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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trans-Karakoram Tract</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कराकोरम-पार इलाका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कराकोरम-पार इलाका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensi%C3%B3_Trans-Karakoram" title="Extensió Trans-Karakoram – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Extensió Trans-Karakoram" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaksgam-Tal" title="Shaksgam-Tal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shaksgam-Tal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_Shaksgam" title="Valle Shaksgam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valle Shaksgam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="منطقه ماورای قراقروم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه ماورای قراقروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_de_Shaksgam" title="Vallée de Shaksgam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vallée de Shaksgam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="ट्रांस काराकोरम ट्रैक्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्रांस काराकोरम ट्रैक्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaksgam" title="Shaksgam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shaksgam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אזור עבר קארקוראם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזור עבר קארקוראם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ട്രാൻസ്-കാരക്കോറം ട്രാക്റ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ട്രാൻസ്-കാരക്കോറം ട്രാക്റ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaksgam" title="Shaksgam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shaksgam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E5%9B%9E%E5%BB%8A" title="カラコルム回廊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カラコルム回廊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%92_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="قراقرم پرے علاقہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قراقرم پرے علاقہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_de_Shaksgam" title="Vale de Shaksgam – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vale de Shaksgam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Долина Кырчинбулака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Долина Кырчинбулака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Trans-Karakoram Tract" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="ట్రాన్స్-కారకోరం ట్రాక్ట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ట్రాన్స్-కారకోరం ట్రాక్ట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eaksgam_Vadisi" title="Şaksgam Vadisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şaksgam Vadisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Долина Шаксгама – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Долина Шаксгама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="ماورائے قراقرم علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماورائے قراقرم علاقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A" title="喀喇昆仑走廊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喀喇昆仑走廊" 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and other data for this location">36.02583°N 76.64611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.02583; 76.64611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese-administered area of Kashmir</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region administered by China as a part of Xinjiang</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Trans-Karakoram Tract</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Shaksgam Tract</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Region administered by <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> as a part of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract is located in Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin"><img alt="Trans-Karakoram Tract is located in Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief_location_map.svg/300px-Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief_location_map.svg/450px-Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief_location_map.svg/600px-Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="582" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.96%;left:15.548%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Trans-Karakoram Tract"><img alt="Trans-Karakoram Tract" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>Trans-Karakoram Tract</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the Trans-Karakoram Tract within the Southern <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region is disputed by India</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&params=36_01_33_N_76_38_46_E_type:landmark_region:CN-XJ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°01′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°38′46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.02583°N 76.64611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.02583; 76.64611</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Administering state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">County</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County">Taxkorgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kargilik_County" title="Kargilik County">Kargilik</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,180 km<sup>2</sup> (2,000 sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg/300px-Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg/450px-Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg/600px-Kashmir_Region_November_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1566" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> map of the former <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> with present-day borders, showing the Trans-Karakoram Tract in the northern part of the state (hatched red)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Trans-Karakoram Tract</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">喀喇昆仑走廊</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng</span></i>), also known as the <b>Shaksgam Tract</b> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">شکسگام</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">Shaksgām</i></span>), is an area of approximately 5,200 km<sup>2</sup> (2,000 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> north of the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> watershed, including the <a href="/wiki/Shaksgam_River" title="Shaksgam River">Shaksgam valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden,_Understanding_Kashmir_and_Kashmiris2015238_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden,_Understanding_Kashmir_and_Kashmiris2015238-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchofield,_Kashmir_in_Conflict2003101_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchofield,_Kashmir_in_Conflict2003101-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tract is administered by China as part of its <a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County">Taxkorgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yecheng_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yecheng County">Yecheng</a> counties in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a>. Although the Shaksgam tract was originally under the control of India following the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">accession of Jammu and Kashmir</a> to India in 1947, Pakistan took control of the region after the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">First India-Pakistan War</a> and subsequently ceded it to China in 1963 through the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Pakistan_Agreement" title="Sino-Pakistan Agreement">Sino-Pakistan Agreement</a>, and a border based on actual ground positions was recognized as the international border by China and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shaksgam Tract, along with the entire Kashmir region, is claimed by India.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3rdedition_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3rdedition-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, New Delhi has never accepted the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Pakistan_Agreement" title="Sino-Pakistan Agreement">China-Pakistan boundary pact</a>, asserting that Islamabad "unlawfully" attempted to cede the area to Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the tract is composed of the Shaksgam Valley and was formerly administered as part of <a href="/wiki/Shigar_District" title="Shigar District">Shigar</a>, a district (formerly a <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">tehsil</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a> region. A polo ground in Shaksgam was built by the Amacha Royal family of Shigar, and the Rajas of Shigar used to invite the Amirs of <a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a> to play polo there.<sup id="cite_ref-Sering_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sering-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the names of the mountains, lakes, rivers and passes are in Balti/Ladakhi, suggesting that this land had been part of Baltistan/Ladakh region for a long time. </p><p>The tract is one of the most inhospitable areas of the world, with some of the highest mountains. Bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Mountains" title="Kunlun Mountains">Kunlun Mountains</a> in the north, and the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> peaks to the south, including <a href="/wiki/Broad_Peak" title="Broad Peak">Broad Peak</a>, <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gasherbrum" title="Gasherbrum">Gasherbrum</a>, on the southeast it is adjacent to the highest battlefield in the world on the <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a> region which is controlled by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1888_Survey_of_India_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1888_Survey_of_India_map.jpg/300px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1888_Survey_of_India_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1888_Survey_of_India_map.jpg/450px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1888_Survey_of_India_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1888_Survey_of_India_map.jpg/600px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1888_Survey_of_India_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5113" data-file-height="3513" /></a><figcaption>Boundary of Kashmir in the 1888 <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_India" title="Survey of India">Survey of India</a> map of India. The undefined boundary shown in dash line from <a href="/wiki/Malubiting" title="Malubiting">Malubiting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raskam" class="mw-redirect" title="Raskam">Raskam</a>, Aktagh to Karakunlun Shan <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&params=35.28312_N_80.261863_E_region:CN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°16′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°15′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.28312°N 80.261863°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.28312; 80.261863</span></span></span></a></span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_India_and_Pakistan_1-250,000_Tile_NI_43-4_Chulung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Map_India_and_Pakistan_1-250%2C000_Tile_NI_43-4_Chulung.jpg/300px-Map_India_and_Pakistan_1-250%2C000_Tile_NI_43-4_Chulung.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Map_India_and_Pakistan_1-250%2C000_Tile_NI_43-4_Chulung.jpg/450px-Map_India_and_Pakistan_1-250%2C000_Tile_NI_43-4_Chulung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Map_India_and_Pakistan_1-250%2C000_Tile_NI_43-4_Chulung.jpg/600px-Map_India_and_Pakistan_1-250%2C000_Tile_NI_43-4_Chulung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3791" /></a><figcaption>Detailed map showing part of the Trans-Karakoram Tract near the <a href="/wiki/Shaksgam_River" title="Shaksgam River">Shaksgam River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">United States Army Map Service</a>, 1953)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaksgam_valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shaksgam_valley.jpg/300px-Shaksgam_valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shaksgam_valley.jpg/450px-Shaksgam_valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shaksgam_valley.jpg/600px-Shaksgam_valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Shaksgam Valley (<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a>) photographed in August 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically the people of <a href="/wiki/Hunza_(princely_state)" title="Hunza (princely state)">Hunza</a> cultivated and grazed areas to the north of the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mir_of_Hunza" title="Mir of Hunza">Mir of Hunza</a> claimed those areas as part of Hunza's territories. Those areas included the <a href="/wiki/Raskam" class="mw-redirect" title="Raskam">Raskam</a> Valley, north of the Shaksgam Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Lall_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lall-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1889 the first expedition to the Shaksgam Valley by a European was undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Younghusband" title="Francis Younghusband">Francis Younghusband</a> (who referred to the Shaksgam as the Oprang).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1899 the British proposed, in a formal Note from Sir <a href="/wiki/Claude_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude MacDonald">Claude MacDonald</a> to China, a new boundary between China and British India. The Note proposed that China should relinquish its claims to suzerainty over Hunza, and in return Hunza should relinquish its claims to most of the <a href="/wiki/Taghdumbash_Pamir" title="Taghdumbash Pamir">Taghdumbash</a> and Raskam districts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970102,_366_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970102,_366-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Note proposed a border which broadly followed the main <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> crest dividing the watersheds of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_River" title="Tarim River">Tarim River</a>, but with a variation to pass through a Hunza post at Darwaza near the <a href="/wiki/Shimshal" title="Shimshal">Shimshal</a> Pass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970102,_366_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970102,_366-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese did not respond to the Note and the Indian government never revisited the boundary in the same form again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers197074–75,_102_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers197074–75,_102-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Macartney-MacDonald_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Macartney-MacDonald Line">MacDonald line</a> was modified in 1905 to include in India a small area east of the Shimshal Pass, to put the border on a stretch of the Shaksgam River.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970308_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970308-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, in view of "<a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Game">The Great Game</a>", Britain was concerned at the danger of Russian expansion as <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> China weakened and so adopted a policy of claiming a border north of the Shaksgam River. This followed a line proposed by Sir John Ardagh in a Memorandum of 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That border included the Mir of Hunza's claim over the Raskam Valley. However, British administration never extended north of the Karakoram watershed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gazetteer" title="Gazetteer">Gazetteer</a> of Kashmír and Ladákh, first published in 1890 and compiled under the direction of the Quarter Master General in India in the Intelligence Branch, gives a description and details of places inside Kashmir. It includes a description of the Híñdutásh Pass in north eastern Kashmir in the <a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a>. The Gazetteer states in pages 520 and 364 that “The eastern (Kuenlun) range forms the southern boundary of Khotan”, “and is crossed by two passes, the Yangi or Elchi Diwan, .... and the Hindutak (i.e. Híñdutásh ) Díwán”. It describes <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a> as “ A province of the Chinese Empire lying to the north of the Eastern Kuenlun range, which here forms the boundary of Ladák".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1899 until the independence of India and creation of Pakistan in 1947, the representation of the border on maps varied. In 1926 <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Mason_(geographer)" title="Kenneth Mason (geographer)">Kenneth Mason</a> explored and surveyed the Shaksgam Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927 the Government of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> abandoned any claim to the area north of the MacDonald line, but the decision did not find its way on to British maps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107,_298_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107,_298-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1959, however, Chinese maps were published showing large areas west and south of the MacDonald line in China. That year, the Government of Pakistan announced its willingness to consult on the boundary question.<sup id="cite_ref-ibs_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1947, India has claimed sovereignty over the entire area of the pre-1947 independent state of Jammu and Kashmir and maintains that Pakistan and China do not share a common border. </p><p>In 1954 the <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Atlas" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Atlas">Times Atlas</a></i> predominantly depicted the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract (the region between the Karakoram and Kuen Lun mountains) as a part of Kashmir under the caption <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~225351~5506055:Pakistan,-Kashmir,-Afghanistan--Pla?qvq=q%3AAfghanistan%3Bsort%3Apub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort%3Blc%3ARUMSEY~8~1&sort=pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort&mi=70&trs=389">"Undefined Frontier area"</a>. The northern border published by the 1954 <i>Times Atlas</i> more or less followed the watershed of the Kuen Lun range from the Taghdumbash Pamir to the Yangi Dawan pass north of Kulanaldi, but east of the Yangi Dawan Pass, the border deviated from the watershed of the Kuen Lun range on the edge of the highlands of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sino-Pakistan_Frontier_Agreement">Sino-Pakistan Frontier Agreement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sino-Pakistan Frontier Agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sino-Pakistan_Agreement" title="Sino-Pakistan Agreement">Sino-Pakistan Agreement</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alignment_Official_Pakistan_map_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Alignment_Official_Pakistan_map_1962.jpg/300px-Alignment_Official_Pakistan_map_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Alignment_Official_Pakistan_map_1962.jpg/450px-Alignment_Official_Pakistan_map_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Alignment_Official_Pakistan_map_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>Official alignment of the Government of Pakistan in 1962. The border is in the extreme north and is depicted as a dotted line with the caption Alignment Official Pakistan Map 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1959, the Pakistani government became concerned over Chinese maps that showed areas the Pakistanis considered their own as part of China. In 1961, <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)">Ayub Khan</a> sent a formal note to China; there was no reply. It is thought that the Chinese might not have been motivated to negotiate with Pakistan because of Pakistan's relations with India. </p><p>In 1962 the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> published an official map depicting the alignment of the northern border of Kashmir, which depicted much of the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract as part of Kashmir. The alignment published by the Government of Pakistan was mostly similar to the portrayal of the northern Border of Kashmir depicted in the 1954 Times Atlas, though in places, the Government of Pakistan's position deviated from the 1954 Times Atlas, and included areas as part of Kashmir which were to the north of the border of Kashmir shown in the Times Atlas. Thus the official position of the Government of Pakistan prior to the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Agreement was that the northern border of Pakistan was on the Kuen Lun range, and the territory ceded by the Government of Pakistan was not just restricted to the Shaksgam Valley but extended to the Kuen Lun range. For an idea of the extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=125">a view the map</a> (C) from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=125">Joe Schwartzberg's Historical Atlas of South Asia at DSAL in Chicago</a> with the caption, "The boundary of Kashmir with China as portrayed and proposed by <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> prior to 1947" would show that the geographical and territorial extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract is more or less the territory enclosed between the northernmost line and the innermost lines. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7_15_BroadPeak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/7_15_BroadPeak.jpg/300px-7_15_BroadPeak.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/7_15_BroadPeak.jpg/450px-7_15_BroadPeak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/7_15_BroadPeak.jpg/600px-7_15_BroadPeak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Broad_Peak" title="Broad Peak">Broad Peak</a> lies on the border of the Tract</figcaption></figure> <p>After Pakistan voted to grant China a seat in the United Nations, the Chinese withdrew the disputed maps in January 1962, agreeing to enter border talks in March. Negotiations between the nations officially began on October 13, 1962, and resulted in the Sino-Pakistan Agreement signed on 2 March 1963 by foreign ministers <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(communist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chen Yi (communist)">Chen Yi</a> of China and <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indian government took the view that the agreement resulted in the surrendering of a significant area to China. In the opinion of <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, "According to the survey of Pakistan maps, even those published in 1962, about 11,000 square miles [28,000 km<sup>2</sup>] of <a href="/wiki/Sinkiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinkiang">Sinkiang</a> territory formed part of Kashmir. If one goes by these maps, Pakistan has obviously surrendered over 12,810.87 square miles [33,180.0 km<sup>2</sup>] of territory".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Glaciers</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yinsugaiti_Glacier" title="Yinsugaiti Glacier">Yinsugaiti Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpo_Laggo_Glacier" title="Sarpo Laggo Glacier">Sarpo Laggo Glacier</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>AGPL (Actual Ground Position Line), south to north runs through the following</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NJ9842" title="NJ9842">NJ9842</a>, LoC ends and AGPL begins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyong_La" title="Gyong La">Gyong La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumik_Glacier" title="Chumik Glacier">Chumik Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltoro_Mountains" title="Saltoro Mountains">Saltoro Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltoro_Kangri" title="Saltoro Kangri">Saltoro Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent_Kangri" title="Ghent Kangri">Ghent Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilafond_La" title="Bilafond La">Bilafond La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_La" title="Sia La">Sia La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Col" title="Indira Col">Indira Col</a>, AGPL ends at LAC</li></ul> <dl><dt>Borders</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actual_Ground_Position_Line" title="Actual Ground Position Line">Actual Ground Position Line</a> (AGPL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border" title="India–Pakistan border">India–Pakistan International Border</a> (IB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> (LoC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Line of Actual Control</a> (LAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Creek" title="Sir Creek">Sir Creek</a> (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">Borders of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_India" title="Borders of India">Borders of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders of Pakistan</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Conflicts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Territorial_disputes_of_China" title="Category:Territorial disputes of China">List of disputed territories of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disputed_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of disputed territories of India">List of disputed territories of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Territorial_disputes_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Territorial disputes of Pakistan">List of disputed territories of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Areas">Northern Areas</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Operations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a>, by India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rajiv" title="Operation Rajiv">Operation Rajiv</a>, by India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Safed_Sagar" title="Operation Safed Sagar">Operation Safed Sagar</a>, by India</li></ul> <dl><dt>Other related topics</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bana_Singh" title="Bana Singh">Bana Singh</a>, after whom Quaid Post was renamed to Bana Top</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafdar" title="Dafdar">Dafdar</a>, westernmost town in Trans-Karakoram Tract</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India-China_Border_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="India-China Border Roads">India-China Border Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">List of extreme points of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pakistan_Agreement" title="Sino-Pakistan Agreement">Sino-Pakistan Agreement</a> for transfer of Trans-Karakoram Tract to China</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a> is under Indian administration despite being labelled "contested territory" in the map.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTrivei2019" class="citation web cs1">Trivei, Abishek (8 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2019/07/abhishek-trivedi-sino-pakistan-boundary/">"Why the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement Is Unlawful in Light of the Recent ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago, 2019"</a>. <i>www.jurist.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jurist.org&rft.atitle=Why+the+1963+Sino-Pakistan+Boundary+Agreement+Is+Unlawful+in+Light+of+the+Recent+ICJ+Advisory+Opinion+on+the+Chagos+Archipelago%2C+2019&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft.aulast=Trivei&rft.aufirst=Abishek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurist.org%2Fcommentary%2F2019%2F07%2Fabhishek-trivedi-sino-pakistan-boundary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden,_Understanding_Kashmir_and_Kashmiris2015238-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden,_Understanding_Kashmir_and_Kashmiris2015238_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnedden,_Understanding_Kashmir_and_Kashmiris2015">Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris 2015</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchofield,_Kashmir_in_Conflict2003101-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchofield,_Kashmir_in_Conflict2003101_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchofield,_Kashmir_in_Conflict2003">Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoorani2006" class="citation web cs1">Noorani, A. G. (20 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30211220.ece">"Facing the truth"</a>. <i>Frontline</i>. <q>The Shaksgam Valley was never part of Kashmir and the northern and eastern boundaries of Kashmir were undefined</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Facing+the+truth&rft.date=2006-10-20&rft.aulast=Noorani&rft.aufirst=A.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fworld-affairs%2Farticle30211220.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318005638/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870184,00.html">"Signing with the Red Chinese"</a>. <i>Time (magazine)</i>. 15 March 1963. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870184,00.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+%28magazine%29&rft.atitle=Signing+with+the+Red+Chinese&rft.date=1963-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C870184%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR_Chandrashekhar2017" class="citation book cs1">R Chandrashekhar (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cenjows.gov.in/pdf/Layout_THE-GILGIT-AND-BALTISTAN-REGIONS-OF-J&K_%20Inside_28-11-17.pdf"><i>THE GILGIT AND BALTISTAN REGIONS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>: Xtreme Office Aids Pvt. Ltd. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-84492-36-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-84492-36-6"><bdi>978-93-84492-36-6</bdi></a>. <q>An area that is legally part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir has since 1963 been administered by China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Prior to 1963 the Shaksgam tract had been administered as a part of Shigar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+GILGIT+AND+BALTISTAN+REGIONS+OF+JAMMU+AND+KASHMIR+STATE&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Xtreme+Office+Aids+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-93-84492-36-6&rft.au=R+Chandrashekhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenjows.gov.in%2Fpdf%2FLayout_THE-GILGIT-AND-BALTISTAN-REGIONS-OF-J%26K_%2520Inside_28-11-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3rdedition-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3rdedition_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016"><i>Complete Atlas Of The World</i></a> (3 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>. 2016. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016/page/n239">238</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>(claimed by India)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Atlas+Of+The+World&rft.pages=238&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-protest-china-infra-development-shaksgam-valley-9303777/">"India lodges protest with China over its infra development in Shaksgam valley"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 2024-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=India+lodges+protest+with+China+over+its+infra+development+in+Shaksgam+valley&rft.date=2024-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-protest-china-infra-development-shaksgam-valley-9303777%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sering-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sering_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senge Sering, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.claws.in/732/polo-diplomacy-as-part-of-indo-pak-cbms-any-takers-senge-sering.html">Polo Diplomacy as Part of Indo-Pak CBMs: Any Takers?</a>, Centre for Land Warfare Studies, 1 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lall-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lall_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLall1989" class="citation cs2">Lall, J. S. (1989), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OlJuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Aksaichin and Sino-Indian Conflict</i></a>, Allied Publishers, p. 85</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aksaichin+and+Sino-Indian+Conflict&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Lall&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOlJuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounghusband1896" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Younghusband" title="Francis Younghusband">Younghusband, Francis</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Avk88OI8bQkC"><i>The Heart of a Continent</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. pp. 200ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120608504" title="Special:BookSources/9788120608504"><bdi>9788120608504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heart+of+a+Continent&rft.pages=200ff&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1896&rft.isbn=9788120608504&rft.aulast=Younghusband&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAvk88OI8bQkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970102,_366-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970102,_366_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970102,_366_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970">Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers (1970)</a>, pp. 102, 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers197074–75,_102-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers197074–75,_102_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970">Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers (1970)</a>, pp. 74–75, 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970308-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970308_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970">Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers (1970)</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970">Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers (1970)</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970">Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers (1970)</a>, p. 298, citing Alistair Lamb in the <i>Australian Outlook</i>, December 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Gazetteer of Kashmír and Ladák compiled under the direction of the Quarter Master General in India in the Intelligence Branch (1890), at page 493</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mason_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Mason_(geographer)" title="Kenneth Mason (geographer)">Mason, Kenneth</a> (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LrbVqD06aXYC"><i>Exploration of the Shaksgam Valley and Aghil ranges, 1926</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. pp. 72ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120617940" title="Special:BookSources/9788120617940"><bdi>9788120617940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploration+of+the+Shaksgam+Valley+and+Aghil+ranges%2C+1926&rft.pages=72ff&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1928&rft.isbn=9788120617940&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrbVqD06aXYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107,_298-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970107,_298_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970">Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers (1970)</a>, pp. 107, 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibs-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibs_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Geographer._Office_of_the_Geographer._Bureau_of_Intelligence_and_Research._Department_of_State,_United_States_of_America1968" class="citation cs2">The Geographer. Office of the Geographer. Bureau of Intelligence and Research. Department of State, United States of America (November 15, 1968), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blankonthemap.free.fr/3_geographie/33_karakoram/337_siachen/doc/Boundaries_Shaksgam.pdf"><i>China – Pakistan Boundary</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, International Boundary Study, vol. 85, Florida State University College of Law</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+%E2%80%93+Pakistan+Boundary&rft.series=International+Boundary+Study&rft.pub=Florida+State+University+College+of+Law&rft.date=1968-11-15&rft.au=The+Geographer.+Office+of+the+Geographer.+Bureau+of+Intelligence+and+Research.+Department+of+State%2C+United+States+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblankonthemap.free.fr%2F3_geographie%2F33_karakoram%2F337_siachen%2Fdoc%2FBoundaries_Shaksgam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Formal statement of Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> on March 5, 1963</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchofield,_Kashmir_in_Conflict2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Schofield" title="Victoria Schofield">Schofield, Victoria</a> (2003) [First published in 2000], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC"><i>Kashmir in Conflict</i></a>, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860648983" title="Special:BookSources/1860648983"><bdi>1860648983</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir+in+Conflict&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Taurus+%26+Co&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1860648983&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrkTetMfI6QkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden,_Understanding_Kashmir_and_Kashmiris2015" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Snedden" title="Christopher Snedden">Snedden, Christopher</a> (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ"><i>Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris</i></a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-342-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-342-7"><bdi>978-1-84904-342-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Kashmir+and+Kashmiris&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-342-7&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds5KMCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1969" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Woodman" title="Dorothy Woodman">Woodman, Dorothy</a> (1969), <i>Himalayan Frontiers</i>, Barrie & Rockcliff</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Frontiers&rft.pub=Barrie+%26+Rockcliff&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Woodman&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodman,_Himalayan_Frontiers1970" class="citation cs2">Woodman, Dorothy (1970), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tkCAAAAAIAAJ"><i>Himalayan Frontiers: A Political Review of British, Chinese, Indian, and Russian Rivalries</i></a>, Praeger</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Frontiers%3A+A+Political+Review+of+British%2C+Chinese%2C+Indian%2C+and+Russian+Rivalries&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Woodman&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtkCAAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrans-Karakoram+Tract" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Karakoram_Tract&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regions and administrative territories of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan" title="Balawaristan">Balawaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardistan" title="Dardistan">Dardistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_County" title="Hotan County">Hotan County</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rutog_County" title="Rutog County">Rutog County</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_Division" title="Mirpur Division">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_Division" title="Muzaffarabad Division">Muzaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_Division" title="Poonch Division">Poonch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Agency" title="Gilgit Agency">Gilgit Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (princely state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (Indian state)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram_Province" title="Karakoram Province">Karakoram Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819167#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819167#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819167#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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