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Search results for: periodic inventory
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</div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: periodic inventory</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> Hybrid Inventory Model Optimization under Uncertainties: A Case Study in a Manufacturing Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Benga">E. Benga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Tengen"> T. Tengen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alugongo"> A. Alugongo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Periodic and continuous inventory models are the two classical management tools used to handle inventories. These models have advantages and disadvantages. The implementation of both continuous (r,Q) inventory and periodic (R, S) inventory models in most manufacturing plants comes with higher cost. Such high inventory costs are due to the fact that most manufacturing plants are not flexible enough. Since demand and lead-time are two important variables of every inventory models, their effect on the flexibility of the manufacturing plant matter most. Unfortunately, these effects are not clearly understood by managers. The reason is that the decision parameters of the continuous (r, Q) inventory and periodic (R, S) inventory models are not designed to effectively deal with the issues of uncertainties such as poor manufacturing performances, delivery performance supplies performances. There is, therefore, a need to come up with a predictive and hybrid inventory model that can combine in some sense the feature of the aforementioned inventory models. A linear combination technique is used to hybridize both continuous (r, Q) inventory and periodic (R, S) inventory models. The behavior of such hybrid inventory model is described by a differential equation and then optimized. From the results obtained after simulation, the continuous (r, Q) inventory model is more effective than the periodic (R, S) inventory models in the short run, but this difference changes as time goes by. Because the hybrid inventory model is more cost effective than the continuous (r,Q) inventory and periodic (R, S) inventory models in long run, it should be implemented for strategic decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20inventory" title="periodic inventory">periodic inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20inventory" title=" continuous inventory"> continuous inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20inventory" title=" hybrid inventory"> hybrid inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20plant" title=" manufacturing plant"> manufacturing plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64054/hybrid-inventory-model-optimization-under-uncertainties-a-case-study-in-a-manufacturing-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Optimizing a Hybrid Inventory System with Random Demand and Lead Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benga%20Ebouele">Benga Ebouele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Tengen"> Thomas Tengen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Implementing either periodic or continuous inventory review model within most manufacturing-companies-supply chains as a management tool may incur higher costs. These high costs affect the system flexibility which in turn affects the level of service required to satisfy customers. However, these effects are not clearly understood because the parameters of both inventory review policies (protection demand interval, order quantity, etc.) are not designed to be fully utilized under different and uncertain conditions such as poor manufacturing, supplies and delivery performance. Coming up with a hybrid model which may combine in some sense the feature of both continuous and a periodic inventory review models should be useful. Therefore, there is a need to build and evaluate such hybrid model on the annual total cost, stock out probability and system’s flexibility in order to search for the most cost effective inventory review model. This work also seeks to find the optimal sets of parameters of inventory management under stochastic condition so as to optimise each policy independently. The results reveal that a continuous inventory system always incurs lesser cost than a periodic (R, S) inventory system, but this difference tends to decrease as time goes by. Although the hybrid inventory is the only one that can yield lesser cost over time, it is not always desirable but also natural to use it in order to help the system to meet high performance specification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20and%20lead%20time%20randomness" title="demand and lead time randomness">demand and lead time randomness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20Inventory%20model" title=" hybrid Inventory model"> hybrid Inventory model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41794/optimizing-a-hybrid-inventory-system-with-random-demand-and-lead-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Optimal Emergency Shipment Policy for a Single-Echelon Periodic Review Inventory System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Poormoaied">Saeed Poormoaied</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zumbul%20Atan"> Zumbul Atan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emergency shipments provide a powerful mechanism to alleviate the risk of imminent stock-outs and can result in substantial benefits in an inventory system. Customer satisfaction and high service level are immediate consequences of utilizing emergency shipments. In this paper, we consider a single-echelon periodic review inventory system consisting of a single local warehouse, being replenished from a central warehouse with ample capacity in an infinite horizon setting. Since the structure of the optimal policy appears to be complicated, we analyze this problem under an order-up-to-S inventory control policy framework, the (S, T) policy, with the emergency shipment consideration. In each period of the periodic review policy, there is a single opportunity at any point of time for the emergency shipment so that in case of stock-outs, an emergency shipment is requested. The goal is to determine the timing and amount of the emergency shipment during a period (emergency shipment policy) as well as the base stock periodic review policy parameters (replenishment policy). We show that how taking advantage of having an emergency shipment during periods improves the performance of the classical (S, T) policy, especially when fixed and unit emergency shipment costs are small. Investigating the structure of the objective function, we develop an exact algorithm for finding the optimal solution. We also provide a heuristic and an approximation algorithm for the periodic review inventory system problem. The experimental analyses indicate that the heuristic algorithm is computationally more efficient than the approximation algorithm, but in terms of the solution efficiency, the approximation algorithm performs very well. We achieve up to 13% cost savings in the (S, T) policy if we apply the proposed emergency shipment policy. Moreover, our computational results reveal that the approximated solution is often within 0.21% of the globally optimal solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20shipment" title="emergency shipment">emergency shipment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20review%20policy" title=" periodic review policy"> periodic review policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximation%20algorithm." title=" approximation algorithm."> approximation algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105991/optimal-emergency-shipment-policy-for-a-single-echelon-periodic-review-inventory-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1123</span> A Robust Optimization for Multi-Period Lost-Sales Inventory Control Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunichi%20Ohmori">Shunichi Ohmori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirawadee%20Arunyanart"> Sirawadee Arunyanart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuho%20Yoshimoto"> Kazuho Yoshimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider a periodic review inventory control problem of minimizing production cost, inventory cost, and lost-sales under demand uncertainty, in which product demands are not specified exactly and it is only known to belong to a given uncertainty set, yet the constraints must hold for possible values of the data from the uncertainty set. We propose a robust optimization formulation for obtaining lowest cost possible and guaranteeing the feasibility with respect to range of order quantity and inventory level under demand uncertainty. Our formulation is based on the adaptive robust counterpart, which suppose order quantity is affine function of past demands. We derive certainty equivalent problem via second-order cone programming, which gives 'not too pessimistic' worst-case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20optimization" title="robust optimization">robust optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20control" title=" inventory control"> inventory control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20managment" title=" supply chain managment"> supply chain managment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second-order%20programming" title=" second-order programming"> second-order programming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42923/a-robust-optimization-for-multi-period-lost-sales-inventory-control-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1122</span> Inventory Decisions for Perishable Products with Age and Stock Dependent Demand Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maher%20Agi">Maher Agi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hardik%20Soni"> Hardik Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a deterministic model for optimized control of the inventory of a perishable product subject to both physical deterioration and degradation of its freshness condition. The demand for the product depends on its current inventory level and freshness condition. Our model allows for any positive amount of end of cycle inventory. Some useful conditions that characterize the optimal solution of the model are derived and an algorithm is presented for finding the optimal values of the price, the inventory cycle, the end of cycle inventory level and the order quantity. Numerical examples are then given. Our work shows how the product freshness in conjunction with the inventory deterioration affects the inventory management decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management" title="inventory management">inventory management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lot%20sizing" title=" lot sizing"> lot sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perishable%20products" title=" perishable products"> perishable products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deteriorating%20inventory" title=" deteriorating inventory"> deteriorating inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age-dependent%20demand" title=" age-dependent demand"> age-dependent demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock-dependent%20demand" title=" stock-dependent demand"> stock-dependent demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86620/inventory-decisions-for-perishable-products-with-age-and-stock-dependent-demand-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> Defuzzification of Periodic Membership Function on Circular Coordinates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Mitsuishi">Takashi Mitsuishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Saigusa"> Koji Saigusa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents circular polar coordinates transformation of periodic fuzzy membership function. The purpose is identification of domain of periodic membership functions in consequent part of IF-THEN rules. The proposed methods are applied to the simple color construct system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20membership%20function" title="periodic membership function">periodic membership function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polar%20coordinates%20transformation" title=" polar coordinates transformation"> polar coordinates transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defuzzification" title=" defuzzification"> defuzzification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20coordinates" title=" circular coordinates"> circular coordinates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14722/defuzzification-of-periodic-membership-function-on-circular-coordinates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Kernel Parallelization Equation for Identifying Structures under Unknown and Periodic Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Sadegh%20Naseralavi">Seyed Sadegh Naseralavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a Kernel parallelization equation for damage identification in structures under unknown periodic excitations. Herein, the dynamic differential equation of the motion of structure is viewed as a mapping from displacements to external forces. Utilizing this viewpoint, a new method for damage detection in structures under periodic loads is presented. The developed method requires only two periods of load. The method detects the damages without finding the input loads. The method is based on the fact that structural displacements under free and forced vibrations are associated with two parallel subspaces in the displacement space. Considering the concept, kernel parallelization equation (KPE) is derived for damage detection under unknown periodic loads. The method is verified for a case study under periodic loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel" title="Kernel">Kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unknown%20periodic%20load" title=" unknown periodic load"> unknown periodic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20detection" title=" damage detection"> damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel%20parallelization%20equation" title=" Kernel parallelization equation "> Kernel parallelization equation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75655/kernel-parallelization-equation-for-identifying-structures-under-unknown-and-periodic-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Rogue Waves Arising on the Standing Periodic Wave in the High-Order Ablowitz-Ladik Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanpei%20Zhen">Yanpei Zhen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation models wave dynamics in many physical problems related to fluids, plasmas, and optics. The standing periodic waves are known to be modulationally unstable, and rogue waves (localized perturbations in space and time) have been observed on their backgrounds in numerical experiments. The exact solutions for rogue waves arising on the periodic standing waves have been obtained analytically. It is natural to ask if the rogue waves persist on the standing periodic waves in the integrable discretizations of the integrable NLS equation. We study the standing periodic waves in the semidiscrete integrable system modeled by the high-order Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) equation. The standing periodic wave of the high-order AL equation is expressed by the Jacobi cnoidal elliptic function. The exact solutions are obtained by using the separation of variables and one-fold Darboux transformation. Since the cnoidal wave is modulationally unstable, the rogue waves are generated on the periodic background. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darboux%20transformation" title="Darboux transformation">Darboux transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20wave" title=" periodic wave"> periodic wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rogue%20wave" title=" Rogue wave"> Rogue wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separating%20the%20variables" title=" separating the variables"> separating the variables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174512/rogue-waves-arising-on-the-standing-periodic-wave-in-the-high-order-ablowitz-ladik-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Modeling the Three - Echelon Repairable Parts Inventory System under (S-1, S) Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Kapoor">Rohit Kapoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an attempt is made to formulate 3-echelon repairable parts inventory system under (S-1, S) policy. This analytical model is the extension of an exact formulation of two - echelon repairable parts inventory system, already reported in the established literature. In the present paper, we try to formulate the total cost expression consisting of two components, viz., system investment cost and expected backorder cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28S-1" title="(S-1">(S-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%29%20inventory%20policy" title=" S) inventory policy"> S) inventory policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-echelon%20inventory%20system" title=" multi-echelon inventory system"> multi-echelon inventory system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repairable%20parts" title=" repairable parts"> repairable parts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36101/modeling-the-three-echelon-repairable-parts-inventory-system-under-s-1-s-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> Ranking of Inventory Policies Using Distance Based Approach Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gupta%20Amit">Gupta Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Ramesh"> Kumar Ramesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Tewari"> P. C. Tewari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization is putting enormous pressure on the business organizations specially manufacturing one to rethink the supply chain in innovative manners. Inventory consumes major portion of total sale revenue. Effective and efficient inventory management plays a vital role for the successful functioning of any organization. Selection of inventory policy is one of the important purchasing activities. This paper focuses on selection and ranking of alternative inventory policies. A deterministic quantitative model-based on Distance Based Approach (DBA) method has been developed for evaluation and ranking of inventory policies. We have employed this concept first time for this type of the selection problem. Four inventory policies Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Just in Time (JIT), Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and monthly policy are considered. Improper selection could affect a company’s competitiveness in terms of the productivity of its facilities and quality of its products. The ranking of inventory policies is a multi-criteria problem. There is a need to first identify the selection criteria and then processes the information with reference to relative importance of attributes for comparison. Criteria values for each inventory policy can be obtained either analytically or by using a simulation technique or they are linguistic subjective judgments defined by fuzzy sets, like, for example, the values of criteria. A methodology is developed and applied to rank the inventory policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20policy" title="inventory policy">inventory policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranking" title=" ranking"> ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DBA" title=" DBA"> DBA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selection%20criteria" title=" selection criteria"> selection criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1726/ranking-of-inventory-policies-using-distance-based-approach-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> Two-Warehouse Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Inventory-Level-Dependent Demand under Two Dispatching Policies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Zhao">Lei Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhe%20Yuan"> Zhe Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenyue%20Kuang"> Wenyue Kuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies two-warehouse inventory models for a deteriorating item considering that the demand is influenced by inventory levels. The problem mainly focuses on the optimal order policy and the optimal order cycle with inventory-level-dependent demand in two-warehouse system for retailers. It considers the different deterioration rates and the inventory holding costs in owned warehouse (OW) and rented warehouse (RW), and the conditions of transportation cost, allowed shortage and partial backlogging. Two inventory models are formulated: last-in first-out (LIFO) model and first-in-first-out (FIFO) model based on the policy choices of LIFO and FIFO, and a comparative analysis of LIFO model and FIFO model is made. The study finds that the FIFO policy is more in line with realistic operating conditions. Especially when the inventory holding cost of OW is high, and there is no difference or big difference between deterioration rates of OW and RW, the FIFO policy has better applicability. Meanwhile, this paper considers the differences between the effects of warehouse and shelf inventory levels on demand, and then builds retailers’ inventory decision model and studies the factors of the optimal order quantity, the optimal order cycle and the average inventory cost per unit time. To minimize the average total cost, the optimal dispatching policies are provided for retailers’ decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIFO%20model" title="FIFO model">FIFO model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory-level-dependent" title=" inventory-level-dependent"> inventory-level-dependent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIFO%20model" title=" LIFO model"> LIFO model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-warehouse%20inventory" title=" two-warehouse inventory"> two-warehouse inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50101/two-warehouse-inventory-model-for-deteriorating-items-with-inventory-level-dependent-demand-under-two-dispatching-policies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Improving Sales through Inventory Reduction: A Retail Chain Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Mattos">M. G. Mattos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20E.%20P%C3%A9cora%20Jr"> J. E. Pécora Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Briso"> T. A. Briso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today's challenging business environment, with unpredictable demand and volatility, requires a supply chain strategy that handles uncertainty and risks in the right way. Even though inventory models have been previously explored, this paper seeks to apply these concepts on a practical situation. This study involves the inventory replenishment problem, applying techniques that are mainly based on mathematical assumptions and modeling. The primary goal is to improve the retailer’s supply chain processes taking store differences when setting the various target stock levels. Through inventory review policy, picking piece implementation and minimum exposure definition, we were able not only to promote the inventory reduction as well as improve sales results. The inventory management theory from literature review was then tested on a single case study regarding a particular department in one of the largest Latam retail chains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title="inventory">inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retail" title=" retail"> retail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20stock" title=" safety stock"> safety stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sales" title=" sales"> sales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78978/improving-sales-through-inventory-reduction-a-retail-chain-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Periodical System of Isotopes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriy%20Magula">Andriy Magula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the help of a special algorithm being the principle of multilevel periodicity, the periodic change of properties at the nuclear level of chemical elements was discovered and the variant for the periodic system of isotopes was presented. The periodic change in the properties of isotopes, as well as the vertical symmetry of subgroups, was checked for consistency in accordance with the following ten types of experimental data: mass ratio of fission fragments; quadrupole moment values; magnetic moment; lifetime of radioactive isotopes; neutron scattering; thermal neutron radiative capture cross-sections (n, γ); α-particle yield cross-sections (n, α); isotope abundance on Earth, in the Solar system and other stellar systems; features of ore formation and stellar evolution. For all ten cases, the correspondences for the proposed periodic structure of the nucleus were obtained. The system was formed in the usual 2D table, similar to the periodic system of elements, and the mass series of isotopes was divided into 8 periods and 4 types of ‘nuclear’ orbitals: sn, dn, pn, fn. The origin of ‘magic’ numbers as a set of filled charge shells of the nucleus was explained. Due to the isotope system, the periodic structure is shown at a new level of the universe, and the prospects of its practical use are opened up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20system" title="periodic system">periodic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotope" title=" isotope"> isotope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period" title=" period"> period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subgroup" title=" subgroup"> subgroup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%9Cnuclear%E2%80%9D%20orbital" title=" “nuclear” orbital"> “nuclear” orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20reaction" title=" nuclear reaction"> nuclear reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192564/periodical-system-of-isotopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Response Solutions of 2-Dimensional Elliptic Degenerate Quasi-Periodic Systems With Small Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Ni">Song Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junxiang%20Xu"> Junxiang Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper concerns quasi-periodic perturbations with parameters of 2-dimensional degenerate systems. If the equilibrium point of the unperturbed system is elliptic-type degenerate. Assume that the perturbation is real analytic quasi-periodic with diophantine frequency. Without imposing any assumption on the perturbation, we can use a path of equilibrium points to tackle with the Melnikov non-resonance condition, then by the Leray-Schauder Continuation Theorem and the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser technique, it is proved that the equation has a small response solution for many sufficiently small parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-periodic%20systems" title="quasi-periodic systems">quasi-periodic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KAM-iteration" title=" KAM-iteration"> KAM-iteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degenerate%20equilibrium%20point" title=" degenerate equilibrium point"> degenerate equilibrium point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20solution" title=" response solution"> response solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175183/response-solutions-of-2-dimensional-elliptic-degenerate-quasi-periodic-systems-with-small-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Sensitive Analysis of the ZF Model for ABC Multi Criteria Inventory Classification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makram%20Ben%20Jeddou">Makram Ben Jeddou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ABC classification is widely used by managers for inventory control. The classical ABC classification is based on the Pareto principle and according to the criterion of the annual use value only. Single criterion classification is often insufficient for a closely inventory control. Multi-criteria inventory classification models have been proposed by researchers in order to take into account other important criteria. From these models, we will consider the ZF model in order to make a sensitive analysis on the composite score calculated for each item. In fact, this score based on a normalized average between a good and a bad optimized index can affect the ABC items classification. We will then focus on the weights assigned to each index and propose a classification compromise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABC%20classification" title="ABC classification">ABC classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20criteria%20inventory%20%20classification%20models" title=" multi criteria inventory classification models"> multi criteria inventory classification models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZF-model" title=" ZF-model"> ZF-model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22613/sensitive-analysis-of-the-zf-model-for-abc-multi-criteria-inventory-classification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Existence of positive periodic solutions for certain delay differential equations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Nouioua">Farid Nouioua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelouaheb%20Ardjouni"> Abdelouaheb Ardjouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we study the existence of positive periodic solutions of certain delay differential equations. In the process we convert the differential equation into an equivalent integral equation after which appropriate mappings are constructed. We then employ Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive periodic solution of the differential equation. The obtained results improve and extend the results in the literature. Finally, an example is given to illustrate our results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay%20differential%20equations" title="delay differential equations">delay differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20periodic%20solutions" title=" positive periodic solutions"> positive periodic solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20equations" title=" integral equations"> integral equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasnoselskii%20fixed%20point%20theorem" title=" Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem"> Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40904/existence-of-positive-periodic-solutions-for-certain-delay-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> On Periodic Integer-Valued Moving Average Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aries%20Nawel">Aries Nawel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bentarzi%20Mohamed"> Bentarzi Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the study of some probabilistic and statistical properties of a Periodic Integer-Valued Moving Average Model (PINMA_{S}(q)). The closed forms of the mean, the second moment and the periodic autocovariance function are obtained. Furthermore, the time reversibility of the model is discussed in details. Moreover, the estimation of the underlying parameters are obtained by the Yule-Walker method, the Conditional Least Square method (CLS) and the Weighted Conditional Least Square method (WCLS). A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the estimation method. Moreover, an application on real data set is provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20integer-valued%20moving%20average" title="periodic integer-valued moving average">periodic integer-valued moving average</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodically%20correlated%20process" title=" periodically correlated process"> periodically correlated process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20reversibility" title=" time reversibility"> time reversibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=count%20data" title=" count data"> count data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132956/on-periodic-integer-valued-moving-average-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Inventory Management System of Seasonal Raw Materials of Feeds at San Jose Batangas through Integer Linear Programming and VBA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glenda%20Marie%20D.%20Balitaan">Glenda Marie D. Balitaan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The branch of business management that deals with inventory planning and control is known as inventory management. It comprises keeping track of supply levels and forecasting demand, as well as scheduling when and how to plan. Keeping excess inventory results in a loss of money, takes up physical space, and raises the risk of damage, spoilage, and loss. On the other hand, too little inventory frequently causes operations to be disrupted and raises the possibility of low customer satisfaction, both of which can be detrimental to a company's reputation. The United Victorious Feed mill Corporation's present inventory management practices were assessed in terms of inventory level, warehouse allocation, ordering frequency, shelf life, and production requirement. To help the company achieve their optimal level of inventory, a mathematical model was created using Integer Linear Programming. Due to the season, the goal function was to reduce the cost of purchasing US Soya and Yellow Corn. Warehouse space, annual production requirements, and shelf life were all considered. To ensure that the user only uses one application to record all relevant information, like production output and delivery, the researcher built a Visual Basic system. Additionally, the technology allows management to change the model's parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management" title="inventory management">inventory management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integer%20linear%20programming" title=" integer linear programming"> integer linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management%20system" title=" inventory management system"> inventory management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20mill" title=" feed mill"> feed mill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160839/inventory-management-system-of-seasonal-raw-materials-of-feeds-at-san-jose-batangas-through-integer-linear-programming-and-vba" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> A Dynamical Approach for Relating Energy Consumption to Hybrid Inventory Level in the Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benga%20Ebouele">Benga Ebouele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Tengen"> Thomas Tengen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to long lead time, work in process (WIP) inventory can manifest within the supply chain of most manufacturing system. It implies that there are lesser finished good on hand and more in the process because the work remains in the factory too long and cannot be sold to either customers The supply chain of most manufacturing system is then considered as inefficient as it take so much time to produce the finished good. Time consumed in each operation of the supply chain has an associated energy costs. Such phenomena can be harmful for a hybrid inventory system because a lot of space to store these semi-finished goods may be needed and one is not sure about the final energy cost of producing, holding and delivering the good to customers. The principle that reduces waste of energy within the supply chain of most manufacturing firms should therefore be available to all inventory managers in pursuit of profitability. Decision making by inventory managers in this condition is a modeling process, whereby a dynamical approach is used to depict, examine, specify and even operationalize the relationship between energy consumption and hybrid inventory level. The relationship between energy consumption and inventory level is established, which indicates a poor level of control and hence a potential for energy savings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modelling" title="dynamic modelling">dynamic modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20used" title=" energy used"> energy used</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20inventory" title=" hybrid inventory"> hybrid inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41799/a-dynamical-approach-for-relating-energy-consumption-to-hybrid-inventory-level-in-the-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Estimation of PM2.5 Emissions and Source Apportionment Using Receptor and Dispersion Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swetha%20Priya%20Darshini%20Thammadi">Swetha Priya Darshini Thammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sateesh%20Kumar%20Pisini"> Sateesh Kumar Pisini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Kumar%20Shukla"> Sanjay Kumar Shukla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Source apportionment using Dispersion model depends primarily on the quality of Emission Inventory. In the present study, a CMB receptor model has been used to identify the sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, while the AERMOD dispersion model has been used to account for missing sources of PM<sub>2.5 </sub>in the Emission Inventory. A statistical approach has been developed to quantify the missing sources not considered in the Emission Inventory. The inventory of each grid was improved by adjusting emissions based on road lengths and deficit in measured and modelled concentrations. The results showed that in CMB analyses, fugitive sources - soil and road dust - contribute significantly to ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution. As a result, AERMOD significantly underestimated the ambient air concentration at most locations. The revised Emission Inventory showed a significant improvement in AERMOD performance which is evident through statistical tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMB" title="CMB">CMB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AERMOD" title=" AERMOD"> AERMOD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM%E2%82%82.%E2%82%85" title=" PM₂.₅"> PM₂.₅</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fugitive" title=" fugitive"> fugitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20inventory" title=" emission inventory"> emission inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95921/estimation-of-pm25-emissions-and-source-apportionment-using-receptor-and-dispersion-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Simulating Economic Order Quantity and Reorder Point Policy for a Repairable Items Inventory System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojahid%20F.%20Saeed%20Osman">Mojahid F. Saeed Osman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Repairable items inventory system is a management tool used to incorporate all information concerning inventory levels and movements for repaired and new items. This paper presents development of an effective simulation model for managing the inventory of repairable items for a production system where production lines send their faulty items to a repair shop considering the stochastic failure behavior and repair times. The developed model imitates the process of handling the on-hand inventory of repaired items and the replenishment of the inventory of new items using Economic Order Quantity and Reorder Point ordering policy in a flexible and risk-free environment. We demonstrate the appropriateness and effectiveness of the proposed simulation model using an illustrative case problem. The developed simulation model can be used as a reliable tool for estimating a healthy on-hand inventory of new and repaired items, backordered items, and downtime due to unavailability of repaired items, and validating and examining Economic Order Quantity and Reorder Point ordering policy, which would further be compared with other ordering strategies as future work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20system" title="inventory system">inventory system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repairable%20items" title=" repairable items"> repairable items</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20order%20quantity" title=" economic order quantity"> economic order quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reorder%20point" title=" reorder point"> reorder point</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122752/simulating-economic-order-quantity-and-reorder-point-policy-for-a-repairable-items-inventory-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Inventory Policy Above Country Level for Cooperating Countries for Vaccines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysun%20P%C4%B1narba%C5%9F%C4%B1">Aysun Pınarbaşı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%A9la%20Vizv%C3%A1ri"> Béla Vizvári</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The countries are the units that procure the vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The delivered quantities are huge. The countries must bear the inventory holding cost according to the variation of stock quantities. This cost depends on the speed of the vaccination in the country. This speed is time-dependent. The vaccinated portion of the population can be approximated by the cumulative distribution function of the Cauchy distribution. A model is provided for determining the minimal-cost inventory policy, and its optimality conditions are provided. The model is solved for 20 countries for different numbers of procurements. The results reveal the individual behavior of each country. We provide an inventory policy for the pandemic period for the countries. This paper presents a deterministic model for vaccines with a demand rate variable over time for the countries. It is aimed to provide an analytical model to deal with the minimization of holding cost and develop inventory policies regarding this aim to be used for a variety of perishable products such as vaccines. The saturation process is introduced, and an approximation of the vaccination curve of the countries has been discussed. According to this aspect, a deterministic model for inventory policy has been developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covid-19" title="covid-19">covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20policy" title=" inventory policy"> inventory policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bounded%20total%20demand" title=" bounded total demand"> bounded total demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20holding%20cost" title=" inventory holding cost"> inventory holding cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cauchy%20distribution" title=" cauchy distribution"> cauchy distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigmoid%20function" title=" sigmoid function"> sigmoid function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162848/inventory-policy-above-country-level-for-cooperating-countries-for-vaccines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Spare Part Inventory Optimization Policy: A Study Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zukhrof%20Romadhon">Zukhrof Romadhon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nani%20Kurniati"> Nani Kurniati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Availability of Spare parts is critical to support maintenance tasks and the production system. Managing spare part inventory deals with some parameters and objective functions, as well as the tradeoff between inventory costs and spare parts availability. Several mathematical models and methods have been developed to optimize the spare part policy. Many researchers who proposed optimization models need to be considered to identify other potential models. This work presents a review of several pertinent literature on spare part inventory optimization and analyzes the gaps for future research. Initial investigation on scholars and many journal database systems under specific keywords related to spare parts found about 17K papers. Filtering was conducted based on five main aspects, i.e., replenishment policy, objective function, echelon network, lead time, model solving, and additional aspects of part classification. Future topics could be identified based on the number of papers that haven’t addressed specific aspects, including joint optimization of spare part inventory and maintenance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spare%20part" title="spare part">spare part</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spare%20part%20inventory" title=" spare part inventory"> spare part inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20model" title=" inventory model"> inventory model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181509/spare-part-inventory-optimization-policy-a-study-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Multi-Criteria Inventory Classification Process Based on Logical Analysis of Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20L%C3%B3pez-Soto">Diana López-Soto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumaya%20Yacout"> Soumaya Yacout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20%C3%81ngel-Bello"> Francisco Ángel-Bello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although inventories are considered as stocks of money sitting on shelve, they are needed in order to secure a constant and continuous production. Therefore, companies need to have control over the amount of inventory in order to find the balance between excessive and shortage of inventory. The classification of items according to certain criteria such as the price, the usage rate and the lead time before arrival allows any company to concentrate its investment in inventory according to certain ranking or priority of items. This makes the decision making process for inventory management easier and more justifiable. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for the classification of new items based on the already existing criteria. This approach is called the Logical Analysis of Data (LAD). It is used in this paper to assist the process of ABC items classification based on multiple criteria. LAD is a data mining technique based on Boolean theory that is used for pattern recognition. This technique has been tested in medicine, industry, credit risk analysis, and engineering with remarkable results. An application on ABC inventory classification is presented for the first time, and the results are compared with those obtained when using the well-known AHP technique and the ANN technique. The results show that LAD presented very good classification accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABC%20multi-criteria%20inventory%20classification" title="ABC multi-criteria inventory classification">ABC multi-criteria inventory classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management" title=" inventory management"> inventory management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-class%20LAD%20model" title=" multi-class LAD model"> multi-class LAD model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20classification" title=" multi-criteria classification"> multi-criteria classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29498/multi-criteria-inventory-classification-process-based-on-logical-analysis-of-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">881</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Reducing Inventory Costs by Reducing Inventory Levels: Kuwait Flour Mills and Bakeries Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Al-Qattan">Dana Al-Qattan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiza%20Goodarzi"> Faiza Goodarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Al-Resheedan"> Heba Al-Resheedan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawther%20Shehab"> Kawther Shehab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoug%20Al-Ansari"> Shoug Al-Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project involves working with different types of forecasting methods and facility planning tools to help the company we have chosen to improve and reduce its inventory, increase its sales, and decrease its wastes and losses. The methods that have been used by the company have shown no improvement in decreasing the annual losses. The research made in the company has shown that no interest has been made in exploring different techniques to help the company. In this report, we introduce several methods and techniques that will help the company make more accurate forecasts and use of the available space efficiently. We expect our approach to reduce costs without affecting the quality of the product, and hence making production more viable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning" title="production planning">production planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management" title=" inventory management"> inventory management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20control" title=" inventory control"> inventory control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility%20planning%20and%20design" title=" facility planning and design"> facility planning and design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20economy%20and%20costs" title=" engineering economy and costs"> engineering economy and costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9187/reducing-inventory-costs-by-reducing-inventory-levels-kuwait-flour-mills-and-bakeries-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Inventory Control for Purchased Part under Long Lead Time and Uncertain Demand: MRP vs Demand-Driven MRP Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Shofa">M. J. Shofa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hidayatno"> A. Hidayatno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20M.%20Armand"> O. M. Armand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MRP as a production control system is appropriate for the deterministic environment. Unfortunately, most production systems such as customer demands are stochastic. Demand-Driven MRP (DDMRP) is a new approach for inventory control system, and it deals with demand uncertainty. The objective of this paper is to compare the MRP and DDMRP work for a long lead time and uncertain demand in terms of on-hand inventory levels. The evaluation is conducted through a discrete event simulation using purchased part data from an automotive company. The result is MRP gives 50,759 pcs / day while DDMRP gives 34,835 pcs / day (reduce 32%), it means DDMRP is more effective inventory control than MRP in terms of on-hand inventory levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demand-Driven%20MRP" title="Demand-Driven MRP">Demand-Driven MRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20lead%20time" title=" long lead time"> long lead time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRP" title=" MRP"> MRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertain%20demand" title=" uncertain demand"> uncertain demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71415/inventory-control-for-purchased-part-under-long-lead-time-and-uncertain-demand-mrp-vs-demand-driven-mrp-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> Strategy of Inventory Analysis with Economic Order Quantity and Quick Response: Case on Filter Inventory for Heavy Equipment in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Sanny">Lim Sanny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Christian"> Felix Christian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of heavy equipment in Indonesia is always increasing. Cost reduction in procurement of spare parts is the aim of the company. The spare parts in this research are focused in the kind of filters. On the early step, the choosing of priority filter will be studied further by using the ABC analysis. To find out future demand of the filter, this research is using demand forecast by utilizing the QM software for windows. And to find out the best method of inventory control for each kind of filter is by comparing the total cost of Economic Order Quantity and Quick response inventory method. For the three kind of filters which are Cartridge, Engine oil – pn : 600-211-123, Element, Transmission – pn : 424-16-11140, and Element, Hydraulic – pn : 07063-01054, the best forecasting method is Linear regression. The best method for inventory control of Cartridge, Engine oil – pn : 600-211-123 and Element, Transmission – pn : 424-16-11140, is Quick Response Inventory, while the best method for Element, Hydraulic – pn : 07063-01054 is Economic Order Quantity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title="strategy">strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABC%20analysis" title=" ABC analysis"> ABC analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20order%20quantity" title=" economic order quantity"> economic order quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quick%20response%20inventory" title=" quick response inventory"> quick response inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19597/strategy-of-inventory-analysis-with-economic-order-quantity-and-quick-response-case-on-filter-inventory-for-heavy-equipment-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Stabilization of Displaced Periodic Orbit Using Feedback Linearization Control Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar%20Yadav">Arun Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badam%20Singh%20Kushvah"> Badam Singh Kushvah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, we investigated displaced periodic orbits in the linear order in the circular restricted three-body Sun-Jupiter system, where the third mass-less body utilizes solar electric sail. The electric solar sail is a new space propulsion concept which uses the solar wind momentum for producing thrust, and it is somewhat like to the more well-known solar radiation pressure sail which is often called simply the solar sail. Moreover, we implement the feedback linearization control scheme to perform the stabilization and trajectory tracking for the nonlinear system. Further, we derived periodic orbits analytically in linear order by introducing a first order approximation. These approximate analytic solutions are utilized in a numerical search to determine displaced periodic orbit in the full nonlinear model. We found the displaced periodic orbit for the defined non-linear model and stabilized the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20electric%20sail" title="solar electric sail">solar electric sail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20restricted%20three-body%20problem%20%28CRTBP%29" title=" circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP)"> circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displaced%20orbit" title=" displaced orbit"> displaced orbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback%20linearization%20control" title=" feedback linearization control"> feedback linearization control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83358/stabilization-of-displaced-periodic-orbit-using-feedback-linearization-control-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> Shear Elastic Waves in Disordered Anisotropic Multi-Layered Periodic Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20B.%20Ghazaryan">K. B. Ghazaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Ghazaryan"> R. A. Ghazaryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the constitutive model and anti-plane equations of anisotropic elastic body of monoclinic symmetry we consider the problem of shear wave propagation in multi-layered disordered composite structure with point defect. Using transfer matrix method the analytic expression is obtained providing solutions of shear Floquet wave propagation in periodic disordered anisotropic structure. The usefulness of the obtained analytical expression was discussed also in reflection and refraction problems from multi-layered reflector as well as in vibration problem of multi-layered waveguides. Numerical results are presented highlighting the effects arising in disordered periodic structure due to defects of multi-layered structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20elastic%20waves" title="shear elastic waves">shear elastic waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoclinic%20anisotropic%20media" title=" monoclinic anisotropic media"> monoclinic anisotropic media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20structure" title=" periodic structure"> periodic structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disordered%20multilayer%20laminae" title=" disordered multilayer laminae"> disordered multilayer laminae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layered%20waveguide" title=" multi-layered waveguide"> multi-layered waveguide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48365/shear-elastic-waves-in-disordered-anisotropic-multi-layered-periodic-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> Effect of Inventory Management on Financial Performance: Evidence from Nigerian Conglomerate Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Danlami%20Ahmed">Adamu Danlami Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inventory management is the determinant of effective and efficient work for any manager. This study looked at the relationship between inventory management and financial performance. The population of the study comprises all conglomerate quoted companies in the Nigerian Stock Exchange market as at 31<sup>st</sup> December 2010. The scope of the study covered the period from 2010 to 2014. Descriptive, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions are used to analyze the data. It was found that inventory management is significantly related to the profitability of the company. This entails that an efficient management of the inventory cycle will enhance the profitability of the company. Also, lack of proper management of it will hinder the financial performance of organizations. Based on the results, it was recommended that a conglomerate company should try to see that inventories are kept to a minimum, as well as make sure the proper checks are maintained to make sure only needed inventories are in the store. As well as to keep track of the movement of goods, in order to avoid unnecessary delay of finished and work in progress (WIP) goods in the store and warehouse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finished%20goods" title="finished goods">finished goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20in%20progress" title=" work in progress"> work in progress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20performance" title=" financial performance"> financial performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54433/effect-of-inventory-management-on-financial-performance-evidence-from-nigerian-conglomerate-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">‹</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20inventory&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20inventory&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20inventory&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20inventory&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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