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border:2px solid #BDBDBD; font-size:90%; float:right; padding:4px;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:115%;"><td colspan="2" align="center"><big><b>Department of Labor</b></big></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg" class="image"><img alt="US-DeptOfLabor-Seal.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg/225px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg/300px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Labor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Secretary:</b></td><td>Vincent Micone (acting)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Year created:</b></td><td>1913</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Official website:</b></td><td><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/">DOL.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="float:right; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; ;" class="toclimit-3"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Mission"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Mission</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Leadership"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Leadership</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Organization"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Organization</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Recent_news"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Recent news</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center; width:250px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch"><img alt="Executive-Branch-Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/130px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/195px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/260px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div></div><br /><center><b>Executive Departments of the United States</b></center><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><b>Executive Departments</b></center> <small><center><a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">Department of State</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of Labor</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">Department of Education</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> </center></small><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><b>Department Secretaries</b></center> <small><center><a href="/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> • <a href="/Scott_Bessent" title="Scott Bessent">Scott Bessent</a> • <a href="/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a> • <a href="/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a> • <a href="/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> • <a href="/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a> • Vincent Micone (acting) • <a href="/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> • <a href="/Scott_Turner" title="Scott Turner">Scott Turner</a> • Jeremy Pelter (acting) • <a href="/Sean_Duffy" title="Sean Duffy">Sean Duffy</a> • <a href="/Chris_Wright_(secretary_of_energy)" title="Chris Wright (secretary of energy)">Chris Wright</a> • Denise Carter (acting) • <a href="/Doug_Collins" title="Doug Collins">Doug Collins</a> • <a href="/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a></center></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Department of Labor</b> (DoL) is a United States executive department formed in 1913 to help workers, job seekers, and retirees by creating standards for occupational safety, wages, hours, and benefits and by compiling economic statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-DOLhist_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLhist-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>The acting secretary of labor is Vincent Micone. President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) nominated <a href="/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer" title="Lori Chavez-DeRemer">Lori Chavez-DeRemer</a> to serve as secretary of labor in his second presidential administration. <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Lori_Chavez-DeRemer_for_secretary_of_labor" title="Confirmation process for Lori Chavez-DeRemer for secretary of labor">Click here</a> to learn more about her confirmation process. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2> <p>The Bureau of Labor Statistics, originally part of the <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a>, began collecting data in 1884. In 1913, President William Howard Taft created the Labor Department in 1913, which absorbed the BLS. On President Taft's last day in office, he signed the Organics Act, officially creating the U.S. Department of Labor as an executive department of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-DOLhist_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLhist-1">[1]</a></sup> President Woodrow Wilson then appointed the first secretary, William B. Wilson, to head the department. </p><p>The following is a list of notable events throughout the history of the Department of Labor:<sup id="cite_ref-DOLhist_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLhist-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1915: U.S. Employment Service formed, placing immigrants into jobs</li> <li>1916: Office of Workers' Compensation Programs formed, providing benefits to those injured or made ill due to poor working conditions</li> <li>1930: Bureau of Labor statistics begins recording unemployment numbers</li> <li>1935: <a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> is formed, codifying unfair labor practices and protecting collective bargaining rights</li> <li>1935: Social Security Board is formed, paying benefits to retirees and disabled and unemployed workers from payroll taxes</li> <li>1938: <a href="/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act" title="Fair Labor Standards Act">Fair Labor Standards Act</a> is passed, codifying the 40-hour work week and paid overtime guidelines</li> <li>1959: Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act is passed to combat corruption due to the rumored presence of organized crime in unions</li> <li>1962: Manpower Development and Training Act is passed, forming the first federal job training program</li> <li>1963: Equal Pay Act of 1963 is passed, establishing equal pay for the same jobs done by men and women</li> <li>1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex or national orientation</li> <li>1970: <a href="/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> is formed, mandating safe and healthy working conditions</li> <li>1977: Mine Safety and Health Administration is formed, mandating regular mine inspections and enforcing employment standards in the mining industry</li> <li>1990: Americans with Disabilities Act is passed, prohibiting discrimination against those with mental, physical or emotional disabilities and creating guidelines for accessibility</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mission">Mission</span></h2> <p>The official department mission statement is as follows: </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">To foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners, job seekers, and retirees of the United States; improve working conditions; advance opportunities for profitable employment; and assure work-related benefits and rights.<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-2">[2]</a></sup> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><cite style="font-style: normal;font-size: smaller; float: right;">—Department of Labor<sup id="cite_ref-DOLhist_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLhist-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Leadership">Leadership</span></h2> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="background:none; text-align:center; width:50%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>U.S. Secretary of Labor Full History</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Secretary of Labor</b></td> <td><b>Years in office</b></td> <td><b>Nominated by</b></td> <td><b>Confirmation vote</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William B. Wilson</td> <td>1913-1921</td> <td>Woodrow Wilson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James J. Davis</td> <td>1921-1930</td> <td>Warren G. Harding</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William N. Doak</td> <td>1930-1933</td> <td>Herbert Hoover</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frances Perkins</td> <td>1933-1945</td> <td>Franklin D. Roosevelt</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lewis B. Schwellenbach</td> <td>1945-1948</td> <td>Harry Truman</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maurice J. Tobin</td> <td>1948-1953</td> <td>Harry Truman</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martin P. Durkin</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Dwight D. Eisenhower</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James P. Mitchell</td> <td>1953-1961</td> <td>Dwight D. Eisenhower</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arthur Goldberg</td> <td>1961-1962</td> <td>John F. Kennedy</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>W. Willard Wirtz</td> <td>1962-1969</td> <td>Lyndon B. Johnson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>George P. Shultz</td> <td>1969-1970</td> <td>Richard Nixon</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James D. Hodgson</td> <td>1970-1973</td> <td>Richard Nixon</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peter J. Brennan</td> <td>1973-1975</td> <td>Gerald Ford</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Thomas Dunlop</td> <td>1975-1976</td> <td>Gerald Ford</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>W. J. Usery, Jr.</td> <td>1976-1977</td> <td>Gerald Ford</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ray Marshall</td> <td>1977-1981</td> <td>Jimmy Carter</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raymond J. Donovan</td> <td>1981-1985</td> <td>Ronald Reagan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William E. Brock</td> <td>1985-1987</td> <td>Ronald Reagan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ann Dore McLaughlin</td> <td>1987-1989</td> <td>Ronald Reagan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elizabeth Dole</td> <td>1989-1990</td> <td>George H. W. Bush</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lynn Morley</td> <td>1991-1993</td> <td>George H. W. Bush</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robert Reich</td> <td>1993-1997</td> <td>Bill Clinton</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alexis Herman</td> <td>1997-2001</td> <td>Bill Clinton</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elaine Chao</td> <td>2001-2009</td> <td>George W. Bush</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hilda Solis</td> <td>2009-2013</td> <td><a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Tom Perez</a></td> <td>2013-2017</td> <td><a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/R._Alexander_Acosta" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Alexander Acosta">R. Alexander Acosta</a></td> <td>2017-2019</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>60-38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Eugene_Scalia" title="Eugene Scalia">Eugene Scalia</a></td> <td>2019-2021</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>53-44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Martin_Walsh_(Massachusetts)" title="Martin Walsh (Massachusetts)">Marty Walsh</a></td> <td>2021-2023</td> <td><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td> <td>68-29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a> (acting)</td> <td>2023-2025</td> <td><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vincent Micone (acting)</td> <td>2025-Present</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Note: Votes marked "N/A" represent voice votes or unrecorded votes. Missing votes will be filled as they are researched.</i> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Organization">Organization</span></h2> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #364DA8; color:white"><big>Administrative State <big> </big></big></th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state"><img alt="Administrative State Icon Gold.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/a/a3/Administrative_State_Icon_Gold.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Read more about the <a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">administrative state</a> on Ballotpedia. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/orgchart">Click here</a> to view the DOL organizational chart. </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_news">Recent news</span></h2> <p>The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms <b>United States Department of Labor.</b> These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles. </p> <div class="rss-feed"> <p><b><span style="font-size:135%"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://google.com/search?hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&q=United+States+Department+of+Labor&um=1&ie=UTF-8">U.S. Department of Labor - Google News</a></span></b> </p> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/R._Alexander_Acosta" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Alexander Acosta">R. Alexander Acosta</a></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch">Executive Branch portal</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">U.S. Department of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/">Official Department of Labor website</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/departmentoflabor">Department of Labor on Facebook</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/USDOL">Department of Labor on Twitter</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/USDepartmentofLabor">Department of Labor Youtube channel</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DOLhist-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLhist_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLhist_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLhist_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLhist_1-3">1.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/100/timeline/"><i>U.S. Department of Labor</i>, "U.S. Department of Labor Historical Timeline," accessed August 29, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Executive branch"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Executive_branch&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch">U.S. Executive Branch</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Elected offices</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> • Vice President <a href="/J.D._Vance" title="J.D. Vance">J.D. Vance</a> <hr /></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="9"><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch"><img alt="Executive-Branch-Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/200px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/300px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/400px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Executive departments</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">Department of State</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">Department of Education</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of Labor</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> <hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Cabinet-level offices</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> • <a href="/U.S._Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> • <a href="/U.S._Mission_to_the_United_Nations" title="U.S. Mission to the United Nations">U.S. Mission to the United Nations</a> • Council of Economic Advisors • <a href="/U.S._Small_Business_Administration" title="U.S. Small Business Administration">Small Business Administration</a> • <a href="/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Federally appointed offices</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/U.S._Federal_Reserve_System" title="U.S. Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a> • National Security Advisor • <a href="/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press Secretary</a> • U.S. Postmaster General • <a href="/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> • <a href="/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> • <a href="/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> • <a href="/U.S._Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a> • <a href="/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> • <a href="/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a> • <a href="/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a> • <a href="/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> • <a href="/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a> • <a href="/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Glossary</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Appointment_confirmation_process" title="Appointment confirmation process">Appointment confirmation process</a> • <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> • <a href="/Electoral_College" title="Electoral College">Electoral College</a> • <a href="/Deferred_action" title="Deferred action">Deferred action</a> • <a href="/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals_(DACA)" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)</a> • <a href="/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_U.S._Citizens_and_Lawful_Permanent_Residents_(DAPA)" title="Deferred Action for Parents of U.S. Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA)">Deferred Action for Parents of U.S. Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA)</a> • <a href="/Impeachment_of_federal_officials" title="Impeachment of federal officials">Impeachment of federal officials</a> • <a href="/Investor-State_Dispute_Settlement_(ISDS)" title="Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)">Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)</a> • <a href="/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement_(NAFTA)" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)">North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)</a> • <a href="/P5%2B1_and_E3%2B3" title="P5+1 and E3+3">P5+1 and E3+3</a> • <a href="/Trade_adjustment_assistance_(TAA)" title="Trade adjustment assistance (TAA)">Trade adjustment assistance (TAA)</a> • <a href="/Trade_promotion_authority_(TPA)" title="Trade promotion authority (TPA)">Trade promotion authority (TPA)</a><hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:TASP_hnt" title="Template:TASP hnt"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:TASP_hnt&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">The Administrative State</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Main</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">The Administrative State Project main page</a> • <a href="/Administrative_State_Project_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative State Project Index">Administrative State Project Index</a> • <a href="/Glossary_of_administrative_state_terms" title="Glossary of administrative state terms">Glossary of administrative state terms</a> • <a href="/Quotes_about_the_administrative_state" title="Quotes about the administrative state">Quotes about the administrative state</a> • <a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state">Administrative state</a> • <a href="/Rulemaking" title="Rulemaking">Rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Deference" class="mw-redirect" title="Deference">Deference</a> • <a href="/Adjudication" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjudication">Adjudication</a> • <a href="/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a> • <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/admin-state/home">Ballotpedia's administrative state legislation tracker</a></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="13"><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" title="The Administrative State Project"><img alt="The Administrative State Project Badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/150px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/225px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/300px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Reporting</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Changes_to_the_Federal_Register" title="Changes to the Federal Register">Changes to the Federal Register</a> • <a href="/Completed_OIRA_review_of_federal_administrative_agency_rules" title="Completed OIRA review of federal administrative agency rules">Completed OIRA review of federal administrative agency rules</a> • <a href="/Federal_agency_rules_repealed_under_the_Congressional_Review_Act" title="Federal agency rules repealed under the Congressional Review Act">Federal agency rules repealed under the Congressional Review Act</a> • <a href="/Historical_additions_to_the_Federal_Register,_1936-2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical additions to the Federal Register, 1936-2016">Historical additions to the Federal Register, 1936-2016</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Laws</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Administrative_Procedure_Act" title="Administrative Procedure Act">Administrative Procedure Act</a> • <a href="/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a> • <a href="/Civil_Service_Reform_Act" title="Civil Service Reform Act">Civil Service Reform Act</a> • <a href="/Clayton_Antitrust_Act" title="Clayton Antitrust Act">Clayton Antitrust Act</a> • <a href="/Communications_Act_of_1934" title="Communications Act of 1934">Communications Act of 1934</a> • <a href="/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a> • <a href="/Electronic_Freedom_of_Information_Act" title="Electronic Freedom of Information Act">Electronic Freedom of Information Act</a> • <a href="/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act_of_1938" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938</a> • <a href="/Federal_Housekeeping_Statute" title="Federal Housekeeping Statute">Federal Housekeeping Statute</a> • <a href="/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> • <a href="/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a> • <a href="/Freedom_of_Information_Act" title="Freedom of Information Act">Freedom of Information Act</a> • <a href="/Government_in_the_Sunshine_Act" title="Government in the Sunshine Act">Government in the Sunshine Act</a> • <a href="/Independent_Offices_Appropriations_Act_of_1952" title="Independent Offices Appropriations Act of 1952">Independent Offices Appropriations Act of 1952</a> • <a href="/Information_Quality_Act" title="Information Quality Act">Information Quality Act</a> • <a href="/Interstate_Commerce_Act" title="Interstate Commerce Act">Interstate Commerce Act</a> • <a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Act" title="National Labor Relations Act">National Labor Relations Act</a> • <a href="/Paperwork_Reduction_Act" title="Paperwork Reduction Act">Paperwork Reduction Act</a> • <a href="/Pendleton_Act" title="Pendleton Act">Pendleton Act</a> • <a href="/Privacy_Act_of_1974" title="Privacy Act of 1974">Privacy Act of 1974</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_Flexibility_Act" title="Regulatory Flexibility Act">Regulatory Flexibility Act</a> • <a href="/REINS_Act" title="REINS Act">REINS Act</a> • <a href="/REINS_Act_(Wisconsin)" class="mw-redirect" title="REINS Act (Wisconsin)">REINS Act (Wisconsin)</a> • <a href="/Securities_Act_of_1933" title="Securities Act of 1933">Securities Act of 1933</a> • <a href="/Securities_Exchange_Act_of_1934" title="Securities Exchange Act of 1934">Securities Exchange Act of 1934</a> • <a href="/Sherman_Antitrust_Act" title="Sherman Antitrust Act">Sherman Antitrust Act</a> • <a href="/Small_Business_Regulatory_Enforcement_Fairness_Act" title="Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act">Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act</a> • <a href="/Truth_in_Regulating_Act" title="Truth in Regulating Act">Truth in Regulating Act</a> • <a href="/Unfunded_Mandates_Reform_Act" title="Unfunded Mandates Reform Act">Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Cases</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/Abbott_Laboratories_v._Gardner" title="Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner">Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner</a></i> • <i><a href="/A.L.A._Schechter_Poultry_Corp._v._United_States" title="A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States">A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Association_of_Data_Processing_Service_Organizations_v._Camp" title="Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp">Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp</a></i> • <i><a href="/Auer_v._Robbins" title="Auer v. Robbins">Auer v. Robbins</a></i> • <i><a href="/Chevron_v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> • <i><a href="/Citizens_to_Preserve_Overton_Park_v._Volpe" title="Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe">Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe</a></i> • <i><a href="/Federal_Trade_Commission_(FTC)_v._Standard_Oil_Company_of_California" title="Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Standard Oil Company of California">Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Standard Oil Company of California</a></i> • <i><a href="/Field_v._Clark" title="Field v. Clark">Field v. Clark</a></i> • <i><a href="/Food_and_Drug_Administration_v._Brown_and_Williamson_Tobacco_Corporation" title="Food and Drug Administration v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation">Food and Drug Administration v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation</a></i> • <i><a href="/Humphrey%27s_Executor_v._United_States" title="Humphrey's Executor v. United States">Humphrey's Executor v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_(INS)_v._Chadha" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) v. Chadha">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) v. Chadha</a></i> • <i><a href="/J.W._Hampton_Jr._%26_Company_v._United_States" title="J.W. Hampton Jr. & Company v. United States">J.W. Hampton Jr. & Company v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Lucia_v._SEC" title="Lucia v. SEC">Lucia v. SEC</a></i> • <i><a href="/Marshall_v._Barlow%27s" title="Marshall v. Barlow's">Marshall v. Barlow's</a></i> • <i><a href="/Massachusetts_v._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency">Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency</a></i> • <i><a href="/Mistretta_v._United_States" title="Mistretta v. United States">Mistretta v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_(NFIB)_v._Sebelius" title="National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius">National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Noel_Canning_Company" title="National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company">National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Sears,_Roebuck_%26_Co." title="National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.">National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/Panama_Refining_Co._v._Ryan" title="Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan">Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan</a></i> • <i><a href="/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission_v._Chenery_Corporation" title="Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation">Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation</a></i> • <i><a href="/Skidmore_v._Swift_%26_Co." title="Skidmore v. Swift & Co.">Skidmore v. Swift & Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/United_States_v._Lopez" title="United States v. Lopez">United States v. Lopez</a></i> • <i><a href="/United_States_v._Western_Pacific_Railroad_Co." title="United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co.">United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/Universal_Camera_Corporation_v._National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="Universal Camera Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board">Universal Camera Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board</a></i> • <i><a href="/Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_Corp._v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wayman_v._Southard" title="Wayman v. Southard">Wayman v. Southard</a></i> • <i><a href="/Weyerhaeuser_Company_v._United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service">Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></i> • <i><a href="/Whitman_v._American_Trucking_Associations" title="Whitman v. American Trucking Associations">Whitman v. American Trucking Associations</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wickard_v._Filburn" title="Wickard v. Filburn">Wickard v. Filburn</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wiener_v._United_States" title="Wiener v. United States">Wiener v. United States</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Terms</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Adjudication_(administrative_state)" title="Adjudication (administrative state)">Adjudication (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Administrative_judge" title="Administrative judge">Administrative judge</a> • <a href="/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">Administrative law</a> • <a href="/Administrative_law_judge" title="Administrative law judge">Administrative law judge</a> • <a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state">Administrative state</a> • <a href="/Arbitrary-or-capricious_test" title="Arbitrary-or-capricious test">Arbitrary-or-capricious test</a> • <a href="/Auer_deference" title="Auer deference">Auer deference</a> • <a href="/Barrier_to_entry" title="Barrier to entry">Barrier to entry</a> • <a href="/Bootleggers_and_Baptists" title="Bootleggers and Baptists">Bootleggers and Baptists</a> • <a href="/Chevron_deference_(doctrine)" title="Chevron deference (doctrine)">Chevron deference (doctrine)</a> • <a href="/Civil_servant" title="Civil servant">Civil servant</a> • <a href="/Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil service</a> • <a href="/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> • <a href="/Codify_(administrative_state)" title="Codify (administrative state)">Codify (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Comment_period" title="Comment period">Comment period</a> • <a href="/Compliance_costs" title="Compliance costs">Compliance costs</a> • <a href="/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a> • <a href="/Coordination_(administrative_state)" title="Coordination (administrative state)">Coordination (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Deference_(administrative_state)" title="Deference (administrative state)">Deference (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Direct_and_indirect_costs_(administrative_state)" title="Direct and indirect costs (administrative state)">Direct and indirect costs (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Enabling_statute" title="Enabling statute">Enabling statute</a> • <a href="/Ex_parte_communication_(administrative_state)" title="Ex parte communication (administrative state)">Ex parte communication (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Executive agency</a> • <a href="/Federal_law" title="Federal law">Federal law</a> • <a href="/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a> • <a href="/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a> • <a href="/Final_rule" title="Final rule">Final rule</a> • <a href="/Formal_rulemaking" title="Formal rulemaking">Formal rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Formalism_(law)" title="Formalism (law)">Formalism (law)</a> • <a href="/Functionalism_(law)" title="Functionalism (law)">Functionalism (law)</a> • <a href="/Guidance_(administrative_state)" title="Guidance (administrative state)">Guidance (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Hybrid_rulemaking" title="Hybrid rulemaking">Hybrid rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Incorporation_by_reference" title="Incorporation by reference">Incorporation by reference</a> • <a href="/Independent_federal_agency" title="Independent federal agency">Independent federal agency</a> • <a href="/Informal_rulemaking" title="Informal rulemaking">Informal rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Joint_resolution_of_disapproval_(administrative_state)" title="Joint resolution of disapproval (administrative state)">Joint resolution of disapproval (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Major_rule" title="Major rule">Major rule</a> • <a href="/Negotiated_rulemaking" title="Negotiated rulemaking">Negotiated rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a> • <a href="/OIRA_prompt_letter" title="OIRA prompt letter">OIRA prompt letter</a> • <a href="/Organic_statute" title="Organic statute">Organic statute</a> • <a href="/Pragmatism_(law)" title="Pragmatism (law)">Pragmatism (law)</a> • <a href="/Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">Precautionary principle</a> • <a href="/Promulgate" title="Promulgate">Promulgate</a> • <a href="/Proposed_rule" title="Proposed rule">Proposed rule</a> • <a href="/Publication_rulemaking" title="Publication rulemaking">Publication rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_budget" title="Regulatory budget">Regulatory budget</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_capture" title="Regulatory capture">Regulatory capture</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_dark_matter" title="Regulatory dark matter">Regulatory dark matter</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_impact_analysis" title="Regulatory impact analysis">Regulatory impact analysis</a> • <a 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authority">Statutory authority</a> • <a href="/Substantive_law_and_procedural_law" title="Substantive law and procedural law">Substantive law and procedural law</a> • <a href="/Sue_and_settle" title="Sue and settle">Sue and settle</a> • <a href="/Sunset_provision" title="Sunset provision">Sunset provision</a> • <a href="/Unified_Agenda_of_Federal_Regulatory_and_Deregulatory_Actions" title="Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions">Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions</a> • <a href="/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> • <a href="/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Bibliography</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small> <ul><li><a href="/%22Administrative_Law_-_The_20th_Century_Bequeaths_an_%27Illegitimate_Exotic%27_in_Full_and_Terrifying_Flower%22_by_Stephen_P._Dresch_(2000)" title=""Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)">"Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Confronting_the_Administrative_Threat%22_by_Philip_Hamburger_and_Tony_Mills_(2017)" title=""Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)">"Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Constitutionalism_after_the_New_Deal%22_by_Cass_R._Sunstein_(1987)" title=""Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)">"Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/Federalist_No._23_by_Alexander_Hamilton_(1787)" title="Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)">Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22From_Administrative_State_to_Constitutional_Government%22_by_Joseph_Postell_(2012)" title=""From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012)">"From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Interring_the_Nondelegation_Doctrine%22_by_Eric_A._Posner_and_Adrian_Vermeule_(2002)" title=""Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002)">"Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Rulemaking_as_Legislating%22_by_Kathryn_Watts_(2015)" title=""Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)">"Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Checks_%26_Balances_of_the_Regulatory_State%22_by_Paul_R._Verkuil_(2016)" title=""The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016)">"The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Myth_of_the_Nondelegation_Doctrine%22_by_Keith_E._Whittington_and_Jason_Iuliano_(2017)" title=""The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017)">"The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Progressive_Origins_of_the_Administrative_State:_Wilson,_Goodnow,_and_Landis%22_by_Ronald_J._Pestritto_(2007)" title=""The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007)">"The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Rise_and_Rise_of_the_Administrative_State%22_by_Gary_Lawson_(1994)" title=""The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994)">"The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Study_of_Administration%22_by_Woodrow_Wilson_(1887)" title=""The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)">"The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Threat_to_Liberty%22_by_Steven_F._Hayward_(2017)" title=""The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017)">"The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Why_the_Modern_Administrative_State_Is_Inconsistent_with_the_Rule_of_Law%22_by_Richard_A._Epstein_(2008)" title=""Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)">"Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)</a></li></ul> </small></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Agencies</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Administrative_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Administrative Conference of the United States">Administrative Conference of the United States</a> • <a href="/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission" title="United States Civil Service Commission">United States Civil Service Commission</a> • <a href="/U.S._Government_Accountability_Office" title="U.S. Government Accountability Office">U.S. Government Accountability Office</a> • <a href="/U.S._Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Management and Budget">U.S. Office of Management and Budget</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Ballotpedia" title="Template:Ballotpedia"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Ballotpedia&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Ballotpedia</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Overview</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:What_people_are_saying" title="Ballotpedia:What people are saying">What people are saying</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">Support Ballotpedia</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact 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title="Ballotpedia:Carley Allensworth">Carley Allensworth</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Abigail_Campbell" title="Ballotpedia:Abigail Campbell">Abigail Campbell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Sarah_Groat" title="Ballotpedia:Sarah Groat">Sarah Groat</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nathaniel_Harwood" title="Ballotpedia:Nathaniel Harwood">Nathaniel Harwood</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Dillon_Redmond" title="Ballotpedia:Dillon Redmond">Dillon Redmond</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Erica_Shumaker" title="Ballotpedia:Erica Shumaker">Erica Shumaker</a><br /> <b>External Relations: </b><a href="/Ballotpedia:Ashley_Fleming" title="Ballotpedia:Ashley Fleming">Ashley Fleming</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Hannah_Nelson" title="Ballotpedia:Hannah Nelson">Hannah Nelson</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Katy_Noble" title="Ballotpedia:Katy Noble">Katy Noble</a><br /> <b>Operations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Meghann_Olshefski" title="Ballotpedia:Meghann Olshefski">Meghann Olshefski</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Amanda_Herbert" title="Ballotpedia:Amanda Herbert">Amanda Herbert</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Morris" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy Morris">Mandy Morris</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Caroline_Presnell" title="Ballotpedia:Caroline Presnell">Caroline Presnell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kelly_Rindfleisch" title="Ballotpedia:Kelly Rindfleisch">Kelly Rindfleisch</a><br /> <b>Policy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jimmy_McAllister" title="Ballotpedia:Jimmy McAllister">Jimmy McAllister</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jon_Dunn" title="Ballotpedia:Jon Dunn">Jon Dunn</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Amy_Handlin" title="Ballotpedia:Amy Handlin">Amy Handlin</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Annelise_Reinwald" title="Ballotpedia:Annelise Reinwald">Annelise Reinwald</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Emma_Soukup" title="Ballotpedia:Emma Soukup">Emma Soukup</a><br /> <b>Content Strategy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Josh_Altic" title="Ballotpedia:Josh Altic">Josh Altic</a> <br /> <b>Tech:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Matt_Latourelle" title="Ballotpedia:Matt Latourelle">Matt Latourelle</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ryan_Burch" title="Ballotpedia:Ryan Burch">Ryan Burch</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kirsten_Corrao" title="Ballotpedia:Kirsten Corrao">Kirsten Corrao</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Beth_Dellea" title="Ballotpedia:Beth Dellea">Beth Dellea</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Travis_Eden" title="Ballotpedia:Travis Eden">Travis Eden</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Tate_Kamish" title="Ballotpedia:Tate Kamish">Tate Kamish</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Margaret_Kearney" title="Ballotpedia:Margaret Kearney">Margaret Kearney</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Eric_Lotto" title="Ballotpedia:Eric Lotto">Eric Lotto</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Joseph_Sanchez" title="Ballotpedia:Joseph Sanchez">Joseph Sanchez</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mary_Susmitha" title="Ballotpedia:Mary Susmitha">Mary Susmitha</a><br /> </p> <b>Contributors:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Scott_Rasmussen" title="Ballotpedia:Scott Rasmussen">Scott Rasmussen</a> <hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b>Editorial Content</b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Geoff_Pallay" title="Ballotpedia:Geoff Pallay">Geoff Pallay, Director of Editorial Content and Editor-in-Chief</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ken_Carbullido" title="Ballotpedia:Ken Carbullido">Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Norm_Leahy" title="Ballotpedia:Norm Leahy">Norm Leahy, Senior Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Daniel_Anderson" title="Ballotpedia:Daniel Anderson">Daniel Anderson, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ryan_Byrne" title="Ballotpedia:Ryan Byrne">Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Cory_Eucalitto" title="Ballotpedia:Cory Eucalitto">Cory Eucalitto, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Gillip" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy Gillip">Mandy Gillip, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Doug_Kronaizl" title="Ballotpedia:Doug Kronaizl">Doug Kronaizl, Local Elections Project Manager</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jaclyn_Beran" title="Ballotpedia:Jaclyn Beran">Jaclyn Beran</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Marielle_Bricker" title="Ballotpedia:Marielle Bricker">Marielle Bricker</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Joseph_Brusgard" title="Ballotpedia:Joseph Brusgard">Joseph Brusgard</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Emma_Burlingame" title="Ballotpedia:Emma Burlingame">Emma Burlingame</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kelly_Coyle" title="Ballotpedia:Kelly Coyle">Kelly Coyle</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Thomas_Ellis" title="Ballotpedia:Thomas Ellis">Thomas Ellis</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Frank_Festa" title="Ballotpedia:Frank Festa">Frank Festa</a> • <a 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