CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134086e9a373e14',cH: 'sjfXz8KvwH84rBr0HJA2eroUrfWoEAXBbiB1iqZP2XQ-1739777016-1.2.1.1-sxh4FgYMCbv5uVHPZMc9AdI1dzbdXpnYs63PlxJjgXB6DxYJUkLp5YVHYj9SDZb4',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=islam&__cf_chl_tk=inFD7KneW0g.R9Ohhoy9XkFATEVel8ScJPtwqqLz4AI-1739777016-1.0.1.1-_NLK2EZXTwzRQIKvysCJ1mHFVD.HAdpU_1IzTbaU2kU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777016',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=islam&__cf_chl_f_tk=inFD7KneW0g.R9Ohhoy9XkFATEVel8ScJPtwqqLz4AI-1739777016-1.0.1.1-_NLK2EZXTwzRQIKvysCJ1mHFVD.HAdpU_1IzTbaU2kU",md: "j2bAtKkf61n9_yS_vNBVy7QiGJo.X3Y4T81dL10wiFY-1739777016-1.2.1.1-saEcxy_pUIbcE8IRgQVxTW96umIyhJxBQburvKF.9U7mOsixNlldQFmogfvzk7zEymCmt.LqE0FTPRSn1cyZi4A.MxAhBDpUYGJ46KnqFkBTE8wWUFmm38pd5jUJBYvTeh_N_8zSG_IEdceCKPA8kojwjFdX8APMDMps_wOr_mr_UENcTgI.HBIeO7b1fR_Q9on_.sKGjDKtKzCMAZ92OgOwr428LnNLP.iOcGrlmmipL0l5ZB5oz8tyNQ4mnG33slsgZze5pQX8chrujCvb81qoaH78R5SpKSxaiORHM.1TMrkkzkyfRUy.4CWwurs02Ax2qmhVt1ikbMmcIkk.dsthlorkkI42yLGIjEpoDJYD6LVYdl_bwIQ5IOU2uhUTjPohU7.LuBrmk1UAYoLa1Z6pHJK3pJIixsOBH3lu8Lv0MWOgNVd55Z473fJLXf9OJ90q564dFTOeEn2GKHzDBrSF8mKpeZXVzByQjMwmcUAGHahqtfV6xqJKpe0HCPkbfPs3trT3745FE9JKoGRNMoiqWwk._sXyIZ02FRaumYVJNUjtbeNkvrjOdPuh4T0WhtkWSK3Y.LjXaMf..LqYQ8hU7PGS23PMovk1fUT6uUFJivYQvfs7OSge2XJ9cmvdzO_yo7yvJda5bW9YxxDPf.YRaYgdOE_WWj4yvSI4g.Snchpk_Fy5pm7zpEgDWEEWVd4woCiCII7SvU9H9rIQklGdK1rd4KdmvD8aCfk5_w4HN7B6PfMlsTlM9BJwDArLtv4j9G9sXgqYrsmM9RODvLVcpl3QASVq6gaPT53kSna2p0OG.j7qJzqOy5M2PHaextuaU.1nttftP2bpsFxKhgReSgu9z2yr3snTeYV6MgrAxMPqtmuW1O6ERF_kl7AHlURj91zsnhO2CWOzopYaqM42ecI7XxJutPabxX1rw6xxXNB8uOh4C58WgUbbwdmUyngOWBvTLBN4_MQ7RZEt7RQVny0TaswwUSAo719wJOYBqp3yXk9vwY1mIBpagTvERBbvj_twqOaJ6MUT9CFa_J.8NMvU.qldTnsDXYLuKnQELv4mv25IPemwYXRNKfsqGWmv5zWYkT0OwjOXFeSr55sFl0WdKfWuLWwUfK__jUmsZ2c0yVmcbNspLCcSsYLW5I0M5b.wy46BGlGyMciBkdjx5dQah2NLjb5JjDoXApp55tJl_i0v0vKWae4SMzb5gUpPhx9iMoCjU7UAvrkK5tNM9DQQOqWNDAPVppNibsjaRyIn3.rDgg9zbkRgLXpjMv7yUuI7tEbV.0QL9H9Lj3Bj1OdmHijxrY1OKVEK3O9tV0I54_QAXotcMJZhtek0d1EFnizY4_kOCwL_OI25y5oX2TQnoqQXpT7ePXJZ5QZ9Zm44ho2Wl9HVAJe7L9Wd7_RcpYhXESRbDtLFAZHFNlor_e.n0sjyy7R98gnh_7rV9gQxsuG4LBd48GTnq1bOpFgEemtwApcDt0bTCuBvbqK8LcAfZCXoA8EdyMMUmNeB8yWdA9YHax_CYkaV4QZVTtUE3zvXyAVFGMudl_iLPRjNeG0pu7BsRzRafGfBRe8OPqWBBAxLAh3XfzbVOg8vdr.MK.lSw8c.sGhZrosDNk54TY5FgTRqyflMI8dcWIecP3aR5SfN.nLTOl.U167TDD18D5i7MmGJ2Z75_tkfgGdTW9d_XUkJQqFfXXz25C5EyJK9pd8IQQsCN9.EHHjRzDSRffzN0._5M52gI5zI353ySxDDhrRL52U1BpoojrPaxvCA_WDiecnTRjKwUtIOwLoDzV15kOvvIZpTB9b8hot74D4MWN4W4T_bOrvjUFzJqpQIpSvn0ONCoZedaLZjF0AokFwJZ03p6apR9c0.n7UX9BtCbiXETzy4LvzieXXZ_7WfNFg9.q7EndlDU5ei",mdrd: "fhdaZK0.rU_ZZVLqEFyOeZLOVSXZGnsjlgfwseNg3Bo-1739777016-1.2.1.1-tsb.hdzUYmcdvU8EF80JK8IbjjI0IaVN_qh29s7cnzU8JiVdImEi3c3LEjD5hkJ9PVniim7aTarxBhhHuOithf7SVk9Df_JPcp4ShWoX6U70QHJvJFqK1quYi1c2GLhVwxwo_nXWTnZ0PgJLqg6vn51461RK2DbULWbh7umWRNqkX0ueCGtljDM9IlPHGk9PqQ85Cfb9vH3dNazMB1cNFduuQQmAseN23qz6F.HLQM_vDeHXB1bJkcHG6oRYeXdn7Sefzd1YuD9Vkj9rHhcEsRhFMnh9KzpVUuDEpI04tSEgpFFrg7n9SI.ow7bLSkZkBF0iL4BtWAppjikR.F5vpa3P7dNifqEjeA3kMxRz.jrMMBOGWPXs3hDhPGVad0KsVz47jzWQShYtWmKaP3MI7Gv.YpMQo.485McXAn2HPYduN3ewgSOqYN7RYKZgUJNcq7C7x5S_ADX..tnhf94K2gzwRkeIcLoa_8ywpOvTMfcNHRIi5sq64KeCT4JS9Rgp3IrbvRTVQEpMNcLqADV.1rdUsfQ3Caswkg8ff7NLVdAaoRIGYHvuKCFcz4GgusxBHgm6T8U.Y9Lf9rSfvoL2LhkL5BsTpdN6fqooC_d8knoIl__iaCFYf70mdh8m2YFkE6YBnwGIbFLm2BBCt_9N.zSVIkRXG68RNwooBmcfMnrAbJ_mMsg5Y3Eq4Y6UjVzG1BY019Etjoq6PXiSLuDK6CzIp8YTShlg_hXHbOleyLCwoDW7OnZzAbZaU5fKquKzouyO2O8mxJ4hIlrAfgsOkYS.l6KXHPGv8rM704WaI19FbTgN1zfMXHzirvdldpaR7YPp8P9BAxUc8A28nYs7WqAktHdUtu5qwDrzgeNtSiQVfFk2MklzzFNTTwswxQEzTf3pM_HkvSMsL5kaTcY76tI79sOG4MekAVP8w2.JdnsPb_Tqm_fPokSCB0Koxdm3fLIlGr94i6VOXx.OV0dPggu.Gltgtpm0uUhiT185d736bpO_mBWTZxG3Z_b_cJuei35jbVplEHVnnoLt.PIgRunl50kqBtkIhnMQx12lT6MIHJ.D86O_v1JDcvsHYmALKCrZTaNeZIVL8.uDFFK.NmK7sZIqHkN.FZLh5PJi3LKaovldoU1GW_23yooQWZXBFksHqrCnGGjCuex0wcSAAI4FMzpJBQoOhoLxN95hZMI32nUBOGnP8yULaunnYoODRLsuKR2rZ7zK7Vsqb_EiLpybCZy.qeHkPPfdoh3JXGk99xwtUfn0wf.H7Ckrnuy3F2smW_oRqsBEb4dKnXYYyHASVMInlvEf5_ebkGKJGCZ4BwC0eCxN8FXJSiQxKCYF2BI.OqVmbP.w3BcAdV8lRDgl9_AwfRn3TGIcGHQMCf43w87lvcAAm5tPN0lZ0yj9T6duz0VhbWY4bv2H1ruW7a1LQpJem43L_edEh7Yv2UDUkuIR9hsJboKT61IXQ.xKTRZ6F229bVBEiWEtqPM5pzHcJGYdr.ORDnUEnwkBDCLz8Y9zlb4zaEJSy_2LAU7GS3Lt6It6mBdcgR_j0RKN5ARw.XX_rGNFwNEeCzZ6Qtiyjjdi69sv0Dy_8OjoTr4DBLgWyPGkkeiZe7gsMQGJSspRkt0Ad7UBq9DjFJorsTA4AGzep4lOELxUZmHM6xGYUdBqiJM_sobMdB7uYUzFMwZQDD49ZnQCDAPe6BUc_xaiRbO0Ft_6gQN0ZfrjcSHMoZt2Qvj7yVx7Y8pR7rCrG8w_95iSXzG0z86w6mOam94q4NqA7ypBGX1G4ymAtieYJItRv08.ZbtuH1pn2nmZeVoG0jL7YHswJkdgRAsEOk0EgZ6yAqutdsU19HXkR22OMxA6lfG0ARDwpHh850fWiw8kkjqwnwDJUVILai7iNyll3r1KOGr1BZuGaw9.oj8D_bqjeVL1ew6i.9ZwzadxMsdHYIvKERtreXB1GdlwZ9HMgGsey6Gfz89gI2UEYmzqz2yeq0IBh3uPJjK.TcBW7A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134086e9a373e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=islam&__cf_chl_rt_tk=inFD7KneW0g.R9Ohhoy9XkFATEVel8ScJPtwqqLz4AI-1739777016-1.0.1.1-_NLK2EZXTwzRQIKvysCJ1mHFVD.HAdpU_1IzTbaU2kU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>