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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="irrational beliefs"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 769</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: irrational beliefs</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">769</span> Predicting Marital Burnout Based on Irrational Beliefs and Sexual Dysfunction of Couples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elnaz%20Bandeh">Elnaz Bandeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to predict marital burnout based on irrational beliefs and sexual dysfunction of couples. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included all couples who consulted to counseling clinics in the fall of 2016. The sample consisted of 200 people who were selected by convenience sampling and answered the Ahwaz Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire, Pines Couple Burnout, and Hudson Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using regression coefficient. The results of regression analysis showed that there was a linear relationship between irrational beliefs and couple burnout and dimensions of helplessness toward change, expectation of approval from others, and emotional irresponsibility were positive and significant predictors of couple burnout. However, after avoiding the problem of power, it was not a significant predictor of marital dissatisfaction. There was also a linear relationship between sexual dysfunction and couple burnout, and sexual dysfunction was a positive and significant predictor of couple burnout. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that irrational beliefs and sexual dysfunction play a role in couple dysfunction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=couple%20burnout" title="couple burnout">couple burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrational%20beliefs" title=" irrational beliefs"> irrational beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dysfunction" title=" sexual dysfunction"> sexual dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marital%20relationship" title=" marital relationship"> marital relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119800/predicting-marital-burnout-based-on-irrational-beliefs-and-sexual-dysfunction-of-couples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">768</span> Numerical Pricing of Financial Options under Irrational Exercise Times and Regime-Switching Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saber%20Rohi">Mohammad Saber Rohi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saghar%20Heidari"> Saghar Heidari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we studied the pricing problem of American options under a regime-switching model with the possibility of a non-optimal exercise policy (early or late exercise time) which is called an irrational strategy. For this, we consider a Markovmodulated model for the dynamic of the underlying asset as an alternative model to the classical Balck-Scholes-Merton model (BSM) and an intensity-based model for the irrational strategy, to provide more realistic results for American option prices under the irrational behavior in real financial markets. Applying a partial differential equation (PDE) approach, the pricing problem of American options under regime-switching models can be formulated as coupled PDEs. To solve the resulting systems of PDEs in this model, we apply a finite element method as the numerical solving procedure to the resulting variational inequality. Under some appropriate assumptions, we establish the stability of the method and compare its accuracy to some recent works to illustrate the suitability of the proposed model and the accuracy of the applied numerical method for the pricing problem of American options under the regime-switching model with irrational behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrational%20exercise%20strategy" title="irrational exercise strategy">irrational exercise strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationality%20parameter" title=" rationality parameter"> rationality parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regime-switching%20model" title=" regime-switching model"> regime-switching model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=American%20option" title=" American option"> American option</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variational%20inequality" title=" variational inequality"> variational inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160801/numerical-pricing-of-financial-options-under-irrational-exercise-times-and-regime-switching-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">767</span> The Principle of Methodological Rationality and Security of Organisations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Franciszek%20Jacko">Jan Franciszek Jacko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation presents the principle of methodological rationality of decision making and discusses the impact of an organisation's members' methodologically rational or irrational decisions on its security. This study formulates and partially justifies some research hypotheses regarding the impact. The thinking experiment is used according to Max Weber's ideal types method. Two idealised situations("models") are compared: Model A, whereall decision-makers follow methodologically rational decision-making procedures. Model B, in which these agents follow methodologically irrational decision-making practices. Analysing and comparing the two models will allow the formulation of some research hypotheses regarding the impact of methodologically rational and irrational attitudes of members of an organisation on its security. In addition to the method, phenomenological analyses of rationality and irrationality are applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodological%20rationality" title="methodological rationality">methodological rationality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20decisions" title=" rational decisions"> rational decisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20of%20organisations" title=" security of organisations"> security of organisations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20economics" title=" philosophy of economics"> philosophy of economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145587/the-principle-of-methodological-rationality-and-security-of-organisations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">766</span> Irbid National University Students’ Beliefs about English Language Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaleel%20Bader%20Bataineh">Khaleel Bader Bataineh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Past studies have maintained that the Arab learners' beliefs about language learning hold vital effects on their performance. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the language learning beliefs of Irbid National University students. It aimed at identifying the language learning beliefs according to gender. This study is a descriptive design that employed survey questionnaire of Language Learning Beliefs Inventory (BALLI). The data were elicited from 83 English major students during the class sessions. The data were analyzed using an SPSS program in which frequency analysis and t-test were performed to examine the students’ responses. Thus, the major findings of this research indicated that there is a variation in responses with regards to the subjects’ beliefs about English learning. Also, the findings show significant differences in four questionnaire items according to gender. It is hoped that the findings provide valuable insights to educators about the learners’ beliefs which assist them to develop the teaching and learning English language process in Jordan universities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language" title="foreign language">foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20beliefs" title=" students’ beliefs"> students’ beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title=" language learning"> language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20students" title=" Arab students"> Arab students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39129/irbid-national-university-students-beliefs-about-english-language-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">765</span> Exploring Moroccan Teachers Beliefs About Multilingualism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkhadir%20Radouane">Belkhadir Radouane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, author tried to explore the beliefs of some Moroccan teachers working in the delegations of Safi and Youcefia about the usefulness of first and second languages in learning the third language. More specifically, author attempted to see the extent to which these teachers believe that a first and second language can serve students in learning a third one. The first language in this context is Arabic, the second is French, and the third is English. The teachers’ beliefs were gathered through a questionnaire that was addressed via Google Forms. Then, the results were analyzed using the same application. It was found that teachers are positive about the usefulness of the first and second language in learning the third one, but most of them rarely use in a conscious way activities that serve this purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilinguilism" title="Bilinguilism">Bilinguilism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%20beliefs" title=" teachers beliefs"> teachers beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20as%20ESL" title=" English as ESL"> English as ESL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183066/exploring-moroccan-teachers-beliefs-about-multilingualism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">764</span> Assessing Teachers’ Interaction with Children in Early Childhood Education (ECE). Cambodian Preschool Teachers’ Beliefs and Intensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Karim">Shahid Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfredo%20Bautista"> Alfredo Bautista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerry%20Lee"> Kerry Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The association between teachers’ beliefs and practices has been extensively studied across the levels of education. Yet, there is a lack of context-specific evidence on the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and intentions regarding their interaction with children in early childhood education settings. Given the critical role of teachers’ beliefs in their practices, the present study examined Cambodian preschool teachers’ beliefs and intentions related to their interaction with children and what factors affect the relationship. Data was collected through a self-reported Beliefs and Intentions Questionnaire (BTQ) from preschool teachers teaching at different types of preschools in Cambodia. Four hundred nine preschool teachers teaching in public, private and community schools participated in the study through an online survey administered on Qualtrics. The quantitative analysis of the data revealed that teachers’ beliefs predict their intentions in preschool. Teachers’ teaching experience, level of education and professional training moderated the relationship between their beliefs and intentions. Differences existed between the groups of teachers teaching in different types of preschools and genders. Implications of the findings related to policy and preschool teachers’ professional development are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher-child%20interaction" title="teacher-child interaction">teacher-child interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20beliefs" title=" teaching beliefs"> teaching beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20intentions" title=" teaching intentions"> teaching intentions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20teaching%20accreditations" title=" preschool teaching accreditations"> preschool teaching accreditations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cambodia" title=" Cambodia"> Cambodia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175831/assessing-teachers-interaction-with-children-in-early-childhood-education-ece-cambodian-preschool-teachers-beliefs-and-intensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">763</span> Mathematical Beliefs, Attitudes, and Performance of Freshman College Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johna%20Bernice%20Ablaza">Johna Bernice Ablaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryan%20Lim%20Corpuz"> Bryan Lim Corpuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Marie%20Estrada"> Joanna Marie Estrada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Ann%20Cristine%20%20Olgado"> Mary Ann Cristine Olgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhina%20Recato"> Rhina Recato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to describe the mathematical beliefs and attitudes in relation to the mathematics performance of freshman college students. The descriptive design using the correlational study was used to describe the relationship among mathematical beliefs, attitudes, and performance of freshman college students. This study involved one hundred fifty (150) freshman college students of Philippine Normal University during the third trimester of school year 2015-2016. The research instruments used to gather the information needed in the study are the beliefs about Mathematics Questionnaire, the KIM-Project Questionnaire, and the ACT Compass Mathematics Test. The data gathered were analyzed using the percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson r-moment correlation. The results of this study have shown that although students believe that Mathematics is significant in their lives, the overall result on their beliefs and attitudes are positively low. There is a significant relationship between the students’ mathematical beliefs and mathematics performance. Likewise, their attitudes in mathematics have significant relationship to mathematics performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title="attitudes">attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diligence" title=" diligence"> diligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest" title=" interest"> interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20beliefs" title=" mathematical beliefs"> mathematical beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20performance" title=" mathematical performance"> mathematical performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-confidence" title=" self-confidence"> self-confidence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60115/mathematical-beliefs-attitudes-and-performance-of-freshman-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">762</span> Investigating Teachers’ Confidence and Beliefs in Using Technology in Teaching Mathematics in Rwandan Secondary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odette%20Umugiraneza">Odette Umugiraneza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etienne%20Nzaramyimana"> Etienne Nzaramyimana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Confidence and beliefs are the main contributors to the improvement of teachers’ mathematical knowledge. The objective of this study was to investigate teachers’ confidence and beliefs towards technology use in teaching mathematics subjects in the Musanze District. The data were collected using closed and open questions. These were distributed to 118 secondary school senior 1 to 6 mathematics teachers in Musanze district. The findings revealed that the teachers’ confidence about the use of technology in teaching mathematics needs improvement. Apart from confidence, almost a third of the teachers convoyed negative beliefs that technology plays great importance in promoting the understanding of mathematics. Teachers as knowledge transmitters are required to join various professional courses towards technology integration in the teaching of mathematics, to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title="knowledge">knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%E2%80%99%20confidence" title=" teachers’ confidence"> teachers’ confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title=" beliefs"> beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers%20of%20technology%20use" title=" barriers of technology use"> barriers of technology use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166185/investigating-teachers-confidence-and-beliefs-in-using-technology-in-teaching-mathematics-in-rwandan-secondary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">761</span> Influence of Causal beliefs on self-management in Korean patients with hypertension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-E%20Yeom">Hyun-E Yeom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patients’ views about the cause of hypertension may influence their present and proactive behaviors to regulate high blood pressure. This study aimed to examine the internal structure underlying the causal beliefs about hypertension and the influence of causal beliefs on self-care intention and medical compliance in Korean patients with hypertension. The causal beliefs of 145 patients (M age = 57.7) were assessed using the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised. An exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the factor structure of the causal beliefs, and the factors’ influence on self-care intention and medication compliance was analyzed using multiple and logistic regression analyses. The four-factor structure including psychological, fate-related, risk and habitual factors was identified and the psychological factor was the most representative component of causal beliefs. The risk and fate-related factors were significant factors affecting lower intention to engage in self-care and poor compliance with medication regimens, respectively. The findings support the critical role of causal beliefs about hypertension in driving patients’ current and future self-care behaviors. This study highlights the importance of educational interventions corresponding to patients’ awareness of hypertension for improving their adherence to a healthy lifestyle and medication regimens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title="hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-care" title=" self-care"> self-care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title=" beliefs"> beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medication%20compliance" title=" medication compliance"> medication compliance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82892/influence-of-causal-beliefs-on-self-management-in-korean-patients-with-hypertension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">760</span> Scientific Perspectives on Autism Over Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gian%20Marco%20Di%20Feo">Gian Marco Di Feo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The study was conducted to examine changes in the beliefs and contents of articles on autism since the mid-twentieth century. Characteristics analyzed were the mentioning of pharmaceutical drugs, country, and institution of the first author, methodologies used, journal, and the year of publication. Methods: All articles (N=566) analyzed were published between January 1st, 1943 and December 31st, 2021. Inter rater reliability was assessed and there was a 94.4 percent agreement amongst raters. All articles were analyzed through both PubMed and PsycInfo. Results: A one way chi square indicated that there was a significant number of articles expressing mixed beliefs on the cause of autism. Scientific perspectives on the cause of autism have changed significantly over time. Particularly, the belief of empiricism (environmental factors) has decreased significantly, while both mixed beliefs and nativism have increased remarkably. Additionally, the mentioning of pharmaceutical drugs is involved with the beliefs on the cause of autism. Conclusion: Articles in the twenty first century are most likely to express both nativist and empiricist viewpoints on the cause of autism. Articles that express mixed beliefs are most likely to mention drugs in their study. The results impact scientific self-understanding on autism and beliefs in high-income countries, and advance scientific understanding globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title=" beliefs"> beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nativism" title=" nativism"> nativism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empiricism" title=" empiricism"> empiricism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature" title=" nature"> nature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurture" title=" nurture"> nurture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161825/scientific-perspectives-on-autism-over-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">759</span> Teachers' Beliefs About the Environment: The Case of Azerbaijan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysel%20Mehdiyeva">Aysel Mehdiyeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a driving force of society, the role of teachers is important in inspiring, motivating, and encouraging the younger generation to protect the environment. In light of these, the study aims to explore teachers’ beliefs to understand teachers’ engagement with teaching about the environment. Though teachers’ beliefs about the environment have been explored by a number of researchers, the influence of these beliefs in their professional lives and in shaping their classroom instructions has not been widely investigated in Azerbaijan. To this end, this study aims to reveal the beliefs of secondary school geography teachers about the environment and find out the ways teachers’ beliefs of the environment are enacted in their classroom practice in Azerbaijan. Different frameworks have been suggested for measuring environmental beliefs stemming from well-known anthropocentric and biocentric worldviews. The study addresses New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) by Dunlap to formulate the interview questions as discussion with teachers around these questions aligns with the research aims serving to well-capture the beliefs of teachers about the environment. Despite the extensive applicability of the NEP scale, it has not been used to explore in-service teachers’ beliefs about the environment. Besides, it has been used as a tool for quantitative measurement; however, the study addresses the scale within the framework of the qualitative study. The research population for semi-structured interviews and observations was recruited via purposeful sampling. Teachers’ being a unit of analysis is related to the gap in the literature as to how teachers’ beliefs are related to their classroom instructions within the environmental context, as well as teachers’ beliefs about the environment in Azerbaijan have not been well researched. 6 geography teachers from 4 different schools were involved in the research process. The schools are located in one of the most polluted parts of the capital city Baku where the first oil well in the world was drilled in 1848 and is called “Black City” due to the black smoke and smell that covered that part of the city. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the teachers to reveal their stated beliefs. Later, teachers were observed during geography classes to understand the overlap between teachers’ ideas presented during the interview and their teaching practice. Research findings aim to indicate teachers’ ecological beliefs and practice, as well as elaborate on possible causes of compatibility/incompatibility between teachers’ stated and observed beliefs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20education" title="environmental education">environmental education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropocentric%20beliefs" title=" anthropocentric beliefs"> anthropocentric beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocentric%20beliefs" title=" biocentric beliefs"> biocentric beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20ecological%20paradigm" title=" new ecological paradigm"> new ecological paradigm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148307/teachers-beliefs-about-the-environment-the-case-of-azerbaijan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">758</span> The Effect of Taxpayer Political Beliefs on Tax Evasion Behavior: An Empirical Study Applied to Tunisian Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Elouaer">Nadia Elouaer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tax revenue is the main state resource and one of the important variables in tax policy. Nevertheless, this resource is continually decreasing, so it is important to focus on the reasons for this decline. Several studies show that the taxpayer is reluctant to pay taxes, especially in countries at risk or in countries in transition, including Tunisia. This study focuses on the tax evasion behavior of a Tunisian taxpayer under the influence of his political beliefs, as well as the influence of different tax compliance variables. Using a questionnaire, a sample of 500 Tunisian taxpayers is used to examine the relationship between political beliefs and taxpayer affiliations and tax compliance variables, as well as the study of the causal link between political beliefs and fraudulent behavior. The data were examined using correlation, factor, and regression analysis and found a positive and statistically significant relationship between the different tax compliance variables and the tax evasion behavior. There is also a positive and statistically significant relationship between tax evasion and political beliefs and affiliations. The study of the relationship between political beliefs and compliance variables shows that they are closely related. The conclusion is to admit that tax evasion and political beliefs are closely linked, and the government should update its tax policy and modernize its administration in order to strengthen the credibility and disclosure of information in order to restore a relationship of trust between public authorities and the taxpayer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiscal%20policy" title="fiscal policy">fiscal policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20beliefs" title=" political beliefs"> political beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20%20evasion" title=" tax evasion"> tax evasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxpayer%20behavior" title=" taxpayer behavior"> taxpayer behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113983/the-effect-of-taxpayer-political-beliefs-on-tax-evasion-behavior-an-empirical-study-applied-to-tunisian-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">757</span> Beliefs and Rituals among the Urak Lawoi Sea Gypsies in the Bulon Archipelago, Satun Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srisuporn%20Piyaratanawong">Srisuporn Piyaratanawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchai%20Assawapantanakul"> Suchai Assawapantanakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to reflect changes in beliefs and rituals among the Urak Lawoi sea gypsies on the Bulon archipelago of Satun Province that are related to changes of society according to each dimension of time. The historical study was conducted using an oral history approach. The study found that the traditional way of life as itinerants who moved seasonally resulted in their dependence on nature and beliefs in supernatural power, and mysterious powers and superstitions in the belief of ghosts, ancestors, guardian spirits, large banyan trees, life and living, treatment of diseases, king of nagas, and other beliefs. They displayed their respect to supernatural powers through rituals by worshiping, making offerings to spirits and performing Rongeng dance for spirits in return for fulfilling their vows. After World War II (1945), the Urak Lawoi sea gypsies on Bulon archipelago changed their itinerant way of life to permanent settlements. However, their beliefs in supernatural powers and ritual performances remained in existence. Until 1987, when tourism began to spread to the archipelago, some of them gradually turned to make a living with tourism. Moreover, during the last 20 years (from around 1994), Islam has spread among the people. With this social context, the traditional beliefs in supernatural powers have changed to beliefs according to the religion and the way of life that has changed. Thus, when the traditional beliefs and rituals can no longer fulfil the new way of life, they slowly disappear, such as the floating the boat ceremony that has been replaced with new beliefs and rituals according to Islam. Nevertheless, some beliefs and rituals still exist, such as beliefs about treatment of diseases and Rongeng dance for spirits in return for vow fulfilling. In conclusion, the traditional beliefs and rituals of the Urak Lawoi sea gypsies on the Bulon archipelago cannot fulfil the new way of life, and have, thus, brought about changes in beliefs and rituals that are congruent with the current society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belief" title="belief">belief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ritual" title=" ritual"> ritual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urak%20Lawoi" title=" Urak Lawoi"> Urak Lawoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20gypsy" title=" sea gypsy"> sea gypsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulon%20Archipelago" title=" Bulon Archipelago"> Bulon Archipelago</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3592/beliefs-and-rituals-among-the-urak-lawoi-sea-gypsies-in-the-bulon-archipelago-satun-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">756</span> PEINS: A Generic Compression Scheme Using Probabilistic Encoding and Irrational Number Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Jayashree">P. Jayashree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rajkumar"> S. Rajkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With social networks and smart devices generating a multitude of data, effective data management is the need of the hour for networks and cloud applications. Some applications need effective storage while some other applications need effective communication over networks and data reduction comes as a handy solution to meet out both requirements. Most of the data compression techniques are based on data statistics and may result in either lossy or lossless data reductions. Though lossy reductions produce better compression ratios compared to lossless methods, many applications require data accuracy and miniature details to be preserved. A variety of data compression algorithms does exist in the literature for different forms of data like text, image, and multimedia data. In the proposed work, a generic progressive compression algorithm, based on probabilistic encoding, called PEINS is projected as an enhancement over irrational number stored coding technique to cater to storage issues of increasing data volumes as a cost effective solution, which also offers data security as a secondary outcome to some extent. The proposed work reveals cost effectiveness in terms of better compression ratio with no deterioration in compression time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20ratio" title="compression ratio">compression ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generic%20compression" title=" generic compression"> generic compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrational%20number%20storage" title=" irrational number storage"> irrational number storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20encoding" title=" probabilistic encoding"> probabilistic encoding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60542/peins-a-generic-compression-scheme-using-probabilistic-encoding-and-irrational-number-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">755</span> Subjective Well-being, Beliefs, and Lifestyles of First Year University Students in the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaili%20C.%20Zhang">Kaili C. Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mental well-being is an integral part of university students’ overall well-being and has been a matter of increasing concern in the UK. This study addressed the impact of university experience on students by investigating the changes students experience in their beliefs, lifestyles, and well-being during their first year of study, as well as the factors contributing to such changes. Using a longitudinal two-wave mixed method design, this project identified importantfactors that contribute to or inhibit these changes. Implications for universities across the UK are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20well-being" title="subjective well-being">subjective well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title=" beliefs"> beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyles" title=" lifestyles"> lifestyles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144367/subjective-well-being-beliefs-and-lifestyles-of-first-year-university-students-in-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">754</span> The Role of Teacher Candidates' Beliefs in Their Development of Inclusive Teaching Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlotte%20Brenner">Charlotte Brenner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fisayo%20Latilo"> Fisayo Latilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=McKenna%20Causey"> McKenna Causey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the transformation of teacher candidates' beliefs regarding inclusion and inclusive teaching practices during their instructional and practicum experiences in the Canadian context. With the increasing diversity of schools, the study investigates how teacher candidates' beliefs impact their implementation of inclusive teaching practices, which are essential for meeting diverse student needs. The research examines the influence of teacher education programs, transformative learning experiences, and inclusive practicum placements on teacher candidates' beliefs about inclusion. Using a multiple case study approach, the study assesses teacher candidates' initial beliefs, documents changes in these beliefs after coursework on inclusion, and explores the supports and constraints affecting belief development in both university and practicum settings. Preliminary findings suggest that teacher candidates generally hold positive beliefs about inclusion at the outset of their teacher education programs. However, coursework and practicum experiences significantly shape their understanding of diversity, strategies for inclusion, and awareness of broader social issues related to inclusive classrooms. The research underscores the critical role of teacher education programs in shaping teacher candidates' beliefs about inclusion and highlights the value of transformative learning experiences and inclusive practicum placements in enhancing their understanding of equity and inclusion. Continued research is necessary to identify specific elements within courses and practicum experiences that promote positive beliefs about inclusive teaching practices, ultimately contributing to the creation of more equitable classrooms and improved student outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title="inclusion">inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title=" beliefs"> beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20candidates" title=" teacher candidates"> teacher candidates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20teaching%20practices" title=" inclusive teaching practices"> inclusive teaching practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174184/the-role-of-teacher-candidates-beliefs-in-their-development-of-inclusive-teaching-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">753</span> Iranian Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of Effective Foreign Language Teaching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoush%20Tajnia">Mehrnoush Tajnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simin%20Sadeghi-Saeb"> Simin Sadeghi-Saeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Students and teachers have different perceptions of effectiveness of instruction. Comparing students’ and teachers’ beliefs and finding the mismatches between them can increase L2 students’ satisfaction. Few studies have taken into account the beliefs of both students and teachers on different aspects of pedagogy and the effect of learners’ level of education and contexts on effective foreign language teacher practices. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare students’ and teachers’ perceptions on effective foreign language teaching. A sample of 303 learners and 54 instructors from different private language institutes and universities participated in the study. A questionnaire was developed to elicit participants’ beliefs on effective foreign language teaching and learning. The analysis of the results revealed that: a) there is significant difference between the students’ beliefs about effective teacher practices and teachers’ belief, b) Class level influences students’ perception of effective foreign language teacher, d) There is a significant difference of opinion between those learners who study foreign languages at university and those who study foreign language in private institutes with respect to effective teacher practices. The present paper concludes that finding the gap between students’ and teachers’ beliefs would help both of the groups to enhance their learning and teaching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20teacher" title="effective teacher">effective teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20teaching" title=" effective teaching"> effective teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20beliefs" title=" students’ beliefs"> students’ beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%E2%80%99%20beliefs" title=" teachers’ beliefs"> teachers’ beliefs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41178/iranian-students-and-teachers-perceptions-of-effective-foreign-language-teaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">752</span> Relationship Between Family Factors and Tendency to Addiction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Golshekoh">Farzaneh Golshekoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between religious beliefs, family responsibility and emotional atmosphere with a tendency to addiction in high school female students in Ahwaz. The sample consisted of 250 students who were selected by cluster random sampling from among all high school female students in Ahvaz. Measuring tools were Iranian tendency towards addiction (IAPS), responsibility California Psychological Inventory (CPI), emotional family atmosphere (AFC) and religious beliefs. The simple correlation coefficient at α=0/05 showed that there is a significant negative relationship between religious beliefs, family responsibility and emotional atmosphere with a tendency to abuse female students. The regression analysis showed that the variables of the emotional atmosphere of the family and religious beliefs as predictors of female students have a tendency to addiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20atmosphere" title="emotional atmosphere">emotional atmosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20responsibility" title=" family responsibility"> family responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20beliefs" title=" religious beliefs"> religious beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendency%20to%20addiction" title=" tendency to addiction"> tendency to addiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41504/relationship-between-family-factors-and-tendency-to-addiction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">751</span> A Consensus Approach to the Formulation of a School ICT Policy: A Q-Methodology Case Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiru%20Vandeyar">Thiru Vandeyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study sets out to explore how teachers’ beliefs and attitudes about ICT policy influence a consensus approach to the formulation of a school ICT policy. This case study proposes Q- methodology as an innovative method to facilitate a school’s capacity to develop policy reflecting teacher beliefs and attitudes. Q-methodology is used as a constructivist approach to the formulation of an ICT policy. Data capture was a mix of Q-methodology and qualitative principles. Data was analyzed by means of document, content and cluster analysis methods. Findings were threefold: First, teachers’ beliefs and attitudes about ICT policy influenced a consensus approach by including teachers as policy decision-makers. Second, given the opportunity, teachers have the inherent ability to deconstruct and critically engage with policy statements according to their own professional beliefs and attitudes. And third, an inclusive approach to policy formulation may inform the practice of school leaders and policymakers alike on how schools may develop their own policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title="ICT">ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20beliefs" title=" teacher beliefs"> teacher beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consensus" title=" consensus"> consensus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3087/a-consensus-approach-to-the-formulation-of-a-school-ict-policy-a-q-methodology-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">750</span> Drawings Reveal Beliefs of Japanese University Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakae%20Suzuki">Sakae Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although Japanese students study English for six years in secondary schools, they demonstrate little success with it when they enter higher education. Learners’ beliefs can predict the future behavior of students, so it may be effective to investigate how learners’ beliefs limit their success and how beliefs might be nudged in a positive direction. While many researchers still depend on a questionnaire called BALLI to reveal explicit beliefs, alternative approaches, especially those designed to reveal implicit beliefs, might be helpful for promoting learning. The present study seeks to identify beliefs with a discursive approach using visual metaphors and narratives. Employing a sociocultural framework, this study investigates how students’ beliefs are revealed by drawings of themselves and their surrounding environments and artifacts while they are engaged in language learning. Research questions are: (1) Can we identify beliefs through an analysis of students’ visual narratives? (2) What environments and artifacts can be found in students’ drawings, and what do they mean? (3) To what extent do students see language learning as a solitary, rather than a social, activity? Participants are university students majoring in science and technology in Japan. The questionnaire was administered to 70 entering students in April, 2014. Data included students drawings of themselves as learners of English as well as written descriptions of students’ backgrounds, English-learning experiences, and analogies and metaphors that they used in written descriptions of themselves as learners. Data will be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Anticipated results include students’ perceptions of themselves as language learners, including their sense of agency, awareness of artifacts, and social contexts of language learning. Comments will be made on implications for teaching, as well as the use of visual narratives as research tools, and recommended further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drawings" title="drawings">drawings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learners%27%20beliefs" title=" learners' beliefs"> learners' beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphors" title=" metaphors"> metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BALLI" title=" BALLI "> BALLI </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24371/drawings-reveal-beliefs-of-japanese-university-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">749</span> Inequalities in Higher Education and Students’ Perceptions of Factors Influencing Academic Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violetta%20Parutis">Violetta Parutis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This qualitative study aims to answer the following research questions: i) What are the factors that students perceive as relevant to a) promoting and b) preventing good grades? ii) How does socio-economic status (SES) feature in those beliefs? We conducted in-depth interviews with 19 first- and second-year undergraduates of varying SES at a research-intensive university in the UK. The interviews yielded eight factors that students perceived as promoting and six perceived as preventing good grades. The findings suggested one significant difference between the beliefs of low and high SES students in that low SES students perceive themselves to be at a greater disadvantage to their peers while high SES students do not have such beliefs. This could have knock-on effects on their performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20class" title="social class">social class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title=" academic performance"> academic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20beliefs" title=" students’ beliefs"> students’ beliefs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83518/inequalities-in-higher-education-and-students-perceptions-of-factors-influencing-academic-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">748</span> For Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Counselors in China, the United States, and around the Globe, Cultural Beliefs Offer Challenges and Opportunities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Giles">Anne Giles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trauma is generally defined as an experience, or multiple experiences, overwhelming a person's ability to cope. Over time, many people recover from the neurobiological, physical, and emotional effects of trauma on their own. For some people, however, troubling symptoms develop over time that can result in distress and disability. This cluster of symptoms is classified as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). People who meet the criteria for PTSD and other trauma-related disorder diagnoses often hold a set of understandable but unfounded beliefs about traumatic events that cause undue suffering. Becoming aware of unhelpful beliefs—termed "cognitive distortions"—and challenging them is the realm of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). A form of CBT found by researchers to be especially effective for PTSD is Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). Through the compassionate use of CPT, people identify, examine, challenge, and relinquish unhelpful beliefs, thereby reducing symptoms and suffering. Widely-held cultural beliefs can interfere with the progress of recovery from trauma-related disorders. Although highly revered, largely unquestioned, and often stabilizing, cultural beliefs can be founded in simplistic, dichotomous thinking, i.e., things are all right, or all wrong, all good, or all bad. The reality, however, is nuanced and complex. After studying examples of cultural beliefs from China and the United States and how these might interfere with trauma recovery, trauma counselors can help clients derive criteria for preserving helpful beliefs, discover, examine, and jettison unhelpful beliefs, reduce trauma symptoms, and live their lives more freely and fully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20processing%20therapy%20%28CPT%29" title="cognitive processing therapy (CPT)">cognitive processing therapy (CPT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20beliefs" title=" cultural beliefs"> cultural beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-traumatic%20stress%20disorder%20%28PTSD%29" title=" post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)"> post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20recovery" title=" trauma recovery"> trauma recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136440/for-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-counselors-in-china-the-united-states-and-around-the-globe-cultural-beliefs-offer-challenges-and-opportunities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">747</span> What are Parents of Teacher Candidates’ Belief Towards Teaching as a Profession?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chua%20Lee%20Chuan">Chua Lee Chuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to explore parents’ beliefs towards the teaching profession. This survey was conducted on 51 parents of teacher candidates in a teacher training institute. A research instrument, using questionnaires, adapted from FIT-Choice scale developed by Richardson and Watt (2006) was used to collect data from the population. The findings showed that parents, in general, have positive attitudes towards the teaching profession. They perceived teaching as a career highly valued by the society. Though the teaching job was viewed as difficult and requiring high expertise, the salary received commensurate their hard work and heavy workload. In terms of gender, male and female parents did not differ in their beliefs about the teaching profession. However, results indicated that educational attainment and income level had significant effect on parents’ beliefs on teaching as a profession. Implications and recommendations in relation to the findings are also included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title="beliefs">beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20profession" title=" teaching profession"> teaching profession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20candidates" title=" teacher candidates"> teacher candidates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33076/what-are-parents-of-teacher-candidates-belief-towards-teaching-as-a-profession" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">746</span> Digital Dialogue Game, Epistemic Beliefs, Argumentation and Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Noroozi">Omid Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Mulder"> Martin Mulder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The motivational potential of educational games is undeniable especially for teaching topics and skills that are difficult to deal with in traditional educational situations such as argumentation competence. Willingness to argue has an association with student epistemic beliefs, which can influence whether, and the way in which students engage in argumentative discourse activities and critical discussion. The goal of this study was to explore how undergraduate students engage with argumentative discourse activities which have been designed to intensify debate, and whether epistemic beliefs are significant to the outcomes. A pre-test, post-test design was used with students who were assigned to groups of four. They were asked to argue a controversial topic with the aim of exploring various perspectives, and the 'pros and cons' on the topic of 'Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)'. The results show that the game facilitated argumentative discourse and a willingness to argue and challenged peers, regardless of students’ epistemic beliefs. Furthermore, the game was evaluated positively in terms of students’ motivation and satisfaction with the learning experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumentation" title="argumentation">argumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudinal%20change" title=" attitudinal change"> attitudinal change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epistemic%20beliefs" title=" epistemic beliefs"> epistemic beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogue" title=" dialogue"> dialogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20game%20objectives%20and%20theoretical" title=" digital game objectives and theoretical"> digital game objectives and theoretical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39383/digital-dialogue-game-epistemic-beliefs-argumentation-and-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">745</span> Evaluation Practices in Colombia: Between Beliefs and National Exams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilsa%20Lorduy">Danilsa Lorduy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliana%20Valle"> Liliana Valle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment and evaluation are inextricable parts of the teaching learning process. Evaluation practices concerns are gaining popularity among curriculum developers an educational researchers, particularly in Colombian regions where English language is taught as a foreign language EFL. This study addressed one of those issues, which are the unbalanced in –services’ evaluation practices perceived in school classes. They present predominance on the written test among the procedures they use to evaluate; therefore, the purpose of this case study was to explore in-service teachers’ evaluation practices, their beliefs about evaluation and to establish an eventual connection between practices and beliefs. To this end, classroom observations, questionnaires, and a semi structured interview were applied to three in-service English teachers from different schools in a city in Colombia. The findings suggested that teachers’ beliefs indicate a formative inclination and they actually are using a variety of procedures different from test but they seem to have some issues regarding their appropriateness for application Moreover, it was found that teachers’ practices are being influenced by external factors such as school requirements and national policies. It could be concluded that the predominance in using tests is not only elicited by teachers’ beliefs but also by national test results 'Pruebas Saber' and law 115 demanding. It was also suggested that further quantitative research is needed to demonstrate connections between overuse of testing procedures and 'Pruebas Saber' national test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title="beliefs">beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20factors" title=" external factors"> external factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20test" title=" national test "> national test </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112489/evaluation-practices-in-colombia-between-beliefs-and-national-exams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">744</span> From Private Bodies to a Shareable Body Politic. A Theological Solution to a Foundational Political Problem.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Downey">Patrick Downey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The political problem besetting all nations, tribes, and families, as illuminated by Plato in the fifth book of his Republic, is the problem of our own private body with its own particular pleasures and pains. This problem we might label the “irrational love of one’s own.” The reasonable philosopher loves reality just because it is, but we love things only if we can convince ourselves that they are “ours” or an imaginative extension of “ours.” The resulting problem, that can only be medicated, but not cured, is that the “body private,” whether our own, our family, tribe, or nation, always lies underneath any level of “body politic” and threatens the bloodshed and disintegration of civil war. This is also the political problem the Bible deals with throughout, beginning with Adam and Eve’s fall from rationally shareable bodies (“the two were one flesh”) into unshareable bodies whose now shameful “privacy” must be hid behind a bloody rather than bloodless veil. The blood is the sign of always threatening civil war, whether murder between brothers, feuds within tribes, or later, war between nations. The scarlet thread of blood tying the entire Bible together, Old and New Testament, reminds us that however far our loves are pushed out beyond our private body to family, tribe or nation, they remain irrational because unshareable. Only by loving the creator God who first loved us, can we rationally love anything of our own, but it must be loved as gift rather than as a possession. Such a love renders all bodies and nations truly shareable, and achieving this shareability is the paradoxical plot of the Bible, wherein the Word becomes flesh in a particular body amidst a particular people and nation. Yet even with His own nation and His own Son, this Lord is not “partial” and demands justice towards widows, orphans, and sojourners, because the irrational love of only our own can become rational solely through the resurrection of this particular body, king of this particular nation and these particular people. His body, along with all other bodies, can thus now retain their particular wounds and history, while yet remaining shareable. Likewise, all nations will share in the nation of Israel, in the same way all distinct languages will share an understanding through the inner rational word that we see illustrated in Pentecost. Without the resurrection, however, this shareability of bodies and nations remains merely a useful fiction, as Plato saw, and the equally fictitious “rationality” of some sort of deductive universalism will not go away. Reading Scripture in terms of Plato’s “irrational love of one’s own” therefore raises questions for both a Protestant and Catholic understanding of nations, questions that neither can answer adequately without this philosophical and exegetical attention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20private" title="body private">body private</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nations" title=" nations"> nations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shareability" title=" shareability"> shareability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20politic" title=" body politic"> body politic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166361/from-private-bodies-to-a-shareable-body-politic-a-theological-solution-to-a-foundational-political-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">743</span> How Unpleasant Emotions, Morals and Normative Beliefs of Severity Relate to Cyberbullying Intentions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20C.%20Ferreira">Paula C. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Margarida%20Veiga%20Sim%C3%A3o"> Ana Margarida Veiga Simão</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%C3%A1dia%20Pereira"> Nádia Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aristides%20Ferreira"> Aristides Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Marques%20Pinto"> Alexandra Marques Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Barros"> Alexandra Barros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitor%20Martinho"> Vitor Martinho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyberbullying is a phenomenon of worldwide concern regarding children and adolescents’ mental health and risk behavior. Bystanders of this phenomenon can help diminish the incidence of this phenomenon if they engage in pro-social behavior. However, different social-cognitive and affective bystander reactions may surface because of the lack of contextual information and emotional cues in cyberbullying situations. Hence, this study investigated how cyberbullying bystanders’ unpleasant emotions could be related to their personal moral beliefs and their behavioral intentions to cyberbully or defend the victim. It also proposed to investigate how their normative beliefs of perceived severity about cyberbullying behavior could be related to their personal moral beliefs and their behavioral intentions. Three groups of adolescents participated in this study, namely a first of group 402 students (5th – 12th graders; Mage = 13.12; SD = 2.19; 55.7% girls) to compute explorative factorial analyses of the instruments used; a second group of 676 students (5th – 12th graders; Mage = 14.10; SD = 2.74; 55.5% were boys) to run confirmatory factor analyses; and a third group (N = 397; 5th – 12th graders; Mage = 13.88 years; SD = 1.45; 55.5% girls) to perform the main analyses to test the research hypotheses. Self-report measures were used, such as the Personal moral beliefs about cyberbullying behavior questionnaire, the Normative beliefs of perceived severity about cyberbullying behavior questionnaire, the Unpleasant emotions about cyberbullying incidents questionnaires, and the Bystanders’ behavioral intentions in cyberbullying situations questionnaires. Path analysis results revealed that unpleasant emotions were mediators of the relationship between adolescent cyberbullying bystanders’ personal moral beliefs and their intentions to help the victims in cyberbullying situations. Moreover, adolescent cyberbullying bystanders’ normative beliefs of gravity were mediators of the relationship between their personal moral beliefs and their intentions to cyberbully others. These findings provide insights for the development of prevention and intervention programs that promote social and emotional learning strategies as a means to prevent and intervene in cyberbullying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyberbullying" title="cyberbullying">cyberbullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normative%20beliefs%20of%20perceived%20severity" title=" normative beliefs of perceived severity"> normative beliefs of perceived severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20moral%20beliefs" title=" personal moral beliefs"> personal moral beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unpleasant%20emotions" title=" unpleasant emotions"> unpleasant emotions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142308/how-unpleasant-emotions-morals-and-normative-beliefs-of-severity-relate-to-cyberbullying-intentions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">742</span> Teacher Candidates' Beliefs About Inclusive Teaching Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlotte%20Brenner">Charlotte Brenner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teachers’ beleifs about inclusion are foundational to their implementation of inclusive teaching practices. Utilizing a longitudinal design and multiple case study methodology, this study investigates how teacher candidates’ instructional and practicum experiences shape their beliefs about inclusion in one teacher education program located in western Canada (N=20). Interview questions were developed through the lens of self-determinaiton theory and theory about teachers’ beleifs and inclusion. Preliminary thematic ananysis indicates that a 36-hour course focused on diversity and inclusion supports teacher candiates to deepen their understandings of: the need for inclusion in classrooms and strategies to promote inclusion. Furthermore, teacher candiates identified course components that fostered their developing understandings of inclusion. Future data will examine the stability of teacher candidates’ beliefs about inclusion and their implementation of inclusive teaching strategies throughout their practicum experiences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20candidates" title="teacher candidates">teacher candidates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title=" inclusion"> inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education%20programs" title=" teacher education programs"> teacher education programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title=" beliefs"> beliefs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168107/teacher-candidates-beliefs-about-inclusive-teaching-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">741</span> Religious Beliefs versus Child’s Rights: Anti-Vaccine Movement in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20Luh%20Bayu%20PurwaEka%20Payani">Ni Luh Bayu PurwaEka Payani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Destin%20Ristanti"> Destin Ristanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every child has the right to be healthy, and it is a parents’ obligation to fulfill their rights. In order to be healthy and prevented from the outbreak of infectious diseases, some vaccines are required. However, there are groups of people, who consider that vaccines consist of religiously forbidden ingredients. The government of Indonesia legally set the rule that all children must be vaccinated. However, merely based on religious beliefs and not supported by scientific evidence, these people ignore the vaccination. As a result, this anti-vaccine movement caused diphtheria outbreak in 2017. Categorized as a vulnerable group, child`s rights must be fulfilled in any forms. This paper tries to analyze the contradiction between religious beliefs and the fulfillment of child`s rights. Furthermore, it tries to identify the anti-vaccine movement as a form of human rights violation, especially regarding child's rights. This has been done by examining the event of the outbreak of diphtheria in 20 provinces of Indonesia. Furthermore, interview and literature reviews have been done to support the analysis. Through this process, it becomes clear that the anti-vaccine movements driven by religious beliefs did influence the outbreak of diphtheria. Hence, the anti-vaccine movements ignore the long-term effects not only on their own children’s health but also others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-vaccine%20movement" title="anti-vaccine movement">anti-vaccine movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20rights" title=" child rights"> child rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20beliefs" title=" religious beliefs"> religious beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20health" title=" right to health"> right to health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96255/religious-beliefs-versus-childs-rights-anti-vaccine-movement-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">740</span> Effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy in Metacognitive Beliefs, Anxiety and Social Phobia of Male High School Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Hasanvandi">Saba Hasanvandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Molok%20Khademi%20Ashkezari"> Molok Khademi Ashkezari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niloofar%20Esmaieli"> Niloofar Esmaieli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research purpose was to assess the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in metacognitive beliefs, anxiety and social phobia of male students studying in the high schools of Dargaz City. The sample comprised 30 students who were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The kind of this study was experimental study with pre-ops and follow-up stages. Subjects filled out metacognitive beliefs, anxiety and social phobia questionnaires. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of therapeutic metacognitive sessions. The group therapy was conducted for ten, weekly, 90-minute sessions. Mankova analysis was utilized to analyze the data. Results revealed that metacognitive group therapy decreased metacognitive beliefs (P=0.007), anxiety (P<0.001) and social phobia (P=<0.017) in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy was stable and consistent after one month of time interval. The results of present study can be effective for mental health professional in reaching a better understanding of anxiety and social phobia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20metacognitive%20therapy" title="group metacognitive therapy">group metacognitive therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognitive%20beliefs" title=" metacognitive beliefs"> metacognitive beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20phobia" title=" social phobia"> social phobia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20school%20students" title=" high school students "> high school students </a> </p> <a 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