Forge Web Credentials: Web Cookies, Sub-technique T1606.001 - Enterprise

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang='en'> <head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-62667723-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-62667723-1'); </script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="2oJKLqNN62z6AOCb0A0IXGtbQuj-lev5YPAHFF_cbHQ"/> <meta charset='utf-8'> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no'> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel='shortcut icon' href='/theme/favicon.ico' type='image/x-icon'> <title>Forge Web Credentials: Web Cookies, Sub-technique T1606.001 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®</title>   <link rel='stylesheet' href='/theme/style/bootstrap.min.css' /> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/theme/style/bootstrap-tourist.css' /> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/theme/style/bootstrap-select.min.css' />  <link rel="stylesheet" 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Check out the <a href='https://medium.com/mitre-attack/attack-v16-561c76af94cf'>blog post</a> for more information. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/T1606">Forge Web Credentials</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Web Cookies</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> <span id="subtechnique-parent-name">Forge Web Credentials:</span> Web Cookies </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">  <div class="card-block pb-2"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header collapsed" id="subtechniques-card-header" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subtechniques-card-body" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="subtechniques-card-body"> <h5 class="mb-0" id ="sub-techniques">Other sub-techniques of Forge Web Credentials (2)</h5> </div> <div id="subtechniques-card-body" class="card-body p-0 collapse" aria-labelledby="subtechniques-card-header"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="active"> T1606.001 </td> <td class="active"> Web Cookies </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1606/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1606.002"> T1606.002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1606/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1606.002"> SAML Tokens </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may forge web cookies that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies to authenticate and authorize user access.</p><p>Adversaries may generate these cookies in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from <a href="/techniques/T1539">Steal Web Session Cookie</a> and other similar behaviors in that the cookies are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. Most common web applications have standardized and documented cookie values that can be generated using provided tools or interfaces.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019."data-reference="Pass The Cookie"><sup><a href="https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> The generation of web cookies often requires secret values, such as passwords, <a href="/techniques/T1552/004">Private Keys</a>, or other cryptographic seed values.</p><p>Once forged, adversaries may use these web cookies to access resources (<a href="/techniques/T1550/004">Web Session Cookie</a>), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."data-reference="Volexity SolarWinds"><sup><a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019."data-reference="Pass The Cookie"><sup><a href="https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."data-reference="Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1606.001 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-technique of: </span> <a href="/techniques/T1606">T1606</a> </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/tactics/TA0006">Credential Access</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>IaaS, Linux, SaaS, Windows, macOS </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors: </span>Jack Burns, HubSpot </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>1.1 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>17 December 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>19 September 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1606.001" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1606/001/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1606.001" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1606/001/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0024"> C0024 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0024"> SolarWinds Compromise </a> </td> <td> <p>During the <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0024">SolarWinds Compromise</a>, <a href="/groups/G0016">APT29</a> bypassed MFA set on OWA accounts by generating a cookie value from a previously stolen secret key.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."data-reference="Volexity SolarWinds"><sup><a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1047"> M1047 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1047"> Audit </a> </td> <td> <p>Administrators should perform an audit of all access lists and the permissions they have been granted to access web applications and services. This should be done extensively on all resources in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated resources. Suspicious accounts/credentials should be investigated and removed.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1054"> M1054 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1054"> Software Configuration </a> </td> <td> <p>Configure browsers/applications to regularly delete persistent web cookies.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0028"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0028">DS0028</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0028">Logon Session</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0028/#Logon%20Session%20Creation">Logon Session Creation</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for anomalous authentication activity, such as logons or other user session activity associated with unknown accounts. Monitor for unexpected and abnormal access to resources, including access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0006"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0006">DS0006</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0006">Web Credential</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0006/#Web%20Credential%20Usage">Web Credential Usage</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for the usage of unexpected or unusual cookies to access resources and services. Forged web cookies may be associated with unknown accounts and could be the result of compromised secrets such as passwords or <a href="/techniques/T1552/004">Private Keys</a>.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" target="_blank"> Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/" target="_blank"> Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="3.0"> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/" target="_blank"> Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner">  <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">×</div> </div> </div>  <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results">  </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&CK content v16.1Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> © 2015 - 2024, The MITRE Corporation. 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Forge Web Credentials: Web Cookies, Sub-technique T1606.001 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®