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Basilikon - Wikipedia

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href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie_de_imagini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Galerie de imagini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lecturi_suplimentare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lecturi_suplimentare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lecturi suplimentare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lecturi_suplimentare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilikon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 8 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilikon" title="Basilikon – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Basilikon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_(%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1)" title="Βασιλικόν (νόμισμα) – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασιλικόν (νόμισμα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilikon" title="Basilikon – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Basilikon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilikon" title="Basilikon – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Basilikon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p><b>Basilikon</b> (în greacă: βασιλικόν [νόμισμα], „[monedă] imperială”, la plural <b>basilika</b>), în general denumit <b>doukaton</b> (în greacă: δουκάτον) era o <a href="/wiki/Moned%C4%83" title="Monedă">monedă</a> de <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argint</a>, larg utilizată, emisă în prima jumătate a <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIV-lea" title="Secolul al XIV-lea">secolului al XIV-lea</a>. Marca revenirea la folosirea generalizată a monedelor de <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argint</a> în <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Bizantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul Bizantin">Imperiul Bizantin</a><sup id="cite_ref-abc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și anunța abandonul monedelor de aur la mijlocul aceluiași secol. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Basilikonul</i> a fost emis puțin înainte de <a href="/wiki/1304" title="1304">1304</a> de împăratul <a href="/wiki/Andronic_al_II-lea_Paleologul" title="Andronic al II-lea Paleologul">Andronic al II-lea Paleologul</a> (r. 1282 – 1328) și imita <a href="/wiki/Ducat_(moned%C4%83)" title="Ducat (monedă)">ducatul</a> <a href="/wiki/Vene%C8%9Bia" title="Veneția">venețian</a> de argint, care era denumit și „grosso” (pl. grossi); el trebuia, în principal, să servească la plata <a href="/wiki/Mercenar" title="Mercenar">mercenarilor</a> din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compania_catalan%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Compania catalană — pagină inexistentă">Compania catalană</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bcd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Moneda bizantină imita, prin iconografia sa, modelul venețian cu imaginea lui Hristos aflată pe avers, iar Andronic al II-lea, precum și <a href="/wiki/Mihail_al_IX-lea_Paleologul" title="Mihail al IX-lea Paleologul">Mihail al IX-lea Paleologul</a> (r. 1294-1320), fiul său, aflați pe revers, pe locul unde se aflau <a href="/wiki/Marcu_Evanghelistul" title="Marcu Evanghelistul">Sfântul Marcu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Doge" title="Doge">Dogele</a>, pe ducatul emis la Veneția. Similaritatea se regăsea în numele monedei, „ducato” sau „moneda dogelui” devenind „basilikon” sau „moneda împăratului”. Sursele grecești din epocă utilizau termenul de „doukaton”, în ambele cazuri.<sup id="cite_ref-bcd_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Basilikonul avea un conținut ridicat de argint (920‰), era plat și nu concav (<i>scifat</i>) cum erau alte monede bizantine, cântărea 2,2 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">grame</a> și valora 1/12 dintr-un <a href="/wiki/Hyperper" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperper">hyperper</a>, corespunzând astfel vechiului „miliaresion” care nu mai exista decât ca <a href="/wiki/Unitate_de_cont" title="Unitate de cont">unitate de cont</a> valorând două „keratia”.<sup id="cite_ref-bcd_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cu toate acestea, cursul real de schimb era de obicei mai mic și putea varia în funcție de prețul argintului. Sursele contemporane menționează cursuri de schimb de 12,5, 13 sau chiar 15 <i>basilika</i> pentru un hiperper.<sup id="cite_ref-bcd_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Se știe că existau și monede de jumătăți de basilikon.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Anii_1330" title="Anii 1330">anii 1330</a> și <a href="/wiki/Anii_1340" title="Anii 1340">1340</a>, greutatea <i>basilikonului</i> a fost mult redusă ca urmare a lipsei de argint în toată <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> și <a href="/wiki/Bazinul_mediteranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazinul mediteranean">bazinul mediteranean</a>, scăzând la 1,25 grame până la sfârșitul anilor 1340. Emiterea sa a încetat în <a href="/wiki/1350" title="1350">1350</a> și a fost înlocuit prin anul <a href="/wiki/1367" title="1367">1367</a> de <a href="/wiki/Stavraton" title="Stavraton">stavratonul</a> nou, mai greu.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bcd_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie_de_imagini">Galerie de imagini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Galerie de imagini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Galerie de imagini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Andronikos_II_and_Michael_IX_basilikon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unul dintre primii basilika emiși, pe revers reprezentându-l pe Hristos așezat, iar pe avers pe Andronic al II-lea și pe Mihail al IX-lea ținând un labarum între cei doi. Pe monedă se poate citi ΘΕΕ ΒΟΗΘΕΙ AYTOKPATOPEC PWMAIWN.[7][8]"><img alt="Unul dintre primii basilika emiși, pe revers reprezentându-l pe Hristos așezat, iar pe avers pe Andronic al II-lea și pe Mihail al IX-lea ținând un labarum între cei doi. Pe monedă se poate citi ΘΕΕ ΒΟΗΘΕΙ AYTOKPATOPEC PWMAIWN.[7][8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Andronikos_II_and_Michael_IX_basilikon.jpg/120px-Andronikos_II_and_Michael_IX_basilikon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Andronikos_II_and_Michael_IX_basilikon.jpg/180px-Andronikos_II_and_Michael_IX_basilikon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Andronikos_II_and_Michael_IX_basilikon.jpg/240px-Andronikos_II_and_Michael_IX_basilikon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="241" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unul dintre primii <i>basilika</i> emiși, pe revers reprezentându-l pe Hristos așezat, iar pe avers pe <a href="/wiki/Andronic_al_II-lea_Paleologul" title="Andronic al II-lea Paleologul">Andronic al II-lea</a> și pe <a href="/wiki/Mihail_al_IX-lea_Paleologul" title="Mihail al IX-lea Paleologul">Mihail al IX-lea</a> ținând un <a href="/wiki/Labarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Labarum">labarum</a> între cei doi. Pe monedă se poate citi <small>ΘΕΕ ΒΟΗΘΕΙ AYTOKPATOPEC PWMAIWN</small>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Venezia_Matapan_1328_1910332.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grosso venețian de argint (Matapan) de Francesco Dandolo (prin 1328). Similaritatea iconografică cu basilikonul este evidentă."><img alt="Grosso venețian de argint (Matapan) de Francesco Dandolo (prin 1328). Similaritatea iconografică cu basilikonul este evidentă." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Venezia_Matapan_1328_1910332.jpg/120px-Venezia_Matapan_1328_1910332.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Venezia_Matapan_1328_1910332.jpg/180px-Venezia_Matapan_1328_1910332.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Venezia_Matapan_1328_1910332.jpg/240px-Venezia_Matapan_1328_1910332.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Grosso</i> venețian de argint (Matapan) de Francesco Dandolo (prin <a href="/wiki/1328" title="1328">1328</a>). Similaritatea iconografică cu basilikonul este evidentă. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-abc-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Grierson (1999) p.&#160;16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hendy (1985) pp.531 – 532.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcd-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bcd_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcd_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcd_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcd_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcd_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Kazhdan (1991) «&#160;Basilikon&#160;» vol. 1, pp.266-267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Grierson (1999) pp.16, 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hendy (1985) pp.531-533</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hendy (1985) pp.533-534</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHendy1985">Hendy 1985</a>, p.&#160;531. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">În <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Română">română</a>: „Dumnezeu îi ajută pe împăratul romanilor.”</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Grierson, Philip. <i>Byzantine Coinage</i> (PDF). Washington, DC, Dumbarton Oaks, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-88402-274-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-88402-274-9">ISBN: 978-0-88402-274-9</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Grierson, Philip (1982). <i>Byzantine Coins</i>. London, Methuen. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-416-71360-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-416-71360-2">ISBN: 978-0-416-71360-2</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Hendy, Michael F. (1985). <i>Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450.</i> Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-521-24715-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-521-24715-2">ISBN: 0-521-24715-2</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Kazhdan, A. (ed.). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.</i> New York, New York and Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-504652-6">ISBN: 978-0-19-504652-6</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Laiou, Angeliki &amp; Cécile Morrisson (dir.). <i>Le Monde byzantin</i>, vol. 3, <i>L’Empire grec et ses voisins, XIII-ème siècle - XV-ème siècle.</i> Paris, Presses universitaires de France. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/_978-2-130-52008-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/ 978-2-130-52008-5">ISBN: 978-2-130-52008-5</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Laurent, V. “Le basilikon, nouveau nom de monnaie sous Andronic II Paléologue&#160;» (dans) <i>Byzantinische Zeitschrift</i> 45, 1952, pp.50-58.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Sear, David R. <i>Byzantine Coins and Their Values</i>, 1987, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-900652-71-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-900652-71-4">ISBN: 978-0-900652-71-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lecturi_suplimentare">Lecturi suplimentare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lecturi suplimentare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lecturi suplimentare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba bulgară">bg</span> Димов, Г. <i>Проблеми на византийското сребърно монетосечене. Причините за появата на василикона при Андроник II Палеолог (1282 – 1328)</i>. - В: История, 1, София, 2012, 25-37</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Basilikon?uselang=ro">Basilikon</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba germană">de</span> Sommer, Andreas Urs. <i>Katalog der byzantinischen Münzen in der Münzsammlung der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilikon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stavraton" title="Stavraton">Stavraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moned%C4%83_bizantin%C4%83" title="Monedă bizantină">Monedă bizantină</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_bizantin%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie bizantină — pagină inexistentă">Economie bizantină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperper" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperper">Hyperper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliaresion" title="Miliaresion">Miliaresion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronic_al_II-lea_Paleologul" title="Andronic al II-lea Paleologul">Andronic al II-lea Paleologul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspron" title="Aspron">Aspron</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Imperiul_Bizantin" title="Format:Imperiul Bizantin"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Imperiul_Bizantin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Imperiul Bizantin — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Imperiul_Bizantin&amp;action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. 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<a href="/wiki/Despotatul_Epirului" title="Despotatul Epirului">Despotatul Epirului</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Salonicului" title="Imperiul Salonicului">Imperiul Salonicului</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Moned%C4%83_bizantin%C4%83" title="Monedă bizantină">Monedă</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Aspron" title="Aspron">Aspron</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Basilikon</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">Bezant</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Follis" title="Follis">Follis</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Hyperpyron" title="Hyperpyron">Hyperpyron</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Miliaresion" title="Miliaresion">Miliaresion</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma">Nomisma</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Nomisma_histamenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomisma histamenon">Nomisma histamenon</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Nomisma_tetarteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomisma tetarteron">Nomisma tetarteron</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Semis" title="Semis">Semis</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Solidus" title="Solidus">Solidus</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Stavraton" title="Stavraton">Stavraton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AC%C4%83utare&amp;search=Imperiul+Bizantin%2C">Alte articole</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Lista_subiectelor_legate_de_Imperiul_Bizantin" title="Lista subiectelor legate de Imperiul Bizantin">Listă de articole‎</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bizan%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizanțiu">Bizanțiu</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Era_bizantin%C4%83" title="Era bizantină">Era bizantină</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Greci_bizantini" title="Greci bizantini">Greci bizantini</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cruciad%C4%83" title="Cruciadă">Cruciadă</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_asedii_ale_Constantinopolului" title="Listă de asedii ale Constantinopolului">Listă de asedii ale Constantinopolului</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Porfirogenet" title="Porfirogenet">Porfirogenet</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sebastocrator" title="Sebastocrator">Sebastocrator</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Zidurile_Constantinopolului" title="Zidurile Constantinopolului">Zidurile Constantinopolului</a></div>&#32; </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Imperiul_Bizantin" title="Portal:Imperiul Bizantin">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <div class="noprint" style="background-color: #F5F5F5; 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