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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Manazir Ahsan Gilani</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1892<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Asthawan" title="Asthawan">Asthawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Now in <a href="/wiki/Nalanda_district" title="Nalanda district">Nalanda district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 June 1956<span style="display:none">(1956-06-05)</span> (aged 63)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilani,_Nalanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilani, Nalanda (page does not exist)">Gilani, Nalanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu Literature">Urdu Literature</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Sawanih-e-Abu Dharr Ghifari, Sawanih-e-Qasmi, Tadwin-e-Hadith, Muqaddama Tadwin-e-Fiqh, Imam <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a> Ki Siyasi Zindagi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullah" title="Muhammad Hamidullah">Muhammad Hamidullah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Manazir Ahsan Gilani</b> (1 October 1892 – 5 June 1956) was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and former Dean of the Faculty of Theology at <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a>. Some of his notable works include <i>Tadwin-e-Hadith</i>, <i>Muqaddama Tadwin-e-Fiqh</i>, <i>Sawanih-e-Abu Dharr Ghifari</i>, and <i>Sawanih-e-Qasmi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ilmgate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilmgate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullah" title="Muhammad Hamidullah">Muhammad Hamidullah</a>, a historian and hadith researcher, was among his students.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth_and_education">Birth and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Birth and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manazir Ahsan Gilani was born on the 9th of Rabiul Awwal 1310 H (1 October 1892) in <a href="/wiki/Asthawan" title="Asthawan">Asthawan</a>, a small village in <a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(now <a href="/wiki/Nalanda_district" title="Nalanda district">Nalanda district</a>)</span> of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>. His father’s name was Abul Khair Gilani. Their Arab descendants reached the Indian subcontinent about three centuries ago via Iran and finally settled in a village which came to be known as Gilani (based on surname of their ancestors). <sup id="cite_ref-Zafeer1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zafeer1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His elementary education was at home and then he stayed in <a href="/wiki/Tonk,_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonk, Rajasthan">Tonk, Rajasthan</a> for six years studying with Hakeem Barakaat Ahmad. Thereafter, he was admitted in Darul Uloom Deoband (1912). His other teachers at Darul Uloom Deoband include: Maulana Shabir Ahmad Usmani, Mufti Azizur Rahman Usmani, Maulana Habibur Rahman Usmani and Maulana Syed Ashghar Hussain Deobandi. At <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a> he studied <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Jami%60_at-Tirmidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jami` at-Tirmidhi">Jami` at-Tirmidhi</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> and also accepted him as his spiritual mentor.<sup id="cite_ref-ilmgate_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilmgate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawud">Sunan Abu Dawud</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asghar_Hussain_Deobandi" title="Asghar Hussain Deobandi">Asghar Hussain Deobandi</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sunan_al-Sughra" title="Al-Sunan al-Sughra">Sunan an-Nasa'i</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussain Ahmad Madani">Hussain Ahmad Madani</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Majah" title="Ibn Majah">Ibn Majah</a></i> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghulam_Rasool_Hazarwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghulam Rasool Hazarwi (page does not exist)">Ghulam Rasool Hazarwi</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta Imam Malik</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Azizur_Rahman_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Azizur Rahman Usmani">Azizur Rahman Usmani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gilani was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Theology in <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a>, remaining there for 25 years.<sup id="cite_ref-postcolonial_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postcolonial-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His students included <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullah" title="Muhammad Hamidullah">Muhammad Hamidullah</a> and Ghulam Muhammad Rabbani.<sup id="cite_ref-khutbaat_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khutbaat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, he retired from Osmania University and returned to his homeland of Gilani, where he devoted most of his time to writing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_works">Literary works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literary works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gilani’s books include:<sup id="cite_ref-Zafeer_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zafeer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>An-Nabiul khaatim</i> (The Last Prophet)</li> <li><i>Sawanih-e-Abu Dharr Ghifari</i> (Biography of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dharr_Ghifari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Dharr Ghifari">Abu Dharr Ghifari</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imam_Abu_Hanifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Abu Hanifa">Imam Abu Hanifa</a> ki Siasi Zindagi</i> (Political life of Imam Abu Hanifa)</li> <li><i>Tadhkira-e-hadhrat Shah Wali Allah</i> (Remembrance of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Wali_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Wali Allah">Shah Wali Allah</a>)</li> <li><i>Savanih-e-Qasmi</i> - Biography of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pak wa Hind mein musalmanon ka nizam-e ta'leem wa tarbiat</i> (System of Education and Edification of Muslims in India)</li> <li><i>Islami ma'ashiyyat</i> (Islamic Economics)</li> <li><i>Tadween-e-Hadith</i> (Compilation of Hadith)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:Kaleem_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Kaleem-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ad-deenul qayyim</i> (Established Perfect System)</li> <li><i>Tadween-e-Qur'an</i> (Compilation of Quran)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mugaddima-e tadween-e-fiqh</i> (Compilation of Fiqh)</li> <li><i>Maqaalaat-e-Ahsani</i> (Sayings of Ahsan)</li> <li><i>Tadhkeer bi Surat Al-Kahf</i> (Mention of Sura al-Kahaf)</li> <li><i>Musalmano ki Firqabandion ka Afsanaa</i> (Tale of Sectarianism among Muslims)</li> <li><i>Sulooq-o-Aadaab</i> (Behaviour and Manners)</li> <li><i>Islam aur Hindu mazhab ki baaz mushtarik ta’leemaat</i> (Some Common Teachings of Islam and Hinduism)</li> <li><i>Arz-e-Ahsan</i> (Excellent Presentation)</li> <li><i>Agosh mouj ka aik dar tabinda ya Islami Hind ke toofani ahad mein Khuda ka aik wafadar bandah</i></li> <li><i>Duniya ke do bhai aur deen ke do bhai</i> (Two Brothers of the Duniya and Two Brothers of the Deen)</li> <li><i>Dajjaali fitne ke numaya khadd-o-khaal</i> (Salient Features of Dajjal’s Fitna), translated into Arabic by <a href="/wiki/Arif_Jameel_Mubarakpuri" title="Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri">Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri</a> under the title <i>Al Fitna-tud-Dajjāliyyah wa Malāmihuha al-bārizah wa Ishārātuha Fī Sūrati al-Kahf</i><sup id="cite_ref-Azami_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azami-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PhD_thesis_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhD_thesis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dā'ī2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dā'ī2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ihata-e Daar al-‘Uloom mein bite hue din"</i> (Days Spent in the Premises of Dar-al-‘Uloom)</li> <li><i>Hazar(1000) saal pehley</i><sup id="cite_ref-ameen_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ameen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Thousand (1000) Year Earlier)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gilani suffered from heart problems from 9th November, 1953. After a second heart attack in March 1954, he was shifted to Patna Hospital and was being treated by Ahmad Abdul Hayy. Gilani was prohibited from writing and reading. He died on 5 June 1956 at his native place Gilani, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>. His funeral prayer was led by Faseeh Ahmad Asthanwi.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1st and 2nd of December 2018, the Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi organised a two-day national conference at the A.N. Sinha Institute of Social Studies, <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a>, on “The Life and Contributions of Maulana Manazir Ahsan Gilani”.<sup id="cite_ref-ios_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ios-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gilani is often referred by the Islamic scholars as: Muhaqqiq-e-Islam (the researcher of Islam), Sultanul Qalam (King of the Pen), Mutakallim-e-Millat (The Philosopher of the Nation).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abu_Salman_Shahjahanpuri" title="Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri">Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri</a> wrote <i>Maulana Syed Manazir Ahsan Gilani : Shakhsiyat Aur Sawaneh</i> (Manazir Ahsan Gilani: Personality and Biography).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr_Fahim_Akhtar_Nadwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr Fahim Akhtar Nadwi (page does not exist)">Dr Fahim Akhtar Nadwi</a> wrote " Maulana Manazir Ahsan Gilani : Hayat, Khidmaat aur Ifkar" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi school of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_writers" title="List of Indian writers">List of Indian writers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ilmgate-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ilmgate_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilmgate_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilmgate.org/biography-manazir-ahsan-gilani/">"The Distinguished Researcher and Litterateur: Mawlānā Manāzir Ahsan Gīlāni"</a>. <i>IlmGate.org</i>. 27 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IlmGate.org&rft.atitle=The+Distinguished+Researcher+and+Litterateur%3A+Mawl%C4%81n%C4%81+Man%C4%81zir+Ahsan+G%C4%ABl%C4%81ni&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmgate.org%2Fbiography-manazir-ahsan-gilani%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQasmi" class="citation web cs1">Qasmi, Dr Muhammadullah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37941871">"Maulāna Manāẓir Aḥsan Gīlāni: His Early Life at Deoband as Student, Editor and Teacher"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maul%C4%81na+Man%C4%81%E1%BA%93ir+A%E1%B8%A5san+G%C4%ABl%C4%81ni%3A+His+Early+Life+at+Deoband+as+Student%2C+Editor+and+Teacher&rft.aulast=Qasmi&rft.aufirst=Dr+Muhammadullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37941871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zafeer1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zafeer1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiftahi1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zafeeruddin_Miftahi" title="Zafeeruddin Miftahi">Miftahi, Zafeeruddin</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/hayat-e-maulana-geelani-ebooks"><i>Hayāt-e-Maulāna Gilāni</i></a> [<i>Life of Maulana Gilani</i>] (in Urdu) (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Banaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaras">Banaras</a>: Maulana Yousuf Academy. pp. 24–30, 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hay%C4%81t-e-Maul%C4%81na+Gil%C4%81ni&rft.place=Banaras&rft.pages=24-30%2C+38&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Maulana+Yousuf+Academy&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Miftahi&rft.aufirst=Zafeeruddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rekhta.org%2Febooks%2Fhayat-e-maulana-geelani-ebooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQasmi2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Qasmi, Farooq Azam (2020). <i>Manāzir-e-Gīlani</i> (in Urdu) (2 ed.). New Delhi: Markazi Publications. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%C4%81zir-e-G%C4%ABlani&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=39&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Markazi+Publications&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Qasmi&rft.aufirst=Farooq+Azam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-postcolonial-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-postcolonial_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrakashMenonLaffan2018" class="citation book cs1">Prakash, Gyan; Menon, Nikhil; Laffan, Michael (22 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eLFLDwAAQBAJ&q=hamidullah+manazir+ahsan+gilani&pg=PA248"><i>The Postcolonial Moment in South and Southeast Asia</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MANUU+Library+System&rft.atitle=Maulana+Syed+Manazir+Ahsan+Gilani+%3A+Shakhsiyat+Aur+Sawaneh+%2F+Abu+Salman+Shahjahanpuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.manuu.edu.in%2Fcgi-bin%2Fkoha%2Fopac-detail.pl%3Fbiblionumber%3D40149%26shelfbrowse_itemnumber%3D62733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/441746">Contribution of Manazir Ahsan Gilani to Islamic Economic Thought</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/muwo.12185">Comparative Study of Hinduism and Islam: Gīlānī's Approach</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathore2009" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rathore, Amanullah (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/8769"><i>The role of Maulana Syed Manazir Ahsan Gilani in the formation of modern Islamic sciences is a research and analytical study</i></a> (PhD) (in Urdu). Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+role+of+Maulana+Syed+Manazir+Ahsan+Gilani+in+the+formation+of+modern+Islamic+sciences+is+a+research+and+analytical+study&rft.inst=University+of+the+Punjab&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Rathore&rft.aufirst=Amanullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprr.hec.gov.pk%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F8769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaif2015" class="citation journal cs1">Saif, Mashal (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26393676">"The Subject of Education and Edification: Manāẓir Aḥsan Gīlānī's Proposal for a Unified System of Muslim Education in British India"</a>. <i>Islamic Studies</i>. <b>54</b> (3/4): 169–184. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26393676">26393676</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Subject+of+Education+and+Edification%3A+Man%C4%81%E1%BA%93ir+A%E1%B8%A5san+G%C4%ABl%C4%81n%C4%AB%27s+Proposal+for+a+Unified+System+of+Muslim+Education+in+British+India&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=169-184&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26393676%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Saif&rft.aufirst=Mashal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26393676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarooq_Azam_Qāsmi" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Farooq Azam Qāsmi (ed.). <i>Manāzir-e-Gilāni</i> (in Urdu) (2nd, November 2018 ed.). New Delhi: Abjad Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%C4%81zir-e-Gil%C4%81ni&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=2nd%2C+November+2018&rft.pub=Abjad+Publishers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Abbas2018" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Muhammad Abbas, Souaad (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/9510"><i>Maulana Manazar Ahsan Gilani Ka Munhij Taqabal Adiyaan Aur Nukta Nigah</i></a> (PhD) (in Urdu). Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Modern_Languages" title="National University of Modern Languages">National University of Modern Languages</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Maulana+Manazar+Ahsan+Gilani+Ka+Munhij+Taqabal+Adiyaan+Aur+Nukta+Nigah&rft.inst=National+University+of+Modern+Languages&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Muhammad+Abbas&rft.aufirst=Souaad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprr.hec.gov.pk%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F9510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlam" class="citation web cs1">Alam, Arooj. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/45166134">"Time and Temporality in Quran's "Ashab al-Kahf": An inquiry of modern Tafsir in South Asia through Manazir Ahsan Gilani's interpretation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Time+and+Temporality+in+Quran%27s+%26quot%3BAshab+al-Kahf%26quot%3B%3A+An+inquiry+of+modern+Tafsir+in+South+Asia+through+Manazir+Ahsan+Gilani%27s+interpretation&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Arooj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F45166134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlamAsim2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alam, Zahoor; Asim, Hafiz Muhammad (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-azhaar.org/index.php/alazhar/article/view/351">"Services of Manazir Ahsan Gilani about thecollection of holy Quran"</a>. <i>Al-Azhār</i> (in Urdu). <b>8</b> (1): 154–168. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.46896%2Falazhr.v8i01.351">10.46896/alazhr.v8i01.351</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2519-6707">2519-6707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Azh%C4%81r&rft.atitle=Services+of+Manazir+Ahsan+Gilani+about+thecollection+of+holy+Quran&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=154-168&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.46896%2Falazhr.v8i01.351&rft.issn=2519-6707&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Zahoor&rft.au=Asim%2C+Hafiz+Muhammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-azhaar.org%2Findex.php%2Falazhar%2Farticle%2Fview%2F351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiftahi1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zafeeruddin_Miftahi" title="Zafeeruddin Miftahi">Miftahi, Zafeeruddin</a> (1994). <i>Hayāt-e-Maulāna Gilāni [Life of Maulana Gilani]</i> (in Urdu) (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>: Majlis-e-Nashriyyāt-e-Islām.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hay%C4%81t-e-Maul%C4%81na+Gil%C4%81ni+%5BLife+of+Maulana+Gilani%5D&rft.place=Lucknow&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Majlis-e-Nashriyy%C4%81t-e-Isl%C4%81m&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Miftahi&rft.aufirst=Zafeeruddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGīlānīYounas2008" class="citation journal cs1">Gīlānī, Maulānā Sayyid Manāẓir Aḥsan; Younas, Madiha (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20839131">"Outlines of a Unified Educational System for Muslims"</a>. <i>Islamic Studies</i>. <b>47</b> (3): 367–378. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20839131">20839131</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=Outlines+of+a+Unified+Educational+System+for+Muslims&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=367-378&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20839131%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=G%C4%ABl%C4%81n%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Maul%C4%81n%C4%81+Sayyid+Man%C4%81%E1%BA%93ir+A%E1%B8%A5san&rft.au=Younas%2C+Madiha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20839131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManazir+Ahsan+Gilani" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6747165#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6747165#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6747165#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084306656">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/199639923">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/111953/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgxq8WpPhdP4YtMxt7bVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1017102546">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83057498">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16944215x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16944215x">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15263025?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/21px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/42px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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