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acid.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Boric acid."> <meta name="keywords" content="Boric acid."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Boric acid."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 760</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Boric acid.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">760</span> Effect of Boric Acid on a-Hydroxy Acids Compounds in Thin Layer Chromatography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elham%20Moniri">Elham Moniri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Homayon%20Ahmad%20Panahi"> Homayon Ahmad Panahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Izadi"> Ahmad Izadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Mehdi%20Parvin"> Mohamad Mehdi Parvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atyeh%20Rahimi"> Atyeh Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation Salicylic acid, Sulfosalicylic acid and Acetyl salicylic acid were chosen as a sample for thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates. Bicarbonate buffer at different pH containing different amounts of boric acid was applied as mobile phase. Specific interaction of these substances with boric acid has effect on Rf in thin layer chromatography. Regular and similar trend was observed in variations of Rf for mentioned compounds in TLC by altering of percentages of boric acid in mobile phase in pH range of 8-10. Also effect of organic solvent, mixture of water/ organic solvent and organic solvent containing boric acid as mobile phase was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thin%20layer%20chromatography%20%28TLC%29" title="Thin layer chromatography (TLC)">Thin layer chromatography (TLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aspirin" title=" Aspirin"> Aspirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salicylic%20acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sulfosalycylic%20acid" title=" Sulfosalycylic acid"> Sulfosalycylic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boric%20acid." title=" Boric acid."> Boric acid.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/effect-of-boric-acid-on-a-hydroxy-acids-compounds-in-thin-layer-chromatography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">759</span> Separation of Vitamin B2 and B12 byImpregnate HPTLC Plates with Boric Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Homayon%20Ahmad%20Panahi">Homayon Ahmad Panahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossein%20Sid%20Kalal"> Hossein Sid Kalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atyeh%20Rahimi"> Atyeh Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high performance thin layer chromatography system (HPTLC) for the separation of vitamin B2 and B12 has been developed. The separation was successfully using a solvent system of methanol, water, ammonia 7.3.1 (V/V) as mobile phase on HPTLC plates impregnated with boric acid. The effect of other mobile phases on the separation of vitamins was also examined. The method is based on different behavior of investigated compounds in impregnated TLC plates with different amount of boric acid. The Rf values of vitamin B2 and B12 are considered on non impregnated and impregnated silica gel HPTLC plate with boric acid. The effect of boric acid in the mobile phase and on HPTLC plates on the RF values of the vitamins has also been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20performance%20thin%20layer%20chromatography" title="High performance thin layer chromatography">High performance thin layer chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HPTLC" title="HPTLC">HPTLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vitamin%20B2" title=" Vitamin B2"> Vitamin B2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vitamin%20B12" title=" Vitamin B12"> Vitamin B12</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Separation." title=" Separation."> Separation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/separation-of-vitamin-b2-and-b12-byimpregnate-hptlc-plates-with-boric-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">758</span> The Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Different Level Cluster Tip Reduction and Foliar Boric Acid Applications on Alphonse Lavallee Grape Cultivar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ak%C4%B1n">A. Akın</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20%C3%87oban"> H. Çoban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was carried out to determine the effects of Control (C), 1/3 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/3 CTR), 1/6 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/6 CTR), 1/9 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/9 CTR), 1/3 CTR + Boric Acid (BA), 1/6 CTR + BA, 1/9 CTR + BA applications on yield and yield components of four years old Alphonse Lavallee grape variety (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) grown on grafted 110 Paulsen rootstock in Konya province in Turkey in the vegetation period in 2015. According to the results, the highest maturity index 21.46 with 1/9 CTR application; the highest grape juice yields 736.67 ml with 1/3 CTR + BA application; the highest L* color value 32.07 with 1/9 CTR application; the highest a* color value 1.74 with 1/9 CTR application; the highest b* color value 3.72 with 1/9 CTR application were obtained. The effects of applications on grape fresh yield, cluster weight and berry weight were not found statistically significant.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alphonse%20Lavallee%20grape%20cultivar" title="Alphonse Lavallee grape cultivar">Alphonse Lavallee grape cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=different%20cluster%20tip%20reduction%20%281%2F3" title=" different cluster tip reduction (1/3"> different cluster tip reduction (1/3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1%2F6" title=" 1/6"> 1/6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1%2F9%29" title=" 1/9)"> 1/9)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=foliar%20boric%20acid%20application" title=" foliar boric acid application"> foliar boric acid application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quality." title=" quality."> quality.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/the-effects-on-yield-and-yield-components-of-different-level-cluster-tip-reduction-and-foliar-boric-acid-applications-on-alphonse-lavallee-grape-cultivar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1850</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">757</span> The Effects of Different Level Cluster Tip Reduction and Foliar Boric Acid Applications on Yield and Yield Components of Italia Grape Cultivar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Akin">A. Akin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out on Italia grape variety (<em>Vitis vinifera </em>L.) in Konya province, Turkey in 2016. The cultivar is five years old and grown on 1103 Paulsen rootstock. It was determined the effects of applications of the Control (C), 1/3 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/3 CTR), 1/6 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/6 CTR), 1/9 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/9 CTR), 1/3 CTR+Boric Acid (BA), 1/6 CTR+BA, 1/9 CTR+BA, on yield and yield components of the Italia grape variety. The results were obtained as the highest fresh grape yield (4.74 g) with 1/9 CTR+BA application; the highest cluster weight (220.08 g) with 1/3 CTR application; the highest 100 berry weight (565.85 g) with 1/9 CTR+BA application; as the highest maturity index (49.28) with 1/9 CTR+BA application; as the highest must yield (685.33 ml/kg) with 1/3 CTR+BA and (685.33 ml/kg) with 1/9 CTR+BA applications. To increase the fresh grape yield, 100 berry weight and maturity index in the Italia grape variety, the 1/9 CTR+BA application can be recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Italia%20grape%20variety" title="Italia grape variety">Italia grape variety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boric%20acid" title=" boric acid"> boric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cluster%20tip%20reduction" title=" cluster tip reduction"> cluster tip reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield%20components." title=" yield components."> yield components.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/the-effects-of-different-level-cluster-tip-reduction-and-foliar-boric-acid-applications-on-yield-and-yield-components-of-italia-grape-cultivar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">997</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">756</span> Effects of Boron Compounds in Rabbits Fed High Protein and Energy Diet: A Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Baspinar">N. Baspinar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Basoglu"> A. Basoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Ozdemir"> O. Ozdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ozel"> C. Ozel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Terzi"> F. Terzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Yaman"> O. Yaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current research is targeting new molecular mechanisms that underlie non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Forty New Zealand White rabbits have been used and fed a high protein (HP) and energy diet based on grains and containing 11.76 MJ/kg. Boron added to 3 experimental groups’ drinking waters (30 mg boron/L) as boron compounds. Biochemical analysis including boron levels, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics evaluation, and mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family was performed. LDLcholesterol concentrations alone were decreased in all the experimental groups. Boron levels in serum and feces were increased. Content of acetate was in about 2x higher for anhydrous borax group, at least 3x higher for boric acid group. PPARα mRNA expression was significantly decreased in boric acid group. Anhydrous borax attenuated mRNA levels of PPARγ, which was further suppressed by boric acid. Boron supplementation decreased the degenerative alterations in hepatocytes. Except borax group other boron groups did not have a pronounced change in tubular epithels of kidney. In conclusion, high protein and energy diet leads hepatocytes’ degenerative changes which can be prevented by boron supplementation. Boric acid seems to be more effective in this situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20protein%20and%20energy%20diet" title="High protein and energy diet">High protein and energy diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boron" title=" boron"> boron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metabolomic" title=" metabolomic"> metabolomic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transcriptomic." title=" transcriptomic."> transcriptomic.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/effects-of-boron-compounds-in-rabbits-fed-high-protein-and-energy-diet-a-metabolomic-and-transcriptomic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1997</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">755</span> The Effects of Yield and Yield Components of Some Quality Increase Applications on Razakı Grape Variety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C5%9Eehri%20%C3%87%C4%B1nar">Şehri Çınar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayd%C4%B1n%20Ak%C4%B1n"> Aydın Akın</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was conducted Razakı grape variety (Vitis vinifera L.) and its vine which was aged 19 was grown on 5 BB rootstock in a vegetation period of 2014 in Afyon province in Turkey. In this research, it was investigated whether the applications of Control (C), 1/3 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/3 CTR), Shoot Tip Reduction (STR), 1/3 CTR + STR, Boric Acid (BA), 1/3 CTR + BA, STR + BA, 1/3 CTR + STR + BA on yield and yield components of Razakı grape variety. The results were obtained as the highest fresh grape yield (7.74 kg/vine) with C application; as the highest cluster weight (244.62 g) with STR application; as the highest 100 berry weight (504.08 g) with C application; as the highest maturity index (36.89) with BA application; as the highest must yield (695.00 ml) with BA and (695.00 ml) with 1/3 CTR + STR + BA applications; as the highest intensity of L* color (46.93) with STR and (46.10) with 1/3 CTR + STR + BA applications; as the highest intensity of a* color (-5.37) with 1/3 CTR + STR and (-5.01) with STR, as the highest intensity of b* color (12.59) with STR application. The shoot tip reduction to increase cluster weight and boric acid application to increase maturity index of Razakı grape variety can be recommended.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Razak%C4%B1" title="Razakı">Razakı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1%2F3%20cluster%20tip%20reduction" title=" 1/3 cluster tip reduction"> 1/3 cluster tip reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shoot%20tip%20reduction" title=" shoot tip reduction"> shoot tip reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boric%20acid" title=" boric acid"> boric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield%20and%20yield%20components." title=" yield and yield components."> yield and yield components.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/the-effects-of-yield-and-yield-components-of-some-quality-increase-applications-on-razaki-grape-variety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">754</span> Swelling Behavior and Cytotoxicity of Maleic Acid Grafted Chitosan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sevil%20Yucel">Sevil Yucel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zafer%20Omer%20Ozdemir"> Zafer Omer Ozdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cem%20Kesgin"> Cem Kesgin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pinar%20Terzioglu"> Pinar Terzioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simten%20Unlu"> Simten Unlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yagmur%20Erdogan"> Yagmur Erdogan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kubra%20Pusat"> Kubra Pusat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chitosan is an attractive polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of an abundant natural biopolymer called chitin. Chitin and chitosan are excellent materials. To improve the potential of chitin and chitosan modification is needed. In the present study, grafting of maleic acid on to chitosan by cerium ammonium nitrate in acetic acid solution was investigated with use of a microwave and reflux system. The grafted chitosan was characterized by using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The solubility and swelling behavior of grafted chitosans were determined in acetate buffer (pH 3.6), citrophosphate buffer (pH 5.6 and pH 7.0), and boric buffer (pH 9.2) solutions. The sample obtained by microwave system with use of a chitosan/maleic anhydride/ceric ammonium nitrate 0.2/3.922/0.99 gram of raw material within 30 minute showed the maximum swelling ratio (13.6) in boric buffer solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chitosan" title="Chitosan">Chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=grafted" title=" grafted"> grafted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=maleic%20acid" title=" maleic acid"> maleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=swell." title=" swell."> swell.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/swelling-behavior-and-cytotoxicity-of-maleic-acid-grafted-chitosan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">753</span> Determination of the Zinc Oxide and Boric Acid Optimum Molar Ratio on the Ultrasonic Synthesis of Zinc Borates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ersan">A. Ersan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yildirim"> M. Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20M.%20Erayvaz"> A. M. Erayvaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20M.%20Derun"> E. M. Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul"> N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc borates are used as a multi-functional flame retardant additive for its high dehydration temperature. In this study, the method of ultrasonic mixing was used in the synthesis of zinc borates. The reactants of zinc oxide (ZnO) and boric acid (H3BO3) were used at the constant reaction parameters of 90°C reaction temperature and 55 min of reaction time. Several molar ratios of ZnO:H3BO3 (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) were conducted for the determination of the optimum reaction ratio. Prior to synthesis the characterization of the synthesized zinc borates were made by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the results Zinc Oxide Borate Hydrate [Zn3B6O12.3.5H2O], were synthesized optimum at the molar ratio of 1:3, with a reaction efficiency of 95.2%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zinc%20borates" title="Zinc borates">Zinc borates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultrasonic%20mixing" title=" ultrasonic mixing"> ultrasonic mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FT-IR" title=" FT-IR"> FT-IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reaction%20efficiency." title=" reaction efficiency."> reaction efficiency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/determination-of-the-zinc-oxide-and-boric-acid-optimum-molar-ratio-on-the-ultrasonic-synthesis-of-zinc-borates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1941</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">752</span> Synthesis of Magnesium Borates from the Slurries of Magnesium Wastes by Microwave Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul">N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak%20E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> A. S. Kipcak E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this research, it is aimed not only microwave synthesis of magnesium borates but also evaluation of magnesium wastes. Synthesis process can be described with the reaction of Mg wastes and boric acid using microwave energy. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to synthesized minerals. According to XRD results, magnesium borate hydrate mixtures were obtained as mcallisterite (pdf# = 01-070-1902, Mg<sub>2</sub>(B<sub>6</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.9(H<sub>2</sub>O)) at higher crystallinity properties was achieved at the mole ratio raw material 1:1. Also, other kinds of magnesium borate hydrates were obtained at lower crystallinity such as admontite (pdf # = 01-076-0540, MgO(B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.7(H<sub>2</sub>O)), inderite (pdf # = 01-072-2308, 2MgO.3B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.15(H<sub>2</sub>O)) and magnesium borate hydrates (pdf # = 01-076-0539, MgO(B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.6(H<sub>2</sub>O)). FT-IR spectrums indicated that minor changes were seen at the band values of characteristic stretching in each experiment. At the end of experiments it is seen that using microwave energy may contribute positive effects to design of synthesis process such as reducing reaction time and products at higher crystallinity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnesium%20wastes" title="Magnesium wastes">Magnesium wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boric%20acid" title=" boric acid"> boric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%20borate" title=" magnesium borate"> magnesium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microwave%20energy." title=" microwave energy. "> microwave energy. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/synthesis-of-magnesium-borates-from-the-slurries-of-magnesium-wastes-by-microwave-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">751</span> Zinc Borate Synthesis Using Hydrozincite and Boric Acid with Ultrasonic Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20S.%20Vardar">D. S. Vardar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20M.%20Derun"> E. M. Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul"> N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc borate is an important inorganic hydrate borate material, which can be used as a flame retardant agent and corrosion resistance material. This compound can loss its structural water content at higher than 290°C. Due to thermal stability; Zinc Borate can be used as flame retardant at high temperature process of plastic and gum. In this study, the ultrasonic reaction of zinc borates were studied using hydrozincite (Zn5(CO3)2·(OH)6) and boric acid (H3BO3) raw materials. Before the synthesis raw materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Ultrasonic method is a new application on the zinc borate synthesis. The synthesis parameters were set to 90°C reaction temperature and 55 minutes of reaction time, with 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 molar ratio of starting materials (Zn5(CO3)2·(OH)6 : H3BO3). After the zinc borate synthesis, the products were analyzed by XRD and FT-IR. As a result, optimum molar ratio of 1:5 is determined for the synthesis of zinc borates with ultrasonic method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Borate" title="Borate">Borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultrasonic%20method" title=" ultrasonic method"> ultrasonic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zinc%20borate" title=" zinc borate"> zinc borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zinc%20borate%0D%0Asynthesis." title=" zinc borate synthesis."> zinc borate synthesis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/zinc-borate-synthesis-using-hydrozincite-and-boric-acid-with-ultrasonic-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2064</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">750</span> The Determination of the Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Hydroxide and Boric Acid Molar Ratio in the Synthesis of Potassium Borates via Hydrothermal Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yildirim">M. Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20O.%20Asensio"> M. O. Asensio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20M.%20Derun"> E. M. Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potassium borates, which are widely used in welding and metal refining industry, as a lubricating oil additive, cement additive, fiberglass additive and insulation compound, are one of the important groups of borate minerals. In this study the production of a potassium borate mineral via hydrothermal method is aimed. The potassium source of potassium nitrate (KNO3) was used along with a sodium source of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and boron source of boric acid (H3BO3). The constant parameters of reaction temperature and reaction time were determined as 80°C and 1 h, respectively. The molar ratios of 1:1:3 (as KNO3:NaOH:H3BO3), 1:1:4, 1:1:5, 1:1:6 and 1:1:7 were used. Following the synthesis the identifications of the produced products were conducted by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman Spectroscopy. The results of the experiments and analysis showed in the ratio of 1:1:6, the Santite mineral with powder diffraction file number (pdf no.) of 01-072-1688, which is known as potassium pentaborate (KB5O8·4H2O) was synthesized as best. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">Hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potassium%20borate" title=" potassium borate"> potassium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potassium%20nitrate" title=" potassium nitrate"> potassium nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=santite." title=" santite."> santite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/the-determination-of-the-potassium-nitrate-sodium-hydroxide-and-boric-acid-molar-ratio-in-the-synthesis-of-potassium-borates-via-hydrothermal-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">749</span> The Effect of Parameters on Productions of NiO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 Composite Nanofibers by Using Sol-Gel Processing and Electrospinning Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatih%20Sevim">Fatih Sevim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emel%20Sevimli"> Emel Sevimli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatih%20Demir"> Fatih Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Turan%20%C3%87alban"> Turan Çalban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Nanofibers of PVA /nickel nitrate/silica/alumina izopropoxide/boric acid composite were prepared by using sol-gel processing and electrospinning technique. By high temperature calcinations of the above precursor fibers, nanofibers of NiO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 composite with diameters about 500 nm could be successfully obtained. The fibers were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nanofibers" title="Nanofibers">Nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ceramics%20composite" title=" ceramics composite"> ceramics composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sol-gel%20processing" title=" sol-gel processing"> sol-gel processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electrospinning." title=" electrospinning."> electrospinning.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/the-effect-of-parameters-on-productions-of-nioal2o3b2o3sio2-composite-nanofibers-by-using-sol-gel-processing-and-electrospinning-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2059</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">748</span> Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Composition in Mene maculata in The Sea of Maluku</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semuel%20Unwakoly">Semuel Unwakoly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reinner%20Puppela"> Reinner Puppela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maresthy%20Rumalean"> Maresthy Rumalean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Healthy%20Kainama"> Healthy Kainama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fish is a kind of food that contains many nutritions, one of those is the long chain of unsaturated fatty acids as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and essential amino acid in enough amount for the necessity of our body. Like pelagic fish that found in the sea of Maluku. This research was done to identify fatty acids and amino acids composition in Moonfish (<em>M. maculata</em>) using transesterification reaction steps and Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result showed that fatty acids composition in Moonfish (<em>M. maculata</em>) contained tridecanoic acid (2.84%); palmitoleic acid (2.65%); palmitic acid (35.24%); oleic acid (6.2%); stearic acid (14.20%); and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (1.29%) and 12 amino acids composition that consist of 7 essential amino acids, were leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, and histidine, and also 5 non-essential amino acid, were tyrosine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, and arginine.Thus, these fishes can be used by the people to complete the necessity of essential fatty acid and amino acid.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moonfish%20%28M.%20maculata%29" title="Moonfish (M. maculata)">Moonfish (M. maculata)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=amino%20acid" title=" amino acid"> amino acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HPLC." title=" HPLC."> HPLC.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/fatty-acid-and-amino-acid-composition-in-mene-maculata-in-the-sea-of-maluku" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">909</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">747</span> Pioneer Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Containing Hard Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20%C3%87elik%20G%C3%BCl">G. Çelik Gül</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Kurtulu%C5%9F"> F. Kurtuluş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first laboratory synthesis of hard materials such as diamond proceeded to attack of developing materials with high hardness to compete diamond. Boron rich solids are good candidates owing to their short interatomic bond lengths and strong covalent character. Boron containing hard material was synthesized by modifiedmicrowave method under nitrogen atmosphere by using a fuel (glycine or urea), amorphous boron and/or boric acid in appropriate molar ratio. Characterizations were done by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analyze (SEM/EDS), thermo gravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boron%20containing%20materials" title="Boron containing materials">Boron containing materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hard%20materials" title=" hard materials"> hard materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microwave%20synthesis" title=" microwave synthesis"> microwave synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=powder%20X-ray%20diffraction." title=" powder X-ray diffraction."> powder X-ray diffraction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/pioneer-synthesis-and-characterization-of-boron-containing-hard-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">746</span> High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Urinary Hippuric Acid and Benzoic Acid as Indices for Glue Sniffer Urine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Rahim%20Yacob">Abdul Rahim Yacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Raizul%20Zinalibdin"> Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple method for the simultaneous determination of hippuric acid and benzoic acid in urine using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was described. Chromatography was performed on a Nova-Pak C18 (3.9 x 150 mm) column with a mobile phase of mixed solution methanol: water: acetic acid (20:80:0.2) and UV detection at 254 nm. The calibration curve was linear within concentration range at 0.125 to 6.0 mg/ml of hippuric acid and benzoic acid. The recovery, accuracy and coefficient variance of hippuric acid were 104.54%, 0.2% and 0.2% respectively and for benzoic acid were 98.48%, 1.25% and 0.60% respectively. The detection limit of this method was 0.01ng/l for hippuric acid and 0.06ng/l for benzoic acid. This method has been applied to the analysis of urine samples from the suspected of toluene abuser or glue sniffer among secondary school students at Johor Bahru. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Glue%20sniffer" title="Glue sniffer">Glue sniffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20Performance%20LiquidChromatography" title=" High Performance LiquidChromatography"> High Performance LiquidChromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hippuric%20Acid" title=" Hippuric Acid"> Hippuric Acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Toluene" title=" Toluene"> Toluene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Urine." title=" Urine."> Urine.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/high-performance-liquid-chromatography-determination-of-urinary-hippuric-acid-and-benzoic-acid-as-indices-for-glue-sniffer-urine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">745</span> The Effect of the Reaction Time on the Microwave Synthesis of Magnesium Borates from MgCl2.6H2O, MgO and H3BO3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun">E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Gurses"> P. Gurses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yildirim"> M. Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Ibroska"> T. Ibroska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Due to their strong mechanical and thermal properties magnesium borates have a wide usage area such as ceramic industry, detergent production, friction reducing additive and grease production. In this study, microwave synthesis of magnesium borates from MgCl<sub>2</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O (Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), MgO (Magnesium oxide) and H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> (Boric acid) for different reaction times is researched. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy are used to find out how the reaction time sways on the products. The superficial properties are investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to XRD analysis, the synthesized compounds are 00-041-1407 pdf coded Shabinite (Mg<sub>5</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>5</sub>.4(H<sub>2</sub>O)) and 01-073-2158 pdf coded Karlite (Mg<sub>7</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH,Cl)<sub>5</sub>).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnesium%20borate" title="Magnesium borate">Magnesium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microwave%20synthesis" title=" microwave synthesis"> microwave synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SEM." title=" SEM. "> SEM. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/the-effect-of-the-reaction-time-on-the-microwave-synthesis-of-magnesium-borates-from-mgcl26h2o-mgo-and-h3bo3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2693</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">744</span> Mathematical Simulation of Acid Concentration Effects during Acid Nitric Leaching of Cobalt from a Mixed Cobalt-Copper Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ek%20Ngoy">Ek Ngoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A%20F%20Mulaba-Bafubiandi"> A F Mulaba-Bafubiandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cobalt was acid nitric leached from a mixed cobaltcopper oxide with variable acid concentration. Resulting experimental data were used to analyze effects of increase in acid concentration, based on a shrinking core model of the process. The mathematical simulation demonstrated that the time rate of the dissolution mechanism is an increasing function of acid concentration. It was also shown that the magnitude of the acid concentration effect is time dependent and the increase in acid concentration is more effective at earlier stage of the dissolution than at later stage. The remaining process parameters are comprehensively affected by acid concentration and their interaction is synergetic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acid%20effect" title="Acid effect">Acid effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cobalt" title=" Cobalt"> Cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cobalt-copper%20oxide" title=" Cobalt-copper oxide"> Cobalt-copper oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leaching" title=" Leaching"> Leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simulation" title=" Simulation"> Simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/mathematical-simulation-of-acid-concentration-effects-during-acid-nitric-leaching-of-cobalt-from-a-mixed-cobalt-copper-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1845</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">743</span> The Determination of the Zinc Sulfate, Sodium Hydroxide and Boric Acid Molar Ratio on the Production of Zinc Borates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul">N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20MoroydorDerun"> E. MoroydorDerun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Zinc borate is an important boron compound that can be used as multi-functional flame retardant additive due to its high dehydration temperature property. In this study, theraw materials of ZnSO<sub>4</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O, NaOH and H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>werecharacterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and used in the synthesis of zinc borates.The synthesis parameters were set to 100°C reaction temperature and 120 minutes of reaction time, with different molar ratio of starting materials (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O:NaOH:H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>). After the zinc borate synthesis, the identifications of the products were conducted by XRD and FT-IR. As a result,Zinc Oxide Borate Hydrate [Zn<sub>3</sub>B<sub>6</sub>O<sub>12</sub>.3.5H<sub>2</sub>O], were synthesized at the molar ratios of 1:1:3, 1:1:4, 1:2:5 and 1:2:6. Among these ratios 1:2:6 had the best results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zinc%20borate" title="Zinc borate">Zinc borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnSO4.7H2O" title=" ZnSO4.7H2O"> ZnSO4.7H2O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NaOH" title=" NaOH"> NaOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H3BO3" title=" H3BO3"> H3BO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FT-IR." title=" FT-IR."> FT-IR.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/the-determination-of-the-zinc-sulfate-sodium-hydroxide-and-boric-acid-molar-ratio-on-the-production-of-zinc-borates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3822</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">742</span> Gluability of Bambusa balcooa and Bambusa vulgaris for Development of Laminated Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daisy%20Biswas">Daisy Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samar%20Kanti%20Bose"> Samar Kanti Bose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Mozaffar%20Hossain"> M. Mozaffar Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of value added composite products from bamboo with the application of gluing technology can play a vital role in economic development and also in forest resource conservation of any country. In this study, the gluability of <em>Bambusa balcooa</em> and <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em>, two locally grown bamboo species of Bangladesh was assessed. As the culm wall thickness of bamboos decreases from bottom to top, a culm portion of up to 5.4 m and 3.6 m were used from the base of <em>B. balcooa</em> and <em>B.</em> <em>vulgaris</em>, respectively, to get rectangular strips of uniform thickness. The color of the <em>B. vulgaris </em>strips was yellowish brown and that of <em>B. balcooa</em> was reddish brown. The strips were treated in borax-boric, bleaching and carbonization for extending the service life of the laminates. The preservative treatments changed the color of the strips. Borax–boric acid treated strips were reddish brown. When bleached with hydrogen peroxide, the color of the strips turned into whitish yellow. Carbonization produced dark brownish strips having coffee flavor. Chemical constituents for untreated and treated strips were determined. <em>B.</em> <em>vulgaris</em> was more acidic than <em>B. balcooa</em>. Then the treated strips were used to develop three-layered bamboo laminated panel. Urea formaldehyde (UF) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) were used as binder. The shear strength and abrasive resistance of the panel were evaluated. It was found that the shear strength of the UF-panel was higher than the PVA-panel for all treatments. Between the species, gluability of <em>B. vulgaris </em>was better and in some cases better than hardwood species<em>. </em>The abrasive resistance of <em>B. balcooa</em> is slightly higher than <em>B. vulgaris; </em>however, the latter was preferred as it showed well gluability. The panels could be used as structural panel, floor tiles, flat pack furniture component, and wall panel etc. However, further research on durability and creep behavior of the product in service condition is warranted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bambusa%20balcooa" title="Bambusa balcooa">Bambusa balcooa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bambusa%20vulgaris" title=" Bambusa vulgaris"> Bambusa vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polyvinyl%20acetate" title=" polyvinyl acetate"> polyvinyl acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=urea%20formaldehyde." title=" urea formaldehyde."> urea formaldehyde.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/gluability-of-bambusa-balcooa-and-bambusa-vulgaris-for-development-of-laminated-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">741</span> Evaluation of SSR Markers Associated with High Oleic Acid in Sunflower </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atitaya%20Singchai">Atitaya Singchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nooduan%20Muangsan"> Nooduan Muangsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thitiporn%20Machikowa"> Thitiporn Machikowa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sunflower oil with high oleic acid content is most desirable because of its high oxidative stability. Screening sunflower of high oleic acid using conventional method is laborious and time consuming. Therefore, the use of molecular markers as a screening tool is promising. The objective of this research was to evaluate SSR primers for high oleic acid content in sunflower. Two sunflower lines, 5A and PI 649855 were used as the representative of low and high oleic acid sunflowers, respectively, and thirty seven SSR markers were used to identify oleic acid content trait. The results revealing 10 SSR primers showed polymorphic between high and low oleic acid lines and thus were informative. With these primers, therefore, it is possible to identify the genetic markers associated with high oleic acid trait in sunflower genotypes. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microsatellite" title="Microsatellite">Microsatellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helianthus%20annuus%20L." title=" Helianthus annuus L."> Helianthus annuus L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatty%20acid%20composition" title=" fatty acid composition"> fatty acid composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=molecular%20markers." title=" molecular markers."> molecular markers.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/evaluation-of-ssr-markers-associated-with-high-oleic-acid-in-sunflower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">740</span> The Effect of Solution Density on the Synthesis of Magnesium Borate from Boron-Gypsum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul">N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Sariburun"> E. Sariburun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Boron-gypsum is a waste which occurs in the boric acid production process. In this study, the boron content of this waste is evaluated for the use in synthesis of magnesium borates and such evaluation of this kind of waste is useful more than storage or disposal. Magnesium borates, which are a sub-class of boron minerals, are useful additive materials for the industries due to their remarkable thermal and mechanical properties. Magnesium borates were obtained hydrothermally at different temperatures. Novelty of this study is the search of the solution density effects to magnesium borate synthesis process for the increasing the possibility of borongypsum usage as a raw material. After the synthesis process, products are subjected to XRD and FT-IR to identify and characterize their crystal structure, respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boron-gypsum" title="Boron-gypsum">Boron-gypsum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal%20synthesis" title=" hydrothermal synthesis"> hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%0D%0Aborate" title=" magnesium borate"> magnesium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solution%20density." title=" solution density."> solution density.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/the-effect-of-solution-density-on-the-synthesis-of-magnesium-borate-from-boron-gypsum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">739</span> The Catalytic Properties of PtSn/Al2O3 for Acetic Acid Hydrogenation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mingchuan%20Zhou">Mingchuan Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hongfang%20Ma"> Hongfang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Alumina supported platinum and tin catalysts with different loadings of Pt and Sn were prepared and characterized by low temperature N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption, H<sub>2</sub>-temperature programed reduction and CO pulse chemisorption. Pt and Sn below 1% loading were suitable for acetic acid hydrogenation. The best performance over 0.75Pt1Sn/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can reach 87.55% conversion of acetic acid and 47.39% selectivity of ethanol. The operating conditions of acetic acid hydrogenation over 1Pt1Sn/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were investigated. High reaction temperature can enhance the conversion of acetic acid, but it decreased total selectivity of ethanol and acetyl acetate. High pressure and low weight hourly space velocity were beneficial to both conversion of acetic acid and selectivity to ethanol.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acetic%20acid" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrogenation" title=" hydrogenation"> hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PtSn" title=" PtSn"> PtSn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=operating%20condition." title=" operating condition. "> operating condition. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/the-catalytic-properties-of-ptsnal2o3-for-acetic-acid-hydrogenation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">738</span> A Comparison of Dilute Sulfuric and Phosphoric Acid Pretreatments in Biofuel Production from Corncobs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jirakarn%20Nantapipat">Jirakarn Nantapipat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Apanee%20Luengnaruemitchai"> Apanee Luengnaruemitchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sujitra%20Wongkasemjit"> Sujitra Wongkasemjit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biofuels, like biobutanol, have been recognized for being renewable and sustainable fuels which can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass. To convert lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel, pretreatment process is an important step to remove hemicelluloses and lignin to improve enzymatic hydrolysis. Dilute acid pretreatment has been successful developed for pretreatment of corncobs and the optimum conditions of dilute sulfuric and phosphoric acid pretreatment were obtained at 120 °C for 5 min with 15:1 liquid to solid ratio and 140 °C for 10 min with 10:1 liquid to solid ratio, respectively. The result shows that both of acid pretreatments gave the content of total sugar approximately 34–35 g/l. In case of inhibitor content (furfural), phosphoric acid pretreatment gives higher than sulfuric acid pretreatment. Characterizations of corncobs after pretreatment indicate that both of acid pretreatments can improve enzymatic accessibility and the better results present in corncobs pretreated with sulfuric acid in term of surface area, crystallinity, and composition analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Corncobs" title="Corncobs">Corncobs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pretreatment" title=" Pretreatment"> Pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sulfuric%20acid" title=" Sulfuric acid"> Sulfuric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phosphoric%0Aacid." title=" Phosphoric acid."> Phosphoric acid.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/a-comparison-of-dilute-sulfuric-and-phosphoric-acid-pretreatments-in-biofuel-production-from-corncobs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">737</span> Optimization of Diluted Organic Acid Pretreatment on Rice Straw Using Response Surface Methodology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rotchanaphan%20Hengaroonprasan">Rotchanaphan Hengaroonprasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malinee%20Sriariyanun"> Malinee Sriariyanun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prapakorn%20Tantayotai"> Prapakorn Tantayotai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Supacharee%20Roddecha"> Supacharee Roddecha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kraipat%20Cheenkachorn"> Kraipat Cheenkachorn </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Lignocellolusic material is a substance that is resistant to be degraded by microorganisms or hydrolysis enzymes. To be used as materials for biofuel production, it needs pretreatment process to improve efficiency of hydrolysis. In this work, chemical pretreatments on rice straw using three diluted organic acids, including acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, were optimized. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the effect of three pretreatment parameters, acid concentration, treatment time, and reaction temperature, on pretreatment efficiency were statistically evaluated. The results indicated that dilute oxalic acid pretreatment led to the highest enhancement of enzymatic saccharification by commercial cellulase and yielded sugar up to 10.67 mg/ml when using 5.04% oxalic acid at 137.11 oC for 30.01 min. Compared to other acid pretreatment by acetic acid, citric acid, and hydrochloric acid, the maximum sugar yields are 7.07, 6.30, and 8.53 mg/ml, respectively. Here, it was demonstrated that organic acids can be used for pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials to enhance of hydrolysis process, which could be integrated to other applications for various biorefinery processes. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lignocellolusic%20biomass" title="Lignocellolusic biomass">Lignocellolusic biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pretreatment" title=" pretreatment"> pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organic%20acid%0D%0Aresponse%20surface%20methodology" title=" organic acid response surface methodology"> organic acid response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biorefinery." title=" biorefinery."> biorefinery.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/optimization-of-diluted-organic-acid-pretreatment-on-rice-straw-using-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">736</span> Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasses for Lactic Acid Production by acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation using Lactobacillus sp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Woranart%20Jonglertjunya">Woranart Jonglertjunya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nattawadee%20Pranrawang"> Nattawadee Pranrawang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nuanyai%20Phookongka"> Nuanyai Phookongka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanasak%20Sridangtip"> Thanasak Sridangtip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Watthana%20Sawedrungreang">Watthana Sawedrungreang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chularat%20Krongtaew"> Chularat Krongtaew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sugarcane bagasses are one of the most extensively used agricultural residues. Using acid hydrolysis and fermentation, conversion of sugarcane bagasses to lactic acid was technically and economically feasible. This research was concerned with the solubility of lignin in ammonium hydroxide, acid hydrolysis and lactic acid fermentation by Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei. The lignin extraction results for different ammonium hydroxide concentrations showed that 10 % (v/v) NH4OH was favorable to lignin dissolution. Acid hydrolysis can be enhanced with increasing acid concentration and reaction temperature. The optimum glucose and xylose concentrations occurred at 121 ○C for 1 hour hydrolysis time in 10% sulphuric acid solution were 32 and 11 g/l, respectively. In order to investigate the significance of medium composition on lactic acid production, experiments were undertaken whereby a culture of Lactococcus lactis was grown under various glucose, peptone, yeast extract and xylose concentrations. The optimum medium was composed of 5 g/l glucose, 2.5 g/l xylose, 10 g/l peptone and 5 g/l yeast extract. Lactococcus lactis represents the most efficient for lactic acid production amongst those considered. The lactic acid fermentation by Lactococcus lactis after 72 hours gave the highest yield of 1.4 (g lactic acid per g reducing sugar).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sugarcane%20bagasses" title="sugarcane bagasses">sugarcane bagasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=acid%20hydrolysis" title=" acid hydrolysis"> acid hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lactic%20acid" title=" lactic acid"> lactic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/utilization-of-sugarcane-bagasses-for-lactic-acid-production-by-acid-hydrolysis-and-fermentation-using-lactobacillus-sp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">735</span> Dissolution Leaching Kinetics of Ulexite in Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emine%20Teke">Emine Teke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soner%20Ku%C5%9Flu"> Soner Kuşlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sabri%20%C3%87olak"> Sabri Çolak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Turan%20%C3%87alban"> Turan Çalban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was to investigate the dissolution kinetics of ulexite in sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a mechanical agitation system and also to declare an alternative reactant to produce the boric acid. Reaction temperature, concentration of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring speed, solid-liquid ratio, and ulexite particle size were selected as parameters. The experimental results were successfully correlated by using linear regression and a statistical program. Dissolution curves were evaluated in order to test the shrinking core models for solid-fluid systems. It was observed that increase in the reaction temperature and decrease in the solid/liquid ratio causes an increase in the dissolution rate of ulexite. The activation energy was found to be 36.4 kJ/mol. The leaching of ulexite was controlled by diffusion through the ash (or product) layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sodium%20dihydrogen%20phosphate" title="Sodium dihydrogen phosphate">Sodium dihydrogen phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=leaching%20kinetics" title=" leaching kinetics"> leaching kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ulexite." title=" ulexite. "> ulexite. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/dissolution-leaching-kinetics-of-ulexite-in-sodium-dihydrogen-phosphate-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">734</span> Hydrolytic Properties of Ellagic Acid in Commercial Pomegranate Juices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sibel%20Uzuner">Sibel Uzuner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jale%20Acar"> Jale Acar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pomegranate and pomegranate juices (PJs) have taken great attention for their health benefits in the last years. As there is an increasing concern about potential health benefits of ellagic acid, it is of great interest to evaluate alterations in ellagic acid concentration of commercial PJs. The purpose of this study is to analyze total phenolic, free and total ellagic acid content of six commercial PJs sold in Turkish markets using HPLC. The results showed that some commercial PJs had markedly high total phenolic and ellagic acid content. Total phenolic substances of commercial PJs range from 796.71 to 4608.91 mg GAE/l. Free amount of ellagic acid in commercial PJs range from 27.64 to 111.78 mg/l. Samples are hydrolyzed with concentrated HCl at 93oC for 2 and 24 hour and influences of temperature and time parameters on hydrolization were investigated. Thermal processing for pasteurization increased ellagic acid via ellagitannins hydrolysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ellagic%20acid" title="Ellagic acid">Ellagic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ellagitannin" title=" ellagitannin"> ellagitannin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pomegranate%20juice" title=" pomegranate juice"> pomegranate juice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=total%0Aphenolic%20compounds" title=" total phenolic compounds"> total phenolic compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/hydrolytic-properties-of-ellagic-acid-in-commercial-pomegranate-juices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">733</span> Inhibitory Effect of Lactic Acid and Nisin on Bacterial Spoilage of Chilled Shrimp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20R.%20Shirazinejad">A. R. Shirazinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Noryati"> I. Noryati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Rosma"> A. Rosma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Darah"> I. Darah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lactic acid alone and its combined application with nisin were evaluated for reducing population of naturally occurring microorganisms on chilled shrimp. Fresh shrimps were dipped in 0, 1.0% and 2.0% (v/v) lactic acid alone and their combined application with 0.04 (g/L/kg) nisin solution for 10 min. Total plate counts of aerobic bacteria (TPCs), Psychrotrophic counts, population of Pseudomonas spp., H2S producing bacteria and Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on shrimps were determined during storage at 4 °C. The results indicated that total plate counts were 2.91 and 2.63 log CFU/g higher on untreated shrimps after 7 and 14 days of storage, respectively, than on shrimps treated with 2.0% lactic acid combined with 0.04 (g/L/kg) nisin. Both concentrations of lactic acid indicated significant reduction on Pseudomonas counts during storage, while 2.0% lactic acid combined with nisin indicated the highest reduction. In addition, H2S producing bacteria were more sensitive to high concentration of lactic acid combined with nisin during storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lactic%20acid" title=" lactic acid"> lactic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nisin" title=" nisin"> nisin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spoilage%20bacteria" title=" spoilage bacteria"> spoilage bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/inhibitory-effect-of-lactic-acid-and-nisin-on-bacterial-spoilage-of-chilled-shrimp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">732</span> Analysis of the Supramolecular Complex of Kinetin with Glycyrrhizic Acid Using the Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Y.%20Matmuratov">B. Y. Matmuratov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20D.%20Madrakhimova.%20R.%20S.%20Esanov.%20A.%20D.%20Matchanov"> S. D. Madrakhimova. R. S. Esanov. A. D. Matchanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Supramolecular complexes of glycyrrhizic acid with kinetin in various molar ratios were obtained, physico-chemical parameters and spectral properties of the resulting complexes were studied (UV, IR, mass spectrometry.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Monoammonium%20salt%20of%20glycyrrhizic%20acid" title="Monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid">Monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=glycyrrhizic%20acid" title=" glycyrrhizic acid"> glycyrrhizic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=supramolecular%20complex" title=" supramolecular complex"> supramolecular complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=isomolar%20series" title=" isomolar series"> isomolar series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IR%20spectroscopy." title=" IR spectroscopy."> IR spectroscopy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/analysis-of-the-supramolecular-complex-of-kinetin-with-glycyrrhizic-acid-using-the-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">731</span> Solid-State Bioconversion of Pineapple Residues into Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus: A Prospective Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Nurashikin">S. Nurashikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Z.%20Rusley"> E. Z. Rusley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Husaini"> A. Husaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Kojic acid is an organic acid that is widely used as an ingredient for dermatological products, precursor for flavor enhancer and also as anti-inflammatory drug. The present study was undertaken to test the feasibility of pineapple residues as substrate for kojic acid production by <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> Link 44-1 via solid-state fermentation. The effect of initial moisture content, pH and incubation time on kojic acid fermentation was investigated. The best initial moisture content for kojic acid production from pineapple residues was observed at 70% (v/w) whereas initial culture pH 2.5 was identified to give high production of kojic acid. The optimal range of incubation time was identified between 8 and 14 days of incubation which corresponded to highest range of kojic acid produced. The results from this study pronounce the promising usability of pineapple residues as alternative substrate for kojic acid production by <em>A. flavus</em> Link 44-1.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aspergillus%20flavus" title="Aspergillus flavus">Aspergillus flavus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kojic%20acid" title=" kojic acid"> kojic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pineapple%20residues" title=" pineapple residues"> pineapple residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20state%20fermentation." title=" solid state fermentation. "> solid state fermentation. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16630/solid-state-bioconversion-of-pineapple-residues-into-kojic-acid-by-aspergillus-flavus-a-prospective-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16630/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16630/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16630/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16630/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16630/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16630/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a 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