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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisheries,_hunting,_trapping_and_fur_farming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fisheries, hunting, trapping and fur farming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisheries,_hunting,_trapping_and_fur_farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Government involvement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:;padding:0;"><caption class="infobox-title adr">Economy of <span class="country-name">Saskatchewan</span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C$82,780 million (2014) C$64,323 million (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />C$51,628 million (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />C$45,909 million (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />C$40,077 million (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">C$75,232 (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">External</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Export goods</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Cereals, fertilizers, mineral fuels, oilseeds, pulp and paper, meat and meat products, and uranium.<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasOfSk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasOfSk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main export partners</div></th><td class="infobox-data">US (C$5,447 million), Japan (C$750 million ), China (C$447 million) 1997<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasOfSk_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasOfSk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:lightblue;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em;padding:0.2em;"> <i>All values, unless otherwise stated, are in <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>economy of <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></b> has been associated with <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> resulting in the moniker "Bread Basket of Canada"<sup id="cite_ref-Giannetta_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giannetta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bread Basket of the World.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Government of Saskatchewan, approximately 95% of all items produced in Saskatchewan, depend on the basic resources available within the province. Various grains, livestock, oil and gas, potash, uranium, wood and their spin off industries fuel the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-GofS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GofS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017, Saskatchewan's GDP was approximately C$79.513 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dominion Lands Act was passed in 1872 to encourage an agricultural settlement for a united British North America.<sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The completion of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">train</a> link between eastern Canada through the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Assiniboia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Assiniboia">District of Assiniboia</a> in 1885, the development of the high-yielding and early-maturing Marquis strain of wheat and establishment of an import market in the United Kingdom supplied the first impetus for economic development and supported population settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-esask.uregina.ca_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esask.uregina.ca-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> had a positive impact on Saskatchewan agriculture. The enlistment quota from Saskatchewan to the Canadian Expeditionary Force as the pre-requisite was for British subjects, and several ethnic bloc settlements were immigrants from Europe. There was a need for food production to be maintained, and farmers were exempt from conscription as well. The allies need for wheat production increased, and farm wages doubled. Following the war, the Soldier Settlement Act of 1917 established service men with agricultural land.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saskatchewan's population peaked in 1936 at 931,200 people.<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasOfSk_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasOfSk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Great Depression</i> combined the 1929 stock market crash with the drought years of the 1930s causing devastating effects on the economy of Saskatchewan. The per capita income between 1928 and 1933 dropped 72%. The drought years of 1928, 1931 through 1934 and again in 1937 hit hard following the recession and the lowered demand for wheat exports. The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration PFRA established a work relief program developing community pastures, water and irrigation projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Concise_historical_atlas_of_Canada_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Concise_historical_atlas_of_Canada-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 250,000 people left the provinces during the era of the <i>Dirty Thirties</i> when Saskatchewan became a virtual <i>dust bowl</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Great_Depression_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Great_Depression-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> also held Saskatchewan's economy back, as overseas markets for wheat were virtually eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_economy_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE_economy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saskatchewan agricultural land comprises 44% of the total Canadian farmland.<sup id="cite_ref-esask.uregina.ca_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esask.uregina.ca-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excluding a semi-arid area of the southwest used for <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a> the parkland and mixed prairie areas of the province are used for crop production, mixed farming and dairying. <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">Grain</a> farming dominates the parkland area. Saskatchewan usually produces about 54% of Canada's wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-Education_Canada_Network_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Education_Canada_Network-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast extensions of unbroken plain are well-suited to large-scale mechanized <a href="/wiki/Farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Farming">farming</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a> is the most familiar crop but other grains like <a href="/wiki/Canola" class="mw-redirect" title="Canola">canola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">mustard</a>, vegetable farms, forage seed, potatoes <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">rapeseed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">peas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentils</a>, canary seed, and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> are also grown.<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasOfSk_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasOfSk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specialty crop production sown in 1981 amounted to 136,000 to 2,474,000 hectares (340,000 to 6,110,000 acres) in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farm and agricultural component is still a significant part of the economy the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Wheat_Pool" title="Saskatchewan Wheat Pool">Saskatchewan Wheat Pool</a> (SWP), has been "the world's largest grain-handling co-operative".<sup id="cite_ref-thecanadianencyclopedia.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thecanadianencyclopedia.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SWP, now named Vittera, is no longer the major industrial component provincially ranking eighth largest.<sup id="cite_ref-Viterra_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viterra-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Meat_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat processing">Meat processing</a> is the largest industry here, followed by dairy production, breweries, and the subsidiary industry of agricultural implements.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> still has cattle ranching along the southwestern corner of the province. Mixed grain farming, dairy farms, mixed livestock and grazing lands dot the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saskatchewan#Floristic_geography_Terrain" title="Geography of Saskatchewan">central lowlands</a> region of this prairie province.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beef cattle production in the province is only exceeded by Alberta. Agricultural data for Saskatchewan has been collected since 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saskatchewan has 41% of Canada's agricultural land, with an estimated 44,329 farms in 2006, generating a net farm income $CAN697.3 million in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-agri_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agri-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livestock">Livestock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Livestock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1996 and 2001 census showed that <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> numbers have increased to record levels cattle: up by 4.4%, pigs by 26.4%, and sheep by 46.<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beef cow numbers rose to 15.6 million head nationally. Saskatchewan had approximately 20% of the national herd with Alberta dominating at 43%.<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were just more than 13.6% less dairy cows since 1996. There was an even bigger decline of 29.2% in the number of farms with dairy cows.<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the turn of the century, the early 1900s saw settlers who needed to import their butter. By the roaring twenties dairy production in Saskatchewan not only filled domestic needs, but Saskatchewan dairy farmers were able to export to Britain. </p><p>The numbers of large animals for 2001 were: </p> <ol><li>Cattle and calves (2.9 million)</li> <li>Sheep and lambs (149,000)</li> <li>Pigs (1.1 million)</li> <li>Other animals (184,000)</li></ol> <p>The province also supported a large poultry industry with 9.7 million birds. </p><p>Diversification in livestock production has seen sheep, and lamb, goat, rabbit, and fox farms, and exotic animals such as bison, deer, elk and llama farms.<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasOfSk_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasOfSk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specialised livestock may include ratites which would be ostrich, emu, and rhea farms.<sup id="cite_ref-agri_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agri-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_and_markets">Business and markets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Business and markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The total market value of Saskatchewan's farms estimated in 2001 was $33,463,911,487 in 2001 compared to the amount of $196,868,929,481 for all of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Farms_and_people">Farms and people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Farms and people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, the average farm size in Saskatchewan was 1,152 acres (5 km<sup>2</sup>). As the farm population continued to decline, in 1996 only 14% of the Province's population lived on a farm.<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption><b>Number of farmers</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2001</th> <th>1996</th> <th>1991 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Saskatchewan </td> <td>50,598</td> <td>56,995</td> <td>60,840<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Canada</b> </td> <td><b>246,923</b></td> <td><b>276,548</b></td> <td><b>280,043</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most farms were grain and <a href="/wiki/Oilseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilseed">oilseed</a>, however, the trend is to diversify with speciality <a href="/wiki/Crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Crops">crops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Animals">animals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mno_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mno-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_and_crops">Land and crops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Land and crops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> There were 44,329 farms in Saskatchewan as of May 15, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-SK_Farm_AG_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SK_Farm_AG-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triticum_durum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Triticum_durum.jpg/170px-Triticum_durum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Triticum_durum.jpg/255px-Triticum_durum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Triticum_durum.jpg/340px-Triticum_durum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Durum wheat crop</figcaption></figure><p> Of these farms, 15.7% were cropped as wheat and 57.3% were typed as oilseed crops.<sup id="cite_ref-SK_Farm_AG_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SK_Farm_AG-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crop Development Centre (CDC), established in 1971, helped establish the pulse industry in Saskatchewan.<sup id="cite_ref-Crop_Development_Centre_(CDC)_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crop_Development_Centre_(CDC)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oilseeds, pulses and speciality crops continued to increase as farmers diversified their crop production.<sup id="cite_ref-Crop_Development_Centre_(CDC)_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crop_Development_Centre_(CDC)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crops">Crops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2006 census shows 44,328 farms, which declined in the last five years by 12.6%. According to the 2001 census the number of farms in Saskatchewan (50, 598) declined by 11.2% from the amounts reported from the prior census in 1996. Farms were fewer by 24.8% a decade ago (1991). In 1936, about seven decades ago the highest census for farms occurred and the number was 142,391. </p><p>Saskatchewan accounts for 20% of all Canadian farmers and has the largest farms with an average farm size of 1283 acres (up from 1,152 acres (5 km<sup>2</sup>) in the last census). The province had nearly 40% of the agricultural land in Canada, nearly 13 million acres (53,000 km<sup>2</sup>) more than second-place Alberta. </p><p>About 64.9 million acres (263,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of the province is farmland. Thirty-eight million acres (154,000 km<sup>2</sup>) were cropped in 2001. </p><p>Distribution of farmland: </p> <ol><li>Cropped: 38 million acres (154,000 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_fallow" title="Summer fallow">Summer fallow</a>: 7.7 million acres (31,000 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>Tame (seeded) pasture: 3.5 million acres (14,000 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>Natural pasture: 12.7 million acres (51,000 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>Other: 3.0 million acres (12,000 km<sup>2</sup>)</li></ol> <p>Spring wheat still dominated the prairie landscape, though the crop is losing ground to oilseeds and specialty crops. </p><p>The five major crops in 2001 were: </p> <ol><li>Spring wheat (10.7 million acres)</li> <li>Barley (4.7 million acres)</li> <li>Durum wheat (4.6 million acres)</li> <li>Canola (4.3 million acres)</li> <li>Alfalfa/alfalfa mixtures (2.8 million acres)</li></ol> <p><b>Farm cash receipts </b><br /> Farm cash receipts accumulated to C$6,643,622 in 2006, and C$6,490,850 thousand in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheat accounted for 26% of the total and cattle 19% in 2001. In 2006, there were 25.4% less wheat farms which amounted to 6,938, and a 6% increase in cattle farms amounting to 12,249 in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-type_of_farm_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-type_of_farm-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2001 census reported that <a href="/wiki/Canola" class="mw-redirect" title="Canola">canola</a> was the most significant crop after wheat and the pulse percentage and speciality crops were increasing. Dairy making continued in decline, while hog production was increasing. Whereas the 2006 census showed a rise in beef cattle, chicken egg production, broiler production, poultry hatcheries, combination poultry and egg production, apiculture, horse, livestock combination, soybean, oilseed, fruit, and nursery and tree production.<sup id="cite_ref-type_of_farm_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-type_of_farm-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Saskatchewan (GPD) (2002)</b><br /> In 2002, agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> accumulated for 6% of the Province's $28.1 billion GPD. The importance of agriculture however lay in the provinces exports. More than 73% of the GPD came from exports of goods and services. </p><p><b>Agriculture-food exports</b><br /> Saskatchewan exported $4,152.2 million of agriculture and <a href="/wiki/Food_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Food products">food products</a> in 2000 making 32% of the total exports ($12,950.6 million). Agriculture and food products were a declining majority as a contributor to exports (i.e. in 1997 over 50% of exports were agricultural). The United States, Japan, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>, and China buy more than 50% of the agriculture-food exports. The USA is the single largest buyer, receiving 23% of Saskatchewan's agri-food exports. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two <a href="/wiki/Innovation_Place_Research_Park" title="Innovation Place Research Park">Innovation Place Research Parks</a> immediately adjacent to Regina and Saskatoon Universities host several science and technology companies which conduct research activities in conjunction with University departments. Given Saskatchewan's booming economy<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and recent change of government,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the shape of higher education in the province may be changing. Modern diversification has meant that now agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> together make up only 6.8% of the province's GDP. Not until the 1970s did the economy begin to shift from agri-based to industrial-based activity, although agriculture continues to dominate the economy of the city and province. Saskatchewan predominates as the largest producer of biofuels. Ethanol, biodiesel, and <a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a> are produced from canola, barley, and wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-agri_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agri-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third innovation place research park has earned the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) award at the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a> location named <i>Forest Centre</i>. The three parks contribute approximately $592 million to the provincial economy annually.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minerals">Minerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Minerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> is also a major industry in the province, with Saskatchewan being the world leader in <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> exports.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saskatchewan is rich in <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> found beneath the prairie, prove to be one of the province's most important minerals. The area north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Athabaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Athabaska">Lake Athabaska</a> has been exploited for ores yielding <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>. In 1995 Saskatchewan uranium amounted to 30% of world uranium reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasOfSk_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasOfSk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Greenstone_belt" title="Greenstone belt">greenstone belt</a> around <a href="/wiki/Flin_Flon" title="Flin Flon">Flin Flon</a>, in the northeast, is mined for <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_Minerals_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government_Minerals-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southwest and <a href="/wiki/Estevan" title="Estevan">Estevan</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Saskatchewan" title="Coal mining in Saskatchewan">coal has been mined</a> since 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_Minerals_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government_Minerals-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early twentieth century lignite coal for power and heating was Saskatchewan's chief mineral. Clay products and ceramics were viewed as the next valuable resource in the early twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potash mining began in the 1950s<sup id="cite_ref-Giannetta_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giannetta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esterhazy,_Saskatchewan" title="Esterhazy, Saskatchewan">Esterhazy</a>, and Canada is currently a leading producer of the mineral. The majority of the province's industries process raw materials. The world's largest publicly traded <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> company, <a href="/wiki/Cameco" title="Cameco">Cameco</a>, and the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a> producer, <a href="/wiki/Nutrien" title="Nutrien">Nutrien</a>, have corporate headquarters in Saskatoon. Nearly two-thirds of the world's recoverable potash reserves are located in central Saskatchewan.<sup id="cite_ref-cityquickfacts_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityquickfacts-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saskatchewan "has an estimated 75% of the world’s potash reserves"<sup id="cite_ref-esask.uregina.ca_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esask.uregina.ca-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kaolin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaolin">kaolin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulphite" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium sulphite">sodium sulphite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bentonite" title="Bentonite">bentonite</a> contribute to Saskatchewan's economy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PotashUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PotashUSGOV.jpg/170px-PotashUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PotashUSGOV.jpg/255px-PotashUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PotashUSGOV.jpg/340px-PotashUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Potash mining for fertilizer</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Preliminary Estimate of the Mineral Production of SK 2006 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Metallic minerals </th></tr> <tr> <td>Copper </td> <td>1,242 </td> <td>tonnes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copper </td> <td>9,601 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gold </td> <td>1,505 </td> <td>kilograms </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gold </td> <td>32,706 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Selenium </td> <td>3 </td> <td>tonnes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Selenium </td> <td>172 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Silver </td> <td>119 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tellurium </td> <td>28 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uranium (U) </td> <td>9,781 </td> <td>tonnes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uranium (U) </td> <td>1,430,463 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zinc </td> <td>541 </td> <td>tonnes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zinc </td> <td>1,901 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL (metallic minerals) </td> <td>1,474,990 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Non-metallic minerals </th></tr> <tr> <td>Salt </td> <td>1,132 </td> <td>kilotonnes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salt </td> <td>47,456 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sand and gravel (3), (5) </td> <td>9,446 </td> <td>kilotonnes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sand and gravel </td> <td>37,071 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sulphur, elemental </td> <td>165 </td> <td>kilotonnes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sulphur, elemental </td> <td>2,327 </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL (non-metallic minerals) </td> <td>x </td> <td>$'000 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Fuels (6) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Coal </td> <td>10,441 </td> <td>kilotonnes </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oil_and_gas">Oil and gas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Oil and gas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> production is also a very important part of Saskatchewan's economy, producing more oil than gas. Only Alberta exceeds the province in overall oil production.<sup id="cite_ref-Oil_and_Gas_Industry_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oil_and_Gas_Industry-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first oil well was drilled as early as 1874 at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pelly" title="Fort Pelly">Fort Pelly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_Minerals_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government_Minerals-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy crude is extracted in the Lloydminster-Kerrobert-Kindersley areas. Light crude is found in the Kindersley-Swift Current areas as well as the Weyburn-Estevan fields. Natural gas is found almost entirely in the western part of Saskatchewan, from the Primrose Lake area through Lloydminster, Unity, Kindersley, Leader, and around Maple Creek areas.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saskatchewan supplies about 10% of Canadian oil reserves and 25% of the nation's natural gas reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-AtlasOfSk_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlasOfSk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forestry">Forestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Forestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the northern part of the province, forestry is significant. North of the treeline in Saskatchewan are 350,000 square kilometres (140,000 sq mi) of forests which provide resources for the Saskatchewan forestry industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Education_Canada_Network_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Education_Canada_Network-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forestry industry comprises lumber and sodium sulphate for pulp and paper resources.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisheries,_hunting,_trapping_and_fur_farming"><span id="Fisheries.2C_hunting.2C_trapping_and_fur_farming"></span>Fisheries, hunting, trapping and fur farming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fisheries, hunting, trapping and fur farming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historic process of fur trapping is still practiced. The Saskatchewan annual production from fisheries, fur farming and trapping rank below the forestry sector in provincial economy.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_economy_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE_economy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employment">Employment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A list of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070627040005/http://www.ir.gov.sk.ca/adx/asp/adxGetMedia.asp?DocID=3089,3087,2936,Documents&MediaID=12696&Filename=2005+Top+100.pdf">top 100</a> companies includes The Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan, Federated Cooperatives Ltd. and IPSCO. Major Saskatchewan-based <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations">Crown corporations</a> are <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Government_Insurance" title="Saskatchewan Government Insurance">Saskatchewan Government Insurance (SGI)</a>, <a href="/wiki/SaskTel" title="SaskTel">SaskTel</a>, <a href="/wiki/SaskEnergy" title="SaskEnergy">SaskEnergy</a> (the province's main supplier of natural gas), and <a href="/wiki/SaskPower" title="SaskPower">SaskPower</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Inc." title="Bombardier Inc.">Bombardier</a> runs the NATO Flying Training Centre at 15 Wing, near <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a>. Bombardier was awarded a long-term contract in the late 1990s for $2.8 billion from the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">federal government</a> for the purchase of military aircraft and the running of the training facility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_involvement">Government involvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legislation regarding environmental concerns and the economy of Saskatchewan are regulated by Saskatchewan Environment.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvironmentalProtection_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvironmentalProtection-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Saskatchewan" title="Agriculture in Saskatchewan">Agriculture in Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada#Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations of Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Rate" title="Crow Rate">Crow Rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture of Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_of_technology_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffusion of technology in Canada">Diffusion of technology in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic history of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Saskatchewan" title="Higher education in Saskatchewan">Higher education in Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="History of Regina, Saskatchewan">History of Regina, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minimum_wages_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minimum wages in Canada">List of minimum wages in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Research_Council" title="Saskatchewan Research Council">Saskatchewan Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_research_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research in Canada">Scientific research in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seager_Wheeler" title="Seager Wheeler">Seager Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saskatchewan" title="Tourism in Saskatchewan">Tourism in Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Saskatchewan" title="Transportation in Saskatchewan">Transportation in Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Economic_Diversification_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Economic Diversification Canada">Western Economic Diversification Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seager_Wheeler%27s_Maple_Grove_Farm" title="Seager Wheeler's Maple Grove Farm">Seager Wheeler's Maple Grove Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatoon, Saskatchewan">Saskatoon, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Global_Markets_Action_Plan" title="Canada's Global Markets Action Plan">Canada's Global Markets Action Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Canada" title="Free trade agreements of Canada">Free trade agreements of Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110115061422/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/econ15-eng.htm">"Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory"</a>. <i><a 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskatoon.ca/org/quick_facts/index.asp">the original</a> on 15 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Natural Resources Canada, Government of Canada. 13 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmsd.mms.nrcan.gc.ca/stat-stat/prod-prod/2007p-eng.aspx">the original</a> on 16 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minerals+and+Mining+Statistics+On-Line+-+Mineral+Production+of+Canada%2C+by+Province+and+Territory&rft.atitle=Preliminary+estimate+of+the+mineral+production+of+Canada%2C+by+province%2C+2007&rft.date=2009-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmmsd.mms.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fstat-stat%2Fprod-prod%2F2007p-eng.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070713225543/http://mmsd1.mms.nrcan.gc.ca/mmsd/production/production_e.asp">"Production_e.asp"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmsd1.mms.nrcan.gc.ca/mmsd/production/production_e.asp">the original</a> on 13 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Production_e.asp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmmsd1.mms.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fmmsd%2Fproduction%2Fproduction_e.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oil_and_Gas_Industry-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oil_and_Gas_Industry_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929180237/http://www.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=4a57f37e-88de-4da5-b6a8-411793a739d5">"Oil and Gas Industry"</a>. <i>About Saskatchewan/Economy/Oil and Gas Industry</i>. Government of Saskatchewan. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+Saskatchewan%2FEconomy%2FOil+and+Gas+Industry&rft.atitle=Oil+and+Gas+Industry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sk.ca%2FDefault.aspx%3FDN%3D4a57f37e-88de-4da5-b6a8-411793a739d5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805082031/http://www.ir.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=3997,3383,3384,2936,Documents">"The Saskatchewan Oil and Gas InfoMap"</a>. <i>About Energy and Resources/Our Oil & Gas Resources/InfoMap</i>. Government of Saskatchewan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ir.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=3997,3383,3384,2936,Documents">the original</a> on 5 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+Energy+and+Resources%2FOur+Oil+%26+Gas+Resources%2FInfoMap&rft.atitle=The+Saskatchewan+Oil+and+Gas+InfoMap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ir.gov.sk.ca%2FDefault.aspx%3FDN%3D3997%2C3383%2C3384%2C2936%2CDocuments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsonDepartment_of_Highways2003" class="citation web cs1">Adamson, J; Department of Highways (14 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~canmaps/1926/xv.html">"1926 Highway Map: Province of Saskatchewan"</a>. <i>Online Historical Map Digitization Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Historical+Map+Digitization+Project&rft.atitle=1926+Highway+Map%3A+Province+of+Saskatchewan&rft.date=2003-10-14&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Department+of+Highways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.com%2F~canmaps%2F1926%2Fxv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span> []URL accessed April 6, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EnvironmentalProtection-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EnvironmentalProtection_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowden2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bowden, Marie-Ann (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914000016/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/environmental_protection_legislation.html">"Environmental Protection Legislation"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan</i>. Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/environmental_protection_legislation.html">the original</a> on 14 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Environmental+Protection+Legislation&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan&rft.pub=Canadian+Plains+Research+Center%2C+University+of+Regina&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Bowden&rft.aufirst=Marie-Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesask.uregina.ca%2Fentry%2Fenvironmental_protection_legislation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Saskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publications.gov.sk.ca/details.cfm?p=12249">Overview of the Saskatchewan Economy Government of Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Canada</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province or territory</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alberta" title="Economy of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_British_Columbia" title="Economy of British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Manitoba" title="Economy of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Nova_Scotia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of Nova Scotia (page does not exist)">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ontario" title="Economy of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Prince_Edward_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of Prince Edward Island (page does not exist)">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Quebec" title="Economy of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Northwest_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nunavut" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Yukon" 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