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mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_Nacional_de_la_Resistencia" title="Consejo Nacional de la Resistencia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consejo Nacional de la Resistencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Konsilio_de_la_Rezistado" title="Nacia Konsilio de la Rezistado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Konsilio de la Rezistado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="شورای ملی مقاومت فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورای ملی مقاومت فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_national_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Conseil national de la Résistance – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conseil national de la Résistance" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_national_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Conseil national de la Résistance – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conseil national de la Résistance" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Administrative organ of the French Resistance</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conseil_National_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Conseil_National_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance.jpg/500px-Conseil_National_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Conseil_National_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance.jpg/960px-Conseil_National_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3698" data-file-height="2785" /></a><figcaption>Members of the CNR after the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a>, September 1944. From left to right: Jacques Debû-Bridel (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Federation" title="Republican Federation">FR</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Villon" title="Pierre Villon">Pierre Villon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Front_National_(French_Resistance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Front National (French Resistance)">FN</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Tessier" title="Gaston Tessier">Gaston Tessier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Travailleurs_Chr%C3%A9tiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens">CFTC</a>), Robert Chambeiron (deputy secretary-general), Pascal Copeau (<i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Libération-Sud">Libération-Sud</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Laniel" title="Joseph Laniel">Joseph Laniel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alliance_D%C3%A9mocratique_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance Démocratique (France)">AD</a>), Jacques Lecomte-Boinet (<a href="/wiki/Ceux_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Ceux de la Résistance">CDLR</a>), <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Georges Bidault</a> (president), André Mutter, Henri Ribière (<i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord" title="Libération-Nord">Libération-Nord</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mayer" title="Daniel Mayer">Daniel Mayer</a> (<a href="/wiki/SFIO" class="mw-redirect" title="SFIO">SFIO</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_L%C3%A9vy_(resistance_leader)" title="Jean-Pierre Lévy (resistance leader)">Jean-Pierre Lévy</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Tireur_(movement)" title="Franc-Tireur (movement)">Franc-Tireur</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bastid" title="Paul Bastid">Paul Bastid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a>), Auguste Gillot (<a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a>), Pierre Meunier (secretary-general) and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Saillant" title="Louis Saillant">Louis Saillant</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(France)" title="General Confederation of Labour (France)">CGT</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>National Council of the Resistance</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Conseil National de la Résistance</i>; <b>CNR</b>; also, <b>National Resistance Council</b>) directed and coordinated the different movements of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Clandestine_press_of_the_French_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Clandestine press of the French Resistance">press</a>, trade unions and political parties hostile to the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a>, starting from mid-1943. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/250px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/330px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/500px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3663" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, circa 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Various <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance movements">resistance movements</a> had arisen in France since the start of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">German occupation</a> in June 1940. With the possible exception of the <i><a href="/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans" title="Francs-Tireurs et Partisans">Francs-Tireurs et Partisans</a></i> and other groups loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of France">Communist Party of France</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Maquis_(World_War_II)" title="Maquis (World War II)">maquis</a></i> groups were mostly unorganised and unrelated to one another. This lack of coordination made them less effective in their actions against the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> occupiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding">Founding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, exiled in London and recognized by the UK as <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle#French" title="Charles de Gaulle">leader</a> of <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a>, began forming a committee to unify the resistance movements. On 1 January 1942 he delegated this task to <a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin" title="Jean Moulin">Jean Moulin</a>. Moulin achieved the feat on 27 May 1943 with the first meeting of the Conseil National de la Résistance in the apartment of René Corbin on the second floor of 48, Rue du Four, in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. </p><p>Aside from Moulin and his two assistants, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Meunier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Meunier (page does not exist)">Pierre Meunier</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Meunier" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Meunier">fr</a>]</sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Chambeiron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Chambeiron (page does not exist)">Robert Chambeiron</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Chambeiron" class="extiw" title="fr:Robert Chambeiron">fr</a>]</span>, representatives of the eight main French resistance movements, members of six of France's major political parties and the two large pre-war trade unions all attended the Rue du Four meeting. </p><p>Representatives of the eight major resistance movements: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Villon" title="Pierre Villon">Pierre Villon</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Front_National_(French_Resistance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Front National (French Resistance)">Front National</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Coquoin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Coquoin (page does not exist)">Roger Coquoin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Coquoin" class="extiw" title="fr:Roger Coquoin">fr</a>]</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ceux_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Ceux de la Libération">Ceux de la Libération</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Lecompte-Boinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Lecompte-Boinet (page does not exist)">Jacques Lecompte-Boinet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lecompte-Boinet" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Lecompte-Boinet">fr</a>]</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ceux_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Ceux de la Résistance">Ceux de la Résistance</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Laurent" title="Charles Laurent">Charles Laurent</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord" title="Libération-Nord">Libération-Nord</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Copeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascal Copeau (page does not exist)">Pascal Copeau</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_Copeau" class="extiw" title="fr:Pascal Copeau">fr</a>]</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Libération-Sud">Libération-Sud</a></i>)</li> <li>Jacques-Henri Simon (<i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Civile_et_Militaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Civile et Militaire">Organisation Civile et Militaire</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bourdet" title="Claude Bourdet">Claude Bourdet</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Combat_(French_Resistance)" title="Combat (French Resistance)">Combat</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Claudius-Petit" title="Eugène Claudius-Petit">Eugène Claudius-Petit</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Tireur_(movement)" title="Franc-Tireur (movement)">Franc-Tireur</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>Under Jean Moulin's earlier influence, Combat, Franc-Tireur and Libération-Sud had already agreed to regroup themselves in January 1943 to create the <a href="/wiki/Mouvements_Unis_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvements Unis de la Résistance">Mouvements Unis de la Résistance</a>, with their joint military arms forming the <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Armée secrète">Armée secrète</a> (Secret Army). </p><p>Representatives of the two trade unions which had been outlawed with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Charter_of_the_4th_of_October" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Charter of the 4th of October">Labour Charter of the 4th of October</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Saillant" title="Louis Saillant">Louis Saillant</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_Travail" class="mw-redirect" title="Confédération Générale du Travail">Confédération générale du travail</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Tessier" title="Gaston Tessier">Gaston Tessier</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Travailleurs_Chr%C3%A9tiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens">Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>Representatives of the six main political parties of the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Mercier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Mercier (page does not exist)">André Mercier</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a></i> or PCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_Troquer" title="André Le Troquer">André Le Troquer</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">French Section of the Workers' International</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Rucart" title="Marc Rucart">Marc Rucart</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical-Socialists</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Georges Bidault</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Party_(France)" title="Popular Democratic Party (France)">Parti démocrate populaire</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Laniel" title="Joseph Laniel">Joseph Laniel</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">l'Alliance Démocratique</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Debu-Bridel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Debu-Bridel (page does not exist)">Jacques Debu-Bridel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Debu-Bridel" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Debu-Bridel">fr</a>]</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Republican_Federation" title="Republican Federation">Fédération républicaine</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrest_of_Jean_Moulin">Arrest of Jean Moulin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arrest of Jean Moulin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resistance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Resistance.jpg/250px-Resistance.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Resistance.jpg/330px-Resistance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Resistance.jpg/500px-Resistance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin" title="Jean Moulin">Jean Moulin</a> based on <i>iconic</i> photo with hat and scarf, <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine#Symbol_in_France" title="Cross of Lorraine">cross of Lorraine</a> in background</figcaption></figure> <p>However, shortly after the CNR's creation, its president Jean Moulin was arrested at <a href="/wiki/Caluire-et-Cuire" title="Caluire-et-Cuire">Caluire</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>. Over the next three days, Moulin was tortured by <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Barbie" title="Klaus Barbie">Klaus Barbie</a> himself, and died during his transfer to Germany. He divulged no information to his torturers and his silence likely allowed the CNR to pursue its activities. </p><p>After Moulin's capture and death, the <i>Conseil National de la Résistance</i> decided for security reasons to end its plenary sessions and created an executive office of five members, with each member representing his own group and two others. The new office was under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Parodi" title="Alexandre Parodi">Alexandre Parodi</a>, delegate-general, and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Georges Bidault</a>, the new president. On 9 September 1944 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Saillant" title="Louis Saillant">Louis Saillant</a> succeeded Bidault as head of the CNR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programme">Programme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 March 1944 the CNR adopted, after months of negotiations, the Programme of the Conseil National de la Résistance.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document was strongly influenced by communist groups like the <i><a href="/wiki/Front_National_(French_Resistance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Front National (French Resistance)">Front National</a></i>, especially in part II, "Measures to be taken immediately after the liberation of the territory", which envisioned the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a> in France after liberation. Some of the proposed measures were applied, at least to a certain extent, after <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">liberation</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> of energy (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> was founded in 1946), insurance companies (<a href="/wiki/AGF_(company)" title="AGF (company)">AGF</a> in 1945) and banks (<a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Lyonnais" title="Crédit Lyonnais">Crédit Lyonnais</a> in 1945, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a> in 1946), the creation of <a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">social security</a> programs and the independence of trade unions. They are many of the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Social_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Social rights">acquis sociaux</a></i> (social rights) of the second half of the 20th century in France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://schoolhistory.co.uk/notes/the-vichy-regime/">"Vichy Regime: Key Facts & Summary"</a>. <i>schoolhistory.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=schoolhistory.co.uk&rft.atitle=Vichy+Regime%3A+Key+Facts+%26+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fschoolhistory.co.uk%2Fnotes%2Fthe-vichy-regime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Council+of+the+Resistance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_of_the_Conseil_National_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" class="extiw" title="fr:Programme of the Conseil National de la Résistance">fr:Programme of the Conseil National de la Résistance</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/juppe_version1/HIST/HISTGVT2.HTM">List of members of the <i>Conseil National de la Résistance</i></a> from the archival web site of former French Prime Minister Alain Juppé,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060428044052/http://www.musee-resistance.com/officiel/visGuid/peuHist/d-CNR/pres.asp">Description of the <i>Conseil National de la Résistance</i></a> from the <i>Musée de la Résistance Nationale</i>,</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Programme_du_Conseil_national_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance"><i>Programme du Conseil National de la Résistance</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010301044540/http://notre.republique.free.fr/CNR.htm"><i>France Républicaine</i> - <i>Conseil National de la Résistance</i></a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/2003-05-27/2003-05-27-372850">Article in the magazine <i>l'Humanité</i></a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldh-toulon.net/article.php3?id_article=323"><i>Le Programme du Conseil National de la Résistance</i></a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Free_France&#124;link=Free_France_French_Resistance8094" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Free_France&#124;link=Free_France_French_Resistance8094" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France"><img alt="Free France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg/23px-Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg/35px-Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg/45px-Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="nowrap">  </span> <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian resistance">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian resistance">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech resistance">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian resistance">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_resistance_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian resistance during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Partisans" title="Macedonian Partisans">Macedonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Creation<br />and control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_during_World_War_II" title="Charles de Gaulle during World War II">Charles de Gaulle during World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_18_June" title="Appeal of 18 June">Appeal of 18 June</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Committee_of_Liberation" title="Departmental Committee of Liberation">Departmental Committee of Liberation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_Defense_Council" title="Empire Defense Council">Empire Defense Council</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_National_Committee" title="French National Committee">French National Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="French Committee of National Liberation">French Committee of National Liberation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Council of the Resistance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Consultative_Assembly" title="Provisional Consultative Assembly">Provisional Consultative Assembly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_Central_de_Renseignements_et_d%27Action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action">BCRA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_%C3%A9tudes_et_recherches" title="Direction générale des études et recherches">DGER</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Resistance.jpg/250px-Resistance.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">Free French Forces</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Air_Forces" title="Free French Air Forces">Air Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(France)" title="Army of Africa (France)">Army of Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Naval_Forces" title="Free French Naval Forces">Navy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">French Liberation Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Battles</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Kufra" title="Capture of Kufra">Koufra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_Hakeim" title="Battle of Bir Hakeim">Bir Hakeim</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Gazala</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1st_Free_French_Division" title="1st Free French Division">1st Free French Division</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Liberation" title="Companions of Liberation">Companions of Liberation</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_companions_of_the_Liberation" title="List of companions of the Liberation">List</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Londres" title="Radio Londres">Radio Londres</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Africa" title="Free French Africa">Free French Africa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_networks_and_movements_of_the_French_Resistance" title="List of networks and movements of the French Resistance">Domestic<br />operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_networks_and_movements_of_the_French_Resistance" title="List of networks and movements of the French Resistance"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="a Resistance 'movement' was for educating and organizing the population">Movements</span></a>:</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combat_(French_Resistance)" title="Combat (French Resistance)">Combat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Tireur_(movement)" title="Franc-Tireur (movement)">Franc-Tireur</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans" title="Francs-Tireurs et Partisans">Francs-Tireurs et Partisans</a></i></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Main-d%27%C5%93uvre_immigr%C3%A9e" title="Main-d'œuvre immigrée">FTP–Foreign Labour Force</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Forces_of_the_Interior" title="French Forces of the Interior">French Forces of the Interior</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord" title="Libération-Nord">Libération-Nord</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Libération-Sud">Libération-Sud</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvements_unis_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Mouvements unis de la Résistance">Mouvements unis</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme" title="Groupe du musée de l'Homme">Musée de l'Homme</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(French_Resistance)" title="National Front (French Resistance)">National Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ceux_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Ceux de la Libération">Ceux de la Libération</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ceux_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Ceux de la Résistance">Ceux de la Résistance</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_networks_and_movements_of_the_French_Resistance" title="List of networks and movements of the French Resistance"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="a Resistance 'network' had specific military goals: intelligence, sabotage, etc.">Networks</span></a>:</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alibi_Network" title="Alibi Network">Alibi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_network_(French_resistance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance network (French resistance)">Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_de_r%C3%A9sistance_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e" title="Organisation de résistance de l'armée">Organisation de résistance de l'armée</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Network" title="Brutus Network">Brutus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comet_Line" title="Comet Line">Comet Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_de_lib%C3%A9ration_du_cin%C3%A9ma_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Comité de libération du cinéma français">CdL Cinéma</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Committee_of_Liberation" title="Departmental Committee of Liberation">CLD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance-Fer" title="Résistance-Fer">Fer</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klan_Network" title="Klan Network">Klan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mithridate_Network" title="Mithridate Network">Mithridate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_Morhange" title="Réseau Morhange">Morhange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Confr%C3%A9rie_Notre-Dame" title="Confrérie Notre-Dame">Confrérie Notre-Dame</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Others:</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Armée secrète">Armée secrète</a></i></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_civile_et_militaire" title="Organisation civile et militaire">Organisation civile et militaire</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jade-Amicol_network" title="Jade-Amicol network">Jade-Amicol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jade-Fitzroy_network" title="Jade-Fitzroy network">Jade-Fitzroy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maquis_(World_War_II)" title="Maquis (World War II)">Maquis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maquis_du_Vercors" class="mw-redirect" title="Maquis du Vercors">Vercors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_French_Resistance" title="Women in the French Resistance">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Housewives%27_demonstrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Housewives' demonstrations">Housewives' demonstrations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Union_des_femmes_fran%C3%A7aises" class="mw-redirect" title="Union des femmes françaises">Union des femmes françaises</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Underground_media_in_German-occupied_France" title="Underground media in German-occupied France">Underground<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bir-Hakeim_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bir-Hakeim (newspaper) (page does not exist)">Bir-Hakeim</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir-Hakeim_(journal_clandestin)" class="extiw" title="fr:Bir-Hakeim (journal clandestin)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulletin_(clandestine_press)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulletin (clandestine press) (page does not exist)">Bulletin</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_(r%C3%A9sistance)" class="extiw" title="fr:Bulletin (résistance)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Combat_(newspaper)" title="Combat (newspaper)">Combat</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9fense_de_la_France" title="Défense de la France">Défense de la France</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89ditions_de_Minuit" title="Les Éditions de Minuit">Les Éditions de Minuit</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Espoir_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Espoir (newspaper) (page does not exist)">L'Espoir</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Espoir_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Espoir (journal)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Tireur_(movement)" title="Franc-Tireur (movement)">Franc-Tireur</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(French_Resistance)" title="National Front (French Resistance)">Front National</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Humanit%C3%A9" title="L'Humanité">L'Humanité</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Lettres_Fran%C3%A7aises" title="Les Lettres Françaises">Les Lettres Françaises</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lib%C3%A9ration_(nord,_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libération (nord, newspaper) (page does not exist)">Libération (nord)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_(journal_de_Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord)" class="extiw" title="fr:Libération (journal de Libération-Nord)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_(newspaper,_1941%E2%80%931964)" title="Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)">Libération (sud)</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9sistance_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Résistance (journal) (page does not exist)">Résistance</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:Résistance (journal)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9moignage_chr%C3%A9tien" class="mw-redirect" title="Témoignage chrétien">Témoignage chrétien</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Vérité française (page does not exist)">La Vérité française</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7aise" class="extiw" title="fr:La Vérité française">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord" title="La Voix du Nord">La Voix du Nord</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Africa" title="Free French Africa">Free<br />French<br />Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville_Conference" title="Brazzaville Conference">Brazzaville Conference</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville_manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazzaville manifesto">Brazzaville manifesto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">French Chad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_Defense_Council" title="Empire Defense Council">Empire Defense Council</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Africa" title="Free French Africa">Free French Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">French Cameroon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">French Congo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Gabon">French Gabon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_battalion" title="March battalion">March battalions</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_March_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First March Battalion (page does not exist)">First</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataillon_de_marche_n%C2%B0_1" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataillon de marche n° 1">fr</a>]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_March_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second March Battalion (page does not exist)">Second</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataillon_de_marche_n%C2%B0_2" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataillon de marche n° 2">fr</a>]</sup></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marie" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Marie">Operation Marie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ubangi-Shari" title="Ubangi-Shari">Ubangi-Shari</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation<br />of France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1er_Bataillon_de_Fusiliers_Marins_Commandos" title="1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos">Kieffer commandos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">French Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(France)" title="1st Army (France)">1st Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(France)" title="2nd Armored Division (France)">2nd DB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Lattre_de_Tassigny" title="Jean de Lattre de Tassigny">General de Lattre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque" title="Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque">General Leclerc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Strasbourg" title="Liberation of Strasbourg">Liberation of Strasbourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin" title="Jean Moulin">Jean Moulin</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_d%27Astier_de_La_Vigerie" title="Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie">Emmanuel d'Astier</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Brossolette" title="Pierre Brossolette">Pierre Brossolette</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delestraint" title="Charles Delestraint">Charles Delestraint</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Frenay" title="Henri Frenay">Henri Frenay</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Madeleine_Fourcade" title="Marie-Madeleine Fourcade">Marie-Madeleine Fourcade</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_L%C3%A9vy_(resistance_leader)" title="Jean-Pierre Lévy (resistance leader)">Jean-Pierre Lévy</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Villon" title="Pierre Villon">Pierre Villon</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_Resistance_museums_and_memorials" title="List of French Resistance museums and memorials">Museums and<br />Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Liberation" title="Order of Liberation">Order of Liberation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companions_of_the_Liberation" title="List of companions of the Liberation">Companions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Medal" title="Resistance Medal">Resistance Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Medal of the Righteous</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_la_France_combattante" title="Mémorial de la France combattante">Mémorial de la France combattante</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_National_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of National Resistance">Museum of National Resistance</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance_nationale" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée de la Résistance nationale">fr</a>]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_Resistance_museums_and_memorials" title="List of French Resistance museums and memorials">Museums and memorials</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Ordre_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération">Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_France_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free France Foundation (page does not exist)">Free France Foundation</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_de_la_France_libre" class="extiw" title="fr:Fondation de la France libre">fr</a>]</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">Portal</a></li><li>Categories: (<a href="/wiki/Category:French_Resistance" title="Category:French Resistance">French Resistance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_the_French_Resistance" title="Category:Films about the French Resistance">Films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Resistance_members" title="Category:French Resistance members">Members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Resistance_networks_and_movements" title="Category:French Resistance networks and movements">Networks and movements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Category:French Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Free_France&#124;link=Free_France_Liberation_of_France984" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberation_of_France" title="Template:Liberation of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberation_of_France" title="Template talk:Liberation of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberation_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberation of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Free_France&#124;link=Free_France_Liberation_of_France984" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France"><img alt="Free France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Belgium" title="Liberation of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II#Liberation" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#Liberation" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway#Liberation" title="German occupation of Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><span style="padding:0 4.5em">Forces</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(France)" title="Army of Africa (France)">Army of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_Bataillon_de_Fusiliers_Marins_Commandos" title="1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos">Commando Kieffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(France)" title="1st Army (France)">First Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Corps_(France)" title="Cavalry Corps (France)">Cavalry Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Army_Corps_(France)" title="3rd Army Corps (France)">3rd Army Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Army_Corps_(France)" title="4th Army Corps (France)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Army_Corps_(France)" title="5th Army Corps (France)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(France)" title="1st Armored Division (France)">1st Armored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Infantry_Division_(France)" title="32nd Infantry Division (France)">32nd Infantry</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans" title="Francs-Tireurs et Partisans">Francs-Tireurs et Partisans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Forces_of_the_Interior" title="French Forces of the Interior">French Forces of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">French Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Expeditionary_Corps_(1943%E2%80%9344)" title="French Expeditionary Corps (1943–44)">French Expeditionary Corps</a> Divisions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Free_French_Division" title="1st Free French Division">1st Free French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Moroccan_Infantry_Division" title="2nd Moroccan Infantry Division">2nd Moroccan Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Algerian_Infantry_Division" title="3rd Algerian Infantry Division">3rd Algerian Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Moroccan_Mountain_Division" title="4th Moroccan Mountain Division">4th Moroccan Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(France)" title="2nd Army (France)">Second Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Forces_of_the_West" title="French Forces of the West">French Forces of the West</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Free_France_(1940-1944).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><span style="padding:0 4.23em">Leaders</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin" title="Jean Moulin">Jean Moulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Giraud" title="Henri Giraud">Henri Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_O._Barton" title="Raymond O. Barton">Raymond O. Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque" title="Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque">Philippe Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Lattre_de_Tassigny" title="Jean de Lattre de Tassigny">Jean de Lattre de Tassigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kieffer" title="Philippe Kieffer">Philippe Kieffer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><span style="padding:0 2.6em">Administration</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Defense_Council" title="Empire Defense Council">Empire Defense Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Civil_and_Military_High_Command" title="French Civil and Military High Command">French Civil and Military High Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National_Committee" title="French National Committee">French National Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="French Committee of National Liberation">French Committee of National Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Consultative_Assembly" title="Provisional Consultative Assembly">Provisional Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">French<br />campaign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Nov <a href="/wiki/1940_in_France" title="1940 in France">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabon" title="Battle of Gabon">Battle of Gabon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Jun <a href="/wiki/1941_in_France" title="1941 in France">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Dec 1941</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Nov <a href="/wiki/1942_in_France" title="1942 in France">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Battle of Réunion">Battle of Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Sept <a href="/wiki/1943_in_France" title="1943 in France">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_Corsica#Liberation" title="Italian occupation of Corsica">Liberation of Corsica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Jan <a href="/wiki/1944_in_France" title="1944 in France">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vercors" title="Battle of Vercors">Battle of Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maquis_des_Gli%C3%A8res" title="Maquis des Glières">Battle of Glières</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">March 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maquis_du_Limousin" title="Maquis du Limousin">Liberation of Limousin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">May 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maquis_du_Mont_Mouchet" title="Maquis du Mont Mouchet">Battle of Mont Mouchet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Jun 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carentan" title="Battle of Carentan">Battle of Carentan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cherbourg" title="Battle of Cherbourg">Battle of Cherbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Caen" title="Battle for Caen">Battle for Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maquis_du_Limousin" title="Maquis du Limousin">Liberation of Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle_massacre" title="Tulle massacre">Tulle massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Gu%C3%A9ret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Guéret (page does not exist)">Liberation of Guéret</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_de_Gu%C3%A9ret" class="extiw" title="fr:Libération de Guéret">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oradour-sur-Glane_massacre" title="Oradour-sur-Glane massacre">Oradour-sur-Glane massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maquis_de_Saint-Marcel" title="Maquis de Saint-Marcel">Maquis de Saint-Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maquis_de_Saffr%C3%A9" title="Maquis de Saffré">Maquis de Saffré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1944)" title="Battle of Ushant (1944)">Battle of Ushant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">July 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Battle of Saint-Lô">Liberation of Saint-Lô</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mont_Gargan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mont Gargan (page does not exist)">Battle of Mont Gargan</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_du_Mont_Gargan" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille du Mont Gargan">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aug 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brittany" title="Battle for Brittany">Battle for Brittany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Rennes" title="Liberation of Rennes">Rennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Malo" title="Battle of Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">Liberation of Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_pockets" title="Atlantic pockets">Atlantic pockets</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorient#World_War_II" title="Lorient">Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_pocket" title="Saint-Nazaire pocket">Saint-Nazaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lioran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lioran (page does not exist)">Lioran</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_du_Lioran" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille du Lioran">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_%C3%89gletons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Égletons (page does not exist)">Égletons</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_d%27%C3%89gletons" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille d'Égletons">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Cros" title="Battle of Port Cros">Battle of Port Cros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Ciotat" title="Battle of La Ciotat">Battle of La Ciotat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Provence landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toulon_(1944)" title="Battle of Toulon (1944)">Liberation of Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marseille" title="Battle of Marseille">Liberation of Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maill%C3%A9_massacre" title="Maillé massacre">Maillé massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Gu%C3%A9ret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Guéret (page does not exist)">Liberation of Guéret</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_de_Gu%C3%A9ret" class="extiw" title="fr:Libération de Guéret">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mont%C3%A9limar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Montélimar (page does not exist)">Battle of Montélimar</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Mont%C3%A9limar" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille de Montélimar">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Nice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Nice (page does not exist)">Liberation of Nice</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_de_Nice" class="extiw" title="fr:Libération de Nice">fr</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Sept 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nancy_(1944)" title="Battle of Nancy (1944)">Liberation of Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Astonia" title="Operation Astonia">Operation Astonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Undergo" title="Operation Undergo">Operation Undergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_pockets" title="Atlantic pockets">Atlantic pockets</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Allied siege of La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royan_pocket" title="Royan pocket">Royan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dunkirk_(1944%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Dunkirk (1944–45)">Dunkirk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arracourt" title="Battle of Arracourt">Battle of Arracourt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Meximieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Meximieux (page does not exist)">Battle of Meximieux</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Meximieux" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille de Meximieux">fr</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Nov 1944 -<br />March 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alsace" title="Battle of Alsace">Battle of Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Strasbourg" title="Liberation of Strasbourg">Liberation of Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar_Pocket" title="Colmar Pocket">Colmar Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Bitche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Bitche (page does not exist)">Bitche</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_de_Bitche_en_1945" class="extiw" title="fr:Libération de Bitche en 1945">fr</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Apr <a href="/wiki/1945_in_France" title="1945 in France">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_pockets" title="Atlantic pockets">Atlantic pockets</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royan_pocket" title="Royan pocket">Royan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">May 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_pockets" title="Atlantic pockets">Atlantic pockets</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dunkirk_(1944%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Dunkirk (1944–45)">Dunkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Allied siege of La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorient#World_War_II" title="Lorient">Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_pocket" title="Saint-Nazaire pocket">Saint-Nazaire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><span style="padding:0 3.8em">Aftermath</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">End of Vichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France#Elections_of_May_1945" title="Liberation of France">1945 municipal elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line_campaign" title="Siegfried Line campaign">Advance to the Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Invasion of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">End of World War II in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">Victory in Europe Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(9_May)" title="Victory Day (9 May)">Victory Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89puration_l%C3%A9gale" title="Épuration légale">Épuration légale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_of_Nazi_collaborators#France" title="Pursuit of Nazi collaborators">Épuration sauvage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tripartisme" title="Tripartisme">Tripartisme</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1946_French_legislative_election" title="June 1946 French legislative election">1946 legislative election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trente_Glorieuses" title="Trente Glorieuses">Trente Glorieuses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain#Trial_in_High_Court" title="Philippe Pétain">Trial of Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Barbie#Extradition,_trial_and_death" title="Klaus Barbie">Klaus Barbie trial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">WW II theatres</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Sino Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q553643#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata761" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q553643#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata761" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q553643#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121635599">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/136942053">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88059956">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007267638505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02769254X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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