date=2024-09-06&rft.aulast=Meniano&rft.aufirst=Sarwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1232776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez2024" class="citation news cs1">Lopez, Alexander (17 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1233561">"16 NPA rebels yield, 2 killed in Caraga Region"</a>. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=16+NPA+rebels+yield%2C+2+killed+in+Caraga+Region&rft.date=2024-09-17&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1233561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShea2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Shea, Dan (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2407">"Improvised Weapons of the Irish Underground (Ulster)"</a>. Small Arms Review. Vol. 10, no. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+Arms+Review&rft.atitle=Improvised+Weapons+of+the+Irish+Underground+%28Ulster%29&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2007-03&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallarmsreview.com%2Fdisplay.article.cfm%3Fidarticles%3D2407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201268-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201268_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2012">Thompson 2012</a>, p. 68. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=7.62x51mm+NATO+U.S.+Navy+Garand+Rifles&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanrifleman.org%2Farticles%2F2013%2F12%2F23%2F762x51-mm-nato-us-navy-garand-rifles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112000000/http://www.fortmiles.org/intel/download/manuals/fm23_5.pdf">FM 23-5 Basic Field Manual U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: United States War Department. 1940. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortmiles.org/intel/download/manuals/fm23_5.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FM+23-5+Basic+Field+Manual+U.S.+Rifle%2C+Caliber+.30%2C+M1&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=United+States+War+Department&rft.date=1940&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortmiles.org%2Fintel%2Fdownload%2Fmanuals%2Ffm23_5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/FM23-51940/mode/2up">Alt URL</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartments_of_the_Army_and_the_Air_Force1951" class="citation book cs1">Departments of the Army and the Air Force (October 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fm-23.5-u.s.-rifle-caliber-.30-m1-1951">Field Manual, U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1</a>. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Manual%2C+U.S.+Rifle%2C+Caliber+.30%2C+M1&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1951-10&rft.au=Departments+of+the+Army+and+the+Air+Force&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffm-23.5-u.s.-rifle-caliber-.30-m1-1951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fulton-armory.com/faqs/M1G-FAQs/tea/m1serial.htm">"List of M1 Garand Serial Numbers By Month and Year"</a>. Fulton Armory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fulton+Armory&rft.atitle=List+of+M1+Garand+Serial+Numbers+By+Month+and+Year&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fulton-armory.com%2Ffaqs%2FM1G-FAQs%2Ftea%2Fm1serial.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/How_to_Shoot_the_US_Army_Rifle">"How to Shoot the U.S. Army Rifle (1943)"</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/spar/historyculture/garand-case-57.htm">"M1 Garand History"</a>. Springfield Armory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springfield+Armory&rft.atitle=M1+Garand+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fspar%2Fhistoryculture%2Fgarand-case-57.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JScDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68">"He Invented the World's Deadliest Rifle"</a>. Popular Science. Bonnier Corporation. December 1940. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=He+Invented+the+World%27s+Deadliest+Rifle&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1940-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJScDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww3.rediscov.com/spring/VFPCGI.exe?IDCFile=/spring/DETAILS.IDC,SPECIFIC=9556,DATABASE=42735596">"Collection Record: U.S. Rifle M1 .30 SN# 1"</a>. Springfield Armory Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springfield+Armory+Museum&rft.atitle=Collection+Record%3A+U.S.+Rifle+M1+.30+SN%23+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww3.rediscov.com%2Fspring%2FVFPCGI.exe%3FIDCFile%3D%2Fspring%2FDETAILS.IDC%2CSPECIFIC%3D9556%2CDATABASE%3D42735596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegca.org/">"The Garand Collectors Association (GCA)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Garand+Collectors+Association+%28GCA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegca.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM1+Garand" class="Z3988"> – United States Association, with members worldwide, dedicated to the research and documentation of the M1 Garand.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Rifle_Marksmanship_with_the_M1_Rifle">"Rifle Marksmanship with the M1 Rifle (1942)"</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Rifle-U.S.Cal.30M1">"Rifle - U.S. Cal. .30 M1 - Principles of Operation (1943)"</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield">M1903 Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Enfield" title="M1917 Enfield">M1917 Enfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M1 Garand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_carbine" title="M1 carbine">M1 carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1941_Johnson_rifle" title="M1941 Johnson rifle">M1941 Johnson rifle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a> and larger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1917 Browning machine gun">M1917 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_automatic_rifle" title="M1918 Browning automatic rifle">M1918 BAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">M1919 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1941_Johnson_machine_gun" title="M1941 Johnson machine gun">M1941 Johnson LMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_flamethrower" title="M2 flamethrower">M2 flamethrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1A1_Flamethrower" class="mw-redirect" title="M1A1 Flamethrower">M1A1 flamethrower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">12 Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.22_LR" class="mw-redirect" title=".22 LR">.22 LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.32_ACP" title=".32 ACP">.32 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.380_ACP" title=".380 ACP">.380 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_Special" title=".38 Special">.38 Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.30_carbine" title=".30 carbine">.30 carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 BMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="M1_Garand_derivatives" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:M1GarandderivativesNav" 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title="M14 rifle">M14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M21_Sniper_Weapon_System" title="M21 Sniper Weapon System">M21 Sniper Weapon System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M25_Sniper_Weapon_System" title="M25 Sniper Weapon System">M25 Sniper Weapon System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M39_Enhanced_Marksman_Rifle" title="M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle">M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M89SR_sniper_rifle" title="M89SR sniper rifle">M89SR sniper rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_14_Enhanced_Battle_Rifle" title="Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle">Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruger_Mini-14" title="Ruger Mini-14">Ruger Mini-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruger_XGI" title="Ruger XGI">Ruger XGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory_M1A" title="Springfield Armory M1A">Springfield Armory M1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_4_rifle" title="Type 4 rifle">Type 4 rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Designated_Marksman_Rifle" title="United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle">USMCDMR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&oldid=1258993447">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M1_Garand&oldid=1258993447</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:.30-06_Springfield_semi-automatic_rifles" title="Category:.30-06 Springfield semi-automatic rifles">.30-06 Springfield semi-automatic rifles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO_semi-automatic_rifles" title="Category:7.62×51mm 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