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<div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Christchurch</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" 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For the Ontario TV station, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CHCH-DT?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CHCH-DT">CHCH-DT</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For other uses, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Christchurch (disambiguation)">Christchurch (disambiguation)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style> Christchurch (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkraɪs.tʃɜːrtʃ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f4\/Christchurch_new_zealand_en_gb.ogg\/Christchurch_new_zealand_en_gb.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Christchurch new zealand en gb.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Christchurch_new_zealand_en_gb.ogg/Christchurch_new_zealand_en_gb.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_new_zealand_en_gb.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Christchurch new zealand en gb.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: Ōtautahi) is the largest city in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Island">South Island</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in New Zealand">second-largest city</a> by urban area population in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[a]</a> Christchurch has an urban population of 415,100, and a metropolitan population of over half a million. It is located in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury Region</a>, near the centre of the east coast of the South Island, east of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Plains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Plains">Canterbury Plains</a>. It is located near the southern end of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pegasus_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pegasus Bay">Pegasus Bay</a>, and is bounded to the east by the Pacific Ocean and to the south by the ancient volcanic complex of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banks_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avon_River_/_%C5%8Ct%C4%81karo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avon River / Ōtākaro">Avon River (Ōtākaro)</a> winds through the centre of the city, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagley_Park,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagley Park, Christchurch">a large urban park</a> along its banks. With the exception of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_Hills?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a>, it is a relatively flat city, on an average around 20 m (66 ft) above sea level. Christchurch has a reputation for being an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_New_Zealanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English New Zealanders">English</a> city, with its architectural identity and nickname the 'Garden City' due to similarities with garden cities in England, but also has a historic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori people">Māori</a> heritage. Christchurch has a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperate_oceanic_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate oceanic climate">temperate oceanic climate</a> with regular moderate rainfall. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"> <div class="fn org"> Christchurch </div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"> Ōtautahi (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori language">Māori</a>) </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <div class="category"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in New Zealand">City</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style 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href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Panorama_of_northern_parts_of_Christchurch_Central_City,_New_Zealand.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Christchurch Central City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panorama_of_northern_parts_of_Christchurch_Central_City%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/288px-Panorama_of_northern_parts_of_Christchurch_Central_City%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panorama_of_northern_parts_of_Christchurch_Central_City%252C_New_Zealand.jpg/432px-Panorama_of_northern_parts_of_Christchurch_Central_City%252C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panorama_of_northern_parts_of_Christchurch_Central_City%252C_New_Zealand.jpg/576px-Panorama_of_northern_parts_of_Christchurch_Central_City%252C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="18167" data-file-height="4928"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Central City">Christchurch Central City</a> (2020) </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"> <div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:The_%22Brill%22_Tram_178.New_Regent_St_Christchurch._(11510530335).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tram on New Regent Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_%22Brill%22_Tram_178.New_Regent_St_Christchurch._%2811510530335%29.jpg/124px-The_%22Brill%22_Tram_178.New_Regent_St_Christchurch._%2811510530335%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_%2522Brill%2522_Tram_178.New_Regent_St_Christchurch._%252811510530335%2529.jpg/186px-The_%2522Brill%2522_Tram_178.New_Regent_St_Christchurch._%252811510530335%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_%2522Brill%2522_Tram_178.New_Regent_St_Christchurch._%252811510530335%2529.jpg/248px-The_%2522Brill%2522_Tram_178.New_Regent_St_Christchurch._%252811510530335%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1641"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Regent_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Regent Street">New Regent Street</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"> <div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:View_towards_Akaroa_from_Little_Akaloa_Road,_Canterbury,_New_Zealand.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Banks Peninsula and Akaroa Harbour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/View_towards_Akaroa_from_Little_Akaloa_Road%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/160px-View_towards_Akaroa_from_Little_Akaloa_Road%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/View_towards_Akaroa_from_Little_Akaloa_Road%252C_Canterbury%252C_New_Zealand.jpg/240px-View_towards_Akaroa_from_Little_Akaloa_Road%252C_Canterbury%252C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/View_towards_Akaroa_from_Little_Akaloa_Road%252C_Canterbury%252C_New_Zealand.jpg/320px-View_towards_Akaroa_from_Little_Akaloa_Road%252C_Canterbury%252C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5431" data-file-height="2873"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banks_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akaroa_Harbour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akaroa Harbour">Akaroa Harbour</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"> <div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:HagleyParkAerialPhoto.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hagley Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/HagleyParkAerialPhoto.jpg/143px-HagleyParkAerialPhoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/HagleyParkAerialPhoto.jpg/215px-HagleyParkAerialPhoto.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/HagleyParkAerialPhoto.jpg/286px-HagleyParkAerialPhoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="2192"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagley_Park,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagley Park, Christchurch">Hagley Park</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"> <div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sumner._Christchurch_NZ_(13506509155).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sumner and Southshore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sumner._Christchurch_NZ_%2813506509155%29.jpg/141px-Sumner._Christchurch_NZ_%2813506509155%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sumner._Christchurch_NZ_%252813506509155%2529.jpg/212px-Sumner._Christchurch_NZ_%252813506509155%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sumner._Christchurch_NZ_%252813506509155%2529.jpg/282px-Sumner._Christchurch_NZ_%252813506509155%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1558"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southshore,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southshore, New Zealand">Southshore</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"> <div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_Art_Gallery,_Christchurch,_New_Zealand.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Christchurch Art Gallery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Christchurch_Art_Gallery%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/288px-Christchurch_Art_Gallery%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Christchurch_Art_Gallery%252C_Christchurch%252C_New_Zealand.jpg/432px-Christchurch_Art_Gallery%252C_Christchurch%252C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Christchurch_Art_Gallery%252C_Christchurch%252C_New_Zealand.jpg/576px-Christchurch_Art_Gallery%252C_Christchurch%252C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12413" data-file-height="5296"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Art_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Art Gallery">Christchurch Art Gallery</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_heraldic_flag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Christchurch"><img alt="Flag of Christchurch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Christchurch_heraldic_flag.svg/100px-Christchurch_heraldic_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Christchurch_heraldic_flag.svg/150px-Christchurch_heraldic_flag.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Christchurch_heraldic_flag.svg/200px-Christchurch_heraldic_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320"></a> <div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"> Flag </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_coat_of_arms_shield.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Christchurch"><img alt="Coat of arms of Christchurch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christchurch_coat_of_arms_shield.svg/86px-Christchurch_coat_of_arms_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christchurch_coat_of_arms_shield.svg/129px-Christchurch_coat_of_arms_shield.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christchurch_coat_of_arms_shield.svg/172px-Christchurch_coat_of_arms_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="319"></a> <div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coat of arms of the City of Christchurch">Coat of arms</a> </div> </div> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%C5%8Ctautahi_christchurch_city-logo2024.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Christchurch"><img alt="Official logo of Christchurch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%C5%8Ctautahi_christchurch_city-logo2024.png/78px-%C5%8Ctautahi_christchurch_city-logo2024.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%25C5%258Ctautahi_christchurch_city-logo2024.png/118px-%25C5%258Ctautahi_christchurch_city-logo2024.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%25C5%258Ctautahi_christchurch_city-logo2024.png/157px-%25C5%258Ctautahi_christchurch_city-logo2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2446"></a> <div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brandmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandmark">Brandmark</a> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname:  <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"> The Garden City </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s):  <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"> Fide Condita Fructu Beata Spe Fortis English: Founded in Faith, Rich in the Fulfillment thereof, Strong in Hope for the Future<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div class="switcher-container"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style> <div 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"> <div class="center"> <div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"> <div style="width:250px;padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;width:250px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:New_Zealand_(location_map).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Christchurch is located in New Zealand"><img alt="Christchurch is located in New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/250px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%2528location_map%2529.svg/375px-New_Zealand_%2528location_map%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%2528location_map%2529.svg/500px-New_Zealand_%2528location_map%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1976"></a> <div class="od notheme" style="top:69.289%;left:51.031%;font-size:91%"> <div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"> <img alt="Christchurch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/9px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460"> </div> <div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"> <div> Christchurch </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of New Zealand </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DChristchurch%26params%3D43_31_52_S_172_38_10_E_region:NZ_type:city(415100)">43°31′52″S 172°38′10″E / 43.53111°S 172.63611°E / -43.53111; 172.63611</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th> <td class="infobox-data">New Zealand</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Island</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Island">South Island</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury region">Canterbury</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Community boards in New Zealand">Communities</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li>Banks Peninsula</li> <li>Coastal-Burwood</li> <li>Fendalton-Waimairi-Harewood</li> <li>Halswell-Hornby-Riccarton</li> <li>Papanui-Innes</li> <li>Spreydon-Cashmere</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wards</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li>Banks Peninsula</li> <li>Burwood</li> <li>Cashmere</li> <li>Central</li> <li>Coastal</li> <li>Fendalton</li> <li>Halswell</li> <li>Harewood</li> <li>Heathcote</li> <li>Hornby</li> <li>Innes</li> <li>Linwood</li> <li>Papanui</li> <li>Riccarton</li> <li>Spreydon</li> <li>Waimairi</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled by the UK</th> <td class="infobox-data">1848; 177 years ago (1848)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Namesake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">NZ Parliament</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banks_Peninsula_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banks Peninsula (New Zealand electorate)">Banks Peninsula</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Central">Christchurch Central</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_East?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch East">Christchurch East</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilam_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilam (New Zealand electorate)">Ilam</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selwyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)">Selwyn</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waimakariri_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waimakariri (New Zealand electorate)">Waimakariri</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wigram_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wigram (New Zealand electorate)">Wigram</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Tai_Tonga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Tai Tonga">Te Tai Tonga</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori electorates">Māori</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayor_of_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayor of Christchurch">Mayor</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phil_Mauger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phil Mauger">Phil Mauger</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MPs</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matt_Doocey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matt Doocey">Matt Doocey</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicola_Grigg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicola Grigg">Nicola Grigg</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vanessa_Weenink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vanessa Weenink">Vanessa Weenink</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamish_Campbell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamish Campbell">Hamish Campbell</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tākuta Ferris">Tākuta Ferris</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duncan_Webb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reuben_Davidson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reuben Davidson">Reuben Davidson</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Megan_Woods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Megan Woods">Megan Woods</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authority</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • Territorial </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1,426 km2 (551 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th> <td class="infobox-data">1,415.15 km2 (546.39 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">294.43 km2 (113.68 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">2,408.1 km2 (929.8 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">6 m (20 ft)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population <div class="ib-settlement-fn">  (June 2024)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-5">[5]</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • Territorial </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">415,100</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th> <td class="infobox-data">290/km2 (750/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban area">Urban</a> <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">403,300</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th> <td class="infobox-data">1,400/km2 (3,500/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a> <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">545,171</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th> <td class="infobox-data">230/km2 (590/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demonym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demonym">Demonym</a> <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">Cantabrian<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_zone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC%2B12:00?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTC+12:00">UTC+12:00</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time in New Zealand">NZST</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daylight_saving_time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC%2B13:00?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTC+13:00">UTC+13:00</a> (NZDT)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode(s)</th> <td class="infobox-data adr"> <div class="postal-code"> 8011, 8013, 8014, 8022, 8023, 8024, 8025, 8041, 8042, 8051, 8052, 8053, 8061, 8062, 8081, 8082, </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">03</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iwi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iwi">iwi</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kāti Māmoe">Kāti Māmoe</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ngāi Tahu">Kāi Tahu</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://christchurchnz.com/">ChristchurchNZ.com</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The area of modern-day greater Christchurch was first inhabited by the historic Māori <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iwi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iwi">iwi</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waitaha_(South_Island_iwi)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waitaha (South Island iwi)">Waitaha</a> in the mid-thirteenth century. Waitaha, who occupied the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swamp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swamp">swamplands</a> with patchworks of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marsh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marsh">marshland</a>, were invaded by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kāti Māmoe">Kāti Māmoe</a> in the sixteenth century, and then were absorbed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C4%81i_Tahu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāi Tahu">Kāi Tahu</a> a century later. Ōtautahi was inhabited seasonally, and a major trading centre was established at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaiapoi_P%C4%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaiapoi Pā">Kaiapoi Pā</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Empire">British</a> colonial settlement began in the mid-nineteenth century. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Four_Ships?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Four Ships">First Four Ships</a> were chartered by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Association">Canterbury Association</a> and brought the Canterbury Pilgrims from Britain to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyttelton_Harbour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyttelton Harbour">Lyttelton Harbour</a> in 1850. It became a city by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_charter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> on 31 July 1856, making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand. Christchurch was heavily industrialised in the early 20th century, with the opening of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_South_Line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Main South Line">Main South Line</a> railway and the development of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_housing_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State housing in New Zealand">state housing</a> saw rapid growth in the city's economy and population. Christchurch has strong cultural connections with its European elements and architectural identity. Christchurch is also home to a number of performing arts centres and academic institutions (including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a>). Christchurch has hosted numerous international sporting events, notably the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974 British Commonwealth Games">1974 British Commonwealth Games</a> at the purpose-built <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Elizabeth II Park">Queen Elizabeth II Park</a>. The city has been recognised as an Antarctic gateway since 1901, and is nowadays one of the five <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antarctic_gateway_cities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antarctic gateway cities">Antarctic gateway cities</a> hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations. Christchurch is served by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Airport">Christchurch Airport</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harewood,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harewood, New Zealand">Harewood</a>, the country's second-busiest airport. The city suffered a series of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010_Canterbury_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010 Canterbury earthquake">earthquakes from September 2010</a>, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">the most destructive occurring on 22 February 2011</a>, in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city suffered severe damage, with many central city buildings collapsing, leading to ongoing recovery and rebuilding projects. Christchurch later became the site of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">a terrorist attack</a> targeting two mosques on 15 March 2019. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Toponymy">1 Toponymy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Waitaha_M%C4%81ori_settlement">2.1 Waitaha Māori settlement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#European_settlement">2.2 European settlement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Provincial_growth">2.3 Provincial growth</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modern_history">2.4 Modern history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2010%E2%80%9311_earthquakes">2.5 2010–11 earthquakes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Port_Hills_fires">2.6 Port Hills fires</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2019_mosque_shootings">2.7 2019 mosque shootings</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Location">3.1 Location</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geology">3.2 Geology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aquifer_and_spring-fed_streams">3.3 Aquifer and spring-fed streams</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Central_City">3.4 Central City</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Suburbs">3.5 Suburbs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Satellite_towns">3.6 Satellite towns</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climate">3.7 Climate</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demographics">4 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culture_and_identity">4.1 Culture and identity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Urban_area">4.2 Urban area</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economic_profile_in_2023">5.1 Economic profile in 2023</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Industry">5.2 Industry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Services_for_agriculture">5.3 Services for agriculture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism">5.4 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gateway_to_the_Antarctic">5.5 Gateway to the Antarctic</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Government">6 Government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Local_government">6.1 Local government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Central_government">6.2 Central government</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culture_and_entertainment">7 Culture and entertainment</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cinema">7.1 Cinema</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Parks_and_nature">7.2 Parks and nature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Theatre">7.3 Theatre</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Music">7.4 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Venues">7.5 Venues</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Festivals">7.6 Festivals</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sport">8 Sport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Education">9 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Secondary_schools">9.1 Secondary schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tertiary_institutions">9.2 Tertiary institutions</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transport">10 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Utilities">11 Utilities</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Water_supply">11.1 Water supply</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wastewater">11.2 Wastewater</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Electricity">11.3 Electricity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Telecommunications">11.4 Telecommunications</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Media">12 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notable_people">13 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sister_cities">14 Sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">15 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">16 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">16.1 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliography">16.2 Bibliography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Citations">16.3 Citations</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Toponymy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The name Christchurch was adopted at the first meeting of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Association">Canterbury Association</a> on 27 March 1848. The reason it was chosen is not known with certainty, but the most likely reason is it was named after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>, the alma mater of many members of the association, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Robert_Godley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Robert Godley">John Robert Godley</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Christ Church college had similarities with the planned new city, including its own cathedral, the smallest in England.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cowie-1934-10">[9]</a> Other possibilities are that it was named for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch, Dorset">Christchurch, Dorset</a>, or for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>. Many of the early colonists did not like the name, preferring instead the name Lyttelton, but the Colonists' Council resolved to stick with the name of Christchurch in 1851, because it had been used by surveyors and distinguished the settlement from the port.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200818-11">[10]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori language">Māori</a> name for modern-day Christchurch is Ōtautahi, meaning 'the place of Tautahi'. It was adopted as the Māori name for the city in the 1930s. Ōtautahi precisely refers to a specific site by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avon_River_/_%C5%8Ct%C4%81karo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avon River / Ōtākaro">Avon River / Ōtākaro</a> in Central Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The site was a seasonal food-gathering place of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> chief Te Pōtiki Tautahi. A different account claims the Tautahi in question was the son of the Port Levy chief Huikai.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Prior to that, Ngāi Tahu generally referred to the Christchurch area as Karaitiana, an anglicised version.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[17]</a> "ChCh" is commonly used as an abbreviation of Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a>, Christchurch is signed with two Cs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[20]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Christchurch">History of Christchurch</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Maori_Village_1848.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Maori_Village_1848.png/250px-Maori_Village_1848.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="352"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Maori_Village_1848.png/250px-Maori_Village_1848.png" data-width="250" data-height="156" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Maori_Village_1848.png/375px-Maori_Village_1848.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Maori_Village_1848.png/500px-Maori_Village_1848.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A Māori village on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Plains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Plains">Canterbury Plains</a> with the surveyors Capt. Thomas, Heaphy, White and Torlesse on the left (sketched by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Fox (politician)">William Fox</a> in 1848) </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Waitaha_Māori_settlement">Waitaha Māori settlement</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Waitaha Māori settlement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Prior to European occupation of the modern-day greater Christchurch area, the land was originally <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swamp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swamp">swampland</a> with patchworks of marshland, grassland, scrub and some patches of tall forest of mostly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dacrycarpus dacrydioides">kahikatea</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prumnopitys_taxifolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prumnopitys taxifolia">mataī</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Podocarpus_totara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Podocarpus totara">tōtara</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hills-2008-p4-22">[21]</a> The inner coastal sand dunes were covered in hardier scrub bush, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dodonaea_viscosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dodonaea viscosa">akeake</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coprosma_repens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coprosma repens">taupata</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discaria_toumatou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discaria toumatou">tūmatakuru</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Myoporum_laetum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Myoporum laetum">ngaio</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmichaelia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmichaelia">carmichaelia</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coprosma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coprosma">coprosma</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hills-2008-p4-22">[21]</a> Christchurch was rich in birdlife prior to European colonisation, as they burned down forests and introduced predators, it led to local extinction of native birds.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson20059%E2%80%9310-23">[22]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Evidence of human activity in the area begins in approximately 1250 C.E.,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[24]</a> with evidence of prolonged occupation beginning no later than 1350 AD.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jacomb-2009-26">[25]</a> These first occupants lived in coastal caves around modern-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner</a>, and preyed upon local species of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moa">moa</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jacomb-2008-27">[26]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HeritageNZ-MocksCave-28">[27]</a> The early settlers and their descendants became known as the historic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waitaha_(South_Island_iwi)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waitaha (South Island iwi)">Waitaha</a> Māori <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iwi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iwi">iwi</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NgaiTahuReport1991-vol22-29">[28]</a> Around <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1500 the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kāti Māmoe">Kāti Māmoe</a> iwi migrated south from the east coast of the North Island and invaded the Christchurch basin, ultimately gaining control of much of Canterbury.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NgaiTahuReport1991-vol22-29">[28]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ngāi Tahu">Kāi Tahu</a> arrived a century later,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NgaiTahuReport1991-vol22-29">[28]</a> and the two ultimately absorbed Waitaha through a mixture of conflict and marriage.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NgaiTahuReport1991-vol22-29">[28]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice20089%E2%80%9310-30">[29]</a> Most of the Māori settlement was along the coast.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Other areas of Christchurch were also important foraging grounds and a seasonal settlements.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200518-32">[31]</a> Several Māori settlements were within Christchurch during the early-nineteenth century, such as Pūtarikamotu in modern-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riccarton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riccarton, New Zealand">Riccarton</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[b]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[34]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[35]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papanui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papanui">Papanui</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice20089%E2%80%9310-30">[29]</a> In both cases these were located in areas of surviving tall forest.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice20089%E2%80%9310-30">[29]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_New_Brighton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South New Brighton">South New Brighton</a> there was a major Māori settlement named Te Kai-a-Te-Karoro, this was an important food-gathering area to Ngāi Tūāhuriri that had <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelp_gull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelp gull">kelp gull</a> presence and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81nuka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mānuka">mānuka</a> scrub.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[36]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Te Ihutai (The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avon_Heathcote_Estuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avon Heathcote Estuary">Avon Heathcote Estuary</a>) was an important food source for local iwi and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hap%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hapū">hapū</a>, the estuary providing food such as, flounder and shellfish.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[38]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[39]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaiapoi_P%C4%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaiapoi Pā">Kaiapoi Pā</a> was the most important trading area, and the centre of a thriving economy. The pā was located at the nexus of the major rivers of Christchurch, the Avon River / Ōtākaro, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C4%81waho_/_Heathcote_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River">Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Styx_River_(Canterbury)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Styx River (Canterbury)">Styx River</a>. It was the likely richest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eel">eel</a> fishery in the country at that time.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvison19936,_201,_153-42">[40]</a> Sugar was produced from plantations of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cordyline_australis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cordyline australis">cabbage trees</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvison19936,_201,_153-42">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="European_settlement">European settlement</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: European settlement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:John_Deans_(pioneer).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/John_Deans_%28pioneer%29.jpg/210px-John_Deans_%28pioneer%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/John_Deans_%28pioneer%29.jpg/210px-John_Deans_%28pioneer%29.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="293" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/John_Deans_%28pioneer%29.jpg/315px-John_Deans_%28pioneer%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/John_Deans_%28pioneer%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Deans_(pioneer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Deans (pioneer)">John Deans</a> and his family were some of the early settlers in Christchurch, they settled in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riccarton_Bush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Riccarton Bush">Riccarton Bush</a>. </figcaption> </figure> European settlement of the Canterbury region was largely influenced by brothers <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Deans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Deans">William</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Deans_(pioneer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Deans (pioneer)">John Deans</a> in 1843.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200811-43">[41]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[42]</a> The Deans farm located in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riccarton_Bush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Riccarton Bush">Riccarton Bush</a> was a crucial factor in the decision of where to place the settlement of Christchurch, as it proved that the swampy ground could be farmed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200811-43">[41]</a> The Deans brothers named their farm after their former parish in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ayrshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a>, Scotland; they also named the river near their farm after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avon_Water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avon Water">Avon Water</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Lanarkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a>, which rises in the hills near to where their grandfather's farm was located.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HIGHT-45">[43]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cowie-1934-10">[9]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200812-46">[44]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Association">Canterbury Association</a>'s Chief Surveyor, Captain <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Thomas_(surveyor)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Thomas (surveyor)">Joseph Thomas</a>, surveyed the area in 1849 and 1850. Working with his assistant, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Jollie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Jollie">Edward Jollie</a>, they named the various ports and settlements in the area, and chose a simple grid pattern for the streets of Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200815-47">[45]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[46]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Four_Ships?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Four Ships">First Four Ships</a> were chartered by the Canterbury Association and brought the Canterbury Pilgrims to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyttelton_Harbour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyttelton Harbour">Lyttelton Harbour</a> in 1850.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[c]</a> These sailing vessels were the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Randolph_(ship)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Randolph (ship)">Randolph</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charlotte_Jane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charlotte Jane">Charlotte Jane</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sir_George_Seymour_(1844_ship)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sir George Seymour (1844 ship)">Sir George Seymour</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cressy_(ship)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cressy (ship)">Cressy</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[49]</a> The journey took three to four months, and the Charlotte Jane was the first to arrive on 16 December 1850.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[50]</a> The Canterbury Pilgrims had aspirations of building a city around a cathedral and college, on the model of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[51]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[52]</a> Transport between the port and the new settlement at Christchurch was a major problem for the early settlers. By December 1849, Thomas had commissioned the construction of a road from Port Cooper, later <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a>, to Christchurch via Evans Pass and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[53]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200814-57">[54]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200932%E2%80%9334-58">[55]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200528-59">[56]</a> By the time that <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Robert_Godley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Robert Godley">John Robert Godley</a> arrived in April 1850 all of the funds for public works had been used up in constructing the road.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200814-57">[54]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200932%E2%80%9334-58">[55]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200528-59">[56]</a> Godley ordered that all work on the road should stop, leaving the steep foot and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Packhorse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Packhorse">pack horse</a> track that had been hastily constructed over the hill between the port and the Heathcote valley as the only land-access to the area of Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200932%E2%80%9334-58">[55]</a> This track became known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bridle_Path_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bridle Path (New Zealand)">Bridle Path</a> because the path was so steep that pack horses needed to be led by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bridle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bridle">bridle</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[57]</a> Goods that were too heavy or bulky to be transported by pack horse over the Bridle Path were shipped by small sailing vessels some 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) by sea around the coast and up the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avon_Heathcote_Estuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avon Heathcote Estuary">Avon Heathcote Estuary</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrymead?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrymead">Ferrymead</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200817-61">[58]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200528-59">[56]</a> Overturned boats at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sumner_bar" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner bar</a> were a frequent cause of new arrivals to the colony losing all their luggage.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200827-62">[59]</a> The Sumner Road was completed in 1857, though this did not alleviate the transport problems.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200828-63">[60]</a> In 1858 the provincial <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superintendent_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Superintendent (New Zealand)">superintendent</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Sefton_Moorhouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Sefton Moorhouse">William Sefton Moorhouse</a> announced that a tunnel would be dug between Lyttelton and Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200828-63">[60]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200936-64">[61]</a> While the tunnel was under construction, New Zealand's first public railway line, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrymead_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrymead Railway">Ferrymead Railway</a>, opened from Ferrymead to Christchurch in 1863.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200829-65">[62]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Provincial_growth">Provincial growth</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Provincial growth" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="705"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 303px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="303" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Cathedral_1900.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristChurch Cathedral">ChristChurch Cathedral</a>, with its gothic-style architecture </figcaption> </figure> Between 1853 and 1876 Christchurch was the administrative seat of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Province">Province of Canterbury</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200824-67">[64]</a> While slow at first, growth in the town began to accelerate towards the end of the 1850s, with a period of rapid growth between 1857 and 1864.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200831-68">[65]</a> Christchurch became the first city in New Zealand by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_charter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> on 31 July 1856, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Harper_(bishop)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Harper (bishop)">Henry Harper</a> was consecrated by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">archbishop of Canterbury</a> as the local Anglican bishop. He arrived in Christchurch a few months later in December 1856.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200826-69">[66]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[67]</a> In 1862 the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a> was established.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200825-71">[68]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[69]</a> By 1874, Christchurch was New Zealand's fourth-largest city with a population of 14,270 residents.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[70]</a> Between 1871 and 1876 nearly 20,000 immigrants arrived in Canterbury,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200838-74">[71]</a> and through the 1880s frozen meat joined wool as a primary export.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200849-75">[72]</a> The last decades of the nineteenth-century were a period of significant growth for the city, despite the national economic depression.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200846-76">[73]</a> Many of the city's stone <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a> buildings by provincial architect <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Mountfort">Benjamin Mountfort</a> date from around this period, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Arts Centre">Canterbury University College</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[74]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristChurch Cathedral">ChristChurch Cathedral</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[75]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Museum,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Museum, Christchurch">Canterbury Museum</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[76]</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Provincial_Council_Buildings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings">Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[77]</a> among others. Mountfort oversaw construction of a prison on Lincon Road in 1874, which operated until 1999.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Christchurch experienced a number of minor natural disasters during this period. Heavy rain caused the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waimakariri_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waimakariri River">Waimakariri River</a> to flood Christchurch in February 1868.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200835%E2%80%9336-82">[79]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200513-83">[80]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Square,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Square, Christchurch">Victoria Square</a> (known as Market Place at the time) was left underwater with "the whole left side of the [Avon] river from Montreal-street bridge to Worcester street was all one lake, as deep as up to a horse's belly".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[81]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[82]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Christchurch buildings were damaged by earthquakes in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1869_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1869 Christchurch earthquake">1869</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1881_Castle_Hill_earthquake&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1881 Castle Hill earthquake (page does not exist)">1881</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1888_North_Canterbury_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1888 North Canterbury earthquake">1888</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[84]</a> The 1888 earthquake caused the highest 7.8 metres of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristChurch Cathedral">Christchurch Cathedral</a> spire to collapse, many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimney">chimneys</a> were broken, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durham_Street_Methodist_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durham Street Methodist Church">Durham Street Methodist Church</a> had its stonework damaged.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-88">[85]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[86]</a> In November 1901, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1901_Cheviot_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1901 Cheviot earthquake">a magnitude 6.9 earthquake</a>, centred near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cheviot,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cheviot, New Zealand">Cheviot</a>, caused the spire on top of ChristChurch Cathedral to collapse again, but this time only the top 1.5 metres fell. On this occasion, it was rebuilt with timber and metal instead of stone.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-88">[85]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[87]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch,_1918.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg/220px-Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="1342"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 180px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg/220px-Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="180" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg/330px-Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg/440px-Aerial_photograph_of_Christchurch%2C_1918.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> First aerial photograph of Christchurch taken by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leslie_Hinge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leslie Hinge">Leslie Hinge</a>, January 1918 </figcaption> </figure> The Catholic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch">Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament</a> was opened in February 1905.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200866-91">[88]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[89]</a> It was designed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Petre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Petre">Francis Petre</a> with inspiration from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Vincent-de-Paul,_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris">Saint-Vincent-de-Paul</a> in Paris.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[90]</a> In 1906, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Exhibition_(1906)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Exhibition (1906)">New Zealand International Exhibition</a> opened in Hagley Park, which had over a million visitors.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[91]</a> In 1908, the city experienced its first major fire which started at the Strange's Department Store and destroyed buildings in central Christchurch on High St, Cashel St and Lichfield Streets.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[92]</a> Christchurch was heavily industrialised in the early 20th century, particularly the suburbs of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woolston,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woolston, New Zealand">Woolston</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Addington,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Addington, New Zealand">Addington</a>, with Woolston housing a large amount of New Zealand's rubber industry. Many warehouses, factories and large premises of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Addington_Railway_Workshops?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Addington Railway Workshops">railway workshops</a> were built along the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_South_Line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Main South Line">Main South Line</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wilson-96">[93]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[94]</a> There was notable development of breweries, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flour_mill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flour mill">flour mills</a>, and light-commercial in Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[95]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200574-99">[96]</a> This significantly increased the population of workers in the city, which soon spread industrialisation to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sydenham,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sydenham, New Zealand">Sydenham</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200533%E2%80%9334-100">[97]</a> As central Christchurch grew, many cottages were demolished to make way for light-industrial and retail premises near Moorhouse Avenue as they expanded south.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wilson-96">[93]</a> Many churches were also built to compensate for its growing Christian population.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2005205%E2%80%93210-101">[98]</a> The population of Christchurch exceeded 100,000 for the first time in 1919.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Modern history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg/220px-GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6798" data-file-height="5256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg/220px-GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg" data-alt="Refer to caption" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg/330px-GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg/440px-GPO_Christchurch_1942_SLNSW_FL19165553.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Post and Telegraph Department, Christchurch, New Zealand (1942) </figcaption> </figure> Despite the central city remaining relatively unchanged between 1914 and 1960,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200586-103">[100]</a> Christchurch grew rapidly during the 20th century in part due to the construction of many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_housing_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State housing in New Zealand">state houses</a>. The earliest state houses were built in Sydenham in the 1900s, to house workers that were employed in nearby factories, with more houses built in 1909 near the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Addington_Railway_Workshops?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Addington Railway Workshops">Addington Railway Workshops</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[101]</a> In November 1947, a basement fire at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ballantynes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ballantynes">Ballantynes</a> department store on the corner of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Mall,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Mall, Christchurch">Cashel</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colombo_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colombo Street">Colombo Streets</a> unexpectedly burned out of control, resulting in New Zealand's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ballantynes_fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ballantynes fire">worst fire disaster</a>. Despite being initially thought to be under control, the fire suddenly spread to the upper floors and consumed the entire building within minutes. The speed of the fire trapped 41 staff members on the upper floor, all of whom were killed. The department store was actually a combination of seven or eight different buildings, joined to form a "perplexing maze"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NZHistory-2022-ballantynesfirefuneral-105">[102]</a> with no sprinklers or alarm system.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2008115-106">[103]</a> A subsequent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal commission">Royal commission of enquiry</a> resulted in changes to the building code to improve fire safety.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107">[104]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Thousands of mourners, including the Prime Minister, attended a mass funeral in the aftermath.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NZHistory-2022-ballantynesfirefuneral-105">[102]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2008116-109">[106]</a> During the 1960s Christchurch experienced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_sprawl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, with much of the retail business of the central city moving out to urban shopping malls. These typically included large <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parking_lot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parking lot">car parking areas</a> to suit the growing shift towards personal car ownership, and away from public transport.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200545,_88,_152%E2%80%93154-110">[107]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice2008131,_134-111">[108]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hornby,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hornby, New Zealand">Hornby</a> became a significant industrial suburb in the 1960s, with industrial and residential premises expanding westwards.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112">[109]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyttelton_road_tunnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyttelton road tunnel">Lyttelton road tunnel</a> between Lyttelton and Christchurch was opened in 1964.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[110]</a> Television broadcasts began in Christchurch on 1 June 1961 with the launch of channel CHTV3, making Christchurch the second New Zealand city to receive regular television broadcasts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114">[111]</a> The channel initially broadcast from a 10-kilowatt transmitter atop the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gloucester_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gloucester Street">Gloucester Street</a> studios until it switched to the newly built 100-kilowatt <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sugarloaf_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sugarloaf (New Zealand)">Sugarloaf transmitter</a> in the Port Hills on 28 August 1965.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[112]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[113]</a> In 1969, the one-way system running through central Christchurch was established. The first two streets to be made one-way were Lichfield and St Asaph streets. They were followed by Barbadoes, Madras, Salisbury and Kilmore streets.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central_Police_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Central Police Station">A police station</a> opened in 1973 on Hereford street, it was imploded and demolished in 2015.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[115]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[116]</a> Christchurch hosted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974 British Commonwealth Games">1974 British Commonwealth Games</a> at the purpose-built <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Elizabeth II Park">Queen Elizabeth II Park</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[117]</a> The sports complex was open in 1973, one year before the games.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="2010–11_earthquakes">2010–11 earthquakes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 2010–11 earthquakes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Christchurch earthquake">2010 Christchurch earthquake</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg/220px-February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg/220px-February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg/330px-February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg/440px-February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake_10.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Aftermath of the February 2011 earthquake in the city centre on Colombo Street </figcaption> </figure> On Saturday, 4 September 2010, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010_Canterbury_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010 Canterbury earthquake">a magnitude 7.1 earthquake</a> struck Christchurch and the central Canterbury region at 4:35 am. With its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hypocentre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocentre">hypocentre</a> near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darfield,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darfield, New Zealand">Darfield</a>, west of the city at a depth of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), it caused widespread damage to the city and minor injuries, but no direct fatalities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[119]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bloomberg-123">[120]</a> This was followed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/December_2010_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="December 2010 Christchurch earthquake">Boxing Day earthquake</a> a few months later, which occurred directly under the city centre and also caused widespread damage, but this was less severe.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:15-124">[121]</a> Nearly two months later, on Tuesday 22 February 2011, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/February_2011_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2011 Christchurch earthquake">an earthquake</a> measuring magnitude 6.3 struck the city at 12:51 pm. Its hypocentre was located closer to the city, near Lyttelton, at a depth of 5 km (3 mi).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GeoNet6.3-125">[122]</a> Although lower on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude scale</a> than the previous earthquake, the intensity and violence of the ground shaking was measured to be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">IX (Violent)</a>, among the strongest ever recorded globally in an urban area, which killed 185 people.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[123]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-now184-127">[124]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-listdeceased-128">[125]</a> On 13 June 2011 Christchurch was again rocked by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/June_2011_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="June 2011 Christchurch earthquake">two more large aftershocks</a>. This resulted in more liquefaction and building damage, but no more lives were lost.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129">[126]</a> There were further earthquakes on 23 December 2011; the first, of magnitude 5.8 according to the US Geological Survey, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of the city at a depth of 4.7 km (2.9 mi), at 13:58, followed by several aftershocks and another earthquake of magnitude 6.0 and similar location 80 minutes later.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130">[127]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Port_Hills_fires">Port Hills fires</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Port Hills fires" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017_Port_Hills_fires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017 Port Hills fires">2017 Port Hills fires</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_Port_Hills_fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024 Port Hills fire">2024 Port Hills fire</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg/210px-2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg/210px-2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg/315px-2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg/420px-2017_Port_Hills_fires_15_Feb.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A view of Cashmere on 15 February </figcaption> </figure> On 13 February 2017, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017_Port_Hills_fires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017 Port Hills fires">two bush fires started</a> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_Hills?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a>. These later merged and the single large wildfire extended down both sides of the Port Hill almost reaching <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governors_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governors Bay">Governors Bay</a> in the south-west. Eleven houses were destroyed by fire and over 2,076 hectares (5,130 acres) of land was burned.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[129]</a> In 2024, a second <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_Port_Hills_fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024 Port Hills fire">fire on the Port Hills</a> burned 700 hectares (1,700 acres).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[130]</a> The fire was also started under similarly suspicious circumstances. Lessons from the 2017 fire contributed to a more effective emergency response, and the fire was more-quickly contained. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="2019_mosque_shootings">2019 mosque shootings</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 2019 mosque shootings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a> </div> On 15 March 2019, fifty-one people died from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">two consecutive mass shootings</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Noor_Mosque,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch">Al Noor Mosque</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linwood_Islamic_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linwood Islamic Centre">Linwood Islamic Centre</a> by an Australian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/White_supremacist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134">[131]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[132]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[133]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[134]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Forty others were injured.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rnz00-139">[136]</a> The attacks were described by then prime minister <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> as "one of New Zealand's darkest days".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140">[137]</a> Just days after the attacks the live-streamed footage became classified as objectionable by the Chief Censor, making the footage illegal to possess and distribute within New Zealand.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[138]</a> On 2 June 2020, the attacker pleaded guilty to multiple charges of murder, attempted murder, and terrorism.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[139]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-third_appearance-143">[140]</a> On 27 August, he was sentenced to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Life_imprisonment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Life imprisonment">life in prison</a> without the chance of parole, the first time such a sentence was handed down in New Zealand.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:12-144">[141]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stuff_last_gasp-145">[142]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Reuters_life_sentence-146">[143]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch,_New_Zealand,_NASA_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg/220px-Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="636"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg/220px-Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg/330px-Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg/440px-Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand%2C_NASA_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A satellite image showing Christchurch and surrounding areas </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Location">Location</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Location" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch is halfway along the east coast of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Island">South Island</a>, facing the South Pacific Ocean. With the exception of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_Hills?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a> on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banks_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a> to its south, the city sits on flat land, on average around 20 m (66 ft) above sea level.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cities-147">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geology_of_the_Canterbury_region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geology of the Canterbury region">Geology of the Canterbury region</a> </div> The present land mass of New Zealand split from the super continent of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gondwana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> around 85 million years ago. Prior to that time, mudstone and hardened sandstones commonly known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greywacke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greywacke">greywacke</a> was deposited and deformed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tectonics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tectonics">tectonic</a> movement. Following the split from Gondwana, during the period between 80 and 23 million years ago, the land became eroded and subsided below sea level. Marine and terrestrial sediments were deposited, leaving the greywacke as the oldest and deepest layers (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basement_(geology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basement (geology)">basement rock</a>). Around 11–6 million years ago, volcanic eruptions created the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banks_Peninsula_Volcano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banks Peninsula Volcano">Banks Peninsula volcanic complex</a>. Over the last two million years as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Alps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Alps">Southern Alps</a> were rising, there were multiple periods of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glacial_period?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glacial period">glaciation</a>. Rivers flowing from the mountains carried <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alluvium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a> gravels over the area that is now the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Plains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Plains">Canterbury Plains</a>, covering the underlying rock to depths of between 200 and 600 metres. Continuing tectonic movement created faults that penetrate from the greywacke rock into the layers above. These faults remain beneath Canterbury and Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[145]</a>: 21 The glacial/interglacial cycles of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quaternary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quaternary">Quaternary Period</a> led to multiple rises and falls in sea level. These sea level changes occurred over a period when there was also slow subsidence in the eastern coastal plains of Canterbury and Christchurch. The result has been the deposition of sequences of mostly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fluvial_sediment_processes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fluvial sediment processes">fluvial</a> gravel (occurring during periods of low sea level and glaciation), and fine deposits of silt, sand and clay, with some peat, shells and wood (occurring during interglacial periods when the sea level was similar to the present).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-149">[146]</a>: 13 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Aquifer_and_spring-fed_streams">Aquifer and spring-fed streams</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Aquifer and spring-fed streams" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The layers of gravel beneath the eastern Canterbury plains and Christchurch area form an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquifer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquifer">artesian aquifer</a> with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interbedding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interbedding">interbedded</a> fine sediments as an impermeable layer, or aquiclude. Water pressure from the artesian aquifer has led to the formation of numerous spring-fed streams. In Christchurch, the Avon River / Ōtākaro and Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River rivers have spring-fed sources in the western suburbs of Christchurch, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halswell_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halswell River">Halswell River</a> begins north-west of the Port Hills on the periphery of Christchurch and flows to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Ellesmere_/_Te_Waihora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora">Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-149">[146]</a>: 14 As a consequence of the flat terrain and spring-fed streams, large parts of the area now occupied by Christchurch City were originally a coastal wetland, with extensive swamp forests. Much of the forest was destroyed by fire, mostly likely by the earliest inhabitants, from around 1000 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_Era?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common Era">CE</a>. When European settlers arrived in the 19th century, the area was a mixture of swamp and tussock grasslands, with only remnant patches of forest. An early European visitor was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Barnard_Rhodes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Barnard Rhodes">William Barnard Rhodes</a>, captain of the barque Australian, who climbed the Port Hills from Lyttelton Harbour in September 1836 and observed a large grassy plain with two small areas of forest. He reported that "All the land that I saw was swamp and mostly covered with water".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[147]</a> Most of the eastern, southern and northern parts of the city were wet areas when European settlement began.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[148]</a> Over the period since European settlement commenced, land drainage works have enabled development of land across the city. There are now only small remnants of wetland remaining, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riccarton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riccarton, New Zealand">Riccarton Bush</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travis_Wetland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travis Wetland">Travis Wetland</a>, Ōtukaikino wetland, and the Cashmere Valley.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Central_City">Central City</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Central City" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Central City">Christchurch Central City</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour,_Christchurch,_New_Zealand.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/210px-Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4887" data-file-height="3009"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/210px-Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="129" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/315px-Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/420px-Durham_Street_during_the_blue_hour%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Durham Street in central Christchurch (April 2019) </figcaption> </figure> Christchurch Central City is defined as the area centred on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral_Square,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral Square, Christchurch">Cathedral Square</a> and within the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Four_Avenues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Avenues">Four Avenues</a> (Bealey Avenue, Fitzgerald Avenue, Moorhouse Avenue and Deans Avenue).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[150]</a> It includes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagley_Park,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagley Park, Christchurch">Hagley Park</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Botanic Gardens">Christchurch Botanic Gardens</a>. The design of the central city with its grid pattern of streets, city squares and parkland was laid out by 1850.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200815-47">[45]</a> The central city was among the most heavily damaged areas of Christchurch in the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154">[151]</a> Following the second earthquake, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_City_Red_Zone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central City Red Zone">Central City Red Zone</a> was set up as an exclusion zone for public safety reasons, and many parts remained closed to the public until June 2013.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155">[152]</a> A large number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_historic_places_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of historic places in Christchurch">heritage buildings</a> were demolished following the earthquake, along with most of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of tallest buildings in Christchurch">city's high rise buildings</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[154]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central_Recovery_Plan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Central Recovery Plan">Christchurch Central Recovery Plan</a> was developed to lead the rebuild of the city centre, and featured 17 "anchor projects".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[155]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[156]</a> There has been massive growth in the residential sector in the central city, particularly in the East Frame development.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Suburbs">Suburbs</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Suburbs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Suburbs_of_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Suburbs of Christchurch">Category:Suburbs of Christchurch</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bishop_Street,_Christchurch,_New_Zealand_17.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg/210px-Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3454"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg/210px-Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="133" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg/315px-Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg/420px-Bishop_Street%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand_17.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A typical residential street in a neighbourhood in Christchurch (photographed in St Albans) </figcaption> </figure> There are currently no legal definition of the boundaries of suburbs in Christchurch. The suburb boundaries are largely defined by third-party agencies, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NZ_Post?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NZ Post">New Zealand Post</a>, and may differ between agencies or sources.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161">[158]</a> The earliest suburbs of Christchurch were laid out with streets in a grid pattern, centred on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral_Square,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral Square, Christchurch">Cathedral Square</a>. Growth initially took place along the tramlines, leading to radial development.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Major expansion occurred in the 1950s and 60s, with the development of large areas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_housing_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State housing in New Zealand">state housing</a>. Settlements that had originally been remote, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Brighton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Brighton, New Zealand">New Brighton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Upper_Riccarton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upper Riccarton">Upper Riccarton</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papanui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papanui">Papanui</a> eventually became amalgamated into the expanding city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Satellite_towns">Satellite towns</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Satellite towns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Christchurch <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Functional_urban_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Functional urban area">functional urban area</a>, as defined by Statistics New Zealand, covers 2,408.1 km2 (929.8 sq mi).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Towns and settlements in the functional urban area include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leeston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leeston">Leeston</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governors_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governors Bay">Governors Bay</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamond_Harbour,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamond Harbour, New Zealand">Diamond Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tai_Tapu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tai Tapu">Tai Tapu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little_River,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Little River, New Zealand">Little River</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincoln,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lincoln, New Zealand">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prebbleton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prebbleton">Prebbleton</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolleston,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolleston, New Zealand">Rolleston</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templeton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templeton, New Zealand">Templeton</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Melton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West Melton, New Zealand">West Melton</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rangiora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rangiora">Rangiora</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woodend,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woodend, New Zealand">Woodend</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waikuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waikuku">Waikuku</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pegasus,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pegasus, New Zealand">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaiapoi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaiapoi">Kaiapoi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kainga,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kainga, New Zealand">Kainga</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Pines_Beach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Pines Beach">The Pines Beach</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motukarara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motukarara">Motukarara</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch has a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanic_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfb) with a mild summer, cool winter, and regular moderate rainfall. It has mean daily maximum air temperatures of 22.6 °C (73 °F) in January and 10.9 °C (52 °F) in July.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[162]</a> Summer in the city is mostly warm, but is often moderated by a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sea_breeze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sea breeze">sea breeze</a> from the north-east. A notable feature of the weather is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nor%27west_arch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nor'west arch">nor'wester</a>, a hot <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foehn_wind?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foehn wind">föhn wind</a> that occasionally reaches storm force, causing widespread minor damage to property.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[163]</a> Like many cities, Christchurch experiences an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_heat_island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effect; temperatures are slightly higher within the inner-city regions compared to the surrounding countryside.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[164]</a> The highest temperature recorded in Christchurch was 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) on 7 February 1973,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[165]</a> however the highest for the Christchurch metropolitan area was 42.4 °C (108 °F) recorded in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rangiora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rangiora">Rangiora</a> on the same day.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[166]</a> In winter, subfreezing temperatures are common, with nights falling below 0 °C (32 °F) an average of 50 times a year at Christchurch Airport and 23 times a year in the city centre.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[167]</a> There are on average 80 days of ground frost per year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[168]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Snowfall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowfall">Snowfall</a> occurs on average three times per year, although in some years none is recorded.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated1-172">[169]</a> The lowest temperature recorded in Christchurch was −9.4 °C (15 °F) in the suburb of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wigram?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wigram">Wigram</a> in July 1945.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[170]</a> On cold winter nights, the surrounding hills, clear skies, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frost">frosty</a> calm conditions often combine to form a stable <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inversion (meteorology)">inversion layer</a> above the city that traps vehicle exhausts and smoke from domestic fires to cause smog.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[171]</a> While not as bad as smog in Los Angeles or Mexico City, Christchurch smog has often exceeded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Health_Organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organisation</a> recommendations for air pollution. To limit air pollution, the regional council banned the use of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fire">open fires</a> in the city in 2006.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[172]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Airport">Christchurch Airport</a> (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953–present)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month</th> <th scope="col">Jan</th> <th scope="col">Feb</th> <th scope="col">Mar</th> <th scope="col">Apr</th> <th scope="col">May</th> <th scope="col">Jun</th> <th scope="col">Jul</th> <th scope="col">Aug</th> <th scope="col">Sep</th> <th scope="col">Oct</th> <th scope="col">Nov</th> <th scope="col">Dec</th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1 (98.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0 (104.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9 (96.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3 (81.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (86.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.0 (104.0)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (83.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 (54.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1 (62.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 (48.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 (48.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 (53.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9)</td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0)</td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2)</td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (33.3)</td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6)</td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2 (43.2)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 (41.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3)</td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5)</td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5 (31.1)</td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4 (27.7)</td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4 (24.1)</td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7 (23.5)</td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8 (25.2)</td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6 (27.3)</td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 (30.0)</td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 (32.5)</td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 (38.8)</td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.2 (22.6)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4)</td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7)</td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3 (29.7)</td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0 (24.8)</td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4 (20.5)</td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2 (19.0)</td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8 (19.8)</td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7 (19.9)</td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8 (23.4)</td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2 (24.4)</td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7 (27.1)</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2)</td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.2 (19.0)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches)</th> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.4 (1.67)</td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.8 (1.57)</td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1 (1.78)</td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.5 (2.26)</td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1 (2.29)</td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.3 (2.69)</td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.2 (2.53)</td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1 (2.29)</td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.2 (1.66)</td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1 (1.93)</td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1 (1.78)</td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.8 (1.88)</td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">617.7 (24.33)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)</th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0</td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3</td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7</td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7</td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1</td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6</td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7</td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3</td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2</td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2</td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0</td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0</td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82.8</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relative_humidity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%)</th> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0</td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.8</td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.0</td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.0</td> <td style="background: #0000B2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.6</td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.2</td> <td style="background: #0000AE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.6</td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.1</td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.7</td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0</td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.7</td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.8</td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80.4</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_duration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a></th> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.5</td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.2</td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.6</td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.1</td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.2</td> <td style="background: #B5B562; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.3</td> <td style="background: #B9B94A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.8</td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.5</td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.1</td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.4</td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.7</td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.0</td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,128.4</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_duration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a></th> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51</td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49</td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50</td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50</td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47</td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44</td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44</td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48</td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48</td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50</td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51</td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46</td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ultraviolet_index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a></th> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10</td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8</td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3</td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1</td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1</td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1</td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5</td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8</td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NIWA Climate Data<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NIWA-176">[173]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cliflo_4843-177">[174]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[175]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Time and Date (potential monthly daylight hours)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Time_and_Date-179">[176]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[177]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Christchurch gardens (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1863–present)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month</th> <th scope="col">Jan</th> <th scope="col">Feb</th> <th scope="col">Mar</th> <th scope="col">Apr</th> <th scope="col">May</th> <th scope="col">Jun</th> <th scope="col">Jul</th> <th scope="col">Aug</th> <th scope="col">Sep</th> <th scope="col">Oct</th> <th scope="col">Nov</th> <th scope="col">Dec</th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6 (97.9)</td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3 (81.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4 (88.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7)</td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4 (88.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.7 (90.9)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0 (59.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 (59.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.3 (63.2)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 (46.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 (54.2)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5)</td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5)</td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 (35.8)</td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 (37.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (47.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5)</td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6)</td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 (35.4)</td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4 (31.3)</td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4 (27.7)</td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6 (27.3)</td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9 (28.6)</td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5 (31.1)</td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (34.5)</td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (36.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4)</td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0)</td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2)</td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9 (30.4)</td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6 (25.5)</td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1 (21.0)</td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8 (21.6)</td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1 (19.2)</td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4 (22.3)</td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8 (23.4)</td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3 (26.1)</td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3 (27.9)</td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (33.1)</td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.1 (19.2)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches)</th> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.2 (1.78)</td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.0 (1.54)</td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4 (1.91)</td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1 (2.44)</td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4 (2.50)</td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.8 (2.87)</td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9 (2.52)</td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.9 (2.40)</td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.6 (1.68)</td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.5 (1.95)</td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.5 (1.75)</td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6 (2.03)</td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">643.9 (25.37)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[178]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Christchurch City covers a land area of 1,415.15 km2 (546.39 sq mi)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Area-182">[179]</a> and had an estimated population of 415,100 as of June 2024,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-5">[5]</a> with a population density of 293 people per km2. This is the second-most populous area administered by a single council in New Zealand, and the largest city in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Island">South Island</a>. The population comprises 403,300 people in the Christchurch <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_areas_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban areas of New Zealand">urban area</a>, 3,310 people in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a> urban area, 1,720 people in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamond_Harbour,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamond Harbour, New Zealand">Diamond Harbour</a> urban area, and 6,770 people in rural settlements and areas. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style> <table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"> <caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold"> Historical population for the territorial authority </caption> <tbody> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">281,721</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">288,948</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.51%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">296,061</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.49%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">316,611</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.35%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">323,956</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.46%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">348,456</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.47%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">341,469</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.29%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">369,006</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.56%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">391,383</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.18%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hispopgrow-183">[180]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2018-184">[181]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2023-185">[182]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Christchurch City had a population of 391,383 in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 22,377 people (6.1%) since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 49,914 people (14.6%) since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 192,684 males, 196,557 females and 2,139 people of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Non-binary_gender?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 150,909 dwellings.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[183]</a> 4.5% of people identified as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBTQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 37.5 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 64,722 people (16.5%) aged under 15 years, 84,633 (21.6%) aged 15 to 29, 178,113 (45.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 63,912 (16.3%) aged 65 or older.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2023-185">[182]</a> Of those at least 15 years old, 70,764 (21.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 160,440 (49.1%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 73,659 (22.5%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $40,400, compared with $41,500 nationally. 35,010 people (10.7%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 163,554 (50.1%) people were employed full-time, 47,463 (14.5%) were part-time, and 8,913 (2.7%) were unemployed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2023-185">[182]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png/220px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2234" data-file-height="2138"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 211px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png/220px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png" data-width="220" data-height="211" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png/330px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png/440px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Christchurch_City.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Population density in the 2023 census </figcaption> </figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Individual wards </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Area (km2)</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Density (per km2)</th> <th>Dwellings</th> <th>Median age</th> <th>Median income</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Harewood</td> <td style="text-align:right;">122.80</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,470</td> <td style="text-align:right;">207</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,921</td> <td>42.4 years</td> <td>$41,800<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187">[184]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Waimairi</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.44</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,997</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,299</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,559</td> <td>37.8 years</td> <td>$36,600<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[185]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Papanui</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.86</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,137</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,119</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,810</td> <td>38.6 years</td> <td>$40,600<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189">[186]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fendalton</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.97</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,122</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,520</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,396</td> <td>40.9 years</td> <td>$43,400<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190">[187]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Innes</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.87</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,035</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,945</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,575</td> <td>35.3 years</td> <td>$43,300<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191">[188]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Burwood</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.70</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,245</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,350</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,369</td> <td>38.0 years</td> <td>$39,600<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192">[189]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Coastal</td> <td style="text-align:right;">52.14</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,857</td> <td style="text-align:right;">496</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,074</td> <td>40.0 years</td> <td>$40,600<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193">[190]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hornby</td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.75</td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,478</td> <td style="text-align:right;">543</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,351</td> <td>35.8 years</td> <td>$41,200<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[191]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Halswell</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.30</td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,590</td> <td style="text-align:right;">709</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,044</td> <td>37.2 years</td> <td>$47,900<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[192]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Riccarton</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.75</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,593</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,925</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,965</td> <td>27.0 years</td> <td>$24,700<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196">[193]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Spreydon</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.75</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,773</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,193</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,080</td> <td>35.4 years</td> <td>$41,500<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197">[194]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Central</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,192</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,095</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,178</td> <td>33.3 years</td> <td>$42,200<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198">[195]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cashmere</td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.15</td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,373</td> <td style="text-align:right;">875</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,206</td> <td>42.8 years</td> <td>$49,400<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199">[196]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Linwood</td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.74</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,577</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,408</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,360</td> <td>36.7 years</td> <td>$35,500<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200">[197]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Heathcote</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.16</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,749</td> <td style="text-align:right;">732</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,923</td> <td>41.9 years</td> <td>$44,600<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[198]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Banks Peninsula</td> <td style="text-align:right;">973.22</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,195</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,098</td> <td>50.9 years</td> <td>$40,300<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202">[199]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>New Zealand</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>38.1 years</th> <th style="text-align:left;">$41,500</th> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Culture_and_identity">Culture and identity</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Culture and identity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 75.9% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_New_Zealanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 11.2% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 4.3% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 17.1% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 1.9% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 95.8%, Māori language by 2.4%, Samoan by 1.3% and other languages by 16.8%. No language could be spoken by 2.1% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 27.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.6% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 2.1% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 1.3% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.4% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 1.0% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.5% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Age">New Age</a>, 0.1% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judaism_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New Zealand">Jewish</a>, and 2.0% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 54.9%, and 6.3% of people did not answer the census question.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2023-185">[182]</a> At the 2018 census, Europeans formed the majority in all sixteen wards, ranging from 57.7% in the Riccarton ward to 93.1% in the Banks Peninsula ward. The highest concentrations of Māori and Pasifika people were in the Linwood ward (18.3% and 9.0% respectively), followed by the Burwood ward (15.5% and 6.6%), while the highest concentrations of Asian people were in the Riccarton ward (34.9%) and Waimairi ward (26.7%).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Urban_area">Urban area</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Urban area" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch urban area covers 294.43 km2 (113.68 sq mi)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Area-182">[179]</a> and had an estimated population of 403,300 as of June 2024,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-5">[5]</a> with a population density of 1,370 people per km2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261442011"> <table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"> <caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold"> Historical population for the urban area </caption> <tbody> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">330,645</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">358,068</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.61%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">380,079</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-204">[201]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The urban area had a population of 380,079 in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 22,011 people (6.1%) since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 49,434 people (15.0%) since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 187,086 males, 190,911 females and 2,082 people of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Non-binary_gender?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 146,055 dwellings.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205">[202]</a> 4.5% of people identified as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBTQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 37.1 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 63,138 people (16.6%) aged under 15 years, 83,217 (21.9%) aged 15 to 29, 172,314 (45.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 61,413 (16.2%) aged 65 or older.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-204">[201]</a> People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 75.4% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_New_Zealanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 11.3% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 4.4% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 17.5% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 1.9% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 95.7%, Māori language by 2.4%, Samoan by 1.3% and other languages by 17.0%. No language could be spoken by 2.1% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 27.9, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.8% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 2.2% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 1.3% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.4% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 1.0% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.5% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Age">New Age</a>, 0.1% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judaism_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New Zealand">Jewish</a>, and 2.0% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 54.6%, and 6.3% of people did not answer the census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 68,472 (21.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 155,583 (49.1%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 71,943 (22.7%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $40,400, compared with $41,500 nationally. 33,714 people (10.6%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 158,859 (50.1%) people were employed full-time, 45,678 (14.4%) were part-time, and 8,727 (2.8%) were unemployed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-204">[201]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For the regional economy, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury Region § Economy</a>. </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Economic_profile_in_2023">Economic profile in 2023</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Economic profile in 2023" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2023, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Christchurch City was $31.5 billion, representing 8.4% of New Zealand's total GDP. The sector with the largest contribution to the Christchurch City GDP was professional, scientific and technical services, at 12%. This is higher than the 9.6% contribution that these services make to the national economy. The next highest contribution to the city GDP was from healthcare and social assistance at 8.8%, versus 6.5% in the national economy. Manufacturing contributed 8.1%, compared with 8.2% in the national economy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206">[203]</a> Christchurch City provides a diverse range of services for the Canterbury Region, but there are significant differences in the ranking of the sectors with the greatest contribution to GDP, when comparing the city GDP with the Canterbury Region GDP. Manufacturing and construction are the top two ranked sectors for the Canterbury region, but these two sectors are ranked third and fourth for the contribution to the city GDP. Conversely, professional, scientific and technical services are top ranked for the city, but third in the Canterbury Region GDP. Healthcare and social assistance is ranked second in the city GDP, but only seventh in the Canterbury Region GDP. Agriculture remains a significant contributor to the Canterbury Region GDP (sixth placed at $3.3 billion).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207">[204]</a> The four largest industries in the city, based on the percentage of filled jobs were healthcare and social assistance, professional scientific and technical services, construction, and retail trade. Christchurch City had a higher proportion of people in employed in healthcare and social assistance (12.9%) than the national average (10.3%), but the proportions employed in professional, scientific and technical services, construction and retail trade were close to the national averages.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-208">[205]</a> A number of nationally and internationally recognised brands and companies were founded and have their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Companies based in Christchurch">headquarters in Christchurch</a> including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macpac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macpac">Macpac</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KMD_Brands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KMD Brands">Kathmandu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PGG_Wrightson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PGG Wrightson">PGG Wrightson</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tait_Communications?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tait Communications">Tait Communications</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cookie_Time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cookie Time">Cookie Time</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smiths_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smiths City">Smiths City</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Industry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch is the second-largest manufacturing centre in New Zealand behind <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auckland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, the sector being the second-largest contributor to the local economy,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209">[206]</a> with firms such as Anderson's making steel work for bridges, tunnels, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hydroelectricity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> dams in the early days of infrastructure work. Now manufacturing is mainly of light products and the key market is Australia, with firms such as those pioneered by the Stewart family among the larger employers. Before clothing manufacture largely moved to Asia, Christchurch was the centre of the New Zealand clothing industry, with firms such as LWR Industries. The firms that remain mostly design and market, and manufacture in Asia. The city also had five footwear manufacturers, but these have been replaced by imports. In the last few decades, technology-based industries have sprung up in Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angus_Tait?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angus Tait">Angus Tait</a> founded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tait_Communications?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tait Communications">Tait Electronics</a>, a mobile-radio manufacturer, and other firms spun off from this, such as Dennis Chapman's Swichtec. In software, Cantabrian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gil_Simpson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gil Simpson">Gil Simpson</a> founded a company that made <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LINC_4GL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LINC 4GL">LINC</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JADE_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JADE (programming language)">Jade</a> programming languages, and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Management_buyout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Management buyout">management buyout</a> spawned local firm Wynyard Group. There have also been spin-offs from the electrical department of the University of Canterbury engineering school. These included Pulse Data, which became Human Ware (making reading devices and computers for blind people and those with limited vision) and CES Communications (encryption). The Pulse Data founders had moved from the Canterbury University engineering school to work for Wormald Inc. when they set up Pulse Data through a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Management_buyout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Management buyout">Management buyout</a> of their division.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Spin-off company Invert Robotics developed the world's first climbing robot capable of climbing on stainless steel, aimed at the dairy tank inspection market.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-211">[208]</a> In recent times, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a> engineering school and computer science department play an important role in supplying staff and research for the technology industries, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Polytechnic_Institute_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology">Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology</a> provides a flow of trained technicians and engineers. Locally and nationally, the IT sector is known not for its size (the third largest in New Zealand) but for producing innovative and entrepreneurial solutions, products and concepts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Services_for_agriculture">Services for agriculture</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Services for agriculture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_Farmers_Market_(8133157161).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Farmers_Market_%288133157161%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Christchurch <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Farmers%27_market?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Farmers' market">farmers' market</a>, Riccarton, beside <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riccarton_House?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riccarton House">Riccarton House</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-213">[210]</a> </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">agricultural industry</a> was originally the economic core of Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agriculture-214">[211]</a> Its surrounding farming countryside was originally the basis of its industry, part of the original "package" sold to New Zealand immigrants.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215">[212]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PGG_Wrightson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PGG Wrightson">PGG Wrightson</a>, New Zealand's leading agribusiness, is based in Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216">[213]</a> Its local roots go back to Pyne Gould Guinness, an old stock and station agency serving the South Island.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217">[214]</a> Other agribusinesses in Christchurch have included malting, seed development and dressing, wool and meat processing, and small biotechnology operations using by-products from meat works.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agriculture-214">[211]</a> Dairying has grown strongly in the surrounding areas, with high world prices for milk products and the use of irrigation to lift grass growth on dry land. With its higher labour use, this has helped stop declines in rural population. Many cropping and sheep farms have been converted to dairying. Conversions have been by agribusiness companies as well as by farmers, many of whom have moved south from North Island dairying strongholds such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taranaki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waikato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waikato">Waikato</a>. Cropping has always been important in the Canterbury Region. Wheat and barley and various strains of clover and other grasses for seed exporting have been the main crops. These have all created processing businesses in Christchurch. Agriculture in the region has diversified, with a wine industry developing at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waipara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waipara">Waipara</a>, and the beginnings of new horticulture industries such as olive production and processing. Deer farming has led to new processing using antlers for Asian medicine and aphrodisiacs. The high-quality local wine in particular has increased the appeal of Canterbury and Christchurch to tourists.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218">[215]</a> An important component of the regions agricultural calendar is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_A%26P_Show?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury A&P Show">Canterbury A&P Show</a>. The first show took place in Christchurch on 22 October 1862<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219">[216]</a> and is now the largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultural_show?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultural show">agricultural and pastoral show</a> in New Zealand featuring a combination of agriculture presentations, trade stalls, competitions and entertainment over three days. The Friday of the A&P Show had since at least 1918 been the People's Day or Show Day, and sometime between 1955 and 1958, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a> moved the anniversary day to coincide with Show Day, as this allowed banks and businesses to close and people to attend the A&P Show.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a> is also a significant factor in the city economy. As a city with a major international airport and the largest city in the South Island, Christchurch is a gateway for international tourists visiting the South Island attractions of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aoraki_/_Mount_Cook_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park">Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Coast_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West Coast Region">West Coast</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaikōura">Kaikōura</a>. However, the city is also a destination in itself because of its gardens, its history and heritage, galleries and museums, the scenery of the Port Hills, and the stories of the impact and recovery from the 2011 earthquakes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-220">[217]</a> The tourism sector contributed 3.7% of the GDP of Christchurch in 2023, a significant increase over the 2.1% contribution in 2000. Annual growth in the tourism GDP since 2000 has been an average of 5.9%, slightly below the national average growth rate of 6.9%.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-221">[218]</a> The largest category of tourism expenditure in 2023 was sales at $780m (31.6% of total tourism spending). The next highest category was passenger transport, at $392.5M (15.9% of total).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Gateway_to_the_Antarctic">Gateway to the Antarctic</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Gateway to the Antarctic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The city began its long history as an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antarctic_gateway_cities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antarctic gateway cities">Antarctic gateway</a> in 1901, when the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discovery_Expedition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery Expedition</a> left from Lyttelton.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200860-223">[220]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224">[221]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a>'s second departure from Christchurch in 1910 would be his last; he died as part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova Expedition</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225">[222]</a> The city mourned his death, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Falcon_Scott,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statue of Robert Falcon Scott, Christchurch">a memorial statue</a> of him was unveiled in 1917.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200873-226">[223]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-227">[224]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Antarctic_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Antarctic Centre">International Antarctic Centre</a> provides both base facilities and a museum and visitor centre focused upon current Antarctic activities. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Navy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Air_National_Guard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air National Guard">United States Air National Guard</a>, augmented by the New Zealand and Australian air forces, use Christchurch Airport as the take-off point for the main supply route to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/McMurdo_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scott_Base?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scott Base">Scott Bases</a> in Antarctica. The Clothing Distribution Center in Christchurch had more than 140,000 pieces of extreme cold weather gear for issue to nearly 2,000 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Antarctic_Program?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Antarctic Program">United States Antarctic Program</a> participants in the 2007–08 season.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SUN-228">[225]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Government">Government</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Local government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg/220px-CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg/220px-CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg/330px-CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg/440px-CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Canterbury Provincial Council Building </figcaption> </figure> Christchurch's local government is a democracy with various elements, including: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>, comprising the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayor_of_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayor of Christchurch">Mayor of Christchurch</a>, and 16 councillors elected in 16 wards: Spreydon, Cashmere, Halswell, Riccarton, Hornby, Fendalton, Waimairi, Papanui, Innes, Central, Linwood, Heathcote, Harewood, Burwood, Coastal, and Banks Peninsula.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Community_Boards" title="Christchurch City Council">Community boards</a>, currently six, typically covering 3 wards with 2 members elected, and one councillor appointed from each (9 members): Waihoro Spreydon-Cashmere-Heathcote, Waipapa Papanui-Innes-Central, Waipuna Halswell-Hornby-Riccarton, Waimaero Fendalton-Waimairi-Harewood, Waitai Coastal-Burwood-Linwood; the exception to this rule being the one covering Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū Banks Peninsula where all members are elected from 4 subdivisions within the Banks Peninsula Ward (Akaroa, Mount Herbert, Lyttelton, Wairewa) alongside the Ward Councillor.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of New Zealand">District councils</a> in surrounding areas: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selwyn_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selwyn District">Selwyn</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waimakariri_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waimakariri District">Waimakariri</a>. The Banks Peninsula district council was amalgamated into Christchurch City in March 2006 after a vote by the Banks Peninsula residents to disestablish in November 2005.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Regional_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Regional Council">Canterbury Regional Council</a>, known as 'Environment Canterbury', including four Christchurch constituencies with two members from each constituency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-229">[226]</a></li> <li>Prior to the disestablishment of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_health_board?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="District health board">district health board</a> model during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022_New_Zealand_local_elections?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022 New Zealand local elections">2022 local elections</a>, elections were also held for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_District_Health_Board?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury District Health Board">Canterbury District Health Board</a>, with five members for Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230">[227]</a></li> </ul> Some of the local governments in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NZ_Transport_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NZ Transport Agency">NZ Transport Agency</a> have created the Greater Christchurch Urban Development Strategy to facilitate future <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_planning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Central_government">Central government</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Central government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch is covered by seven <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand electorates">general electorates</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banks_Peninsula_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banks Peninsula (New Zealand electorate)">Banks Peninsula</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch Central (New Zealand electorate)">Christchurch Central</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_East_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch East (New Zealand electorate)">Christchurch East</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilam_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilam (New Zealand electorate)">Ilam</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selwyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)">Selwyn</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waimakariri_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waimakariri (New Zealand electorate)">Waimakariri</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wigram_(New_Zealand_electorate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wigram (New Zealand electorate)">Wigram</a>) and one Māori electorate (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Tai_Tonga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Tai Tonga">Te Tai Tonga</a>),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232">[229]</a> each returning one member to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">New Zealand House of Representatives</a>. As of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023 New Zealand general election</a> there are four general electorate members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> party and three members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> party. The Māori electorate is represented by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275448275">.mw-parser-output .defaultleft{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .defaultcenter{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .defaultright{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .col1left td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2left td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3left td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4left td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5left td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6left td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7left td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8left td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9left td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10left td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11left td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12left td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13left 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td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27center td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28center td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"> <caption> Members of Parliament </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Banks Peninsula</th> <th>Christchurch Central</th> <th>Christchurch East</th> <th>Ilam</th> <th>Selwyn</th> <th>Waimakariri</th> <th>Wigram</th> <th>Te Tai Tonga</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:WEENINK,_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_(cropped).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png/70px-WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="670"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 91px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png/70px-WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png" data-width="70" data-height="91" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png/105px-WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png/140px-WEENINK%2C_Vanessa_-_Banks_Peninsula_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Duncan_Webb_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="624"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="70" data-height="93" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Duncan_Webb_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Reuben_Davidson_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="70" data-height="93" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Reuben_Davidson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:CAMPBELL,_Hamish_-_Ilam_(cropped).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png/70px-CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="670"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 91px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png/70px-CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png" data-width="70" data-height="91" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png/105px-CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png/140px-CAMPBELL%2C_Hamish_-_Ilam_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:GRIGG,_Nicola_-_Selwyn_(cropped).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png/70px-GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="729"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png/70px-GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png" data-width="70" data-height="93" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png/105px-GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png/140px-GRIGG%2C_Nicola_-_Selwyn_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:DOOCEY,_Matt_-_Waimakariri_(cropped).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png/70px-DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="670"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 91px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png/70px-DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png" data-width="70" data-height="91" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png/105px-DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png/140px-DOOCEY%2C_Matt_-_Waimakariri_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Megan_Woods_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="624"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="70" data-height="93" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Megan_Woods_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg/70px-T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="872"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg/70px-T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg" data-width="70" data-height="93" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg/105px-T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg/140px-T%C4%81kuta_Ferris.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vanessa_Weenink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vanessa Weenink">Vanessa Weenink</a> (National)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duncan_Webb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> (Labour)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reuben_Davidson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reuben Davidson">Reuben Davidson</a> (Labour)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamish_Campbell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamish Campbell">Hamish Campbell</a> (National)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicola_Grigg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicola Grigg">Nicola Grigg</a> (National)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matt_Doocey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matt Doocey">Matt Doocey</a> (National)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Megan_Woods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Megan Woods">Megan Woods</a> (Labour)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tākuta Ferris">Tākuta Ferris</a> (Te Pāti Māori)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Culture_and_entertainment">Culture and entertainment</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Culture and entertainment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg/220px-ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg/220px-ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg/330px-ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg/440px-ChristchurchBasilica_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch">Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament</a>, damaged by the 2011 earthquake and subsequently demolished </figcaption> </figure> The architecture of Christchurch has been said to be distinctly English; however, it contains various European elements, with strong <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-233">[230]</a> As early settlers of New Zealand, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a> is also prevalent in the city. It features many public open spaces and parks, river beds and cafés and restaurants situated in the city centre and surrounding suburbs.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cinema" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Historically, most cinemas were grouped around Cathedral Square.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-234">[231]</a> One of the first generation of suburban cinemas still operating as a cinema, the Hollywood in Sumner, operated from 1938 until 2022; before closing to be refurbished and becoming part of the Silky Otter cinema chain<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-235">[232]</a> which also runs a cinema in Wigram. The largest multiplexes were the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoyts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoyts">Hoyts</a> 8 in the old <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_railway_station_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Second_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch railway station (New Zealand)">railway station on Moorhouse Avenue</a> (now replaced by EntX)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-236">[233]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reading_Entertainment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Entertainment">Reading Cinemas</a> (also eight screens) in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Palms_Shopping_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Palms Shopping Centre">the Palms Shopping Centre</a> in Shirley. Hoyts in Riccarton opened in 2005<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-237">[234]</a> with one of its screens for a time holding the record for the largest in New Zealand. The Rialto Cinemas on Moorhouse avenue specialised in international films and art house productions. The Rialto also hosted the majority of the city's various film festivals and was home to the local film society. The Rialto was closed following the February 2011 earthquake. The Alice Cinema first operated as a specialised video store, now has two screens and a comprehensive library foreign films, documentaries, cult and arthouse films to rent.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-238">[235]</a> The Canterbury Film Society is active in the city, operating every Monday evening from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Art_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Art Gallery">Christchurch Art Gallery</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-239">[236]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Jackson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> film <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heavenly_Creatures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heavenly Creatures">Heavenly Creatures</a> (1994), starring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melanie_Lynskey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melanie Lynskey">Melanie Lynskey</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kate_Winslet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a>, was set in Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Parks_and_nature">Parks and nature</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Parks and nature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/220px-Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/220px-Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/330px-Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/440px-Pond_in_front_of_Rock_Garden_in_Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Botanic Gardens">Christchurch Botanic Gardens</a> </figcaption> </figure> Christchurch has been described as The Garden City because of the large number of public parks and well-developed residential gardens with many trees. A British lawyer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Eldon_Gorst?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Eldon Gorst">John Eldon Gorst</a>, stated that Christchurch reminded him of the garden cities in England, and he called it as such.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241">[238]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-242">[239]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagley_Park,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagley Park, Christchurch">Hagley Park</a> and the 33-hectare (82-acre) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Botanic Gardens">Christchurch Botanic Gardens</a>, founded in 1863,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-243">[240]</a> are in the central city, which is an active habitat for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kererū">kererū</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-244">[241]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagley_Oval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagley Oval">Hagley Oval</a> is a popular <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cricket_field?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cricket field">cricket field</a>. Other sports such as association football, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rugby_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> are popular in Hagley Park, and open-air concerts by local bands and orchestras.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-245">[242]</a> North Hagley Park is known for its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cherry_blossom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cherry blossom">cherry blossoms</a>, planted along Harper Avenue on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arbor_Day?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arbor Day">Arbor Day</a> in 1936.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-246">[243]</a> During the flowering season the trees are popular with visitors.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-247">[244]</a> To the east lies Rāwhiti Domain, in New Brighton, and to the north lies Spencer Park. And there are many inner city urban parks such as, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latimer_Square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latimer Square">Latimer Square</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cranmer_Square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cranmer Square">Cranmer Square</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Square,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Square, Christchurch">Victoria Square</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2005103%E2%80%93109-248">[245]</a> To the north of the city is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willowbank_Wildlife_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willowbank Wildlife Reserve">Willowbank Wildlife Reserve</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travis_Wetland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travis Wetland">Travis Wetland</a>, an ecological restoration programme to create a wetland, many native plants and birdlife thrive there, notably <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_spoonbill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal spoonbill">royal spoonbills</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spotless_crake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spotless crake">spotless crake</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-249">[246]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-250">[247]</a> and recent plantings of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fork-leaved_sundew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fork-leaved sundew">fork-leaved sundew</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251">[248]</a> It is located to the east of the city centre near the suburb of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burwood,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burwood, New Zealand">Burwood</a> and North New Brighton. There has been recent work to restore Papanui Bush, it began in 2018, with recent plantings of native wildlife such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rimu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimu">rimu</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dtara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōtara">tōtara</a> to restore this area like it was pre-European urbanisation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-252">[249]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-253">[250]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orana_Wildlife_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orana Wildlife Park">Orana Wildlife Park</a> is New Zealand's only open-range zoo, sitting on 80 hectares of land, located on the outskirts of Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Theatre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Theatre_Royal,_Christchurch,_New_Zealand.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3063" data-file-height="2451"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Theatre_Royal%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Isaac Theatre Royale, with Edwardian-style architecture </figcaption> </figure> Christchurch has a long history with performing arts, dating back to December 1861, when the first theatre opened on the current site of The Press building on Gloucester Street.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Walton-255">[252]</a> Across the road from that building is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_Theatre_Royal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac Theatre Royal">Isaac Theatre Royal</a>, originally opened in 1863, and has since been rebuilt four times, most recently the building was moderately damaged following the 2011 earthquake.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256">[253]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-257">[254]</a> The Isaac Theatre Royal reopened to the public on 17 November 2014.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Walton-255">[252]</a> Christchurch has one full-time professional theatre, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Court_Theatre_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Court Theatre (New Zealand)">Court Theatre</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-258">[255]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259">[256]</a> founded in 1971. Originally based in the Christchurch Arts Centre, the Court Theatre has been located in the suburb of Addington in temporary accommodation following the 2011 earthquakes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-260">[257]</a> Construction of a new premises located in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central_Recovery_Plan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Performing_Arts_Precinct" title="Christchurch Central Recovery Plan">Performing Arts Precinct</a> is due to be complete in 2025.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261">[258]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_Theatre_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free Theatre Christchurch">Free Theatre Christchurch</a> was established in 1979 and based in the Arts Centre from 1982,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-262">[259]</a> and Showbiz Christchurch, an incorporated society established in 1938 and primarily producing musical theatre.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-263">[260]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-264">[261]</a> There is also an active recreational theatre scene with community-based theatre companies, such as the Christchurch Repertory Society,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265">[262]</a> Elmwood Players,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-266">[263]</a> Riccarton Players,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-267">[264]</a> and Canterbury Children's Theatre,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268">[265]</a> producing many quality shows. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Music">Music</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The city is known for its many live acts,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LiveMusic-269">[266]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-270">[267]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-271">[268]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-272">[269]</a> including a professional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orchestra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orchestra">symphony orchestra</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-273">[270]</a> After the closure of Canterbury Opera in 2006, due to financial reasons, in 2009 another professional opera company, Southern Opera, was founded. After the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes, it suspended its activities, before merging with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Opera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Opera">New Zealand Opera</a> in 2013.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-274">[271]</a> Christchurch is a home for the experimental music scene of New Zealand. There are usually buskers around the town square, and Christchurch also hosts the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Buskers_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Buskers Festival">World Buskers Festival</a> in January each year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-275">[272]</a> Singer-songwriter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hayley_Westenra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hayley Westenra">Hayley Westenra</a> launched her international career by busking in Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-276">[273]</a> Some of New Zealand's acts, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shapeshifter_(band)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shapeshifter (band)">Shapeshifter</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ladi6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ladi6">Ladi6</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiki_Taane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiki Taane">Tiki Taane</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Truth_(Dubstep_Artist)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Truth (Dubstep Artist)">Truth</a> are from Christchurch. Promoters, Venues and clubs such as Bassfreaks, The Bedford and Dux Live regularly have international, and New Zealand acts within the Drum and Bass scene performing live in Christchurch, along with dance parties, raves and gigs all featuring NZ and local Drum and Bass DJs, with often two or three happening on a single night or weekend (e.g. 2010 when UK Dubstep DJ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctor_P?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctor P">Doctor P</a> with Crushington was playing at The Bedford, while simultaneously <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concord_Dawn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concord Dawn">Concord Dawn</a> featuring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Trei&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Trei (page does not exist)">Trei</a> and Bulletproof was playing at Ministry).[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In recent developments, hip hop has effectively landed in Christchurch.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-277">[274]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-278">[275]</a> In 2000, First Aotearoa Hip Hop Summit was held there.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-279">[276]</a> And in 2003, Christchurch's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scribe_(rapper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scribe (rapper)">Scribe</a> released his debut album in New Zealand and has received five times platinum in that country, in addition to achieving two number one singles.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-280">[277]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-281">[278]</a> Since 2015 the city has hosted <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electric_Avenue_(New_Zealand_festival)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electric Avenue (New Zealand festival)">Electric Avenue</a>, a two-day music festival in Hagley Park which is the largest held in Australasia.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-282">[279]</a> Taking place annually in February, the festival hosts international and domestic acts, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lorde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lorde">Lorde</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Chemical_Brothers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Chemical Brothers">The Chemical Brothers</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Prodigy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a> being amongst recent headliners. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Venues">Venues</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Venues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts,_New_Zealand.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5421" data-file-height="3535"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Town_Hall_of_the_Performing_Arts%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Town Hall">Christchurch Town Hall</a> (2019) </figcaption> </figure> Situated in Addington, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolfbrook_Arena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolfbrook Arena">Wolfbrook Arena</a> is the city's major multipurpose indoor arena.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-283">[280]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-venuesot-wolfbrook-blurb-284">[281]</a> The venue has capacity for nearly 9000 people when configured for concerts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-venuesot-wolfbrook-blurb-284">[281]</a> In sports, it is one of the home venues of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainland_Tactix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainland Tactix">Mainland Tactix</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netball">netball</a> side<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-285">[282]</a> and was the venue for the 1999 World Netball championships.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-286">[283]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Town Hall">Christchurch Town Hall</a> auditorium opened in September 1972, it was the first major auditorium design by architects <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warren_and_Mahoney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warren and Mahoney">Warren and Mahoney</a> and acousticians Marshall Day.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-287">[284]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-288">[285]</a> It is still recognised as a model example of concert-hall design with an excellent modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pipe_organ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pipe organ">pipe organ</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-289">[286]</a> The hall was reopened on 23 February 2019, after being closed for eight years for repair after the significant damage caused by the February <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-290">[287]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-291">[288]</a> Christchurch also has <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Casino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Casino">a casino</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-292">[289]</a> and there are also a wide range of live music venues<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LiveMusic-269">[266]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-293">[290]</a> – some short-lived, others with decades of history. Classical music concerts were held at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Music_Centre_of_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Music Centre of Christchurch">Christchurch Music Centre</a> until it was demolished as a result of earthquake damage. The Piano was built to offer a variety of performance spaces for music and the arts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-294">[291]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-295">[292]</a> In late 2014 it was announced that a 475 million dollar project was underway to build a convention centre located on the block defined by Armagh Street, Oxford Terrace, Worcester Street and Colombo Street.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-296">[293]</a> Gloucester Street becomes part of the Centre itself, but allows for retail use and public access. The convention centre, now called Te Pae, hosts several events at the same time; starting with space for up to 2,000 people, this complements facilities in Auckland and Queenstown. Te Pae opened on 17 December 2021.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-297">[294]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-298">[295]</a> In 2012, in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Central_Recovery_Plan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Central Recovery Plan">Christchurch Central Recovery Plan</a>, it was announced there will be a replacement for Lancaster Park. Construction started on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Kaha_(stadium)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Kaha (stadium)">a new stadium</a> in 2022 and is due to be complete in April 2026.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-299">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Festivals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch had a biennial Festival of Transitional Architecture (FESTA) from 2012 to 2018 founded by architectural historian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jessica_Halliday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jessica Halliday">Jessica Halliday</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-300">[297]</a> This has turned into an annual festival of architecture events called Open Christchurch since 2019 run by Te Pūtahi Centre for Architecture and City Making.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-301">[298]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WORD_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WORD Christchurch">Word Christchurch</a> is a long running literary festival, the director in 2023 is Steph Walker.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-302">[299]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sport_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sport in Christchurch">Sport in Christchurch</a> </div> Sport in Christchurch has developed from the time of the initial settlement of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a> by British migrants, and remains an important part of community life. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cricket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rugby_union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> have been popular team sports since the early years of settlement, with the first cricket club established in the city in 1851, and the first rugby club in 1863. Interest in organised sports has diversified and now includes a wide range of codes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-303">[300]</a> In 2022, the top five sporting codes in Canterbury based on club membership were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netball">netball</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Touch_rugby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Touch rugby">touch rugby</a>, rugby union, golf and cricket.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-304">[301]</a> There are around 1,200 sports clubs and associations,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-305">[302]</a> and in 2022 there were 140,000 affiliated members.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-88">[85]</a> Most of the sporting codes remain amateur, and rely upon volunteers as administrators and officials.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2013293-306">[303]</a> However, there are some professional teams. Notable teams representing Christchurch or the Canterbury region include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainland_Tactix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainland Tactix">Mainland Tactix</a> (netball), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crusaders_(rugby_union)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crusaders (rugby union)">Crusaders</a> (rugby) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_cricket_team?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury cricket team">Canterbury Kings</a> (cricket). The city has hosted many international competitions including championship events. A particularly notable international event held in Christchurch was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Commonwealth Games">1974 Commonwealth Games</a>. There are many outdoor sportsgrounds and a variety of indoor venues. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a> maintains 110 sportsgrounds across Christchurch City and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banks_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-307">[304]</a> The sports venues <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lancaster_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lancaster Park">Lancaster Park</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Elizabeth II Park">Queen Elizabeth II Park</a> were damaged beyond repair in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a>, and were demolished.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2013305-308">[305]</a> New facilities built to replace those damaged in the earthquake include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Puna_Wai_Sports_Hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ngā Puna Wai Sports Hub">Ngā Puna Wai Sports Hub</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-309">[306]</a> the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Parakiore_Recreation_and_Sport_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Parakiore Recreation and Sport Centre (page does not exist)">Parakiore Recreation and Sport Centre</a> — an aquatic and indoor sports venue scheduled to open in 2025,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-310">[307]</a> and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multi-purpose_stadium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Multi-purpose stadium">multi–purpose covered stadium</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Kaha_(stadium)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Kaha (stadium)">Te Kaha</a> seating 30,000 spectators that is expected to be complete by April 2026.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-311">[308]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of schools in Christchurch">List of schools in Christchurch</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:James_Hight_Building_003.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/James_Hight_Building_003.JPG/220px-James_Hight_Building_003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/James_Hight_Building_003.JPG/220px-James_Hight_Building_003.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/James_Hight_Building_003.JPG/330px-James_Hight_Building_003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/James_Hight_Building_003.JPG/440px-James_Hight_Building_003.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a> is a tertiary education provider for Christchurch </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Secondary_schools">Secondary schools</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Secondary schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch is home to the fourth-largest school in New Zealand, co-educational state school <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burnside_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burnside High School">Burnside High School</a>, with 2,544 pupils. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cashmere_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cashmere High School">Cashmere High School</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papanui_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papanui High School">Papanui High School</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riccarton_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riccarton High School">Riccarton High School</a> are other large schools. There are four single-sex state schools: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shirley_Boys%27_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shirley Boys' High School">Shirley Boys' High School</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Boys%27_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Boys' High School">Christchurch Boys' High School</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avonside_Girls%27_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avonside Girls' High School">Avonside Girls' High School</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Girls%27_High_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Girls' High School">Christchurch Girls' High School</a>. Christchurch is also home to several single-sex private church schools, some of them of the traditional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school (United Kingdom)">English public school</a> type. These include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Thomas_of_Canterbury_College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Thomas of Canterbury College">St Thomas of Canterbury College</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_College,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Margaret's College, Christchurch">St Margaret's College</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christ's College, Christchurch">Christ's College</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Bede%27s_College,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Bede's College, Christchurch">St Bede's College</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marian_College,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marian College, Christchurch">Marian College</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Cathedral_College,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Cathedral College, Christchurch">Catholic Cathedral College</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_College_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's College (New Zealand)">St Andrew's College</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villa_Maria_College,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Villa Maria College, Christchurch">Villa Maria College</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rangi_Ruru_Girls%27_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rangi Ruru Girls' School">Rangi Ruru Girls' School</a>. Less conventional schools in the city include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ao_Tawhiti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ao Tawhiti">Ao Tawhiti</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagley_Community_College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagley Community College">Hagley Community College</a>, and the Christchurch Rudolf Steiner School. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tertiary_institutions">Tertiary institutions</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tertiary institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> A number of tertiary education institutions have campuses in Christchurch, or in the surrounding areas. <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ara_Institute_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ara Institute of Canterbury">Ara Institute of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincoln_University,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln University, New Zealand">Lincoln University</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Otago,_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Otago, Christchurch">University of Otago, Christchurch</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_transport_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public transport in Christchurch">Public transport in Christchurch</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg/240px-Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4113" data-file-height="2684"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 157px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg/240px-Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="157" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg/360px-Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg/480px-Christchurch_Tram_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Christchurch Brill Tram No 244 on the heritage tramway in inner-city Christchurch </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg/220px-Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg/220px-Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg/330px-Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg/440px-Colombo_Hereford_High_intersection.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Looking down High Street while cyclists cross the intersection of Colombo and Hereford Streets </figcaption> </figure> Private cars are the dominant form of transport in Christchurch, with 62% of commuter journeys utilising a private car, as of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DChristchurch%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nzta-regionalmodeshiftplan-312">[309]</a> Historically, decisions on land use and infrastructure investment in Christchurch have tended to favour car travel, resulting in high adoption of cars.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nzta-regionalmodeshiftplan-312">[309]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DChristchurch%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, Christchurch has almost 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) of roads.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-313">[310]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-314">[311]</a> The city is served by State Highways <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">1</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Highway_73_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Highway 73 (New Zealand)">73</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Highway_74_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Highway 74 (New Zealand)">74</a>, 74A, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Highway_75_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Highway 75 (New Zealand)">75</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Highway_76_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Highway 76 (New Zealand)">76</a>. Christchurch has three motorways consisting of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Northern_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Northern Motorway">Christchurch Northern Motorway</a> (includes the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Belfast_Bypass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western Belfast Bypass">Western Belfast Bypass</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Southern_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Southern Motorway">Christchurch Southern Motorway</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch-Lyttelton_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch-Lyttelton Motorway">Christchurch-Lyttelton Motorway</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-315">[312]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-316">[313]</a> Christchurch has an extensive bus network, with bus routes serving most areas of the city and satellite towns. The local bus service, marketed as Metro, is provided by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environment_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Environment Canterbury">Environment Canterbury</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ecan-rptp-2024-317">[314]</a> The topology of the network broadly follow a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spoke%E2%80%93hub_distribution_paradigm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spoke–hub distribution paradigm">spoke–hub distribution paradigm</a>, with major routes intersecting the city and crossing at the central <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Bus_Interchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Bus Interchange">Christchurch Bus Interchange</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ecan-rptp-2024-317">[314]</a> Less-frequent 'connector' and 'link' services provide journeys between suburbs not on the major routes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ecan-rptp-2024-317">[314]</a> Additionally, a service called the Orbiter connects the suburban mall hubs by running in a ring around the outside of the central city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ecan-rptp-2024-317">[314]</a> Before the 2011 earthquakes, in addition to normal bus services, Christchurch also had a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zero-fare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-fare">zero-fare</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid</a> bus service, the Shuttle, in the inner city. The service was suspended following the earthquakes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-318">[315]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DChristchurch%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a> public transport mode share in the Greater Christchurch area was 2.8%, with daily journeys still well-below pre-earthquake levels.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ecan-rptp-2024-317">[314]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nzta-regionalmodeshiftplan-312">[309]</a> Historically, Christchurch has been known as New Zealand's cycling city,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-319">[316]</a> even earning the nickname "Cyclopolis" around the turn of the 20th century.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-320">[317]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-321">[318]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-322">[319]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mark_Twain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> described Christchurch in 1895 as a place "where half the people ride bicycles and the other half are kept busy dodging them".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-323">[320]</a> The central city has very flat terrain and the Christchurch City Council has established a network of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cycling infrastructure">cycling infrastructure</a> in the form of both dedicated and shared paths,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-324">[321]</a> such as the major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Northern_Line_Cycleway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Northern Line Cycleway">Northern Line Cycleway</a>. Post-quake public consultation on rebuilding the city expressed a strong desire for a more sustainable transport system, particularly greater use of cycling; this was reflected in the council's 2012–42 strategic transport plan.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-325">[322]</a> The number of cycle paths across the city has continued to increase since the earthquakes, with the roll-out of the Major Cycle Route initiative intending to create 100 kilometres (62 mi) of cycle paths in the city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-326">[323]</a> This has contributed to a 30% increase in bicycle journeys between 2016 and 2023, with over 3.6 million cyclists detected at counting stations in a 12-month period.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-327">[324]</a> Data from the 2023 census revealed Christchurch as a national leader in the adoption of cycling as commuter transport.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-press-mitchell-cyclinghub-328">[325]</a> Nearly 25% of all bicycle commuters in New Zealand live in Christchurch, with the highest levels of adoption in suburbs with robust cycle infrastructure.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-press-mitchell-cyclinghub-328">[325]</a> Trams were running as public transport in Christchurch as early as 1880, with the system mostly electrified beginning in 1905.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engnz-trams-329">[326]</a> Routes mostly centred around Cathedral Square connecting out as far as Papanui, New Brighton and Sumner, but all had ceased operating by 1954.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-330">[327]</a> In 1995, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_tramway_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch tramway system">Christchurch tramway system</a> was re-established as a tourist attraction.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engnz-trams-329">[326]</a> The tram follows a short loop around central city streets, with stops at Cathedral Square, the Arts Centre, Canterbury Museum, Victoria Square and Cathedral Junction, which is also the location of the depot. The tram tracks are owned by the Christchurch City Council, with the trams supplied, maintained and operated by the Tramways Historical Society.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engnz-trams-329">[326]</a> In 2022 the tram tracks were extended south down High Street at a cost of NZ$3,600,000, though due to an engineering issue they derailed a tram and had to be relaid.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-331">[328]</a> There is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aerial_lift?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aerial lift">cable car</a> system called the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Gondola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Gondola">Christchurch Gondola</a> which operates as a tourist attraction, providing transport from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heathcote_Valley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heathcote Valley">Heathcote Valley</a> to the top of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Cavendish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Cavendish">Mount Cavendish</a> in the city's south-east. Rail services, both long-distance and commuter, used to focus on the former railway station on Moorhouse avenue. Commuter trains were progressively cancelled in the 1960s and 1970s. The last such service, between Christchurch and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rangiora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rangiora">Rangiora</a>, ceased in 1976. After the reduction in services, a new <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_railway_station_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch railway station (New Zealand)">Christchurch railway station</a> was established at Addington Junction. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_North_Line,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Main North Line, New Zealand">Main North Line</a> railway travels northwards via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaikōura">Kaikōura</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Picton,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Picton, New Zealand">Picton</a> and is served by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coastal_Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coastal Pacific">Coastal Pacific</a> scheduled passenger train while the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_South_Line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Main South Line">Main South Line</a> heads to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invercargill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a> via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunedin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> and was used by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southerner_(New_Zealand_train)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southerner (New Zealand train)">Southerner</a> until its cancellation in 2002. The most famous train to depart Christchurch is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TranzAlpine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TranzAlpine">TranzAlpine</a>, which travels along the Main South Line to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolleston,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolleston, New Zealand">Rolleston</a> and then turns onto the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Midland_Line,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Midland Line, New Zealand">Midland Line</a>, passes through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Alps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Alps">Southern Alps</a> via the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otira_Tunnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otira Tunnel">Otira Tunnel</a>, and terminates in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greymouth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greymouth">Greymouth</a> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Coast,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast, New Zealand">West Coast</a>. This trip is often regarded as one of the ten great train journeys in the world for the remarkable scenery through which it passes. The TranzAlpine service is primarily a tourist service and carries no significant commuter traffic. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Airport">Christchurch Airport</a> is located in Harewood, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the north-west of the city centre. The airport is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of the busiest airports in New Zealand">second-busiest airport</a> in New Zealand, with regular passenger services from Christchurch to sixteen New Zealand and seven international destinations.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-332">[329]</a> The airport serves as the major base for the New Zealand, South Korean, Italian and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Antarctic_Program?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Antarctic Program">United States Antarctic</a> programs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-333">[330]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Utilities">Utilities</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Utilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Water supply" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Christchurch has one of the highest-quality <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Water_supply?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Water supply">water supplies</a> in the world, with its water rated among the purest and cleanest in the world.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-334">[331]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-335">[332]</a> Untreated, naturally filtered water is sourced, via more than 50 pumping stations surrounding the city, from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquifer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> emanating from the foothills of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Alps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Alps">Southern Alps</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-336">[333]</a> However, since 2018 about 70% of Christchurch's water supply has been temporarily <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chlorinated_water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorinated water">chlorinated</a> due to well-head upgrades, and the chlorination is planned to be stopped after the upgrades have been completed and certified.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-337">[334]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-338">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Wastewater">Wastewater</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Wastewater" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_Wastewater_Treatment_Plant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant">Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_(3).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg/210px-Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1198"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg/210px-Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg/315px-Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg/420px-Aerial_image_of_Christchurch_suburbs_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Christchurch Wastewater Treatment Plant after the 2011 earthquake </figcaption> </figure> Christchurch was the first city in New Zealand to develop an underground sewerage network.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-339">[336]</a> In the early 1870s, Christchurch had a population of around 12,000 people. However, there was a high death rate from diseases such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typhoid_fever?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid</a>, with 152 people dying in an epidemic from 1875 to 1876.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pumphouse-340">[337]</a> The city was considered as the unhealthiest in New Zealand at that time. Most of the human waste was being discharged untreated into the Avon and Heathcote rivers, despite those rivers also being used for bathing. Following the passing of the Christchurch District Drainage Act 1875,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-341">[338]</a> the Christchurch Drainage Board was established, holding its first meeting on 4 January 1876.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-342">[339]</a> The first chairman of the board was the city mayor, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fred_Hobbs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fred Hobbs">Fred Hobbs</a>, who had been a strong advocate for a drainage system.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-343">[340]</a> In 1878, an English drainage engineer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Clark_(inventor)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Clark (inventor)">William Clark</a> proposed detailed designs for an underground sewerage network for the city, with a pumping station to pump the sewage to sandhills in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bromley,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bromley, New Zealand">Bromley</a> for irrigation over land adjacent to the estuary.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-344">[341]</a> The city's first sewage pumping station was established in Tuam Street in 1882, with a boiler and steam-driven pumps. Homeowners were required to pay for a connection to the new sewerage system and establish flushing toilets, and by 1884 there were 293 connections.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pumphouse-340">[337]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-345">[342]</a> The 1903 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Cyclopedia_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Cyclopedia of New Zealand">Cyclopedia of New Zealand</a> stated that following the implementation of the drainage system "the city now ranks amongst the most healthy in the Colony".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-346">[343]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=45&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Electricity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Christchurch City Council established the city's first public electricity supply in 1903, and the city was connected to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coleridge_Power_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coleridge Power Station">Coleridge Power Station</a> in 1914. Until 1989, electricity distribution and retailing in Christchurch was the responsibility of four entities: the Christchurch City Council Municipal Electricity Department (MED), Riccarton Electricity, the Port Hills Energy Authority, and the Central Canterbury Electric Power Board. In 1989, all four companies entered a joint venture, named Southpower. The 1998 electricity sector reforms required all electricity companies to separate their distribution and retailing businesses. Southpower retained its distribution business and sold its retail business to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meridian_Energy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meridian Energy">Meridian Energy</a>. In December 1998, the distribution business was renamed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orion_New_Zealand_Limited?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion New Zealand Limited">Orion New Zealand</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-347">[344]</a> Today, Orion owns and operates the local distribution network servicing the city, with electricity fed into it from two <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transpower_New_Zealand_Limited?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Transpower New Zealand Limited">Transpower</a> substations at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islington,_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islington, New Zealand">Islington</a> and Bromley. The electricity distribution network in Christchurch suffered significant damage in the 2011 earthquakes, especially in the north-east, where the 66,000-volt subtransmission cables supplying the area were damaged beyond repair.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-348">[345]</a> This necessitated major repairs to the existing infrastructure, as well as building new infrastructure to supply new housing developments. At the 2013 census, 94.0% of Christchurch homes were heated wholly or partly by electricity, the highest in the country.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-349">[346]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=46&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Telecommunications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Telephone service was introduced in Christchurch on 1 October 1881 with the commissioning of New Zealand's first telephone exchange.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-350">[347]</a> The city converted to fully automatic service on 14 September 1929.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-351">[348]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subscriber_trunk_dialling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subscriber trunk dialling">Subscriber toll dialling</a> was introduced in Christchurch from 19 November 1976, with the city given the area code 03;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-352">[349]</a> in the early 1990s, the 03 area code was expanded to cover the entire South Island and Christchurch telephone numbers were lengthened from six to seven digits by prefixing 3 to existing numbers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-353">[350]</a> Mobile phone service was introduced to Christchurch on 5 September 1988 by Telecom (now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spark_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spark New Zealand">Spark</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-354">[351]</a> As part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ultra-Fast_Broadband_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ultra-Fast Broadband (New Zealand)">Ultra Fast Broadband</a> initiative, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiber to the x">fibre to the premises</a> was rolled out in Christchurch during the 2010s, with the network completed in August 2018. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enable_Networks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enable Networks">Enable Networks</a> operates the fibre network in Christchurch and Lyttelton, while <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chorus_Limited?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chorus Limited">Chorus Limited</a> operates the fibre network in Diamond Harbour and in towns on the Banks Peninsula. Chorus also operates the copper network across all of Christchurch City.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-355">[352]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=47&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> The major daily newspaper in Christchurch is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>, which has a daily circulation of 31,207 and is owned by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(company)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (company)">Stuff</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-356">[353]</a> The Press was first published on 25 May 1861, originally as a weekly paper before becoming a daily paper in March 1863.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-357">[354]</a> Weekly newspapers include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Star_(Christchurch)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Star (Christchurch)">The Star</a>, owned by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allied_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allied Press">Allied Press</a>, which began in 1868 as a daily evening newspaper before becoming a bi-weekly (and later weekly) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_newspaper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free newspaper">free newspaper</a> in 1991.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paperspast-358">[355]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-stuff-359">[356]</a> The Christchurch radio market is the second-largest in New Zealand, with 511,700 listeners aged 10 and over. The three largest stations in Christchurch by market share are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newstalk_ZB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newstalk ZB">Newstalk ZB</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/More_FM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="More FM">More FM</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Breeze_(New_Zealand_radio_station)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Breeze (New Zealand radio station)">The Breeze</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-360">[357]</a> As with other New Zealand radio markets, most radio stations in Christchurch are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centralcasting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centralcasting">centralcast</a> out of Auckland. Television was introduced in Christchurch on 1 June 1961 with channel CHTV3. The channel networked with its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Broadcasting_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation">NZBC</a> counterparts in Auckland, Wellington and Dunedin in 1969 and today is part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TVNZ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TVNZ">Television New Zealand (TVNZ)</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-361">[358]</a> As with radio, television channels in Christchurch are centralcast out of Auckland. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=48&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main category: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:People_from_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:People from Christchurch">People from Christchurch</a> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=49&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in New Zealand">List of twin towns and sister cities in New Zealand</a> </div> Christchurch's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sister_cities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">sister cities</a> are:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sisters-362">[359]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Adelaide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, Australia (1972)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch, Dorset">Christchurch</a>, Dorset, England, United Kingdom (1972)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurashiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurashiki">Kurashiki</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okayama Prefecture">Okayama</a>, Japan (1973)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seattle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, United States (1981)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Songpa_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Songpa District">Songpa-gu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seoul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea (1995)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China (2006)</li> </ul> </div> Christchurch also has friendly relations with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gansu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> in China.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sisters-362">[359]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=50&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Holdings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Holdings">Christchurch City Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of radio stations in Christchurch">List of radio stations in Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of tallest buildings in Christchurch">List of tallest buildings in Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_people_from_Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of people from Christchurch">List of people from Christchurch</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=51&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=52&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> Whether Christchurch or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wellington?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> is New Zealand's second-largest city by population is debatable and depends on where the boundaries are drawn.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Using <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a> boundaries, Christchurch is the second-largest urban area (403,300 vs 214,200),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-5">[5]</a> territorial authority area (415,100 vs 215,300),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-5">[5]</a> and functional urban area (470,814 vs 414,033).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> Often spelled "Pūtaringamotu" or uncommonly, "Potoringamotu".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The spelling with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#South_Island_dialects" title="Māori language">Kāi Tahu dialect</a> remains the primary Māori spelling.</li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> Lyttelton Harbour was known as Port Cooper when the four ships arrived. This name is no longer in common use.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Since 1998 it has been gazetted with a dual English-Māori name, Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[48]</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=53&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvison1993" class="citation cs2">Evison, Harry (1993), Te Wai Pounamu, The Greenstone Island: A history of the southern Māori during the European colonization of New Zealand, Christchurch: Aoraki Press, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780908925070?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780908925070"><bdi>9780908925070</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Te+Wai+Pounamu%2C+The+Greenstone+Island%3A+A+history+of+the+southern+M%C4%81ori+during+the+European+colonization+of+New+Zealand&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Aoraki+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780908925070&rft.aulast=Evison&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison1948" class="citation cs2">Morrison, J. P. (1948), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/evolution-of-a-city-1948">The evolution of a city : the story of the growth of the city and suburbs of Christchurch, the capital of Canterbury, in the years from 1850 to 1903</a>, Christchurch: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10562646">10562646</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+a+city+%3A+the+story+of+the+growth+of+the+city+and+suburbs+of+Christchurch%2C+the+capital+of+Canterbury%2C+in+the+years+from+1850+to+1903&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10562646&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolution-of-a-city-1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgilvie2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Ogilvie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Ogilvie">Ogilvie, Gordon</a> (2009). The Port Hills of Christchurch (2nd ed.). Christchurch: Phillips & King. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780958331562?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780958331562"><bdi>9780958331562</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Port+Hills+of+Christchurch&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Phillips+%26+King&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780958331562&rft.aulast=Ogilvie&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Reed, A.W. (2002) The Reed dictionary of New Zealand place names. Auckland: Reed Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-790-00761-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-790-00761-4">0-790-00761-4</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_Rice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey Rice">Rice, Geoffrey</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/christchurchchan0000rice">Christchurch Changing: An Illustrated History</a> (2nd ed.). Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-908812-53-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-908812-53-0"><bdi>978-0-908812-53-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Changing%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-908812-53-0&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristchurchchan0000rice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2005" class="citation cs2">Wilson, John (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20230201123611/https://canterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz/documents-by-key/20121008.5234/%2524file/GEN.WIL.0001.pdf">Contextual Historical Overview of Christchurch City</a> (PDF) (report), Christchurch: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781877313219?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781877313219"><bdi>9781877313219</bdi></a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/156459064">156459064</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://canterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz/documents-by-key/20121008.5234/%2524File/GEN.WIL.0001.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 February 2023 – via Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contextual+Historical+Overview+of+Christchurch+City&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F156459064&rft.isbn=9781877313219&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz%2Fdocuments-by-key%2F20121008.5234%2F%24File%2FGEN.WIL.0001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2013" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, John (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Culture-Community/Heritage/Christchurch-Contextual-Historical-Overview-Revised-2013.pdf">Contextual Historical Overview for Christchurch City – Revised 2013</a> (PDF) (2nd ed.). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contextual+Historical+Overview+for+Christchurch+City+%E2%80%93+Revised+2013&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FDocuments%2FCulture-Community%2FHeritage%2FChristchurch-Contextual-Historical-Overview-Revised-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=54&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/23508/civic-coats-of-arms">"Civic coats of arms"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124030538/https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/23508/civic-coats-of-arms">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civic+coats+of+arms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Finteractive%2F23508%2Fcivic-coats-of-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/layer/104269-urban-rural-2020-generalised/">"Urban Rural 2020 (generalised) – GIS | | GIS Map Data Datafinder Geospatial Statistics | Stats NZ Geographic Data Service"</a>. datafinder.stats.govt.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929002005/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/layer/104269-urban-rural-2020-generalised/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=datafinder.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Urban+Rural+2020+%28generalised%29+%E2%80%93+GIS+%7C+%7C+GIS+Map+Data+Datafinder+Geospatial+Statistics+%7C+Stats+NZ+Geographic+Data+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatafinder.stats.govt.nz%2Flayer%2F104269-urban-rural-2020-generalised%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.topomap.co.nz/">"NZ Topographic Map"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_Information_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land Information New Zealand">Land Information New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927193604/http://www.topomap.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZ+Topographic+Map&rft.pub=Land+Information+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topomap.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenny2018" class="citation news cs1">Kenny, Lee (17 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/107071559/awkward-christchurch-without-its-own-nickname">"'Awkward' Christchurch without its own nickname"</a>. Stuff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Awkward%27+Christchurch+without+its+own+nickname&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F107071559%2Fawkward-christchurch-without-its-own-nickname&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-5">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_5-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_5-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_5-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_5-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/">"Aotearoa Data Explorer"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>. Retrieved 26 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300677344/yeah-nah-is-wellington-or-christchurch-nzs-second-city">"Yeah, Nah: Is Wellington (or Christchurch) NZ's second city?"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. 2 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617150724/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300677344/yeah-nah-is-wellington-or-christchurch-nzs-second-city">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yeah%2C+Nah%3A+Is+Wellington+%28or+Christchurch%29+NZ%27s+second+city%3F&rft.date=2022-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F300677344%2Fyeah-nah-is-wellington-or-christchurch-nzs-second-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/functional-urban-areas-methodology-and-classification">"Functional urban areas – methodology and classification"</a>. Statistics New Zealand. 10 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628170309/https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/functional-urban-areas-methodology-and-classification">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Functional+urban+areas+%E2%80%93+methodology+and+classification&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Fmethods%2Ffunctional-urban-areas-methodology-and-classification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHensley" class="citation web cs1">Hensley, Gerald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1g12">"Godley, John Robert"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a>. Retrieved 27 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=Godley%2C+John+Robert&rft.aulast=Hensley&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F1g12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Cowie-1934-10">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cowie-1934_10-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cowie-1934_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowie1934" class="citation cs2">Cowie, D. J. (2 July 1934), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Gov09_04Rail-t1-body-d14.html">"How Christchurch Got Its Name – A Controverted Subject"</a>, The New Zealand Railways Magazine, vol. 9, no. 4, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610182504/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Gov09_04Rail-t1-body-d14.html">archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2017, retrieved 22 April 2024 – via New Zealand Electronic Text Collection</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Railways+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Christchurch+Got+Its+Name+%E2%80%93+A+Controverted+Subject&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1934-07-02&rft.aulast=Cowie&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-Gov09_04Rail-t1-body-d14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200818-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200818_11-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 18.</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/ti-kouka-whenua/otautahi/">"Ōtautahi – Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101022827/http://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/ti-kouka-whenua/otautahi/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C5%8Ctautahi+%E2%80%93+Christchurch&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.christchurchcitylibraries.com%2Fti-kouka-whenua%2Fotautahi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1952" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, William Anderson (1952). "Otautahi – Christchurch and its district". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html">Lore and History of the South Island Maori</a>. Christchurch: Bascands Ltd. p. 55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809052204/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otautahi+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+and+its+district&rft.btitle=Lore+and+History+of+the+South+Island+Maori&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Bascands+Ltd&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=William+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTau1990" class="citation book cs1">Tau, Te Maire (1990). Te Whakatau Kaupapa: Ngāi Tahu Resource Management Strategy for the Canterbury Region. Aoraki Press. pp. 5–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Te+Whakatau+Kaupapa%3A+Ng%C4%81i+Tahu+Resource+Management+Strategy+for+the+Canterbury+Region&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=Aoraki+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Tau&rft.aufirst=Te+Maire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2020" class="citation news cs1">Gates, Charlie (18 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/te-reo-maori/122813289/tautahi--the-story-behind-christchurchs-informal-te-reo-name">"Ōtautahi – the story behind Christchurch's informal te reo name"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104040819/https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/te-reo-maori/122813289/tautahi--the-story-behind-christchurchs-informal-te-reo-name">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=%C5%8Ctautahi+%E2%80%93+the+story+behind+Christchurch%27s+informal+te+reo+name&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fpou-tiaki%2Fte-reo-maori%2F122813289%2Ftautahi--the-story-behind-christchurchs-informal-te-reo-name&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1952" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, William Anderson (1952). "Otautahi – Christchurch and its district". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html">Lore and History of the South Island Maori</a>. Christchurch: Bascands Ltd. p. 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809052204/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otautahi+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+and+its+district&rft.btitle=Lore+and+History+of+the+South+Island+Maori&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Bascands+Ltd&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=William+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-TayLore-t1-body1-d5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRehu2019" class="citation news cs1">Rehu, Mike (14 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thespinoff.co.nz/atea/14-05-2019/an-argument-for-changing-christchurchs-name">"An argument for changing Christchurch's name"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Spinoff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Spinoff">The Spinoff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423070005/https://thespinoff.co.nz/atea/14-05-2019/an-argument-for-changing-christchurchs-name">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spinoff&rft.atitle=An+argument+for+changing+Christchurch%27s+name&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft.aulast=Rehu&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthespinoff.co.nz%2Fatea%2F14-05-2019%2Fan-argument-for-changing-christchurchs-name&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/tikoukawhenua/otautahi/">Ōtautahi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725065207/http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/tikoukawhenua/otautahi/">Archived</a> 25 July 2011 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the Christchurch City Library website)</li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/transport/cycling/">"Cycle Chch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207221740/https://ccc.govt.nz/transport/cycling/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.atitle=Cycle+Chch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Ftransport%2Fcycling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chchcentral.co.nz/">"CHCH Central"</a>. CHCH Central. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207221731/https://chchcentral.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CHCH+Central&rft.atitle=CHCH+Central&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchchcentral.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nzsl.nz/signs/4214">"Christchurch – NZSL Online"</a>. New Zealand Sign Language dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307044311/https://www.nzsl.nz/signs/4214">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Sign+Language+dictionary&rft.atitle=Christchurch+%E2%80%93+NZSL+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzsl.nz%2Fsigns%2F4214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Hills-2008-p4-22">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hills-2008-p4_22-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hills-2008-p4_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillsHills2006" class="citation book cs1">Hills, Darren; Hills, Helen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/hills-river-styx">Settling near the Styx River</a> (book). Christchurch, New Zealand: D A & H J Hills. pp. 4, 180. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780473111342?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780473111342"><bdi>9780473111342</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Settling+near+the+Styx+River&rft.place=Christchurch%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=4%2C+180&rft.pub=D+A+%26+H+J+Hills&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780473111342&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft.au=Hills%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhills-river-styx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson20059–10-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson20059%E2%80%9310_23-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilson2005">Wilson 2005</a>, pp. 9–10.</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllot2021" class="citation news cs1">Allot, Amber (4 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/126048008/how-christchurch-lost-its-t-and-how-to-bring-them-back">"How Christchurch lost its tūī, and how to bring them back"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303052029/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/126048008/how-christchurch-lost-its-t-and-how-to-bring-them-back">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=How+Christchurch+lost+its+t%C5%AB%C4%AB%2C+and+how+to+bring+them+back&rft.date=2021-09-04&rft.aulast=Allot&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fenvironment%2F126048008%2Fhow-christchurch-lost-its-t-and-how-to-bring-them-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunburyPetcheyBickler2022" class="citation cs2">Bunbury, Magdalena; Petchey, Fiona; Bickler, Simon (7 November 2022), "A new chronology for the Māori settlement of Aotearoa (NZ) and the potential role of climate change in demographic developments", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119 (46), National Academy of Sciences: e2207609119, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022PNAS..11907609B">2022PNAS..11907609B</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1073%252Fpnas.2207609119">10.1073/pnas.2207609119</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9674228">9674228</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36343229">36343229</a>, <q>Figure 3</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+new+chronology+for+the+M%C4%81ori+settlement+of+Aotearoa+%28NZ%29+and+the+potential+role+of+climate+change+in+demographic+developments&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=e2207609119&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9674228%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36343229&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.2207609119&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022PNAS..11907609B&rft.aulast=Bunbury&rft.aufirst=Magdalena&rft.au=Petchey%2C+Fiona&rft.au=Bickler%2C+Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Jacomb-2009-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jacomb-2009_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacomb2009" class="citation cs2">Jacomb, C (2009), "Excavations and chronology at the Redcliffs Flat site, Canterbury, New Zealand", Records of the Canterbury Museum, vol. 23, Christchurch, pp. 15–30, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0370-3878">0370-3878</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Records+of+the+Canterbury+Museum&rft.atitle=Excavations+and+chronology+at+the+Redcliffs+Flat+site%2C+Canterbury%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0370-3878&rft.aulast=Jacomb&rft.aufirst=C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Jacomb-2008-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jacomb-2008_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacomb2008" class="citation cs2">Jacomb, C (2008), "The chronology of Moncks Cave, Canterbury, New Zealand", Records of the Canterbury Museum, vol. 22, Christchurch, pp. 45–56, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0370-3878">0370-3878</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Records+of+the+Canterbury+Museum&rft.atitle=The+chronology+of+Moncks+Cave%2C+Canterbury%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0370-3878&rft.aulast=Jacomb&rft.aufirst=C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-HeritageNZ-MocksCave-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HeritageNZ-MocksCave_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/9067/Listing">"Moncks Cave"</a>, Heritage New Zealand, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222164103/https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/9067/Listing">archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023, retrieved 16 April 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heritage+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Moncks+Cave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org.nz%2Flist-details%2F9067%2FListing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-NgaiTahuReport1991-vol22-29">^ <a 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Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Rebuild+echoes+original+plans&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2Fchristchurch-earthquake-2011%2F7502432%2FRebuild-echoes-original-plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenny2020" class="citation news cs1">Kenny, Lee (19 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/123745742/the-legacy-of-canterburys-first-four-ships-continues-170-years-on">"The legacy of Canterbury's 'first four ships' continues 170 years on"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425102738/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/123745742/the-legacy-of-canterburys-first-four-ships-continues-170-years-on">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=The+legacy+of+Canterbury%27s+%27first+four+ships%27+continues+170+years+on&rft.date=2020-12-19&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F123745742%2Fthe-legacy-of-canterburys-first-four-ships-continues-170-years-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/7354">"Place name detail: Lyttelton Harbour/Whakaraupō"</a>. New Zealand Gazetteer. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_Information_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land Information New Zealand">Land Information New Zealand</a>. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Place+name+detail%3A+Lyttelton+Harbour%2FWhakaraup%C5%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F7354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wilson, John (6 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/10317/remembering-the-first-four-ships">"Canterbury region – Discovery and settlement"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424013745/https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/10317/remembering-the-first-four-ships">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canterbury+region+%E2%80%93+Discovery+and+settlement&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fphotograph%2F10317%2Fremembering-the-first-four-ships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenny2022" class="citation news cs1">Kenny, Lee (6 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/130790571/arrival-of-pilgrims-on-canterburys-first-four-ships-celebrated-in-christchurch">"Arrival of 'pilgrims' on Canterbury's First Four Ships celebrated in Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424013737/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/130790571/arrival-of-pilgrims-on-canterburys-first-four-ships-celebrated-in-christchurch">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Arrival+of+%27pilgrims%27+on+Canterbury%27s+First+Four+Ships+celebrated+in+Christchurch&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F130790571%2Farrival-of-pilgrims-on-canterburys-first-four-ships-celebrated-in-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.christchurchcathedral.co.nz/discover/cathedral_history.html">Cathedral History</a> (from the official <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristChurch Cathedral">ChristChurch Cathedral</a> website). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017103748/http://christchurchcathedral.co.nz/discover/cathedral_history.html">Archived</a> 17 October 2007 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFocamp2017" class="citation news cs1">Focamp, Paul (21 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/the-rebuild/89542869/historic-architectural-links-bind-christchurch-and-oxfords-cathedrals">"Historic architectural links bind Christchurch and Oxford's cathedrals"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425134536/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/the-rebuild/89542869/historic-architectural-links-bind-christchurch-and-oxfords-cathedrals">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Historic+architectural+links+bind+Christchurch+and+Oxford%27s+cathedrals&rft.date=2017-02-21&rft.aulast=Focamp&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-rebuild%2F89542869%2Fhistoric-architectural-links-bind-christchurch-and-oxfords-cathedrals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://library.christchurch.org.nz/Heritage/EarlyChristchurch/JosephThomas.asp">"Captain Thomas and the Streets of Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829232049/http://library.christchurch.org.nz/Heritage/EarlyChristchurch/JosephThomas.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Captain+Thomas+and+the+Streets+of+Christchurch&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.christchurch.org.nz%2FHeritage%2FEarlyChristchurch%2FJosephThomas.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200814-57">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200814_57-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200814_57-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 14.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200932–34-58">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200932%E2%80%9334_58-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200932%E2%80%9334_58-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200932%E2%80%9334_58-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFOgilvie2009">Ogilvie 2009</a>, pp. 32–34.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson200528-59">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson200528_59-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson200528_59-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson200528_59-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilson2005">Wilson 2005</a>, p. 28.</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/PlaceNames/ChristchurchStreetNames-B.pdf">"Bridle Path"</a> (PDF), Christchurch Street Names: B, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>, p. 129, February 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217141323/https://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/PlaceNames/ChristchurchStreetNames-B.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2023, retrieved 22 April 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christchurch+Street+Names%3A+B&rft.atitle=Bridle+Path&rft.pages=129&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2FHeritage%2FPlaceNames%2FChristchurchStreetNames-B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200817-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200817_61-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 17.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200827-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200827_62-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 27.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200828-63">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200828_63-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200828_63-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 28.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200936-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOgilvie200936_64-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFOgilvie2009">Ogilvie 2009</a>, p. 36.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200829-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200829_65-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 29.</li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYonge1985" class="citation book cs1">Yonge, John (1985). 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Retrieved 23 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=my.christchurchcitylibraries.com&rft.atitle=Christchurch+and+Canterbury+earthquakes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.christchurchcitylibraries.com%2Fchristchurch-and-canterbury-earthquakes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-88">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_88-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_88-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_88-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLEcoRP2016031/major-new-zealand-earthquakes-since-1855">"Major New Zealand earthquakes since 1855 – New Zealand Parliament"</a>. www.parliament.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605042930/https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLEcoRP2016031/major-new-zealand-earthquakes-since-1855">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.nz&rft.atitle=Major+New+Zealand+earthquakes+since+1855+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fpb%2Fresearch-papers%2Fdocument%2F00PLEcoRP2016031%2Fmajor-new-zealand-earthquakes-since-1855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSaveney2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McSaveney, Eileen (12 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-4">"Historic earthquakes – The 1888 North Canterbury earthquake"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Ara_-_the_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822074916/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-4">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2013. 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Lochhead, Ian (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2p13/petre-francis-william">"Petre, Francis William"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128131805/https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2p13/petre-francis-william">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Petre%2C+Francis+William&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=J.+Lochhead&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F2p13%2Fpetre-francis-william&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Chronology/Year/1906.asp">"Christchurch Chronology 1906 – Heritage – Christchurch City Libraries"</a>. christchurchcitylibraries.com. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222035024/https://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Chronology/Year/1906.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=christchurchcitylibraries.com&rft.atitle=Christchurch+Chronology+1906+%E2%80%93+Heritage+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2FHeritage%2FChronology%2FYear%2F1906.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristchurch_City_Libraries" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Chronology/Year/1908.asp">"Christchurch Chronology 1908 – Heritage – Christchurch City Libraries"</a>. christchurchcitylibraries.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222035028/https://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Chronology/Year/1908.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=christchurchcitylibraries.com&rft.atitle=Christchurch+Chronology+1908+%E2%80%93+Heritage+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft.au=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2FHeritage%2FChronology%2FYear%2F1908.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-96">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wilson_96-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wilson_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wilson, John (14 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/mi/canterbury-places/page-11">"Canterbury places – South Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Ara_-_the_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424100912/https://teara.govt.nz/mi/canterbury-places/page-11">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. 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Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Sugarloaf%3A+Inside+the+concrete+eyrie+high+above+Christchurch+in+the+Port+Hills&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F106321633%2Fsugarloaf-inside-the-concrete-eyrie-high-above-christchurch-in-the-port-hills&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2021" class="citation news cs1">Matthews, Phillip (17 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/christchurch-life/124853992/1969-the-start-of-the-oneway-system">"1969: The start of the one-way system"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605055127/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/christchurch-life/124853992/1969-the-start-of-the-oneway-system">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=1969%3A+The+start+of+the+one-way+system&rft.date=2021-04-17&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fchristchurch-life%2F124853992%2F1969-the-start-of-the-oneway-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHume2015" class="citation news cs1">Hume, Myles (15 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/68996037/watch-christchurchs-central-police-station-implosion">"Watch: Christchurch's central police station implosion"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019190729/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/68996037/watch-christchurchs-central-police-station-implosion">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Watch%3A+Christchurch%27s+central+police+station+implosion&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=Myles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2Fchristchurch-earthquake-2011%2F68996037%2Fwatch-christchurchs-central-police-station-implosion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/128080/police-station-officially-opened-after-quick-build">"Police station officially opened after quick build"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. 14 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904060608/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/128080/police-station-officially-opened-after-quick-build">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Police+station+officially+opened+after+quick+build&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F128080%2Fpolice-station-officially-opened-after-quick-build&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenny2023" class="citation news cs1">Kenny, Lee (23 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/canterbury/300931199/what-was-the-legacy-of-the-christchurch-commonwealth-games">"What was the legacy of the Christchurch Commonwealth Games?"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424124948/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/canterbury/300931199/what-was-the-legacy-of-the-christchurch-commonwealth-games">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=What+was+the+legacy+of+the+Christchurch+Commonwealth+Games%3F&rft.date=2023-07-23&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fcanterbury%2F300931199%2Fwhat-was-the-legacy-of-the-christchurch-commonwealth-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/christchurch-earthquake-qe2-park-closed/IHJG5UMBQ6TQHOFM4JQEBOLKU4/">"Christchurch earthquake: QE2 park closed"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. 4 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427094911/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/christchurch-earthquake-qe2-park-closed/IHJG5UMBQ6TQHOFM4JQEBOLKU4/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Christchurch+earthquake%3A+QE2+park+closed&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fchristchurch-earthquake-qe2-park-closed%2FIHJG5UMBQ6TQHOFM4JQEBOLKU4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/55956/strong-quake-hits-near-christchurch">Strong quake hits in Darfield, Canterbury near Christchurch</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>, 4 September 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429001807/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/canterbury-earthquake/55956/day-of-shocks-leaves-dozens-homeless-in-christchurch">archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2024, retrieved 3 September 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strong+quake+hits+in+Darfield%2C+Canterbury+near+Christchurch&rft.pub=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.date=2010-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F55956%2Fstrong-quake-hits-near-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg-123"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bloomberg_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-04/new-zealand-s-christchurch-rocked-by-7-0-earthquake-declares-emergency.html">"New Zealand's South Island Rocked by Magnitude 7.0 Earthquake"</a>. Bloomberg L.P. 3 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906214008/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-04/new-zealand-s-christchurch-rocked-by-7-0-earthquake-declares-emergency.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Zealand%27s+South+Island+Rocked+by+Magnitude+7.0+Earthquake&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-09-04%2Fnew-zealand-s-christchurch-rocked-by-7-0-earthquake-declares-emergency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:15-124"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:15_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.eqc.govt.nz/assets/Publications-Resources/216-Relocation-Analysis-of-the-Christchurch-City-Boxing-Day-Earthquakes-compressed.pdf">"Relocation Analysis of the Christchurch City "Boxing Day" Earthquakes"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Earthquake_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake Commission">Earthquake Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905071540/https://www.eqc.govt.nz/assets/Publications-Resources/216-Relocation-Analysis-of-the-Christchurch-City-Boxing-Day-Earthquakes-compressed.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earthquake+Commission&rft.atitle=Relocation+Analysis+of+the+Christchurch+City+%22Boxing+Day%22+Earthquakes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eqc.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FPublications-Resources%2F216-Relocation-Analysis-of-the-Christchurch-City-Boxing-Day-Earthquakes-compressed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-GeoNet6.3-125"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GeoNet6.3_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223092531/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3468575g.html">"New Zealand Earthquake Report – Feb 22, 2011 at 12:51 pm (NZDT)"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GeoNet_(New_Zealand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GeoNet (New Zealand)">GeoNet</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Earthquake_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake Commission">Earthquake Commission</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GNS_Science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GNS Science">GNS Science</a>. 22 February 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3468575g.html">the original</a> on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GeoNet&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Earthquake+Report+%E2%80%93+Feb+22%2C+2011+at+12%3A51+pm+%28NZDT%29&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geonet.org.nz%2Fearthquake%2Fquakes%2F3468575g.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2011" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Andrea (1 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/4714748/Building-code-no-match-for-earthquake">"Building code no match for earthquake"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Dominion_Post_(Wellington)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominion Post (Wellington)">The Dominion Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108021901/http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/4714748/Building-code-no-match-for-earthquake">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dominion+Post&rft.atitle=Building+code+no+match+for+earthquake&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fdominion-post%2Fnews%2F4714748%2FBuilding-code-no-match-for-earthquake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-now184-127"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-now184_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/6394084/February-earthquake-toll-hits-185">"Official quake toll rises to 185"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. 9 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313164254/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/6394084/February-earthquake-toll-hits-185">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Official+quake+toll+rises+to+185&rft.date=2012-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F6394084%2FFebruary-earthquake-toll-hits-185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-listdeceased-128"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-listdeceased_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.police.govt.nz/list-deceased">"List of deceased – Christchurch earthquake"</a>. New Zealand Police. 8 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614023925/http://www.police.govt.nz/list-deceased">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+deceased+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+earthquake&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Police&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Flist-deceased&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/5139229/Thousands-of-homes-need-to-go">"'Thousands of homes need to go'"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. 14 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902085417/http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/5139229/Thousands-of-homes-need-to-go">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=%27Thousands+of+homes+need+to+go%27&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2Fchristchurch-earthquake-2011%2F5139229%2FThousands-of-homes-need-to-go&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16312041">"New Zealand's Christchurch rocked by earthquakes"</a>. BBC. 23 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127111230/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16312041">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Zealand%27s+Christchurch+rocked+by+earthquakes&rft.date=2011-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-16312041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10775100">"Christchurch: More quakes expected"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. 23 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105010107/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10775100">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013. 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Retrieved 17 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=How+does+the+size+of+the+Christchurch+fires+compare%3F&rft.date=2017-02-17&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F89489080%2Fhow-does-the-size-of-the-christchurch-fires-compare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221032444/https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/port-hills-fire-now-70-cent-contained">"Port Hills fire now '70 per cent contained"</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a>, 16 February 2024, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/port-hills-fire-now-70-cent-contained">the original</a> on 21 February 2024, retrieved 26 August 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Port+Hills+fire+now+%2770+per+cent+contained&rft.date=2024-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fstar-news%2Fstar-christchurch%2Fport-hills-fire-now-70-cent-contained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/384896/police-with-the-latest-information-on-the-mosque-shootings">"Police with the latest information on the mosque shootings"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. 17 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090232/https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/384896/police-with-the-latest-information-on-the-mosque-shootings">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019. 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Retrieved 15 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Christchurch+shooting%3A+reports+of+multiple+casualties+after+shooting+at+mosque+%E2%80%93+live+updates&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Flive%2F2019%2Fmar%2F15%2Fchristchurch-shooting-injuries-reported-as-police-respond-to-critical-incident-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolyneux2019" class="citation news cs1">Molyneux, Vita (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315031109/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/03/gunshots-heard-near-hagley-park-in-christchurch.html">"Live updates: Six people have reportedly been killed in Christchurch shootings near mosque"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newshub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newshub">Newshub</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/03/gunshots-heard-near-hagley-park-in-christchurch.html">the original</a> on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Live+updates%3A+Six+people+have+reportedly+been+killed+in+Christchurch+shootings+near+mosque&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Molyneux&rft.aufirst=Vita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2019%2F03%2Fgunshots-heard-near-hagley-park-in-christchurch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-rnz00-139"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rnz00_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayerLeasl2020" class="citation news cs1">Bayer, Kurt; Leasl, Anna (24 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id%3D1%26objectid%3D12358347">"Christchurch mosque terror attack sentencing: Gunman Brenton Tarrant planned to attack three mosques"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904090033/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id%3D1%26objectid%3D12358347">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Christchurch+mosque+terror+attack+sentencing%3A+Gunman+Brenton+Tarrant+planned+to+attack+three+mosques&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft.aulast=Bayer&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Leasl%2C+Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D12358347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/15/one-of-new-zealands-darkest-days-jacinda-ardern-responds-to-christchurch-shooting">"Jacinda Ardern on the Christchurch shooting: 'One of New Zealand's darkest days'"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 15 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906144928/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/15/one-of-new-zealands-darkest-days-jacinda-ardern-responds-to-christchurch-shooting">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jacinda+Ardern+on+the+Christchurch+shooting%3A+%27One+of+New+Zealand%27s+darkest+days%27&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fmar%2F15%2Fone-of-new-zealands-darkest-days-jacinda-ardern-responds-to-christchurch-shooting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://christchurchattack.royalcommission.nz/the-report/part-1-purpose-and-process/the-terrorist-attack/">"The terrorist attack"</a>. Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Commission+of+Inquiry+into+the+Attack+on+Christchurch+Mosques+on+15+March+2019&rft.atitle=The+terrorist+attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchattack.royalcommission.nz%2Fthe-report%2Fpart-1-purpose-and-process%2Fthe-terrorist-attack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinlivanMcCarron" class="citation news cs1">Quinlivan, Mark; McCarron, Heather. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613064106/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/09/christchurch-shooting-alleged-gunman-brenton-tarrant-s-trial-delayed.html">"Christchurch shooting: Alleged gunman Brenton Tarrant's trial delayed"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newshub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newshub">Newshub</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/09/christchurch-shooting-alleged-gunman-brenton-tarrant-s-trial-delayed.html">the original</a> on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Christchurch+shooting%3A+Alleged+gunman+Brenton+Tarrant%27s+trial+delayed&rft.aulast=Quinlivan&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=McCarron%2C+Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2019%2F09%2Fchristchurch-shooting-alleged-gunman-brenton-tarrant-s-trial-delayed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-third_appearance-143"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-third_appearance_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-shooting/113473357/terror-accused-pleads-not-guilty-to-murder-charges">"Man accused of Christchurch mosque shootings pleads not guilty to 51 murder charges"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. 14 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724161107/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-shooting/113473357/terror-accused-pleads-not-guilty-to-murder-charges">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Man+accused+of+Christchurch+mosque+shootings+pleads+not+guilty+to+51+murder+charges&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fchristchurch-shooting%2F113473357%2Fterror-accused-pleads-not-guilty-to-murder-charges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:12-144"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:12_144-0">^</a> <cite>R v Tarrant</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/R-v-Tarrant-sentencing-remarks-20200827.pdf">2020 NZHC 2192</a> (Christchurch High Court 27 August 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022175740/https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/R-v-Tarrant-sentencing-remarks-20200827.pdf">archived</a> from the original.</li> <li id="cite_note-Stuff_last_gasp-145"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Stuff_last_gasp_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLourens2020" class="citation news cs1">Lourens, Mariné (27 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-shooting/122577663/christchurch-mosque-gunman-jailed-until-his-last-gasp">"Christchurch mosque gunman jailed 'until his last gasp'"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827202459/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-shooting/122577663/christchurch-mosque-gunman-jailed-until-his-last-gasp">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Christchurch+mosque+gunman+jailed+%27until+his+last+gasp%27&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft.aulast=Lourens&rft.aufirst=Marin%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fchristchurch-shooting%2F122577663%2Fchristchurch-mosque-gunman-jailed-until-his-last-gasp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters_life_sentence-146"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Reuters_life_sentence_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-shooting-idUSKBN25M2QF">"New Zealand mosque shooter given life in prison for 'wicked' crimes"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reuters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 27 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827200055/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-shooting-idUSKBN25M2QF">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+mosque+shooter+given+life+in+prison+for+%27wicked%27+crimes&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-newzealand-shooting-idUSKBN25M2QF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Cities-147"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cities_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbsAhuriri-DriscollKinghamWiki2022" class="citation journal cs1">Hobbs, M.; Ahuriri-Driscoll, A.; Kingham, S.; Wiki, J.; Marek, L.; Dionisio, M.R.; Curl, A.; Schluter, P.; Banwell, K.; Mackenbach, J.D. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275121003802">"A city profile of Ōtautahi Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cities_(journal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cities (journal)">Cities</a>. 121: 103481. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fj.cities.2021.103481">10.1016/j.cities.2021.103481</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825141254/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275121003802">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cities&rft.atitle=A+city+profile+of+%C5%8Ctautahi+Christchurch&rft.volume=121&rft.pages=103481&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cities.2021.103481&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Ahuriri-Driscoll%2C+A.&rft.au=Kingham%2C+S.&rft.au=Wiki%2C+J.&rft.au=Marek%2C+L.&rft.au=Dionisio%2C+M.R.&rft.au=Curl%2C+A.&rft.au=Schluter%2C+P.&rft.au=Banwell%2C+K.&rft.au=Mackenbach%2C+J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0264275121003802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanterbury_Earthquakes_Royal_Commission2012" class="citation book cs1">Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission (29 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://canterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz/vwluResources/FinalReportVol1Print/%2524file/Final_Report_Volume_1_Web.pdf">Final Report: Volume 1: Summary and Recommendations in Volumes 1-3, Seismicity, Soils and the Seismic Design of Buildings</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-478-39558-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-478-39558-7"><bdi>978-0-478-39558-7</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125681467" class="extiw" title="d:Q125681467">Q125681467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+Report%3A+Volume+1%3A+Summary+and+Recommendations+in+Volumes+1-3%2C+Seismicity%2C+Soils+and+the+Seismic+Design+of+Buildings&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.isbn=978-0-478-39558-7&rft.au=Canterbury+Earthquakes+Royal+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz%2FvwluResources%2FFinalReportVol1Print%2F%24file%2FFinal_Report_Volume_1_Web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-149">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_149-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_149-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_BeggKatie_JonesDavid_Barrell2015" class="citation book cs1">John Begg; Katie Jones; David Barrell (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Begg/publication/312663165_Geology_and_geomorphology_of_urban_Christchurch_and_eastern_Canterbury/links/5887ac5da6fdcc6b791ec5e2/Geology-and-geomorphology-of-urban-Christchurch-and-eastern-Canterbury.pdf">Geology and geomorphology of urban Christchurch and eastern Canterbury</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GNS_Science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GNS Science">GNS Science</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-908349-72-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-908349-72-2"><bdi>978-0-908349-72-2</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125680986" class="extiw" title="d:Q125680986">Q125680986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+and+geomorphology+of+urban+Christchurch+and+eastern+Canterbury&rft.pub=GNS+Science&rft.date=2015-12&rft.isbn=978-0-908349-72-2&rft.au=John+Begg&rft.au=Katie+Jones&rft.au=David+Barrell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FJohn-Begg%2Fpublication%2F312663165_Geology_and_geomorphology_of_urban_Christchurch_and_eastern_Canterbury%2Flinks%2F5887ac5da6fdcc6b791ec5e2%2FGeology-and-geomorphology-of-urban-Christchurch-and-eastern-Canterbury.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://envirohistorynz.com/2011/02/26/christchurch-a-city-haunted-by-its-environmental-past/">"Christchurch: a city haunted by its environmental past?"</a>. envirohistory NZ. 26 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223053709/https://envirohistorynz.com/2011/02/26/christchurch-a-city-haunted-by-its-environmental-past/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=envirohistory+NZ&rft.atitle=Christchurch%3A+a+city+haunted+by+its+environmental+past%3F&rft.date=2011-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenvirohistorynz.com%2F2011%2F02%2F26%2Fchristchurch-a-city-haunted-by-its-environmental-past%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteGoodrichCaveMinni2007" class="citation journal cs1">White, P.A.; Goodrich, K.; Cave, S.; Minni, G. (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/ECtrU07-39.pdf">"Waterways, Swamps and Vegetation of Christchurch in 1856 and Baseflow Discharge in Christchurch Streams"</a> (PDF). GNS Science Consultancy Report 2007 (103). Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425051249/https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/ECtrU07-39.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GNS+Science+Consultancy+Report+2007&rft.atitle=Waterways%2C+Swamps+and+Vegetation+of+Christchurch+in+1856+and+Baseflow+Discharge+in+Christchurch+Streams&rft.issue=103&rft.date=2007-05&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P.A.&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+K.&rft.au=Cave%2C+S.&rft.au=Minni%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.niwa.co.nz%2Flibrary%2Fpublic%2FECtrU07-39.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Environment/Water/waterways-guide/10.-Restoring-Wetlands.pdf">"Restoring Wetlands"</a> (PDF). Waterways, Wetlands and Drainage Guide: Ko te Anga Whakaora mō Ngā Arawai Rēpō. 10. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. February 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217201515/https://ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Environment/Water/waterways-guide/10.-Restoring-Wetlands.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterways%2C+Wetlands+and+Drainage+Guide%3A+Ko+te+Anga+Whakaora+m%C5%8D+Ng%C4%81+Arawai+R%C4%93p%C5%8D&rft.atitle=Restoring+Wetlands&rft.volume=10&rft.date=2003-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FDocuments%2FEnvironment%2FWater%2Fwaterways-guide%2F10.-Restoring-Wetlands.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901090511/http://resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/ResidentialDevelopment-OccupiedDwellings-docs.pdf">"Christchurch City Council definition"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/ResidentialDevelopment-OccupiedDwellings-docs.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch+City+Council+definition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.ccc.govt.nz%2Ffiles%2FResidentialDevelopment-OccupiedDwellings-docs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSaveney2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McSaveney, Eileen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-13">"Historic earthquakes – The 2011 Christchurch earthquake"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926103028/https://teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-13">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historic+earthquakes+%E2%80%93+The+2011+Christchurch+earthquake&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=McSaveney&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fhistoric-earthquakes%2Fpage-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStylianou2013" class="citation news cs1">Stylianou, Georgina (27 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327224756/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/8478832/Christchurch-red-zone-curtain-set-to-fall">"Christchurch red zone curtain set to fall"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/8478832/Christchurch-red-zone-curtain-set-to-fall">the original</a> on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Christchurch+red+zone+curtain+set+to+fall&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft.aulast=Stylianou&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F8478832%2FChristchurch-red-zone-curtain-set-to-fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2021" class="citation news cs1">Hunt, Elle (22 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/22/before-and-after-how-the-2011-earthquake-changed-christchurch">"Before and after: how the 2011 earthquake changed Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329011059/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/22/before-and-after-how-the-2011-earthquake-changed-christchurch">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Before+and+after%3A+how+the+2011+earthquake+changed+Christchurch&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Elle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Ffeb%2F22%2Fbefore-and-after-how-the-2011-earthquake-changed-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSaveney2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McSaveney, Eileen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-13">"Historic earthquakes – The 2011 Christchurch earthquake"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926103028/https://teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-13">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historic+earthquakes+%E2%80%93+The+2011+Christchurch+earthquake&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=McSaveney&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fhistoric-earthquakes%2Fpage-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Christchurch Central Recovery Plan: Te Mahere 'Maraka Ōtautahi'. Christchurch: Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority. 2012. p. 4. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-478-39718-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-478-39718-5"><bdi>978-0-478-39718-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Central+Recovery+Plan%3A+Te+Mahere+%27Maraka+%C5%8Ctautahi%27&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Christchurch%3A+Canterbury+Earthquake+Recovery+Authority&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-478-39718-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvie2017" class="citation news cs1">Harvie, Will (23 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/the-rebuild/95511834/five-years-on-architects-of-christchurch-rebuild-blueprint-stand-by-their-plan">"Five years on, architects of Christchurch rebuild blueprint stand by their plan"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122225951/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/the-rebuild/95511834/five-years-on-architects-of-christchurch-rebuild-blueprint-stand-by-their-plan">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Five+years+on%2C+architects+of+Christchurch+rebuild+blueprint+stand+by+their+plan&rft.date=2017-08-23&rft.aulast=Harvie&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-rebuild%2F95511834%2Ffive-years-on-architects-of-christchurch-rebuild-blueprint-stand-by-their-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2021" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Liz (6 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/126597780/high-demand-sees-crown-offer-land-in-christchurchs-east-frame-to-more-developers">"High demand sees Crown offer land in Christchurch's east frame to more developers"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423075824/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/126597780/high-demand-sees-crown-offer-land-in-christchurchs-east-frame-to-more-developers">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=High+demand+sees+Crown+offer+land+in+Christchurch%27s+east+frame+to+more+developers&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F126597780%2Fhigh-demand-sees-crown-offer-land-in-christchurchs-east-frame-to-more-developers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fyi.org.nz/request/7543-suburb-boundaries">"Suburb boundaries – a Official Information Act request to Christchurch City Council"</a>. FYI. 30 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420070632/https://fyi.org.nz/request/7543-suburb-boundaries">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FYI&rft.atitle=Suburb+boundaries+%E2%80%93+a+Official+Information+Act+request+to+Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffyi.org.nz%2Frequest%2F7543-suburb-boundaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://teara.govt.nz/en/map/10370/the-expansion-of-christchurch-to-1926">"The expansion of Christchurch to 1926"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421064758/https://teara.govt.nz/en/map/10370/the-expansion-of-christchurch-to-1926">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=The+expansion+of+Christchurch+to+1926&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmap%2F10370%2Fthe-expansion-of-christchurch-to-1926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/canterbury-region/page-13">"Canterbury region – Christchurch"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109134339/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/canterbury-region/page-13">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Canterbury+region+%E2%80%93+Christchurch&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcanterbury-region%2Fpage-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/functional-urban-areas-methodology-and-classification">"Functional urban areas – methodology and classification | Stats NZ"</a>. www.stats.govt.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628170309/https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/functional-urban-areas-methodology-and-classification">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Functional+urban+areas+%E2%80%93+methodology+and+classification+%7C+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Fmethods%2Ffunctional-urban-areas-methodology-and-classification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225155739/http://www.niwa.co.nz/edu/resources/climate/maxairtemp">"Mean Daily Maximum Temperatures 1971–2000"</a>. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.niwa.co.nz/edu/resources/climate/maxairtemp">the original</a> on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mean+Daily+Maximum+Temperatures+1971%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Water+and+Atmospheric+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niwa.co.nz%2Fedu%2Fresources%2Fclimate%2Fmaxairtemp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.metservice.co.nz/default/index.php?pkey%3D190512%26ckey%3D192956">Canterbury's damaging nor'wester</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111231254/http://www.metservice.co.nz/default/index.php?pkey%3D190512%26ckey%3D192956">Archived</a> 11 January 2005 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meteorological_Service_of_New_Zealand_Limited?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited">Metservice NZ</a> website)</li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapperTysonOwensHastie1981" class="citation journal cs1">Tapper, NJ; Tyson, PD; Owens, IF; Hastie, WJ (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1175%252F1520-0450%25281981%2529020%253C0365%253AVKECOH%253E2.0.CO%253B2">"Modeling the Winter Urban Heat Island Over Christchurch, New Zealand"</a>. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 20 (4): 289. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1175%252F1520-0450%25281981%2529020%253C0365%253AVKECOH%253E2.0.CO%253B2">10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0365:VKECOH>2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1520-0450">1520-0450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+Winter+Urban+Heat+Island+Over+Christchurch%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=289&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1175%2F1520-0450%281981%29020%3C0365%3AVKECOH%3E2.0.CO%3B2&rft.issn=1520-0450&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=NJ&rft.au=Tyson%2C+PD&rft.au=Owens%2C+IF&rft.au=Hastie%2C+WJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1175%252F1520-0450%25281981%2529020%253C0365%253AVKECOH%253E2.0.CO%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/100916484/nzs-hottest-ever-day-melted-roads-striking-workers-and-26000-dead-chickens">"NZ's hottest ever day: Melted roads, striking workers and 26,000 dead chickens"</a>. www.stuff.co.nz. 26 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204022651/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/100916484/nzs-hottest-ever-day-melted-roads-striking-workers-and-26000-dead-chickens">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.stuff.co.nz&rft.atitle=NZ%27s+hottest+ever+day%3A+Melted+roads%2C+striking+workers+and+26%2C000+dead+chickens&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F100916484%2Fnzs-hottest-ever-day-melted-roads-striking-workers-and-26000-dead-chickens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/nzmstic159.pdf">"High temperatures in Canterbury, Marlborough and Hawkes Bay 7 February 1973"</a> (PDF). NIWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730073642/https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/nzmstic159.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+temperatures+in+Canterbury%2C+Marlborough+and+Hawkes+Bay+7+February+1973&rft.pub=NIWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.niwa.co.nz%2Flibrary%2Fpublic%2Fnzmstic159.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">"CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent number: 4843, 4858, date range: 1991–2020)"</a>. NIWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310121410/https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CliFlo+-The+National+Climate+Database+%28Agent+number%3A+4843%2C+4858%2C+date+range%3A+1991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.pub=NIWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcliflo.niwa.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/groundfrost">Mean Number Of Days Of Ground Frost</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314035433/http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/groundfrost">Archived</a> 14 March 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Institute_of_Water_and_Atmospheric_Research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research">NIWA</a> website)</li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-172"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated1_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/nzmsmp167-2.pdf">"The Climate of Christchurch"</a> (PDF). New Zealand Meteorological Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113035014/http://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/nzmsmp167-2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Climate+of+Christchurch&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.niwa.co.nz%2Flibrary%2Fpublic%2Fnzmsmp167-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">"CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent number: 4849)"</a>. NIWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310121410/https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2020. 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Retrieved 31 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Open+fires%2C+old+woodburners+banned+in+Christchurch&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fregional%2F53393%2Fopen-fires%2C-old-woodburners-banned-in-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-NIWA-176"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NIWA_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520001949/https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather/climate-data-and-activities">"Climate data and activities"</a>. NIWA. 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NIWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310121410/https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2020. 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Christchurch City (060).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+area+1+dataset+for+2018+Census&rft.pages=Christchurch+City+%28060%29&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Finformation-releases%2Fstatistical-area-1-dataset-for-2018-census-updated-march-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-place-summaries/christchurch-city">2018 Census place summary: Christchurch City </a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2023-185">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2023_185-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2023_185-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2023_185-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2023_185-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.060.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Christchurch City (060). Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Christchurch+City+%28060%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.060.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.060%252Bw_06001%252Bw_06002%252Bw_06003%252Bw_06004%252Bw_06005%252Bw_06006%252Bw_06007%252Bw_06008%252Bw_06009%252Bw_06010%252Bw_06011%252Bw_06012%252Bw_06013%252Bw_06014%252Bw_06015%252Bw_06016.2023%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003">"Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+dwellings%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.060%252Bw_06001%252Bw_06002%252Bw_06003%252Bw_06004%252Bw_06005%252Bw_06006%252Bw_06007%252Bw_06008%252Bw_06009%252Bw_06010%252Bw_06011%252Bw_06012%252Bw_06013%252Bw_06014%252Bw_06015%252Bw_06016.2023%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06001.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Harewood Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Harewood+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06001.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06002.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Waimairi Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Waimairi+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06002.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06003.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Papanui Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Papanui+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06003.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06004.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Fendalton Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Fendalton+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06004.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06005.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Innes Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Innes+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06005.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06006.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Burwood Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Burwood+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06006.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06007.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Coastal Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Coastal+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06007.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06008.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Hornby Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Hornby+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06008.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06009.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Halswell Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Halswell+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06009.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06010.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Riccarton Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Riccarton+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06010.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06011.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Spreydon Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Spreydon+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06011.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06012.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Central Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Central+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06012.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06013.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Cashmere Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Cashmere+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06013.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06014.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Linwood Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Linwood+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06014.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06015.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Heathcote Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Heathcote+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06015.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06016.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Banks Peninsula Ward. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Banks+Peninsula+Ward&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.w_06016.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Culture-Community/Stats-and-facts-on-Christchurch/2022-Ward_CBProfile/2018CensusWardCommunityBoardProfilesWEB.xlsx">"Selected census data for community boards, wards and Banks Peninsula subdivisions"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528033721/https://ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Culture-Community/Stats-and-facts-on-Christchurch/2022-Ward_CBProfile/2018CensusWardCommunityBoardProfilesWEB.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.atitle=Selected+census+data+for+community+boards%2C+wards+and+Banks+Peninsula+subdivisions&rft.date=2022-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FDocuments%2FCulture-Community%2FStats-and-facts-on-Christchurch%2F2022-Ward_CBProfile%2F2018CensusWardCommunityBoardProfilesWEB.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2023_UA-204">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_204-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_204-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_204-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.2106.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%255bTIME%255d%3Dfalse%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%255bcl%255d%3DCEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Christchurch (2106). Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Christchurch+%282106%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.2106.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%255b0%255d%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%255bds%255d%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%255bid%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%255bag%255d%3DSTATSNZ%26df%255bvs%255d%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.2106.2023%26ly%255brw%255d%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003">"Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+dwellings%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+%E2%80%93+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.2106.2023%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rep.infometrics.co.nz/christchurch-city/economy/structure?compare%3Dnew-zealand">"Regional Economic Profile – Christchurch City – 2023 Industry structure of economy"</a>. Infometrics. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419073253/https://rep.infometrics.co.nz/christchurch-city/economy/structure?compare%3Dnew-zealand">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infometrics&rft.atitle=Regional+Economic+Profile+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+City+%E2%80%93+2023+Industry+structure+of+economy&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frep.infometrics.co.nz%2Fchristchurch-city%2Feconomy%2Fstructure%3Fcompare%3Dnew-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://figure.nz/chart/W9VhJ662mcUp87Ny-jSVnLU9znPF6lmCX">"Gross Domestic Product of the Canterbury Region, New Zealand – year ended March 2022"</a>. Figure.NZ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419084213/https://figure.nz/chart/W9VhJ662mcUp87Ny-jSVnLU9znPF6lmCX">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Figure.NZ&rft.atitle=Gross+Domestic+Product+of+the+Canterbury+Region%2C+New+Zealand+%E2%80%93+year+ended+March+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigure.nz%2Fchart%2FW9VhJ662mcUp87Ny-jSVnLU9znPF6lmCX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rep.infometrics.co.nz/christchurch-city/employment/structure?compare%3Dnew-zealand">"Regional Economic Profile – Christchurch City – 2023 Industry structure of employment"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infometrics&rft.atitle=Regional+Economic+Profile+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+City+%E2%80%93+2023+Industry+structure+of+employment&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frep.infometrics.co.nz%2Fchristchurch-city%2Femployment%2Fstructure%3Fcompare%3Dnew-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cdc.org.nz/christchurch/manufacturing-jobs/">"Manufacturing Jobs in Christchurch"</a>. CDC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330130856/http://www.cdc.org.nz/christchurch/manufacturing-jobs/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC&rft.atitle=Manufacturing+Jobs+in+Christchurch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.org.nz%2Fchristchurch%2Fmanufacturing-jobs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nbr.co.nz/opinion/will-tech-companies-stay-committed-christchurch-roll-call">"Will tech companies stay committed to Christchurch? A roll call"</a>. 28 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611063309/http://www.nbr.co.nz/opinion/will-tech-companies-stay-committed-christchurch-roll-call">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Will+tech+companies+stay+committed+to+Christchurch%3F+A+roll+call&rft.date=2011-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbr.co.nz%2Fopinion%2Fwill-tech-companies-stay-committed-christchurch-roll-call&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kiwinet.org.nz/SuccessStories/InvertRobotics">"Christchurch-based Invert Robotics expands further into global markets – New Zealand Research Commercialisation Success Stories"</a>. kiwinet.org.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119071117/https://kiwinet.org.nz/SuccessStories/InvertRobotics">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kiwinet.org.nz&rft.atitle=Christchurch-based+Invert+Robotics+expands+further+into+global+markets+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Research+Commercialisation+Success+Stories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkiwinet.org.nz%2FSuccessStories%2FInvertRobotics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cdc.org.nz/christchurch/it-jobs/">"IT Jobs in Christchurch"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330120759/http://www.cdc.org.nz/christchurch/it-jobs/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IT+Jobs+in+Christchurch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.org.nz%2Fchristchurch%2Fit-jobs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.riccartonhouse.co.nz/">"Riccarton House and Bush"</a>. Riccarton Bush Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601085645/https://www.riccartonhouse.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riccarton+House+and+Bush&rft.pub=Riccarton+Bush+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riccartonhouse.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-agriculture-214">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-agriculture_214-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-agriculture_214-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DZqsqxEnHWGYC%26pg%3DPA290">Agricultural Policy Reform and the Rural Economy in OECD Countries</a>. OECD Publishing. 1998. p. 290. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789264162532?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9789264162532"><bdi>9789264162532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agricultural+Policy+Reform+and+the+Rural+Economy+in+OECD+Countries&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9789264162532&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZqsqxEnHWGYC%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/Geographic-areas/urban-rural-profile/historical-context.aspx">"Historical Context"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=PGG+Wrightson+profit+lifts+in+tough+year&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft.aulast=Hutching&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Ffarming%2F82966086%2FPGG-Wrightson-profit-lifts-in-tough-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pggwrightson.co.nz/Our-Company/About-Us">"About PGG Wrightson"</a>. www.pggwrightson.co.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816005637/https://www.pggwrightson.co.nz/Our-Company/About-Us">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pggwrightson.co.nz&rft.atitle=About+PGG+Wrightson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pggwrightson.co.nz%2FOur-Company%2FAbout-Us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuide" class="citation web cs1">Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tourism.net.nz/region/christchurch/attractions-and-activities/wineries">"Christchurch Wineries, Wine Tasting & Vineyards New Zealand"</a>. www.tourism.net.nz. 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Retrieved 15 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tourism.net.nz&rft.atitle=Christchurch+Wineries%2C+Wine+Tasting+%26+Vineyards+New+Zealand&rft.au=Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.net.nz%2Fregion%2Fchristchurch%2Fattractions-and-activities%2Fwineries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWigram1916" class="citation book cs1">Wigram, Henry F. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://archive.org/details/storyofchristchu00wigriala">The story of Christchurch, New Zealand</a>. University of California Libraries. 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Great Journeys NZ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421031622/https://www.greatjourneysnz.com/destinations/christchurch/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Great+Journeys+NZ&rft.atitle=Christchurch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatjourneysnz.com%2Fdestinations%2Fchristchurch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rep.infometrics.co.nz/christchurch-city/tourism/gdp?compare%3Dnew-zealand">"Regional Economic Profile – Christchurch City – 2023 Tourism GDP"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421020112/https://rep.infometrics.co.nz/christchurch-city/tourism/gdp?compare%3Dnew-zealand">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Economic+Profile+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+City+%E2%80%93+2023+Tourism+GDP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frep.infometrics.co.nz%2Fchristchurch-city%2Ftourism%2Fgdp%3Fcompare%3Dnew-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rep.infometrics.co.nz/christchurch-city/tourism/expenditure-by-category">"Regional Economic Profile – Christchurch City – 2023 Tourism expenditure by category"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421020113/https://rep.infometrics.co.nz/christchurch-city/tourism/expenditure-by-category">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Economic+Profile+%E2%80%93+Christchurch+City+%E2%80%93+2023+Tourism+expenditure+by+category&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frep.infometrics.co.nz%2Fchristchurch-city%2Ftourism%2Fexpenditure-by-category&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200860-223"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200860_223-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 60.</li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Roberts, Nigel (20 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/37143/leaving-lyttelton-harbour-1901">"Antarctica and New Zealand – The heroic age of Antarctic exploration"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425001113/https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/37143/leaving-lyttelton-harbour-1901">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antarctica+and+New+Zealand+%E2%80%93+The+heroic+age+of+Antarctic+exploration&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2012-06-20&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fphotograph%2F37143%2Fleaving-lyttelton-harbour-1901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2021" class="citation news cs1">Hammond, Julia (24 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/hands-on-history-step-aboard-scotlands-rss-discovery-ship/S2GWX4UETDXU3O3N3S3AELQYAE/">"Hands-on history: Step aboard Scotland's RSS Discovery ship"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424001641/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/hands-on-history-step-aboard-scotlands-rss-discovery-ship/S2GWX4UETDXU3O3N3S3AELQYAE/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Hands-on+history%3A+Step+aboard+Scotland%27s+RSS+Discovery+ship&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Ftravel%2Fhands-on-history-step-aboard-scotlands-rss-discovery-ship%2FS2GWX4UETDXU3O3N3S3AELQYAE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice200873-226"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice200873_226-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRice2008">Rice 2008</a>, p. 73.</li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurch2017" class="citation news cs1">Church, Logan (7 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/341026/quake-damaged-captain-scott-statue-repaired">"Quake-damaged Captain Scott statue repaired"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423224447/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/341026/quake-damaged-captain-scott-statue-repaired">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Quake-damaged+Captain+Scott+statue+repaired&rft.date=2017-10-07&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=Logan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F341026%2Fquake-damaged-captain-scott-statue-repaired&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-SUN-228"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SUN_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contentHandler.cfm?id%3D1309">"Looking good in the Antarctic"</a>. Clothing Distribution Center in Christchurch, New Zealand, outfits USAP participants for the trip south. The Antarctic Sun. 10 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910162658/http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contentHandler.cfm?id%3D1309">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clothing+Distribution+Center+in+Christchurch%2C+New+Zealand%2C+outfits+USAP+participants+for+the+trip+south&rft.atitle=Looking+good+in+the+Antarctic&rft.date=2008-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantarcticsun.usap.gov%2Ffeatures%2FcontentHandler.cfm%3Fid%3D1309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-229">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ecan.govt.nz/home/">Environment Canterbury</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308121002/http://www.ecan.govt.nz/home">Archived</a> 8 March 2005 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (official regional council website)</li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-230">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_District_Health_Board?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury District Health Board">Canterbury District Health Board</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cdhb.govt.nz/">"HealthFirst – the Canterbury District Health Board gateway to health information for everyone"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212105258/http://www.cdhb.govt.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2005. Retrieved 14 February 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HealthFirst+%E2%80%93+the+Canterbury+District+Health+Board+gateway+to+health+information+for+everyone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdhb.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"> (official district health board website)</li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.greaterchristchurch.org.nz/">"Greater Christchurch Urban Development Strategy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604221819/http://www.greaterchristchurch.org.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greater+Christchurch+Urban+Development+Strategy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greaterchristchurch.org.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elections.org.nz/voters/find-my-electorate">"Find my electorate"</a>. Electoral Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107104824/http://www.elections.org.nz/voters/find-my-electorate">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+my+electorate&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.org.nz%2Fvoters%2Ffind-my-electorate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaber2013" class="citation news cs1">Naber, Mark (1 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216080018/http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff-nation/8080176/Your-vision-for-Christchurch-Keep-the-neo-Gothic-flavour">"Your vision for Christchurch: Keep the neo-Gothic flavour"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff-nation/8080176/Your-vision-for-Christchurch-Keep-the-neo-Gothic-flavour">the original</a> on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Your+vision+for+Christchurch%3A+Keep+the+neo-Gothic+flavour&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.aulast=Naber&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fstuff-nation%2F8080176%2FYour-vision-for-Christchurch-Keep-the-neo-Gothic-flavour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-234">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz/localcinemas/regent.html">Regent Theatre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010333/http://www.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz/localcinemas/regent.html">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> [1930–1976] (from the Canterbury Film Society website)</li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/oldest-cinema-christchurch-getting-new-lease-life">"Oldest cinema in Christchurch getting new lease of life"</a>. Star News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320110842/https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/oldest-cinema-christchurch-getting-new-lease-life">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+News&rft.atitle=Oldest+cinema+in+Christchurch+getting+new+lease+of+life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fstar-news%2Fstar-christchurch%2Foldest-cinema-christchurch-getting-new-lease-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2018" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Liz (11 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/106988919/new-hoyts-multiplex-seen-as-big-boost-for-central-christchurch">"New Hoyts multiplex seen as big boost for central Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030030108/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/106988919/new-hoyts-multiplex-seen-as-big-boost-for-central-christchurch">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=New+Hoyts+multiplex+seen+as+big+boost+for+central+Christchurch&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F106988919%2Fnew-hoyts-multiplex-seen-as-big-boost-for-central-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz/localcinemas/westfield.html">"Hoyts Riccarton [2005 – ]"</a>. Canterbury Film Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302105105/http://www.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz/localcinemas/westfield.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoyts+Riccarton+%5B2005+%E2%80%93+%5D&rft.pub=Canterbury+Film+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz%2Flocalcinemas%2Fwestfield.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2020" class="citation news cs1">Gates, Charlie (28 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/119051483/film-buffs-buy-christchurchs-alice-dvd-store-and-cinema">"Film buffs buy Christchurch's Alice DVD store and cinema"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408044435/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/119051483/film-buffs-buy-christchurchs-alice-dvd-store-and-cinema">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Film+buffs+buy+Christchurch%27s+Alice+DVD+store+and+cinema&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F119051483%2Ffilm-buffs-buy-christchurchs-alice-dvd-store-and-cinema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302105105/http://www.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz/localcinemas/westfield.html">"Canterbury Film Society"</a>. Canterbury Film Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz/localcinemas/westfield.html">the original</a> on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canterbury+Film+Society&rft.pub=Canterbury+Film+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburyfilmsociety.org.nz%2Flocalcinemas%2Fwestfield.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-240">^</a> Synopsis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110005/synopsis?ref_%3Dttpl_pl_syn">Retrieved 4 October 2015.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107104824/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110005/synopsis?ref_%3Dttpl_pl_syn">Archived</a> 7 January 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-241">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccc.govt.nz/Parks/GardenCity/">Christchurch, the Garden City</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828143324/http://ccc.govt.nz/Parks/GardenCity/">Archived</a> 28 August 2005 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a> website)</li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerton2022" class="citation news cs1">Merton, Georgia (18 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/128380003/does-christchurch-still-deserve-the-title-of-the-garden-city">"Does Christchurch still deserve the title of the Garden City?"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114204137/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/128380003/does-christchurch-still-deserve-the-title-of-the-garden-city">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Does+Christchurch+still+deserve+the+title+of+the+Garden+City%3F&rft.date=2022-04-18&rft.aulast=Merton&rft.aufirst=Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F128380003%2Fdoes-christchurch-still-deserve-the-title-of-the-garden-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWassilieff2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wassilieff, Maggy (4 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/public-gardens/page-2">"The oldest public gardens"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106083055/https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-gardens/page-2">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+oldest+public+gardens&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2008-11-04&rft.aulast=Wassilieff&rft.aufirst=Maggy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fpublic-gardens%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/kereru-numbers-take-off-in-the-city">"Kererū numbers take off in the city"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. 15 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203145732/https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/kereru-numbers-take-off-in-the-city">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kerer%C5%AB+numbers+take+off+in+the+city&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsline.ccc.govt.nz%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fkereru-numbers-take-off-in-the-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/live-music-fireworks-and-kites-to-see-out-christchurchs-summer/VD63JPFG4FEPRGFVQFEDRTSJI4/">"Live music, fireworks and kites to see out Christchurch's summer"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. 8 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424233219/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/live-music-fireworks-and-kites-to-see-out-christchurchs-summer/VD63JPFG4FEPRGFVQFEDRTSJI4/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Live+music%2C+fireworks+and+kites+to+see+out+Christchurch%27s+summer&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Flive-music-fireworks-and-kites-to-see-out-christchurchs-summer%2FVD63JPFG4FEPRGFVQFEDRTSJI4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/blossoms-bring-spring-smiles">"Blossoms bring spring smiles"</a>. Newsline. 14 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424235010/https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/blossoms-bring-spring-smiles">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsline&rft.atitle=Blossoms+bring+spring+smiles&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsline.ccc.govt.nz%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fblossoms-bring-spring-smiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDownes2023" class="citation web cs1">Downes, Siobhan (21 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/300677644/the-best-places-to-see-cherry-blossoms-in-new-zealand-in-2022">"The best places to see cherry blossoms in New Zealand in 2023"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919075112/https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/300677644/the-best-places-to-see-cherry-blossoms-in-new-zealand-in-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=The+best+places+to+see+cherry+blossoms+in+New+Zealand+in+2023&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft.aulast=Downes&rft.aufirst=Siobhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fnz%2F300677644%2Fthe-best-places-to-see-cherry-blossoms-in-new-zealand-in-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2005103–109-248"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2005103%E2%80%93109_248-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilson2005">Wilson 2005</a>, pp. 103–109.</li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDuff2023" class="citation news cs1">MacDuff, Keiller (1 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/130956757/twenty-royal-spoonbills-spotted-nesting-in-tree-on-christchurch-island">"Twenty royal spoonbills spotted nesting in tree on Christchurch island"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424231405/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/130956757/twenty-royal-spoonbills-spotted-nesting-in-tree-on-christchurch-island">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Twenty+royal+spoonbills+spotted+nesting+in+tree+on+Christchurch+island&rft.date=2023-02-01&rft.aulast=MacDuff&rft.aufirst=Keiller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fenvironment%2F130956757%2Ftwenty-royal-spoonbills-spotted-nesting-in-tree-on-christchurch-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/rare-bird-caught-on-camera-at-travis-wetland">"Rare bird caught on camera at Travis Wetland"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. 22 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224022029/https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/rare-bird-caught-on-camera-at-travis-wetland">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rare+bird+caught+on+camera+at+Travis+Wetland&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsline.ccc.govt.nz%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Frare-bird-caught-on-camera-at-travis-wetland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-lifestyle/star-travel/new-brighton-mini-holiday-town-during-nor%25E2%2580%2599wester">"New Brighton a 'mini-holiday town' during nor'wester"</a>. Star News. 19 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424231405/https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-lifestyle/star-travel/new-brighton-mini-holiday-town-during-nor%25E2%2580%2599wester">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+News&rft.atitle=New+Brighton+a+%27mini-holiday+town%27+during+nor%27wester&rft.date=2024-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fstar-news%2Fstar-lifestyle%2Fstar-travel%2Fnew-brighton-mini-holiday-town-during-nor%25E2%2580%2599wester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvie2024" class="citation news cs1">Harvie, Will (26 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/128657417/restoring-nature-mans-mission-to-return-a-christchurch-reserve-back-to-bush">"Restoring nature: Man's mission to return a Christchurch reserve back to bush"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519000321/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/128657417/restoring-nature-mans-mission-to-return-a-christchurch-reserve-back-to-bush">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Restoring+nature%3A+Man%27s+mission+to+return+a+Christchurch+reserve+back+to+bush&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft.aulast=Harvie&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fenvironment%2F128657417%2Frestoring-nature-mans-mission-to-return-a-christchurch-reserve-back-to-bush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/papanui-goes-bush-after-160-years">"Papanui goes bush after 160 years"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. 13 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029022151/https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/papanui-goes-bush-after-160-years">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papanui+goes+bush+after+160+years&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2018-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsline.ccc.govt.nz%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fpapanui-goes-bush-after-160-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oranawildlifepark.co.nz/">"Open Range Zoo, Christchurch NZ | Orana Wildlife Park"</a>. Orana Wildlife Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119232036/https://www.oranawildlifepark.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Range+Zoo%2C+Christchurch+NZ+%7C+Orana+Wildlife+Park&rft.pub=Orana+Wildlife+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oranawildlifepark.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Walton-255">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Walton_255-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Walton_255-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2024" class="citation news cs1">Walton, Mark (6 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/350190724/our-kiwi-home-theatre-history">"Our Kiwi Home: A theatre with a history"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429001701/https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/350190724/our-kiwi-home-theatre-history">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Our+Kiwi+Home%3A+A+theatre+with+a+history&rft.date=2024-04-06&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepress.co.nz%2Fnz-news%2F350190724%2Four-kiwi-home-theatre-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113083401/http://isaactheatreroyal.co.nz/our-history/theatre-history/">"Isaac Theatre Royal – History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://isaactheatreroyal.co.nz/our-history/theatre-history/">the original</a> on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isaac+Theatre+Royal+%E2%80%93+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisaactheatreroyal.co.nz%2Four-history%2Ftheatre-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/christchurch-life/art-and-stage/10698938/Isaac-Theatre-Royal-Despair-to-repair">"Isaac Theatre Royal: Despair to repair"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. 5 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114000726/http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/christchurch-life/art-and-stage/10698938/Isaac-Theatre-Royal-Despair-to-repair">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Isaac+Theatre+Royal%3A+Despair+to+repair&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fchristchurch-life%2Fart-and-stage%2F10698938%2FIsaac-Theatre-Royal-Despair-to-repair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-258">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.courttheatre.org.nz">Court Theatre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/19991109002959/http://www.courttheatre.org.nz/html/98_season.html">Archived</a> 9 November 1999 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the official Court Theatre website)</li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2023" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Sam (2 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thespinoff.co.nz/pop-culture/02-10-2023/why-does-the-court-theatre-drama-matter">"Why does the Court Theatre drama matter?"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Spinoff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Spinoff">The Spinoff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206133402/https://thespinoff.co.nz/pop-culture/02-10-2023/why-does-the-court-theatre-drama-matter">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spinoff&rft.atitle=Why+does+the+Court+Theatre+drama+matter%3F&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthespinoff.co.nz%2Fpop-culture%2F02-10-2023%2Fwhy-does-the-court-theatre-drama-matter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2022" class="citation news cs1">Gates, Charlie (29 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/129120478/court-theatres-building-and-land-in-addington-sold-for-development">"Court Theatre's building and land in Addington sold for development"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705014911/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/129120478/court-theatres-building-and-land-in-addington-sold-for-development">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Court+Theatre%27s+building+and+land+in+Addington+sold+for+development&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F129120478%2Fcourt-theatres-building-and-land-in-addington-sold-for-development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-south-today/court-theatre-build-takes-centre-stage">"Court Theatre build takes centre stage"</a>. Star News. 15 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620135400/https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-south-today/court-theatre-build-takes-centre-stage">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+News&rft.atitle=Court+Theatre+build+takes+centre+stage&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fstar-news%2Fstar-south-today%2Fcourt-theatre-build-takes-centre-stage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/actors-and-acting/page-3">"3. – Actors and acting – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906024049/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/actors-and-acting/page-3">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=3.+%E2%80%93+Actors+and+acting+%E2%80%93+Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Factors-and-acting%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926080151/https://www.showbiz.org.nz/about-showbiz/">"About Showbiz Christchurch"</a>. www.showbiz.org.nz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.showbiz.org.nz/about-showbiz/">the original</a> on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.showbiz.org.nz&rft.atitle=About+Showbiz+Christchurch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.showbiz.org.nz%2Fabout-showbiz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor-Harding2024" class="citation news cs1">O'Connor-Harding, Georgia (25 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/actress-take-top-role-christchurch-show-business">"Actress to take on a top role in Christchurch show business"</a>. Star News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416190554/https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/actress-take-top-role-christchurch-show-business">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+News&rft.atitle=Actress+to+take+on+a+top+role+in+Christchurch+show+business&rft.date=2024-11-25&rft.aulast=O%27Connor-Harding&rft.aufirst=Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fstar-news%2Fstar-christchurch%2Factress-take-top-role-christchurch-show-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.repertory.co.nz/">"Christchurch Repertory"</a>. Repertory.co.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724194140/http://www.repertory.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Repertory&rft.pub=Repertory.co.nz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.repertory.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elmwood-players.org.nz/">"Elmwood Players"</a>. Elmwood Players. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204061039/http://www.elmwood-players.org.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elmwood+Players&rft.pub=Elmwood+Players&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmwood-players.org.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.riccartonplayers.com">"Riccarton Players"</a>. Riccarton Players. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105091702/http://www.riccartonplayers.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riccarton+Players&rft.pub=Riccarton+Players&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riccartonplayers.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivers" class="citation web cs1">Rivers, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.malthouse.co.nz/">"Canterbury Children's Theatre"</a>. Malthouse.co.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219012153/http://www.malthouse.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canterbury+Children%27s+Theatre&rft.pub=Malthouse.co.nz&rft.aulast=Rivers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malthouse.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-LiveMusic-269">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LiveMusic_269-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LiveMusic_269-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Music/New-Zealand/Christchurch/">"Christchurch's music scene/venues"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518040151/http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Music/New-Zealand/Christchurch/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch%27s+music+scene%2Fvenues&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2FMusic%2FNew-Zealand%2FChristchurch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0804/S00312.htm">"Celebrating Christchurch Music in NZ Music Month"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scoop_(news_website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoop (news website)">Scoop</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104232943/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0804/S00312.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+Christchurch+Music+in+NZ+Music+Month&rft.pub=Scoop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FAK0804%2FS00312.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nzmusic.org.nz/nz-music-month/">"NZ Music Month"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Music_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Music Commission">New Zealand Music Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615041308/http://nzmusic.org.nz/nz-music-month/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZ+Music+Month&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Music+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzmusic.org.nz%2Fnz-music-month%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nzmusicmonth.co.nz/">"Homepage • New Zealand Music Month, May 2019"</a>. www.nzmusicmonth.co.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508130816/http://www.nzmusicmonth.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nzmusicmonth.co.nz&rft.atitle=Homepage+%E2%80%A2+New+Zealand+Music+Month%2C+May+2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzmusicmonth.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-273">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.christchurchsymphony.co.nz">Christchurch Symphony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121184537/http://christchurchsymphony.co.nz/">Archived</a> 21 January 2019 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the official Christchurch Symphony Orchestra website)</li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421074255/https://www.noted.co.nz/archive/archive-listener-nz-2013/opera-returns-to-christchurch">"Opera returns to Christchurch"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.noted.co.nz/archive/archive-listener-nz-2013/opera-returns-to-christchurch">the original</a> on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opera+returns+to+Christchurch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.noted.co.nz%2Farchive%2Farchive-listener-nz-2013%2Fopera-returns-to-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2018" class="citation news cs1">Gates, Charlie (16 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/100608669/make-or-break-year-for-christchurchs-world-buskers-festival">"Make or break year for Christchurch's World Buskers Festival"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812185819/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/100608669/make-or-break-year-for-christchurchs-world-buskers-festival">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Make+or+break+year+for+Christchurch%27s+World+Buskers+Festival&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fnews%2F100608669%2Fmake-or-break-year-for-christchurchs-world-buskers-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/2744/Hayley-Westenra-biography-out">"Hayley Westenra biography out"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. 31 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812185818/http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/2744/Hayley-Westenra-biography-out">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Hayley+Westenra+biography+out&rft.date=2009-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fentertainment%2F2744%2FHayley-Westenra-biography-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/10/12/christchurch-hip-hop-teen-duo-going-international/">"Christchurch hip hop teen duo going international"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1News">1News</a>. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429001703/https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/10/12/christchurch-hip-hop-teen-duo-going-international/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=1News&rft.atitle=Christchurch+hip+hop+teen+duo+going+international&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1news.co.nz%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fchristchurch-hip-hop-teen-duo-going-international%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2024" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Dominic (3 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/350141098/global-superstars-bring-hip-hop-and-rb-culture-christchurch">"Global superstars bring hip-hop and R&B culture to Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429002806/https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/350141098/global-superstars-bring-hip-hop-and-rb-culture-christchurch">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Global+superstars+bring+hip-hop+and+R%26B+culture+to+Christchurch&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepress.co.nz%2Fnz-news%2F350141098%2Fglobal-superstars-bring-hip-hop-and-rb-culture-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWicks2014" class="citation news cs1">Wicks, Sam (11 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/the-wireless/371307/dawn-raid-making-hip-hop-history">"Dawn Raid: Making hip hop history"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130105614/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/the-wireless/371307/dawn-raid-making-hip-hop-history">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2023. 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London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press, 2000</li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020215429/http://geocities.com/SoHo/Study/9077/hiphoptimeline.html">"Aotearoa hiphop timeline"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Live+Music&rft.pub=Christchurch+Music+Industry+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christchurchmusic.org.nz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thepiano.nz/">"The Piano"</a>. thepiano.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018040636/https://thepiano.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thepiano.nz&rft.atitle=The+Piano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthepiano.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2016" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Liz (6 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/80810200/newest-music-venue-filling-up">"Christchurch's $16.8m music venue The Piano ready for August opening"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419105031/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/80810200/newest-music-venue-filling-up">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Christchurch%27s+%2416.8m+music+venue+The+Piano+ready+for+August+opening&rft.date=2016-06-06&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2F80810200%2Fnewest-music-venue-filling-up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaish2022" class="citation news cs1">Naish, Joanne (10 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/128920064/christchurchs-multimilliondollar-convention-centre-to-open-to-the-public">"Christchurch's multimillion-dollar convention centre to open to the public"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611160431/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/128920064/christchurchs-multimilliondollar-convention-centre-to-open-to-the-public">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Christchurch%27s+multimillion-dollar+convention+centre+to+open+to+the+public&rft.date=2022-06-10&rft.aulast=Naish&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F128920064%2Fchristchurchs-multimilliondollar-convention-centre-to-open-to-the-public&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2021" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Liz (26 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127116045/ceremonial-opening-for-te-pae-convention-centre-before-christmas">"Ceremonial opening for Te Pae convention centre before Christmas"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913061936/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127116045/ceremonial-opening-for-te-pae-convention-centre-before-christmas">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Ceremonial+opening+for+Te+Pae+convention+centre+before+Christmas&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F127116045%2Fceremonial-opening-for-te-pae-convention-centre-before-christmas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward2018" class="citation news cs1">Hayward, Michael (30 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/the-rebuild/104319184/christchurch-convention-centre-now-known-as-te-pae">"Christchurch convention centre now known as Te Pae"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221175035/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/the-rebuild/104319184/christchurch-convention-centre-now-known-as-te-pae">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Christchurch+convention+centre+now+known+as+Te+Pae&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-rebuild%2F104319184%2Fchristchurch-convention-centre-now-known-as-te-pae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2023" class="citation news cs1">Burns, Adam (2 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/497132/new-crusaders-coach-emotional-over-construction-of-new-stadium-in-christchurch">"New Crusaders' coach 'emotional' over construction of new stadium in Christchurch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417234525/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/497132/new-crusaders-coach-emotional-over-construction-of-new-stadium-in-christchurch">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=New+Crusaders%27+coach+%27emotional%27+over+construction+of+new+stadium+in+Christchurch&rft.date=2023-09-02&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F497132%2Fnew-crusaders-coach-emotional-over-construction-of-new-stadium-in-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-300"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://planning.org.nz/PersonProfile?Action%3DView%26PersonProfile_id%3D1010354">"Jessica Halliday"</a>. New Zealand Planning Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531103301/https://planning.org.nz/PersonProfile?Action%3DView%26PersonProfile_id%3D1010354">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Planning+Institute&rft.atitle=Jessica+Halliday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanning.org.nz%2FPersonProfile%3FAction%3DView%26PersonProfile_id%3D1010354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://openchch.nz/">"Open Christchurch | Discover your city through architecture"</a>. Open Christchurch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531110314/https://openchch.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Christchurch&rft.atitle=Open+Christchurch+%7C+Discover+your+city+through+architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenchch.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wordchristchurch.co.nz/about-word/">"About WORD"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531110816/https://wordchristchurch.co.nz/about-word/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+WORD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwordchristchurch.co.nz%2Fabout-word%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2015" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, John (6 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://teara.govt.nz/en/canterbury-region/page-16">"Canterbury region – Sport and leisure"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615024331/https://teara.govt.nz/en/canterbury-region/page-16">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Canterbury+region+%E2%80%93+Sport+and+leisure&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcanterbury-region%2Fpage-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sportcanterbury.org.nz/asset/downloadasset?id%3Ddb08f97f-a4bd-4224-a09e-6cdbdad79ebf">"2022 Sport Report"</a>. Sport Canterbury. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712032512/https://www.sportcanterbury.org.nz/asset/downloadasset?id%3Ddb08f97f-a4bd-4224-a09e-6cdbdad79ebf">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sport+Canterbury&rft.atitle=2022+Sport+Report&rft.pages=17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportcanterbury.org.nz%2Fasset%2Fdownloadasset%3Fid%3Ddb08f97f-a4bd-4224-a09e-6cdbdad79ebf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/rec-and-sport/sports-grounds/sports-associations">"Sports associations"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510193037/https://www.ccc.govt.nz/rec-and-sport/sports-grounds/sports-associations">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.atitle=Sports+associations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Frec-and-sport%2Fsports-grounds%2Fsports-associations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2013293-306"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2013293_306-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilson2013">Wilson 2013</a>, p. 293.</li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/rec-and-sport/sports-grounds">"Sports grounds and stadiums"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520221515/https://ccc.govt.nz/rec-and-sport/sports-grounds">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.atitle=Sports+grounds+and+stadiums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Frec-and-sport%2Fsports-grounds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2013305-308"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2013305_308-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilson2013">Wilson 2013</a>, p. 305.</li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisHayward2018" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Oliver; Hayward, Michael (21 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/107998371/athletics-track-opening-a-milestone-for-ng-puna-wai-sports-hub">"Athletics track opening a milestone for Ngā Puna Wai sports hub"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802143309/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/107998371/athletics-track-opening-a-milestone-for-ng-puna-wai-sports-hub">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020. 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Retrieved 28 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=%C5%8Ctautahi+Christchurch+%E2%80%93+Our+gateway+to+Antarctic+science&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fotautahi-christchurch-our-gateway-to-antarctic-science%2F4DDGWMKZXB2X5ICOW77IRLHLFA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2018" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Dominic (25 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/102510282/safe-water-on-tap-as-christchurch-swallows-its-pride">"Safe water on tap as Christchurch swallows its pride"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115005123/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/102510282/safe-water-on-tap-as-christchurch-swallows-its-pride">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Safe+water+on+tap+as+Christchurch+swallows+its+pride&rft.date=2018-03-25&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fenvironment%2F102510282%2Fsafe-water-on-tap-as-christchurch-swallows-its-pride&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccc.govt.nz/LTCCP/CommunityOutcomes/BaselineReport/Environment/">"Community Outcomes Baseline Report"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. 4 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016154738/http://www.ccc.govt.nz/LTCCP/CommunityOutcomes/BaselineReport/Environment/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Outcomes+Baseline+Report&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2010-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccc.govt.nz%2FLTCCP%2FCommunityOutcomes%2FBaselineReport%2FEnvironment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccc.govt.nz/homeliving/watersupply/ourwater/whereourwatercomesfrom.aspx">"Where our water comes from"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. 4 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618111101/http://www.ccc.govt.nz/homeliving/watersupply/ourwater/whereourwatercomesfrom.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+our+water+comes+from&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2010-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccc.govt.nz%2Fhomeliving%2Fwatersupply%2Fourwater%2Fwhereourwatercomesfrom.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/services/water-and-drainage/water-supply/water-chlorination">"Water chlorination"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. 25 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122232833/https://ccc.govt.nz/services/water-and-drainage/water-supply/water-chlorination">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+chlorination&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Fservices%2Fwater-and-drainage%2Fwater-supply%2Fwater-chlorination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/got-questions-about-chlorination">"Got questions about chlorination?"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. 30 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210050710/https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/got-questions-about-chlorination">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Got+questions+about+chlorination%3F&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsline.ccc.govt.nz%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fgot-questions-about-chlorination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDann" class="citation web cs1">Dann, Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://teara.govt.nz/en/sewage-water-and-waste/print%23">"Sewage, water and waste"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Sewage%2C+water+and+waste&rft.aulast=Dann&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fsewage-water-and-waste%2Fprint%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-pumphouse-340">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pumphouse_340-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pumphouse_340-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thepumphouse.co.nz/heritage-buildings/">"Heritage Buildings: The Pumphouse, Christchurch"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+Buildings%3A+The+Pumphouse%2C+Christchurch&rft.pub=The+Pumphouse+Demolition+Yard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthepumphouse.co.nz%2Fheritage-buildings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/cdda187539v1875n26412/">"Christchurch District Drainage Act 1875"</a>. New Zealand Legal Information Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425023455/http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/cdda187539v1875n26412/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=Christchurch+District+Drainage+Act+1875&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzlii.org%2Fnz%2Flegis%2Fhist_act%2Fcdda187539v1875n26412%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulovic" class="citation web cs1">Bulovic, Annette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.peelingbackhistory.co.nz/first-meeting-of-the-christchurch-drainage-board-4th-january-1876/">"First Meeting Of The Christchurch Drainage Board – 4th January 1876"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peeling+Back+History&rft.atitle=First+Meeting+Of+The+Christchurch+Drainage+Board+%E2%80%93+4th+January+1876&rft.aulast=Bulovic&rft.aufirst=Annette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peelingbackhistory.co.nz%2Ffirst-meeting-of-the-christchurch-drainage-board-4th-january-1876%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18760105.2.14">"Christchurch District Drainage Board"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. Vol. XXV, no. 3228. 5 January 1876. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425024835/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18760105.2.14">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papers_Past?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papers Past">Papers Past</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Christchurch+District+Drainage+Board&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=3228&rft.date=1876-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP18760105.2.14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1878" class="citation book cs1">Clark, William (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://canterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz/documents-by-key/20110929.36/%2524File/GEO.CLA.0001.SUB.pdf">Drainage scheme for Christchurch and the suburbs — with plan and explanatory diagrams</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426230217/https://canterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz/documents-by-key/20110929.36/%2524File/GEO.CLA.0001.SUB.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024 – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Earthquakes_Royal_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission">Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drainage+scheme+for+Christchurch+and+the+suburbs+%E2%80%94+with+plan+and+explanatory+diagrams&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz%2Fdocuments-by-key%2F20110929.36%2F%24File%2FGEO.CLA.0001.SUB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18821021.2.18">"Board of Health"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. Vol. XXXVIII, no. 5324. 21 October 1882. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425021644/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18821021.2.18">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papers_Past?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papers Past">Papers Past</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Board+of+Health&rft.volume=XXXVIII&rft.issue=5324&rft.date=1882-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP18821021.2.18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCyclopedia_Company_Limited1903" class="citation book cs1">Cyclopedia Company Limited (1903). "Christchurch Drainage Board". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc03Cycl-t1-body1-d3-d14.html">The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Canterbury Provincial District</a>. Christchurch: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Cyclopedia_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Cyclopedia of New Zealand">The Cyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904060514/https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/webarchive/20210104000423/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc03Cycl-t1-body1-d3-d14.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christchurch+Drainage+Board&rft.btitle=The+Cyclopedia+of+New+Zealand+%3A+Canterbury+Provincial+District&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=The+Cyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1903&rft.au=Cyclopedia+Company+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-Cyc03Cycl-t1-body1-d3-d14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621065023/http://www.oriongroup.co.nz/company-profile/company-history.aspx">"Company history"</a>. Orion New Zealand Limited. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oriongroup.co.nz/company-profile/company-history.aspx">the original</a> on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Company+history&rft.pub=Orion+New+Zealand+Limited&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oriongroup.co.nz%2Fcompany-profile%2Fcompany-history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20110304154432/http://tvnz.co.nz//national-news/power-transformer-installed-in-eastern-chch-suburbs-4042662">"Power transformer to be installed in eastern Chch suburbs"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newstalk_ZB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newstalk ZB">Newstalk ZB</a>. TVNZ. 4 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://tvnz.co.nz//national-news/power-transformer-installed-in-eastern-chch-suburbs-4042662">the original</a> on 4 March 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newstalk+ZB&rft.atitle=Power+transformer+to+be+installed+in+eastern+Chch+suburbs&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvnz.co.nz%2F%2Fnational-news%2Fpower-transformer-installed-in-eastern-chch-suburbs-4042662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://archive.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%2520Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-housing/quickstats-housing-tables.xlsx">"2013 Census QuickStats about housing – data tables"</a>. Statistics New Zealand. 18 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129053929/http://archive.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%2520Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-housing/quickstats-housing-tables.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Census+QuickStats+about+housing+%E2%80%93+data+tables&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.stats.govt.nz%2F~%2Fmedia%2FStatistics%2FCensus%2F2013%2520Census%2Fprofile-and-summary-reports%2Fquickstats-about-housing%2Fquickstats-housing-tables.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, A. 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Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Telecommunications+%E2%80%93+Telephones%2C+1877%E2%80%931914&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=A.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Ftelecommunications%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1929/09/16/4">"Cut Over To Automatic Telephones"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. 16 September 1929. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630091237/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1929/09/16/4">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Cut+Over+To+Automatic+Telephones&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1929-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2Fpress%2F1929%2F09%2F16%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1976/11/17/2">"Toll dialling on Saturday"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. 17 November 1976. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904060512/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1976/11/17/2">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Toll+dialling+on+Saturday&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1976-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2Fpress%2F1976%2F11%2F17%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1989/08/07/32">"Seven-digit phone numbers by 1992"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. 7 August 1989. p. 32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904060519/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1989/08/07/32">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Seven-digit+phone+numbers+by+1992&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1989-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2Fpress%2F1989%2F08%2F07%2F32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1988/09/05/6">"Mobile phone in use"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Press">The Press</a>. 5 September 1988. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630091236/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1988/09/05/6">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Mobile+phone+in+use&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1988-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2Fpress%2F1988%2F09%2F05%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.crowninfrastructure.govt.nz/fibre/when-and-where/">"When and Where"</a>. Crown Infrastructure Partners. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630091235/https://www.crowninfrastructure.govt.nz/fibre/when-and-where/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crown+Infrastructure+Partners&rft.atitle=When+and+Where&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crowninfrastructure.govt.nz%2Ffibre%2Fwhen-and-where%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126000658/http://newspaper.abc.org.nz//audit.html?mode%3Dembargo%26npa_admin%3D1%26org%3Dnpa%26show%3Dlistpubs%26letter%3D">"ABC 2021 Audit"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://newspaper.abc.org.nz//audit.html?mode%3Dembargo%26npa_admin%3D1%26org%3Dnpa%26show%3Dlistpubs%26letter%3D">the original</a> on 26 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC+2021+Audit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewspaper.abc.org.nz%2F%2Faudit.html%3Fmode%3Dembargo%26npa_admin%3D1%26org%3Dnpa%26show%3Dlistpubs%26letter%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press">"The Press"</a>. paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513102042/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz&rft.atitle=The+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2Fpress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-paperspast-358"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paperspast_358-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/star-christchurch">"The Star"</a>. Papers Past. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Library_of_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Library of New Zealand">National Library of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627174800/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/star-christchurch">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Papers+Past&rft.atitle=The+Star&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2Fstar-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-stuff-359"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-stuff_359-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2013" class="citation news cs1">Wood, Alan (18 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/8567388/Christchurch-Star-sold-to-Mainland-Media">"Christchurch Star sold to Mainland Media"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuff_(website)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411023024/http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/8567388/Christchurch-Star-sold-to-Mainland-Media">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Christchurch+Star+sold+to+Mainland+Media&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fbusiness%2F8567388%2FChristchurch-Star-sold-to-Mainland-Media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rba.co.nz/surveys-research">"Surveys & Research"</a>. Radio Broadcasters Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904060518/https://www.rba.co.nz/surveys-research">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Broadcasters+Association&rft.atitle=Surveys+%26+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rba.co.nz%2Fsurveys-research&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunleavy2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Dunleavy, Trisha (22 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diagram/45673/new-zealand-television-timeline">"Television – History of television in New Zealand"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Television+%E2%80%93+History+of+television+in+New+Zealand&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Dunleavy&rft.aufirst=Trisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.TeAra.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fdiagram%2F45673%2Fnew-zealand-television-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-sisters-362">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sisters_362-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sisters_362-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ccc.govt.nz/the-council/civic-and-international-relations/sister-cities-programme">"Sister Cities Programme"</a>. ccc.govt.nz. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702092238/https://ccc.govt.nz/the-council/civic-and-international-relations/sister-cities-programme">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ccc.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities+Programme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Fthe-council%2Fcivic-and-international-relations%2Fsister-cities-programme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christchurch&action=edit&section=55&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christchurch,_New_Zealand" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Christchurch, New Zealand">Christchurch</a>. </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Christchurch%23Q79990" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Christchurch">Christchurch</a>. </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" 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href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a> article about <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica/Christchurch_(New_Zealand)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Christchurch (New Zealand)">Christchurch</a>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccc.govt.nz/">Christchurch City Council</a> – official council website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.christchurchnz.com/">Ōtautahi Christchurch</a> – official website of the Christchurch City Council economic development agency, includes a tourism guide and visitor information</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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<div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%25C4%25ABstcirice" title="Crīstcirice – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Crīstcirice" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4" title="كرايستشرش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرايستشرش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krayst%25C3%25A7er%25C3%25A7" title="Kraystçerç – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kraystçerç" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259A" title="ক্রাইস্টচার্চ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রাইস্টচার্চ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчерч – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Крайстчерч" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчэрч – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крайстчэрч" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A" title="क्राइस्टचर्च – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्राइस्टचर्च" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D1%258A%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчърч – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Крайстчърч" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch,_Seland_Newydd" title="Christchurch, Seland Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Christchurch, Seland Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4" title="كرايستشورتش – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كرايستشورتش" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CF%2581%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CF%2583%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CF%2584%25CF%2582" title="Κράιστσερτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κράιστσερτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristkirko" title="Kristkirko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristkirko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25E2%2580%258C%25DA%2586%25D8%25B1%25DA%2586" title="کرایست‌چرچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرایست‌چرچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Nij-Seel%25C3%25A2n)" title="Christchurch (Nij-Seelân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Christchurch (Nij-Seelân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch,_Sealainn_Nuadh" title="Christchurch, Sealainn Nuadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Christchurch, Sealainn Nuadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%2587%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%259F%25E0%25AA%259A%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%259A" title="ક્રાઇસ્ટચર્ચ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ક્રાઇસ્ટચર્ચ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2581%25AC%25EB%259D%25BC%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%258A%25A4%25ED%258A%25B8%25EC%25B2%2598%25EC%25B9%2598" title="크라이스트처치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크라이스트처치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakakeki" title="Kalakakeki – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kalakakeki" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2594%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B9%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25B9" title="Քրայսթչերչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրայսթչերչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A" title="क्राइस्टचर्च – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्राइस्टचर्च" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D1%2591%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчёрч – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Крайстчёрч" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259B%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%25A6%2527%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A5%2527" title="כרייסטצ'רץ' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרייסטצ'רץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2598" title="კრაისტჩერჩი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრაისტჩერჩი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopolis" title="Christopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraist%25C4%258D%25C4%2593r%25C4%258Da" title="Kraistčērča – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kraistčērča" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraist%25C4%258Der%25C4%258Das" title="Kraistčerčas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kraistčerčas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крајстчерч – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крајстчерч" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B5%2588%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E2%2580%258C%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B5%258D%25E2%2580%258D" title="ക്രൈസ്റ്റ്‌ചർച്ച്‍ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രൈസ്റ്റ്‌ചർച്ച്‍" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%258Ctautahi" title="Ōtautahi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ōtautahi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A" title="क्राइस्टचर्च – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्राइस्टचर्च" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2598" title="კრაისტჩერჩი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კრაისტჩერჩი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4" title="كرايستشيرش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كرايستشيرش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%25B7" title="ခရစ်ချပ်ချ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရစ်ချပ်ချ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaisijeji" title="Karaisijeji – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Karaisijeji" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Nieuw-Zeeland)" title="Christchurch (Nieuw-Zeeland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christchurch (Nieuw-Zeeland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%2581%25E3%2583%25A3%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%2581" title="クライストチャーチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クライストチャーチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчерч – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Крайстчерч" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Nei-Sialun)" title="Christchurch (Nei-Sialun) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Christchurch (Nei-Sialun)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krestcherch" title="Krestcherch – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Krestcherch" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%258Ctautahi" title="Ōtautahi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ōtautahi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraystcherch" title="Kraystcherch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kraystcherch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B3%25D9%25B9_%25DA%2586%25D8%25B1%25DA%2586" title="کرائسٹ چرچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرائسٹ چرچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraisjej" title="Kraisjej – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kraisjej" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчерч – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Крайстчерч" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчерч – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крайстчерч" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BD_%25DA%2586%25D8%25B1%25DA%2586" title="ڪرائسٽ چرچ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرائسٽ چرچ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Nowo_Zylandyjo)" title="Christchurch (Nowo Zylandyjo) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Christchurch (Nowo Zylandyjo)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крајстчерч – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крајстчерч" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%25B8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கிறைஸ்ட்சேர்ச் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறைஸ்ட்சேர்ச்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчерч – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Крайстчерч" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%258A" title="ไครสต์เชิร์ช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไครสต์เชิร์ช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolokakala" title="Kolokakala – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kolokakala" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчерч – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Крайстчерч" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2587" title="Крайстчерч – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крайстчерч" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B3%25D9%25B9_%25DA%2586%25D8%25B1%25DA%2586" title="کرائسٹ چرچ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرائسٹ چرچ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Nula-Sele%25C3%25A4ns)" title="Christchurch (Nula-Seleäns) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Christchurch (Nula-Seleäns)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%258B%25E8%25B5%2596%25E6%2596%25AF%25E7%2589%25B9%25E5%25BD%25BB%25E5%25A5%2587" title="克赖斯特彻奇 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克赖斯特彻奇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E5%259F%258E" title="基督城 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基督城" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E5%259F%258E" title="基督城 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基督城" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 26 February 2025, at 03:24 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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