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<li id="toc-Crimea_within_the_Russian_SFSR_(1921–1954)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimea_within_the_Russian_SFSR_(1921–1954)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Crimea within the Russian SFSR (1921–1954)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimea_within_the_Russian_SFSR_(1921–1954)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crimean_ASSR_(1921–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimean_ASSR_(1921–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Crimean ASSR (1921–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimean_ASSR_(1921–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimean_Oblast_(1945–1954)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimean_Oblast_(1945–1954)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Crimean Oblast (1945–1954)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimean_Oblast_(1945–1954)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimea_within_the_Ukrainian_SSR_(1954–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimea_within_the_Ukrainian_SSR_(1954–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Crimea within the Ukrainian SSR (1954–1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimea_within_the_Ukrainian_SSR_(1954–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crimean_Oblast_(1954–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimean_Oblast_(1954–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Crimean Oblast (1954–1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimean_Oblast_(1954–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimean_ASSR_(1991–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimean_ASSR_(1991–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Crimean ASSR (1991–1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimean_ASSR_(1991–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heads_of_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heads_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Heads of state</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Heads_of_state-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Heads of state subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Heads_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_SFSR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_SFSR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Russian SFSR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_SFSR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_SSR/Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_SSR/Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ukrainian SSR/Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_SSR/Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heads_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heads_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Heads of government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Heads_of_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Heads of government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Heads_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chairmen_of_Revkom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairmen_of_Revkom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Chairmen of <i>Revkom</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairmen_of_Revkom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_of_People's_Commissars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_of_People's_Commissars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Council of People's Commissars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_of_People's_Commissars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_of_Ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_of_Ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Council of Ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_of_Ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_chekists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_chekists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Principal chekists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_chekists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crimea in the Soviet Union</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%B1m_Muxtar_Sovet_Sosialist_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Krım Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Krım Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Крымская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крымская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кримска автономна съветска социалистическа република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кримска автономна съветска социалистическа република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSSE_Krimea" title="RSSE Krimea – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="RSSE Krimea" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymsk%C3%A1_autonomn%C3%AD_sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%A1_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Krymská autonomní sovětská socialistická republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krymská autonomní sovětská socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonome_Sozialistische_Sowjetrepublik_der_Krim" title="Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik der Krim – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik der Krim" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimmi_ANSV" title="Krimmi ANSV – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Krimmi ANSV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Aut%C3%B3noma_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Crimea" title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Crimea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Crimea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimea_ASSR" title="Krimea ASSR – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Krimea ASSR" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_sovi%C3%A9tique_autonome_de_Crim%C3%A9e" title="République socialiste soviétique autonome de Crimée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République socialiste soviétique autonome de Crimée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98_%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%97%90%ED%8A%B8_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="크림 자치 소비에트 사회주의 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크림 자치 소비에트 사회주의 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimska_Autonomna_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Krimska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krimska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Otonomi_Krimea" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Otonomi Krimea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Otonomi Krimea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Socialista_Sovietica_Autonoma_di_Crimea" title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Autonoma di Crimea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Autonoma di Crimea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ყირიმის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყირიმის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қырым Автономиялық Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырым Автономиялық Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimas_Autonom%C4%81_Padomju_Soci%C4%81listisk%C4%81_Republika" title="Krimas Autonomā Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krimas Autonomā Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymo_Autonomin%C4%97_Taryb%C5%B3_Socialistin%C4%97_Respublika" title="Krymo Autonominė Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krymo Autonominė Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%ADmi_Auton%C3%B3m_Szovjet_Szocialista_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Krími Autonóm Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Krími Autonóm Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кримска Автономна Советска Социјалистичка Република – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кримска Автономна Советска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimse_Autonome_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Krimse Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krimse Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="クリミア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリミア自治ソビエト社会主義共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="ГӀирман Автономин Советийн Социалистийн Республика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀирман Автономин Советийн Социалистийн Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_autonome_sosialistiske_sovjetrepublikken_Krim" title="Den autonome sosialistiske sovjetrepublikken Krim – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den autonome sosialistiske sovjetrepublikken Krim" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrim_Avtonom_Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikasi" title="Qrim Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qrim Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="کریمیائی خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کریمیائی خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymska_Autonomiczna_Socjalistyczna_Republika_Radziecka" title="Krymska Autonomiczna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krymska Autonomiczna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Aut%C3%B4noma_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_da_Crimeia" title="República Autônoma Socialista Soviética da Crimeia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Autônoma Socialista Soviética da Crimeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Muhtar_%C5%9Euralar_Sotsialistik_Cumhuriyeti" title="Qırım Muhtar Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qırım Muhtar Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Autonom%C4%83_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Crimeea" title="Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Crimeea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Crimeea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Крымская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крымская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymsk%C3%A1_auton%C3%B3mna_sovietska_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Krymská autonómna sovietska socialistická republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krymská autonómna sovietska socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кримска Аутономна Совјетска Социјалистичка Република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кримска Аутономна Совјетска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimska_Autonomna_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Krimska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krimska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimin_autonominen_sosialistinen_neuvostotasavalta" title="Krimin autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Krimin autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonoma_socialistiska_sovjetrepubliken_Krim" title="Autonoma socialistiska sovjetrepubliken Krim – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Autonoma socialistiska sovjetrepubliken Krim" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagsasariling_Sosyalistikong_Republikang_Soviet_ng_Crimea" title="Nagsasariling Sosyalistikong Republikang Soviet ng Crimea – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nagsasariling Sosyalistikong Republikang Soviet ng Crimea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Кырым Автономияле Совет Социалистик Җөмһүрияте – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кырым Автономияле Совет Социалистик Җөмһүрияте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_%C3%96zerk_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kırım Özerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kırım Özerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кримська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кримська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="کریمیائی خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریمیائی خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_X%C3%B4_vi%E1%BA%BFt_t%E1%BB%B1_tr%E1%BB%8B_Krym" title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết tự trị Krym – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết tự trị Krym" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="克里米亞蘇維埃社會主義自治共和國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克里米亞蘇維埃社會主義自治共和國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q139671#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1921–1936)</span></span><br />Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic <span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1936–1945)</span></span><br />Crimean Oblast<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1945–1991)</span></span><br />Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic <span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1991–1992)</span></span><div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru" style="font-style: normal;">Крымская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Crimean Tatar-language text"><span lang="crh" style="font-style: normal;">Къырым Мухтар Совет Социалист Джумхуриети</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk" style="font-style: normal;">Кримська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics">ASSR</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1921–45)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Oblasts of the Soviet Union">Oblast</a> of the Russian SFSR <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1945–54)</span><br />and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1954–91)</span><br />ASSR of Ukrainian SSR <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1991)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_(1938).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Crimea in the Soviet Union"><img alt="Flag of Crimea in the Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_%281938%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_%281938%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_%281938%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_%281938%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_%281938%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_%281938%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Crimea" title="Flag of Crimea">Flag</a><br />(1938–1945)</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Crimean_ASSR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem (1938–1945) of Crimea in the Soviet Union"><img alt="Emblem (1938–1945) of Crimea in the Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Coat_of_arms_of_Crimean_ASSR.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Crimean_ASSR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Coat_of_arms_of_Crimean_ASSR.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Crimean_ASSR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Coat_of_arms_of_Crimean_ASSR.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Crimean_ASSR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="884" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Crimean_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the Crimean ASSR">Emblem</a><br />(1938–1945)</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Subdivisions_of_Crimean_ASSR_1938.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Subdivisions_of_Crimean_ASSR_1938.png/220px-Subdivisions_of_Crimean_ASSR_1938.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Subdivisions_of_Crimean_ASSR_1938.png/330px-Subdivisions_of_Crimean_ASSR_1938.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Subdivisions_of_Crimean_ASSR_1938.png/440px-Subdivisions_of_Crimean_ASSR_1938.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="415" /></a></span><br /><i>Raions</i> with national status, as of 1938; Crimean Tatar regions in light blue, Russian in pink, Jewish in indigo, German in orange, Ukrainian in yellow</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Simferopol</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics"><span class="nowrap">Autonomous Soviet</span><br />Socialist Republic</a> <span class="nowrap">(1921–45; 1991–92)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Oblasts of the Soviet Union">Oblast</a> (1945–91)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_the_Crimea" title="Evacuation of the Crimea">Evacuation of the Crimea</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13–16 November 1920</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ASSR established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">18 October 1921</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap">Reformed into oblast</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 June 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union">Transferred</a> to Ukraine</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">19 February 1954</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Autonomy regained </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">12 February 1991</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">26 December 1991</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Renamed "Republic of Crimea" </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 May 1992</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Russia" title="Government of South Russia"><b>1920</b>:<br />South Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Crimea_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Crimea during World War II"><b>1943</b>:<br />Generalbezirk Krym-Taurien</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Crimea_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Crimea during World War II"><b>1942</b>:<br />Generalbezirk Krym-Taurien</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><b>1991:</b><br />Ukraine</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Republic of Crimea</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">de facto</a></i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_sovereignty_over_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian sovereignty over Crimea">de jure</a></i>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Several different governments controlled the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Peninsula">Crimean Peninsula</a> during the period of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, from the 1920s to 1991. The government of Crimea from 1921 to 1936 was the <b>Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics">Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a> (SFSR); the name was altered slightly to the <b>Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1936 to 1945. </p><p>Due to alleged collaboration of <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">all Crimean Tatars were deported</a> by the Soviet regime in 1944 and the peninsula was resettled with other peoples, mainly Russians and Ukrainians, leaving the autonomous republic without its <a href="/wiki/Titular_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular nationality">titular nationality</a>. It was thus downgraded to an <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Oblasts of the Soviet Union">oblast</a> within the Russian SFSR on 30 June 1945. The oblast was <a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">transferred to the Ukrainian SSR</a> in 1954. Following a <a href="/wiki/1991_Crimean_sovereignty_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Crimean sovereignty referendum">state-sanctioned referendum</a> in 1991, it became again <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">an autonomous republic</a>, within the Ukrainian SSR, and then within independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile plainlist" style="width:18;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Crimean_Tatars" title="Category:Crimean Tatars">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_(blue_and_gold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Tamga" symbol of the Crimean Tatar Gerae family"><img alt=""Tamga" symbol of the Crimean Tatar Gerae family" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/70px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/105px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg/140px-Crimean_Tatar_tamga_icon_%28blue_and_gold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">By region or country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:none;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_in_Bulgaria" title="Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Turkey" title="Crimean Tatars in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine#Islam" title="Religion in Ukraine">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:none;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">None</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>)</small></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Language</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:none;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar" title="Dobrujan Tatar">Dobrujan Tatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_alphabet" title="Dobrujan Tatar alphabet">alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_dialects" title="Crimean Tatar dialects">Dialects</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Culture</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:none;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_literature" title="Crimean Tatar literature">Literature</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:none;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Khanate <span style="font-size:85%;">(1441–1783)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurida_Oblast" title="Taurida Oblast">Taurida Oblast <span style="font-size:85%;">(1783–1796)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurida_Governorate" title="Taurida Governorate">Taurida Governorate <span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1917)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">People's Republic <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917–1918)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Crimean ASSR <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921–1945)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">Sürgün <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">Crimean Oblast <span style="font-size:85%;">(1945–1991)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> People and groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:none;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crimean_Tatars" title="List of Crimean Tatars">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crimean_Tatar_people" title="Category:Crimean Tatar people">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crimean_khans" title="List of Crimean khans">Khans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milliy_Firqa" title="Milliy Firqa">Milliy Firqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Turkic-Muslim_Tatars_of_Romania" title="Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars of Romania">UDTTMR</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crimean_Tatars" title="Template:Crimean Tatars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crimean_Tatars" title="Template talk:Crimean Tatars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crimean_Tatars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crimean Tatars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimea_within_the_Russian_SFSR_(1921–1954)"><span id="Crimea_within_the_Russian_SFSR_.281921.E2.80.931954.29"></span>Crimea within the Russian SFSR (1921–1954)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crimea within the Russian SFSR (1921–1954)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crimean_ASSR_(1921–1945)"><span id="Crimean_ASSR_.281921.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Crimean ASSR (1921–1945)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crimean ASSR (1921–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1933_CPA_413_stamp_(Peoples_of_the_Soviet_Union._Crimean_Tatars).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_Soviet_Union_1933_CPA_413_stamp_%28Peoples_of_the_Soviet_Union._Crimean_Tatars%29.jpg/80px-The_Soviet_Union_1933_CPA_413_stamp_%28Peoples_of_the_Soviet_Union._Crimean_Tatars%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_Soviet_Union_1933_CPA_413_stamp_%28Peoples_of_the_Soviet_Union._Crimean_Tatars%29.jpg/120px-The_Soviet_Union_1933_CPA_413_stamp_%28Peoples_of_the_Soviet_Union._Crimean_Tatars%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_Soviet_Union_1933_CPA_413_stamp_%28Peoples_of_the_Soviet_Union._Crimean_Tatars%29.jpg/160px-The_Soviet_Union_1933_CPA_413_stamp_%28Peoples_of_the_Soviet_Union._Crimean_Tatars%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="322" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">"Tatars of the Crimea" (Татары Крыма), 1933</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B._%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B._%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/80px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B._%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B._%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/120px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B._%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B._%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/160px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B._%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">"Crimean Tatars" (Крымские татары), 1862</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Manipulation in naming</div></div></div></div> <p>On 18 October 1921, after a succesful military campaign by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_(Russian_Civil_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Front (Russian Civil War)">Southern Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_the_Crimea" title="Evacuation of the Crimea">evacuation</a> from Crimea in late 1920, the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was created within the Russian SFSR by the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>. It was renamed the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 5 December 1936 by the Eighth Extraordinary <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Soviets_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Soviets of the USSR">Congress of Soviets of the USSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were two attempts, both unsuccessful, to establish <a href="/wiki/Jewish_autonomy_in_Crimea" title="Jewish autonomy in Crimea">Jewish autonomy in Crimea</a>. The first attempt, conducted by the Soviet government with the support of the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Joint_Distribution_Committee" title="American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee</a>, ended in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish Autonomous Oblast</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birobidzhan" title="Birobidzhan">Birobidzhan</a>, as the Soviet government feared establishing it in Crimea would provoke antisemitic sentiments. The second attempt, by the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Anti-Fascist_Committee" title="Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee">Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee</a> between 1943 and 1944, led to the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Murdered_Poets" title="Night of the Murdered Poets">Night of the Murdered Poets</a> and heightened persecution of Jews as Stalin feared the establishment of a Jewish republic in Crimea with American support.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crimea was under <i>de facto</i> control of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> from September 1942 to October 1943, administratively incorporated into <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a></i></span> as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Crimea_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Crimea during World War II">Generalbezirk Krym-Taurien</a></i></span>. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Frauenfeld" title="Alfred Frauenfeld">Alfred Frauenfeld</a> was appointed as General Commissar (although it seems that Frauenfeld spent most of his time in Crimea researching the peninsula's <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Goths" title="Crimean Goths">Gothic heritage</a> and the actual government was in the hands of <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein" title="Erich von Manstein">Erich von Manstein</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, there was also widespread <a href="/wiki/Crimean_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Crimean resistance during World War II">resistance to the German occupation</a>. </p><p>In 1944, under the pretext<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of alleged collaboration of the Crimean Tatars with the Nazi occupation regime, the Soviet government <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">deported the Crimean Tatar people</a> from Crimea, according to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%9A%D0%9E_%E2%84%96_5859%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%82_11.05.44" class="extiw" title="s:ru:Постановление ГКО № 5859сс от 11.05.44">GKO Order No. 5859ss</a> of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actual collaboration in the military sense had been rather limited, with a recorded 9,225 Crimean Tatars serving in anti-Soviet <a href="/wiki/Tatar_Legions" title="Tatar Legions">Tatar Legions</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">German formed battalions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there was in fact a surprisingly high degree of co-operation between the occupation government and the local administration; this has been significantly due to Frauenfeld's unwillingness to implement the policy of brutality towards the local population pursued by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichskommissar</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Koch" title="Erich Koch">Erich Koch</a>, which led to a series of public conflict between the two men.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitutional rights of the forcibly-resettled Tatars were restored with a <a href="/wiki/Ukaz_493" title="Ukaz 493">decree</a> dated September 5, 1967, but they were not allowed to <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_repatriation" title="Crimean Tatar repatriation">return</a> until the last days of the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crimean_Oblast_(1945–1954)"><span id="Crimean_Oblast_.281945.E2.80.931954.29"></span>Crimean Oblast (1945–1954)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crimean Oblast (1945–1954)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Crimean ASSR was converted into the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">Crimean Oblast</a> of the Russian SFSR on June 30, 1945 by a <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%A3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_30.06.1945_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="extiw" title="s:ru:Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 30.06.1945 о преобразовании Крымской АССР в Крымскую область в составе РСФСР">decree</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> (published as a <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_25.06.1946_%D0%9E%D0%B1_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="s:ru:Закон РСФСР от 25.06.1946 Об упразднении Чечено-Ингушской АССР и о преобразовании Крымской АССР в Крымскую область">law</a> on June 25, 1946). It was stripped of its autonomous status as a result of the alleged crimes of <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90% of toponyms<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Renaming_of_Crimean_toponyms" title="Renaming of Crimean toponyms">were changed</a> in 1944–1949 from mostly Crimean Tatar to Russian.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimea_within_the_Ukrainian_SSR_(1954–1992)"><span id="Crimea_within_the_Ukrainian_SSR_.281954.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Crimea within the Ukrainian SSR (1954–1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Crimea within the Ukrainian SSR (1954–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union">Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crimean_Oblast_(1954–1991)"><span id="Crimean_Oblast_.281954.E2.80.931991.29"></span>Crimean Oblast (1954–1991)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crimean Oblast (1954–1991)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 February 1954, the oblast was <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union">transferred</a> from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR jurisdiction,<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the basis of "the integral character of the economy, the territorial proximity and the close economic and cultural ties between the Crimea Province and the Ukrainian SSR"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to commemorate the 300th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pereyaslav">Ukraine's union with Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">closed city</a> due to its importance as the port of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> and was attached to the Crimean Oblast only in 1978.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crimean_ASSR_(1991–1992)"><span id="Crimean_ASSR_.281991.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Crimean ASSR (1991–1992)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crimean ASSR (1991–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1991–1992)">Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1991–1992)</a></div> <p>On 12 February 1991, the status of Crimea Oblast was changed to that of autonomous republic, the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_ASSR_(1991-1992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean ASSR (1991-1992)">Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR">Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR</a> as the result of a state-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/1991_Crimean_sovereignty_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Crimean sovereignty referendum">referendum</a> held on 20 January 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4 months later, on June 19, appropriate changes were made to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With effect from 6 May 1992, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(1992-1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (1992-1995)">Republic of Crimea</a> within <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. On 21 September 1994 it was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a> by <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This name was used for Crimea (with the exception of the city of <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>) in the new Ukrainian Constitution of 1996. The status of Sevastopol, due to its strategic importance as the <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="Sevastopol Naval Base">main base</a> of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, remained disputed between Ukraine and Russia until 1997 when it was <a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">agreed</a> that it should be treated as a "<a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">city with special status</a>" within Ukraine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_1921.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_1921.png/350px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_1921.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_1921.png/525px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_1921.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_1921.png/700px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_1921.png 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption><i>Okrugs</i> and <i>raions</i> of the Crimean ASSR in May 1921 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></figcaption></figure> <p>With the establishment of the autonomous republic in 1921, Crimea was divided into seven <i><a href="/wiki/Okrug#Soviet_Union" title="Okrug">okrugs</a></i>, which in turn were divided into 20 <i><a href="/wiki/Raion#Raions_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Raion">raions</a></i>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzhankoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzhankoy">Dzhankoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Yevpatoriya">Yevpatoriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodosiya">Feodosiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta" title="Yalta">Yalta</a></li></ul> <p>In November 1923, the <i>okrugs</i> were abolished and 15 <i>raions</i> were created instead, but in 1924, five of these were abolished. On 30 October 1930, the remaining ten <i>raions</i> were reorganized into 16 new ones, and four cities under direct republican control. In 1935, 10 new <i>raions</i> were added and one abolished. In 1937, one more <i>raion</i> was established. The <i>raions</i> had national status as for Crimean Tatars, Russians, Jews, Germans and Ukrainians. By the beginning of World War II, all of these <i>raions</i> had lost their national status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heads_of_state">Heads of state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Heads of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_SFSR">Russian SFSR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Russian SFSR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Central Executive Committee</dt></dl> <ul><li>7 November 1921 – August 1924 <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gaven" title="Yuri Gaven">Yuri Gaven</a> (Janis Daumanis)</li> <li>August 1924 – 28 January 1928 <a href="/wiki/Veli_%C4%B0braimov" title="Veli İbraimov">Veli İbraimov</a></li> <li>28 January 1928 – 20 February 1931 <a href="/wiki/Memet_Qubayev" title="Memet Qubayev">Memet Qubayev</a></li> <li>20 February 1931 – 9 September 1937 <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lyas_Tarhan" title="İlyas Tarhan">İlyas Tarhan</a> (arrested on September 8, 1937)</li> <li>9 September 1937 – 21 July 1938 <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Menbariev" title="Abdul Menbariev">Abdulcelâl Menbariyev</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Supreme Soviet</dt></dl> <ul><li>21 July 1938 – 18 May 1944 Abdulcelâl Menbariyev (<a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">expelled from Crimea in 1944 with the rest of Crimean Tatars</a>)</li> <li>18 May 1944 – 30 June 1945 Nadezhda Sachyova (acting)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrainian_SSR/Ukraine"><span id="Ukrainian_SSR.2FUkraine"></span>Ukrainian SSR/Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ukrainian SSR/Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>22 March 1991 – 9 May 1994 <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Bahrov" title="Mykola Bahrov">Mykola Bahrov</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heads_of_government">Heads of government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Heads of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairmen_of_Revkom">Chairmen of <i>Revkom</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chairmen of Revkom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>16 November 1920 – 20 February 1921 <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun" title="Béla Kun">Béla Kun</a></li> <li>20 February 1921 – 7 November 1921 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Poliakov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Poliakov (page does not exist)">Mikhail Poliakov</a> (become the one of <a href="/wiki/NKVD_troika" title="NKVD troika">NKVD troika</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council_of_People's_Commissars"><span id="Council_of_People.27s_Commissars"></span>Council of People's Commissars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Council of People's Commissars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1925.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1925.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1925.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1955" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Crimean ASSR, 1925.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>11 November 1921 – 16 May 1924 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhib-Garey_Said-Galiyev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakhib-Garey Said-Galiyev (page does not exist)">Sakhib-Garey Said-Galiyev</a></li> <li>16 May 1924 – May 1924 I. Goncharov (acting)</li> <li>May 1924 – 21 March 1926 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Deren-Ayerly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Deren-Ayerly (page does not exist)">Osman Deren-Ayerly</a></li> <li>21 March 1926 – May 1929 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emir_Shugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emir Shugu (page does not exist)">Emir Shugu</a></li> <li>May 1929 – 16 September 1937 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abduraim_Samedinov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abduraim Samedinov (page does not exist)">Abduraim Samedinov</a> (arrested September 17, 1937)</li> <li>1937 – 5 April 1942 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memet_Ibraimov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memet Ibraimov (page does not exist)">Memet Ibraimov</a></li> <li>5 April 1942 – 18 May 1944 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismail_Seyfullayev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismail Seyfullayev (page does not exist)">Ismail Seyfullayev</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (under <i>de facto</i> control of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during 1 September 1942 to 23 October 1943)</li> <li>18 May 1944 – 30 June 1945 <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Кабанов, Александр Фёдорович">Aleksandr Kabanov</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council_of_Ministers">Council of Ministers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Council of Ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>22 March 1991 – 20 May 1993 Vitaliy Kurashik</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_chekists">Principal chekists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Principal chekists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3._%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3_MapKrym-1928-0618.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3._%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3_MapKrym-1928-0618.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3._%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3_MapKrym-1928-0618.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3._%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3_MapKrym-1928-0618.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3._%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3_MapKrym-1928-0618.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3._%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3_MapKrym-1928-0618.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3._%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1928%D0%B3_MapKrym-1928-0618.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1595" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Crimean ASSR in 1927</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Cheka</dt></dl> <ul><li>until April 1921 Mikhail Vikhman (later in Chernihiv)</li> <li>April 1921 – June 1921 Smirnov</li> <li>20 June 1921 – 1921 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyodor_Fomin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyodor Fomin (page does not exist)">Fyodor Fomin</a> (transferred to Kiev)</li> <li>11 November 1921 – February 1922 Aleksandr Rotenberg</li></ul> <dl><dt>Crimea GPU</dt></dl> <ul><li>February 1922 – 11 September 1922 Aleksandr Rotenberg</li> <li>11 September 1922 – 25 April 1923 Stanislav Redens</li></ul> <dl><dt>Merged GPU</dt></dl> <ul><li>25 April 1923 – 9 June 1924 <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Redens" title="Stanislav Redens">Stanislav Redens</a></li> <li>20 May 1924 – 29 July 1925 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Szwarz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Szwarz (page does not exist)">Sergei Szwarz</a> (transferred to the Special department of the Black Sea Navy)</li> <li>1925 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Toropkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Toropkin (page does not exist)">Aleksandr Toropkin</a> (transferred to Ural)</li> <li>October 1926 – 26 April 1928 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Apeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Apeter (page does not exist)">Ivan Apeter</a> (transferred to the Special department of the Black Sea Navy)</li></ul> <dl><dt>OGPU</dt></dl> <ul><li>26 April 1928 – December 1929 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigoriy_Rapoport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigoriy Rapoport (page does not exist)">Grigoriy Rapoport</a> (transferred to Belarus Military District)</li> <li>23 January 1930 – 10 July 1934 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Salins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Salins (page does not exist)">Eduard Salins</a> (Eduards Saliņš)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Narkom of State Security</dt></dl> <ul><li>26 February 1941 – 31 July 1941 Major Grigoriy Karanadze</li> <li>5 October 1943 – 5 July 1945 Commissar of the 3rd rank Pyotr Fokin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Regional_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Crimea Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine">Crimea Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Executive_Committee_of_Crimea" title="List of chairmen of the Executive Committee of Crimea">List of chairmen of the Executive Committee of Crimea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru" style="font-style: normal;">Крымская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Crimean Tatar-language text"><span lang="crh" style="font-style: normal;">Къырым Мухтар Социалист Совет Джумхуриети</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk" style="font-style: normal;">Кримська Автономна Соціалістична Радянська Республіка</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)</span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru" style="font-style: normal;">Крымская область</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Crimean Tatar-language text"><span lang="crh" style="font-style: normal;">Къырым виляети</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk" style="font-style: normal;">Кримська область</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)</span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Крымская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Krymskaya Avtonomnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Автономна Кримська Соціалістична Радянська Республіка</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Avtonomna Krymska Sotsialistychna Radyanska Respublika</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Autonomous Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modern <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>: <span title="Crimean Tatar-language text" lang="crh-Cyrl">Къырым Мухтар Совет Социалист Джумхуриети</span>; official Crimean Tatar name in the <a href="/wiki/New_Turkic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="New Turkic Alphabet">Yañalif</a>: <i><span title="Crimean Tatar-language text" lang="crh-Latn">Qrьm Avtonomjalь Sovet Sotsialist Respuвlikasь</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Крымская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Krymskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Кримська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Krymska Avtonomna Radyanska Sotsialistychna Respublika</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowbysight.info/1_RSFSR/04034.asp">"04034"</a>. <i>www.knowbysight.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.knowbysight.info&rft.atitle=04034&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knowbysight.info%2F1_RSFSR%2F04034.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimea+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostyrchenko2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kostyrchenko, Gennady (2003). <i>Stalin's Secret Policy: Power and Antisemitism</i> (in Russian). <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Relations_(publishing_house)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Relations (publishing house) (page does not exist)">International Relations (publishing house)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RIA+Novosti&rft.atitle=Day+in+history+%E2%80%93+20+January&rft.date=2006-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrweekly.com%2FArchive%2F1991%2F499101.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimea+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1213%D0%B0-12">"Про внесення змін і доповнень до Конституції (Основного Закону) Української РСР"</a>. <i>Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD+%D1%96+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97+%28%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%29+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzakon.rada.gov.ua%2Fgo%2F1213%25D0%25B0-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimea+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/1043447">"История референдумов в Крыму. Досье"</a>. <i>ТАСС</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83.+%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fmezhdunarodnaya-panorama%2F1043447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimea+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/171/94-%D0%B2%D1%80">"Про внесення змін і доповнень до Конституції (Основного Закону) України"</a>. <i>Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD+%D1%96+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97+%28%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%29+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzakon.rada.gov.ua%2Fgo%2F171%2F94-%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimea+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Soviet_Union" title="Portal:Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union871" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomous_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union871" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics">Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">By name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Buryat</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crimean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Gorno-Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardin_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%931936)" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)">Kirghiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhichevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">North Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_German_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Volga German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;;line-height:1.3em;">By years<br />of existence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1918–24  <a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkestan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup><br /> 1918–41  <a href="/wiki/Volga_German_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Volga German</a><sup><small>4</small></sup><br /> 1919–90  <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Bashkir</a><br /> 1920–25  <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz</a><sup><small>2</small></sup><br /> 1920–90  <a href="/wiki/Tatar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tatar</a><br /> 1921–91  <a href="/wiki/Adjarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjarian</a><br /> 1921–45  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crimean</a><br /> 1921–91  <a href="/wiki/Dagestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Dagestan</a><br /> 1921–24  <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mountain</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1921–90  <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhichevan</a><br /> 1922–91  <a href="/wiki/Yakut_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Yakut</a><br /> 1923–90  <a href="/wiki/Buryat_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Buryat</a><sup><small>1</small></sup><br /> 1923–40  <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a><br /> 1924–40  <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian</a><br /> 1924–29  <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik</a><br /> 1925–92  <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Chuvash</a><sup><small>5</small></sup><br /> 1925–36  <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh</a><sup><small>2</small></sup><br /> 1926–36  <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%931936)" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)">Kirghiz</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1931–92  <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz</a><br /> 1932–92  <a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karakalpak</a><br /> 1934–90  <a href="/wiki/Mordovian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mordovian</a><br /> 1934–90  <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Udmurt</a><sup><small>6</small></sup><br /> 1935–43  <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a><br /> 1936–44  <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a><br /> 1936–44  <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a><br /> 1936–90  <a href="/wiki/Komi_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Komi</a><br /> 1936–90  <a href="/wiki/Mari_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mari</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1936–90  <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">North Ossetian</a><br /> 1944–57  <a href="/wiki/Kabardin_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardin</a><br /> 1956–91  <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a><br /> 1957–92  <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a><br /> 1957–91  <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a><br /> 1958–90  <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a><br /> 1961–92  <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tuvan</a><br /> 1990–91  <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Gorno-Altai</a><br /> 1991–92  <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1991–1992)">Crimean</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>Buryat–Mongol</b> until 1958.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh ASSR</a></b> was called <b><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz ASSR</a></b> until 1925</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>3</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1920</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>4</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1923</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>5</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1925</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>6</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1934</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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