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mw-first-heading">Indian numbering system</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" > 22 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ভারতীয় সংখ্যা পদ্ধতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় সংখ্যা পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3_%C3%ADndia" title="Numeració índia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Numeració índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Zahlschrift" title="Indische Zahlschrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indische Zahlschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ινδικό σύστημα αρίθμησης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδικό σύστημα αρίθμησης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3n_india" title="Numeración india – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Numeración india" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num%C3%A9ration_indienne" title="Numération indienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Numération indienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%96%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF" title="ભારતીય સંખ્યા પ્રણાલિ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય સંખ્યા પ્રણાલિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9D_%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%98%EB%B2%95" title="인도식 기수법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도식 기수법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय संख्या प्रणाली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय संख्या प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indverskt_talnakerfi" title="Indverskt talnakerfi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indverskt talnakerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_di_numerazione_indiano" title="Sistema di numerazione indiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema di numerazione indiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeratio_Indica" title="Numeratio Indica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Numeratio Indica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय सङ्ख्या प्रणाली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय सङ्ख्या प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 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hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ପ୍ରଣାଳି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="برصغیر اعدادی نظام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برصغیر اعدادی نظام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_indiana" title="Numeração indiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Numeração indiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian convention of naming large numbers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> The Indian numbering system is used in <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> to express large numbers. Commonly used quantities include <a href="/wiki/Lakh" title="Lakh">lakh</a> (one hundred thousand) and <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a> (ten million) – written as 1,00,000 and 1,00,00,000 respectively in some <a href="/wiki/Locale_(geographic)" title="Locale (geographic)">locales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nroer-1">[1]</a> For example: 150,000 <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">rupees</a> is "1.5 lakh rupees" which can be written as "1,50,000 rupees", and 30,000,000 (thirty million) rupees is referred to as "3 crore rupees" which can be written as "3,00,00,000 rupees". There are names for numbers larger than crore, but they are less commonly used. These include arab (100 crore, 1 billion), kharab (100 arab, 100 billion), nil or sometimes <a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">transliterated</a> as neel (100 kharab, 10 trillion), padma (100 nil, 1 quadrillion), shankh (100 padma, 100 quadrillion), and mahashankh (100 shankh, 10 quintillion). In common parlance (though inconsistent), the lakh and crore terminology repeats for larger numbers. Thus lakh crore is 1 trillion. In the ancient Indian system, still in use in regional languages of India, there are words for (1062). These names respectively starting at 1000 are sahasra, ayuta, laksha, niyuta, koti, arbhudha, abhja, karva, nikarva, mahapadma, shanmkhu, jaladhi, amtya, madhya, paraardha. In the Indian system, now prevalent in the northern parts,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] the next powers of ten are one lakh, ten lakh, one crore, ten crore, one arab (or one hundred crore), and so on. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multiples">Multiples</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Multiples">edit</a>]</div> The Indian system is <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> (base-10), same as in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a>, and the first five <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of magnitude">orders of magnitude</a> are named in a similar way: one (100), ten (101), one hundred (102), one thousand (103), and ten thousand (104). For higher powers of ten, naming diverges. The Indian system uses names for every second power of ten: lakh (105), crore (107), arab (109), kharab (1011), etc. In the two Western systems, <a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">long and short scales</a>, there are names for every third power of ten. The short scale uses million (106), billion (109), trillion (1012), etc. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decimal_formatting">Decimal formatting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Decimal formatting">edit</a>]</div> The Indian system groups digits of a large decimal representation differently than the US and other English-speaking regions. The Indian system does group the first three digits to the left of the decimal point. But thereafter, groups by two digits to align with the naming of quantities at multiples of 100.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:both;margin:1em auto;text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Indian </th> <th>US </th></tr> <tr> <td>5,00,000 </td> <td>500,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12,34,56,789 </td> <td>123,456,789 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17,00,00,00,000 </td> <td>17,000,000,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6,78,90,00,00,00,00,000 </td> <td>6,789,000,000,000,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> Like English and other locales, the Indian system uses a <a href="/wiki/Period_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (punctuation)">period</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Decimal_separator" title="Decimal separator">decimal separator</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comma_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comma (punctuation)">comma</a> for grouping. Some Western numbering systems use a comma for decimal separator and a <a href="/wiki/Thin_space" title="Thin space">thin space</a> or point to group digits.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronunciation_in_English">Pronunciation in English</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation in English">edit</a>]</div> When speakers of indigenous Indian languages are speaking English, the pronunciations may be closer to their mother tongue; e.g. "lakh" and "crore" might be pronounced /lɑkʰ/, /kɑrɔːr/, respectively. <ul><li>lakh /lɑːkʰ/</li> <li>crore /kɹɔːɹ/ (or /kɹoʊɹ/ in American English)</li> <li>arab /ʌˈɾʌb/</li> <li>kharab /kʰʌˈɾʌb/</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_of_numbers">Names of numbers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Names of numbers">edit</a>]</div> The table below includes the spelling and pronunciation of numbers in various Indian languages along with corresponding short scale names. <div style="overflow:auto"> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:both;margin:1em auto;text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Value </th> <th>Short scale </th> <th>Indian English </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1 </td> <td>one </td> <td>one </td> <td>एक / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایک (ēk) </td> <td>एक (ēk) </td> <td>এক (êk) </td> <td>ଏକ (ekå) </td> <td>एक (ēk) </td> <td>ஒன்று (oṉṟu) </td> <td>ఒకటి (okaṭi) </td> <td>ಒಂದು (ಬಿಡಿ) (ondu) </td> <td>ഒന്ന് (onn) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">10 </td> <td>ten </td> <td>ten </td> <td>दस / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس (das) </td> <td>दहा (dahā) </td> <td>দশ (dôś) </td> <td>ଦଶ (dåśå) </td> <td>दश (daś) </td> <td>பத்து (pattu) </td> <td>పది (padi) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು (hattu) </td> <td>പത്ത് (patt) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">102 </td> <td>hundred </td> <td>hundred </td> <td>सौ / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سو (sau) </td> <td>शंभर (śambhar) </td> <td>শত (śato) </td> <td>ଶହେ (śåhe) </td> <td>सय (saya) </td> <td>நூறு (nūṟu) </td> <td>వంద/నూరు (vanda/nūru) </td> <td>ನೂರು (nūru) </td> <td>നൂറ് (nuṟ) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">103 </td> <td>thousand </td> <td>thousand </td> <td>हज़ार / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ہزار (hazār) </td> <td>एक हजार (ēk hajār) </td> <td>হাজার (hāzār) </td> <td>ହଜାର (håjārå) ସହସ୍ର (såhåsrå) </td> <td>एक हजार (ēk hajār) </td> <td>ஆயிரம் (āyiram) </td> <td>వెయ్యి (veyyi) </td> <td>ಸಾವಿರ (sāvira) </td> <td>ആയിരം (āyiraṁ) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">104 </td> <td>ten thousand </td> <td>ten thousand </td> <td>दस हज़ार / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس ہزار (das hazār) </td> <td>दहा हजार (dahā hajār) </td> <td>অযুত (ōjut) দশ হাজার (dôś hāzār) </td> <td>ଦଶ ହଜାର (dåśå håjārå) ଅୟୁତ (åyutå) </td> <td>दश हजार (daś hajār) </td> <td>பத்தாயிரம் (pattāyiram) ஆயுதம் (āyutam) </td> <td>పది వేలు (padi vēlu) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ (ಅಯುತ) (hattu sāvira) </td> <td>പതിനായിരം (patināyiraṁ) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">105 </td> <td>hundred thousand </td> <td>lakh </td> <td>लाख / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لاکھ (lākh) </td> <td>एक लाख (ēk lākh) </td> <td>লক্ষ (lôkkhō) লাখ (lākh) </td> <td>ଲକ୍ଷ (låkṣå) </td> <td>एक लाख (ēk lākh) </td> <td>இலட்சம் (ilaṭcam) நியுதம் (niyutam) </td> <td>లక్ష (lakṣa) </td> <td>ಲಕ್ಷ (lakṣa) </td> <td>ലക്ഷം (lakṣaṁ) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">106 </td> <td>million </td> <td>ten lakh </td> <td>दस लाख / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس لاکھ (das lākh) </td> <td>दहा लाख (dahā lākh) </td> <td>নিযুত (nijut) দশ লাখ (dôś lākh) </td> <td>ଦଶ ଲକ୍ଷ (dåśå låkṣå) ନିୟୁତ (niyutå) </td> <td>दश लाख (daś lākh) </td> <td>பத்து இலட்சம் (pattu ilaṭcam) </td> <td>పది లక్షలు (padi lakṣalu) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು ಲಕ್ಷ (ನಿಯುತ) (hattu lakṣa) </td> <td>പത്തുലക്ഷം (pattulakṣaṁ) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">107 </td> <td>ten million </td> <td>crore </td> <td>करोड़ / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کروڑ (karōṛ) </td> <td>एक कोटी (ēk kōṭī) </td> <td>কোটি (kōṭi) </td> <td>କୋଟି (koṭi) </td> <td>एक करोड (ēk karoḍ) </td> <td>கோடி (kōṭi) </td> <td>కోటి (kōṭi) </td> <td>ಕೋಟಿ (kōṭi) </td> <td>കോടി (kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">108 </td> <td>hundred million </td> <td>ten crore </td> <td>दस करोड़ / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس کروڑ (das karōṛ) </td> <td>दहा कोटी (dahā kōṭī) </td> <td>অর্বুদ (ōrbud) দশ কোটি (dôś kōṭi) </td> <td>ଦଶ କୋଟି (dåśå koṭi) ଅର୍ବୁଦ (årbudå) </td> <td>दश करोड (daś karoḍ) </td> <td>அற்புதம் (aṟputam) </td> <td>పది కోట్లు (padi kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು ಕೋಟಿ (ಅರ್ಭುಧ) (hattu kōṭi) </td> <td>പത്തുകോടി (pattukōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">109 </td> <td>billion </td> <td>arab / hundred crore </td> <td>अरब / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ارب (arab) सौ करोड़ / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سو کروڑ (sau karōṛ) </td> <td>एक अब्ज (ēk abja) </td> <td>মহার্বুদ (môhārbud) একশ কোটি (êkśō kōṭi) </td> <td>ଶହେ କୋଟି (śåhe koṭi) ବୃନ୍ଦ (brundå) </td> <td>एक अर्ब (ēk arba) </td> <td>நிகற்புதம் (nikaṟputam) </td> <td>వంద కోట్లు (vanda kōṭlu) </td> <td>ನೂರು ಕೋಟಿ (ಅಭ್ಜ) (nūru kōṭi) </td> <td>നൂറുകോടി (nūṟukōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1010 </td> <td>ten billion </td> <td>ten arab / thousand crore </td> <td>दस अरब / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس ارب (das arab) एक हज़ार करोड़ / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایک ہزار کروڑ (ēk hazār karōṛ) </td> <td>एक खर्व (ek kharva) </td> <td>খর্ব (khôrbō) হাজার কোটি (hāzār kōṭi) </td> <td>ହଜାର କୋଟି (håjārå koṭi) ଖର୍ବ (khårbå) </td> <td>दश अर्ब (daś arba) </td> <td>கும்பம் (kumpam) </td> <td>వెయ్యి కోట్లు (veyyi kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಒಂದು ಸಾವಿರ ಕೋಟಿ (ಕರ್ವ) (ondu sāvira kōṭi) </td> <td>ആയിരം കോടി (āyiraṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1011 </td> <td>hundred billion </td> <td>kharab / hundred arab / ten thousand crore </td> <td>खरब / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کھرب (kharab) </td> <td>एक निखर्व (ek nikharva) </td> <td>মহাখর্ব (môhākhôrbō) দশ হাজার কোটি (dôś hājār kōṭi) </td> <td>ଦଶ ହଜାର କୋଟି (dåśå håjārå koṭi) ନିଖର୍ବ (nikhårbå) </td> <td>एक खर्ब (ēk kharba) </td> <td>கணம் (kaṇam) </td> <td>పది వేల కోట్లు (padi vēla kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ ಕೋಟಿ (ನಿಕರ್ವ) (hattu sāvira kōṭi) </td> <td>പതിനായിരം കോടി (patināyiraṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1012 </td> <td>trillion </td> <td>ten kharab / one thousand arab / one lakh crore </td> <td>दस खरब / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس کھرب (das kharab) एक लाख करोड़ / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایک لاکھ کروڑ (ēk lākh karōṛ) </td> <td>एक पद्म (ēk padma) </td> <td>শঙ্খ (śôṅkhō) লাখ কোটি (lākh kōṭi) </td> <td>ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି (låkṣå koṭi) ଶଙ୍ଖ (śåṅkhå) </td> <td>दश खर्ब (daś kharba) </td> <td>கற்பம் (kaṟpam) </td> <td>లక్ష కోట్లు (lakṣa kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಒಂದು ಲಕ್ಷ ಕೋಟಿ (ಮಹಾಪದ್ಮ) (ondu lakṣa kōṭi) </td> <td>ഒരു ലക്ഷം കോടി (oru lakṣaṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1013 </td> <td>ten trillion </td> <td>nil / hundred kharab / ten thousand arab / ten lakh crore </td> <td>नील / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نیل (nīl) </td> <td>एक महापद्म (ek mahāpadma) </td> <td>মহাশঙ্খ (môhāśôṅkhō) দশ লাখ কোটি (dôś lākh kōṭi) </td> <td>ଦଶ ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି (dåśå låkṣå koṭi) ପଦ୍ମ (pådmå) </td> <td>नील (nīl) </td> <td>நிகற்பம் (nikaṟpam) </td> <td>పది లక్షల కోట్లు (padi lakṣala kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು ಲಕ್ಷ ಕೋಟಿ (ಶಂಖು) (hattu lakṣa kōṭi) </td> <td>പത്തുലക്ഷം കോടി (pattulakṣaṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1014 </td> <td>hundred trillion </td> <td>ten nil / crore crore </td> <td>दस नील / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس نیل (das nīl) एक करोड़ करोड़ / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایک کروڑ کروڑ (ēk karōṛ karōṛ) </td> <td>एक शंखू (ēk śaṅkhū) </td> <td>পদ্ম (pôddō) একশ লাখ কোটি (êkśō lākh kōṭi) শতলক্ষ কোটি (śôtôkōṭi lôkkō)f </td> <td>ଶହେ ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି (śåhe låkṣå koṭi) ସାଗର (sāgårå) </td> <td>दश नील (daś nīl) </td> <td>பதுமம் (patumam) </td> <td>కోటి కోట్లు (kōṭi kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಒಂದು ಕೋಟಿ ಕೋಟಿ (ಜಲಧಿ) (ondu kōṭi kōṭi) </td> <td>നൂറ് ലക്ഷം കോടി (nuṟ lakṣaṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1015 </td> <td>quadrillion </td> <td>padma / hundred nil / ten crore crore </td> <td>पद्म / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پدم (padma) </td> <td>एक जलधि शंखू (eka jaladhi śaṅkhū) </td> <td>মহাপদ্ম (môhāpôddō) হাজার লাখ কোটি (hāzār lākh kōṭi) </td> <td>ହଜାର ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି (håjārå låkṣå koṭi) ଅନ୍ତ୍ୟ (åntyå) </td> <td>पद्म (padma) </td> <td>சங்கம் (caṅkam) </td> <td>పది కోట్ల కోట్లు (padi kōṭla kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು ಕೋಟಿ ಕೋಟಿ (ಅಂತ್ಯ) (hattu kōṭi kōṭi) </td> <td>ആയിരം ലക്ഷം കോടി (āyiraṁ lakṣaṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1016 </td> <td>ten quadrillion </td> <td>ten padma / hundred crore crore </td> <td>दस पद्म / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس پدم (das padma) </td> <td>एक अंत्य (eka antya) </td> <td>বঙ্গ (bongo)দশ হাজার লাখ কোটি (dôś hāzār lākh kōṭi) </td> <td>ଦଶ ହଜାର ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି (dåśå håjārå låkṣå koṭi) ମଧ୍ୟ (mådhyå) </td> <td>दश पद्म (daś padma) </td> <td>வெள்ளம் (veḷḷam) சமுத்திரம் (camuttiram) </td> <td>వంద కోట్ల కోట్లు (vanda kōṭla kōṭlu) </td> <td>ನೂರು ಕೋಟಿ ಕೋಟಿ (ಮಧ್ಯ) (nūru kōṭi kōṭi) </td> <td>പതിനായിരം ലക്ഷം കോടി (patināyiraṁ lakṣaṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1017 </td> <td>hundred quadrillion </td> <td>shankh / hundred padma / thousand crore crore / lakh lakh crore </td> <td>शंख / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شنکھ (śaṅkh) </td> <td>एक परार्ध (eka parārdha) </td> <td>মহাবঙ্গ (mohabongo)শত হাজার লাখ কোটি (śoto hāzār lākh kōṭi) </td> <td>ଶହେ ହଜାର ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି (śåhe håjārå låkṣå koṭi) ପରାର୍ଦ୍ଧ (pårārddhå) </td> <td>शंख (śaṅkha) </td> <td>அந்நியம் (anniyam) </td> <td>వెయ్యి కోట్ల కోట్లు (veyyi kōṭla kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಒಂದು ಸಾವಿರ ಕೋಟಿ ಕೋಟಿ (ಪರಾರ್ಧ) (ondu sāvira kōṭi kōṭi) </td> <td>ലക്ഷം ലക്ഷം കോടി (lakṣaṁ lakṣaṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1018 </td> <td>quintillion </td> <td>ten shankh / ten thousand crore crore </td> <td>दस शंख / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دس شنکھ (das śaṅkh) गुलशन / <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">گلشن (gulśan) </td> <td>एक महापरार्ध (eka mahāparārdha) </td> <td>গুলশান (gulśān) দশ শত হাজার লাখ কোটি (doś śoto hāzār lākh kōṭi) </td> <td>ଦଶ ଶହେ ହଜାର ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି (dåśå śåhe håjārå låkṣå koṭi) ଦଶ ପରାର୍ଦ୍ଧ (dåśå pårārddhå) </td> <td>दश शंख (daś śaṅkha) </td> <td>அர்த்தம் (arttam) </td> <td>పది వేల కోట్ల కోట్లు (padi vēla kōṭla kōṭlu) </td> <td>ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ ಕೋಟಿ ಕೋಟಿ (hattu sāvira kōṭi kōṭi) </td> <td>പത്തുലക്ഷം ലക്ഷം കോടി (pattulakṣaṁ lakṣaṁ kōṭi) </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_numbering_systems">Historic numbering systems</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historic numbering systems">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbering_systems_in_Hindu_epics">Numbering systems in Hindu epics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Numbering systems in Hindu epics">edit</a>]</div> There are various systems of numeration found in various ancient epic literature of India (<a href="/wiki/Itihasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Itihasa">itihasas</a>). The following table gives one such system used in the Valmiki <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:both;margin:1em auto;text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Indian decimal </th> <th>Value </th> <th>Short scale </th></tr> <tr> <td>एक (ēka) </td> <td>0,00,001 </td> <td style="text-align:center">1 </td> <td>one </td></tr> <tr> <td>दश (daśa) </td> <td>0,00,010 </td> <td style="text-align:center">10 </td> <td>ten </td></tr> <tr> <td>शत (śata) </td> <td>0,00,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center">102 </td> <td>hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>सहस्र (sahasra) </td> <td>0,01,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center">103 </td> <td>thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>लक्ष (lakṣa) </td> <td>1,00,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center">105 </td> <td>hundred thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>कोटि (kōṭi) </td> <td>1,00,00,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center">107 </td> <td>ten million </td></tr> <tr> <td>शङ्कु (śaṅku) </td> <td>1,00,000 koṭi </td> <td style="text-align:center">1012 </td> <td>trillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>महाशङ्कु (mahāśaṅku) </td> <td>1,00,000 śaṅku </td> <td style="text-align:center">1017 </td> <td>hundred quadrillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>वृन्द (vr̥nda) </td> <td>1,00,000 mahāśaṅku </td> <td style="text-align:center">1022 </td> <td>ten sextillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>महावृन्द (mahāvr̥nda) </td> <td>1,00,000 vr̥nda </td> <td style="text-align:center">1027 </td> <td>octillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>पद्म (padma) </td> <td>1,00,000 mahāvr̥nda </td> <td style="text-align:center">1032 </td> <td>hundred nonillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>महापद्म (mahāpadma) </td> <td>1,00,000 padma </td> <td style="text-align:center">1037 </td> <td>ten undecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>खर्व (kharva) </td> <td>1,00,000 mahāpadma </td> <td style="text-align:center">1042 </td> <td>tredecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>महाखर्व (mahākharva) </td> <td>1,00,000 kharva </td> <td style="text-align:center">1047 </td> <td>hundred quattuordecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>समुद्र (samudra) </td> <td>1,00,000 mahākharva </td> <td style="text-align:center">1052 </td> <td>ten sexdecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>ओघ (ogha) </td> <td>1,00,000 samudra </td> <td style="text-align:center">1057 </td> <td>octodecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>महौघ (mahaugha) </td> <td>1,00,000 ogha </td> <td style="text-align:center">1062 </td> <td>hundred novemdecillion </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_numbering_systems">Other numbering systems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other numbering systems">edit</a>]</div> The denominations by which land was measured in the <a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumaon Kingdom">Kumaon Kingdom</a> were based on arable lands and thus followed an approximate system with local variations. The most common of these was a <a href="/wiki/Vigesimal" title="Vigesimal">vigesimal</a> (base-20) numbering system with the main denomination called a bisi (see <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_numerals" title="Hindustani numerals">Hindustani number bīs</a>), which corresponded to the land required to sow 20 nalis of seed. Consequently, its actual land measure varied based on the quality of the soil.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> This system became the established norm in Kumaon by 1891.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_different_languages">Usage in different languages</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Usage in different languages">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lakh" title="Lakh">lakh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a></div> Below is a list of translations for the words lakh and crore in other languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent: <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, a lakh is also called লক্ষ lokhyo, or লাখ lakh and a crore is called কৌটি বা কোটি kouti</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, a lakh is natively (tadbhava) known as লাখ lākh, though some use the ardha-tatsama লক্ষ lokkho. A crore is called কোটি kōṭi</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>, crore is called ကုဋေ <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ɡədè]</a>. Lakh is used in <a href="/wiki/Burmese_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese English">Burmese English</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Maldivian_language" title="Maldivian language">Dhivehi</a>, a lakh is called ލައްކަ la'kha and a crore is called ކްރޯރް kroaru</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, a lakh is called લાખ lākh and a crore is called કરોડ karoḍ. A hundred crore is called અબજ abaj</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>, a lakh is called लाख lākh and a crore is called करोड karoḍ. A hundred crore is called अरब arab</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>, a lakh is called ಲಕ್ಷ lakṣha and a crore is called ಕೋಟಿ kōṭi</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a>, a lakh is called lak and a crore is called klur or krur. A billion is called arab and hundred billion is called kharab.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>, a lakh is called ലക്ഷം laksham and a crore is called കോടി kodi.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, a lakh is called लाख/लक्ष lākh and a crore is called कोटी koṭi or करोड karoḍ, and an arab (109) is called अब्ज abja.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, a lakh is called लाख lākh and a crore is called करोड karoḍ.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, a lakh is called ଲକ୍ଷ lôkhyô and a crore is called କୋଟି koṭi.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, a lakh is called lakkh (<a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لکھ, <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>: ਲੱਖ) and a crore is called karoṛ (<a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کروڑ, <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>: ਕਰੋੜ).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a>, a lakh is called lák and a crore is called kurul. A thousand crore is called kuthí.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>, a lakh is called ලක්ෂ lakṣa and a crore is called කෝටි kōṭi.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, a lakh is called இலட்சம் ilaṭcam and a crore is called கோடி kōṭi.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, a lakh is called లక్ష lakṣha and a crore is called కోటి kōṭi.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>, a lakh is called <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لاکھ lākh and a crore is called <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کروڑ karoṛ. A billion is called arab (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ارب), and one hundred billion/arab is called a kharab (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کھرب).</li> <li>Lakh has entered the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili language</a> as "laki" and is in common use.</li></ul> Formal written publications in English in India tend to use lakh/crore for Indian currency and International numbering for foreign currencies.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_usage">Current usage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current usage">edit</a>]</div> The usage of this system is limited to the nations of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>. It is universally employed within these countries, and is preferred to the English numbering system.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> used this system in the past but has switched to the English numbering system in recent years. In the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, the term lakh is widely used in official documents and local speech. However, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Arabic_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Arabic numerals">Westernised Hindu-Arabic</a> <a href="/wiki/Numeral_system" title="Numeral system">numeral system</a> is preferred for higher denominations (such as millions). Most institutions and citizens in India use the Indian number system. The <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> was noted as a rare exception in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> whereas by 2024 the Indian system was used for amounts in rupees and the Western system for foreign currencies throughout the Reserve Bank's website.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">Scientific notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_numerals" title="Japanese numerals">Japanese notation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_numbering_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nroer-1"><a href="#cite_ref-nroer_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216163129/http://nroer.gov.in/nroer_team/file/readDoc/55b23f2881fccb054b6be25f/">"Knowing our Numbers"</a>. 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