CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91353c3e2b4af8d0',cH: 'MNdF3V8JLOSl25yh0OkwcMQz_.hqlbrnqU5bulsmob0-1739789624-1.2.1.1-9sntFZSnWrfV.lagResw1B5Mi97W6dB.uQTyGMKXaIOTE5sHFs41gMFxIAnAMUoE',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/146339\/national-security-threat-and-fear-of-rising-islamic-extremism-in-bangladesh-due-to-influx-of-rohingya-refugees?__cf_chl_tk=RNn0EjI7EyW2IwCWjrORJeQS21TN.oJVblBssHU8lUQ-1739789624-1.0.1.1-by1NLG211Eu2fXROTEcz0sxfe8rAiyrqLOCOAK58y50",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789624',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/146339\/national-security-threat-and-fear-of-rising-islamic-extremism-in-bangladesh-due-to-influx-of-rohingya-refugees?__cf_chl_f_tk=RNn0EjI7EyW2IwCWjrORJeQS21TN.oJVblBssHU8lUQ-1739789624-1.0.1.1-by1NLG211Eu2fXROTEcz0sxfe8rAiyrqLOCOAK58y50",md: "VmuK8eGbbx.VqW5Ia2y0hXLxfKAUMaHFvSNVxqOgkWs-1739789624-1.2.1.1-VMTqdyCHSCQ2G65vGtTe5DLNzz2vZlMWbtNcTEw7sNVH4EScU.tpgxvyOhJEOBm.Ge49Uv4UdXj_sdCt4DRZP.5TIGTxY_4gJUVeomHutlPfcc9XeH5Z0hf223P6h_ZUerb0KXHvzMGA009QNfyvL8PvDhTlqODISFwJ19nsRQn4xiv8VNiW4lpBc4I8iyen50yxo7IYDcHzbqAAgSveokUv.9ZDiQIIK2cj64n1xElxnZCfhPIFqp_g9FFZWhtZjsXAC709Zi4VOKFORixN4UQ5AAFdtNJ4rJX5BcBM0OKUvyncFzgaRXnWGDpzuS7pbPDmcDemhxkwGEi3D_VTHL9ANX2we3hksmvHaXnt4pSOdMAHVO62srXfuzfc3kFQlL4vg62bI.VJ44g9j9bJ8BlwSt.fFQiy7WzIouNu8_ieUPJR4KJR56A.I.6vNn4lpNSJlkWscBofs.D406e4x7GNQIntai76Nt1BffapxaVuDF6c1pSu4V9GfW3zzZxq9dyA7ZVG6PLSoxwd2Xytz.uQmyI3YTU9WoaJ1ioWDjofbgqem1K6hIiWxq7WOg2RMN3g88Tg_4Z6LHgT2U0dcrV_O20eNKzu5aecIXzqqAJlGkSrPnriWbTDJHILwgNHd0JUQAcN4h1JwdDUR_Aa49VlLCmpL4dnR4kF055I8GoOCcRnrohNDaPQwkD0Gm5gUO_RSDBPJB7kCHpw7h.GXfSKZbL83rNvCGECss.kKu9Xd_.5lUiw0g8W3HMR5C2FsySsmVWpbMjGEDC8fReSlsV7VXucCBQF4PEV.MDmALBPOdDEbnT_h1mPpxzE8_wdbLsvLjsKKGc7Q05YSrXE4FqEGvMcDSkEh_O3Q_jqwzDWLbofkWRy7f6UALCDxbLk.rZxy2v6isbAeIY_iMVp4rGWtv7bnt466dzzA6I4crh5jEGnQrdmfbov0xFJ7emrPtkp5F6hQBtmg_brPsf5RD570zbmJdx1h2nu95uJMN0zlRQqDcERpvTnl1oNOm6wFT3YBxw2OAokukTWmjZlAJF76WS5niE48MhN6b55xigiwY8KyI01ELuvBO_a4T3bi663wA1_Wu_O3ed2JFHRniwGiOMtVz9tTn0LK8i7X6zwa93bVmdrR6J7zydbWOOfwl1dkVMpYhfn_nGOKBMq5Q2vrARwVBXjcOPu3YyeqmUjZGmWRjTC6rKuQKGfg5dOg4WwCoXVGdPpAoOeMZGckaRU3nI7yw_C7zp.anlF2HUpFX1ZCDN8CtZj6pMxXa2.2hcehVf_YBgBqUVOs1gb6.RB6wgtXWpBe4pLX_XxYw4HwoscqPQtnf.OCmmCYNN1eXlTt7QoL74eXtJLERnrNRYrCu_dhLFQyzgVouD9FpBaNTyF1A..BMKGBB5MlsCuUbDysHnYr3LwDZ6Ph30J4dq8t57V89q5huAQYWwdIZqDiYwQKjiMSRpZrtVRrIrufnyn_vkYLnKKY0XubADdtB2qO8QHh.eu4BgbtDvc7FK6WOfFWofCjzOsS78QLMKqrf9lcwGB5pil0_gdISsZ1c4AU_WC_LHiLCpo2JnZYnFmLybq6eVzjUp5aUkBy.YaaUsLqISNSp6VWpgxcPGJ2R5hFqFPpmQmzxKFPfrrIIjZkzY5lzGBu3rB3ETo_.LvLoECZk3hmH6R80s.RL7tmVS7uF0gNU0SRfhKPhixKmE.oygoU_.ZfvcHUBUBFEUACUsAlNR8EaRhc0_XpVCfMSNXuTSTVlpV2_IQxhXVKzOQ_DP45XnALLHnIhldYkplx4iZC6DOU89NBjgAXXLZYd9EggbuqqqtNxiQGm1.FN7Bigw0hjrQo53kx2yAhlgpSM1MmPDhIQn2qlE4lLOzlE2i6MNfUemRkwtKrNbfqZW0LfXbzlepH7cvYvu9Jt1YNYb3h8jc_PnMuq4uLt_F1KxW_aeJxi7tb8QFYvjC5A70lYd_kHV4hISwcN9yvP.Jd79jCwo_1C276_BBtaIXPwrgEtGP8vbEVAm6K9k0cRwE8dKF0FnYyCzA85g_uwyI_GPulHwWpavdadaDJd5D61HUwRJ_WYIR8h1P651vxtE.djQpSA0pEo2b1Xr7BoleUUVcRzVbt6uJuvOkjAvgAwzkKZJT6eKN7EtHY7sMwvhrNNcXuQz9XC8ZUOUqjYCAandVYWKOBQZG56l.WpkkwQ",mdrd: "p1fNC2cHwJ8Wu3ocpDDMefhs_MkPxzbQUSNRFjYBdeA-1739789624-1.2.1.1-LkwT8gMisttqnBcM0K73JLHtdyK0n_7IZltQGwTx1aQ4ALtaYVcqu6RblFVBYEA_Eiu.WDG5UXwX06EBOsxv5jV0I800JA8B_HkYGBM3Yms3n3MGQ4XpseDxGGIlyUQ4SO1bg61T7TSsrVveFl1V2DworqQJkiUCVljDUZdHtyXx1_9wRKCZhZqDnmbtax.ilq9zniEX5JCpagUWbNTauLTv1FYBCXuDoV4J3PupDwxevEjIt5CbR.egcjTlxjgJ6JKQ19auL04eDP8uXhJc3NgozLFGFY0fw.xFBQJEr2NmWiL9YnvsK_RY1_K3pJv0xKAFaImHc8qE8gN9taGiLJXw9yDYlxJ7PHMjMIoxG7kGFtSVc8hvczZemf0PkAJsfCQH6LSG7R113apgWLHLjwip7E94CFXEyZiOx2MM_yylYcC4mH18r_k66WVT_i41BtZjfFmJw1jz0Xued_Sahz_5_qhTeHQcAX_uy_kCE8fGDcvLJuDexq80mukhHCyEpOd6jPPVkwsyEcZ0KyeFwYkmLq_ppy9Rr6RXx5pCr0G7uf7jlYSeB2MsrHUE8XmVYaZrJUktEiDiJ28ZlZS5X6HyU.upsAacMDU9Y7nV2SF1K.uR0l7sXoAiEC6twYt61MDhckjUf4ww6Kjv4wnUgPQQArRBlyNZyhtw0V9lOmF96rG1MD.SNdSI80gAWf0lcziEX5PG7pyJydZBK2gzE8vz4IctX0CZY6z7pNhIF9KzGfASCEfynrDf6.pHiBu6y1EN0ZUxwp6Z4vpqNqnawzXobiq082oDqGKIebpB3snnPFjy6Wt8fKpMuBnm6QknmNQCCp.436NqphmMuxpY1.8U5ow7GTDFxR7DDexKY64PxUsLNzGdhfIKWnWKP1pOrgeQaH6u5JW__k1fH7BcyW_G4oWLafCJMKGMj53UaNHCodJmt8NutPaBRBo5ZtDNMpFaoVlZyzd2Yia0qO6aUKOvtKausGCAZakQBY7LBBbNTxPdL4VA3mPTmNszvqh9y.HiJAJtPO027_iA6G8B5HDJU1vN2uxofiim8MhL4DA_XcJZb7SElCrNF_0n8cV31hMy7wRvPd0mKq_Uikw8JJ4nwpVdMaLvmsFdVXrPc0.M27du0xPGcewZPq59QD.jPpizGHsx.R28B6Y3lwD2EVPH67B8rsOCNME4BWXDAPP3zLl9glOUkddW406gkn13CU_V7OdfQlRleAklgkFdB5dsavI8LU_0aGPAMDd6BjLb0B5hEQ2gMqzMM_Ar8VMND_NKgzEmiv9Exjd_HecllVi7rj3ROIR2c50JcfSF.woZ3uSXaVNz2zMZkRtv4342Nm0SLcSDo6NrwRweMmADIRt3eyv9SHaw2iwyv0nCf9cxS.UoGYhKuhJtAswkwdQa.FtRP..kfe1Pfv0jnjPjLR_Zh4lWW8Xi3PCCFzsfBamQKyFSx0oBzQsoyUWSihU6v.G2FKnrO0MPIPc_D9Q5VuoDWybeTYSQtCCi.LtozjNqHAvKy0JUi0Tw9HBxckIgB73JZItIyDuYKo.KicQmhpx0_hU1EmxcUvQbJoFPkiQXWIQp1VjHhvLhHjk0__57rLPOl1gLSjJg9coacdJ6OJPiIHwew75nZaXeRPiIIJ8AI3iPfkKOI7eiye9GwCrI0vIi0kPaJr_K89wLYciDnOz3rfdRpataMEToRVA1d6zxnoh98w0inGTsge7TBkDKTtWGzuvFB1_TLcaCmQJsnNJBxaJu6fOkA6dEPz.Ci4w51rK0b5zTs3H9dauy6idEK7cTXuxtHOjlozCT2n3VTWEjVDZSV81BeJGFh5SBZcad1KQ_54p7EFNg7NvfMy_RryWxn_kg7vvXJJSDQ84.5RW54.Sy8i2r.TbihePSCnn2ep.I2de3MdkFaWqN6k4erq2UKpLU_RVogffKeUA7WPLVtSNGt1yFwdUfYphT4U6xRUU4kvpI.VJw1u8xCzQ3lhMgBj9F.DvQqd3eVdESYw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91353c3e2b4af8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/146339\/national-security-threat-and-fear-of-rising-islamic-extremism-in-bangladesh-due-to-influx-of-rohingya-refugees?__cf_chl_rt_tk=RNn0EjI7EyW2IwCWjrORJeQS21TN.oJVblBssHU8lUQ-1739789624-1.0.1.1-by1NLG211Eu2fXROTEcz0sxfe8rAiyrqLOCOAK58y50" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>