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href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rêtînol rootpage-Rêtînol skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Here naverokê</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menuya esasî" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menuya esasî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menuya esasî</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navîgasyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Here Destpêkê [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Destpêk · Sereta</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:B%C3%BByer%C3%AAn_rojane" title="Der barê bûyerên dawî de agahiyên nûjen bibîne"><span>Bûyerên rojane</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:R%C3%BBpela_tesaduf%C3%AE" title="Rûpeleke ketober bar bike [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rûpeleke ketober</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Beşdarî" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Beşdarî" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beşdarî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Portala_kom%C3%AA" title="Agahdarî li ser projeyê, tu dikarî çi bikî, tu dikarî tiştan li ku bibînî"><span>Portala komê</span></a></li><li id="n-Dîwana-Wîkîpediyayê" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:D%C3%AEwan"><span>Dîwana Wîkîpediyayê</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya guhartinên dawî di vê wîkiyê de [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Guhartinên dawî</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE" title="Bersivên ji bo pirsên te."><span>Alîkarî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wîkîpediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensîklopediya azad" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ku.svg" width="112" height="14" style="width: 7em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:L%C3%AAger%C3%AEn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Lêgerîn</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" aria-label="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Taybet:Lêgerîn"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Lêgerîn</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Amûrên kesane"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Xuyakirin" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Xuyakirin</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku" class=""><span>Bexş bike</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye." class=""><span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Têkeve</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Zêdetir opsiyon" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Amûrên kesane" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Amûrên kesane</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku"><span>Bexş bike</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Têkeve</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Rûpelên ji bo edîtorên derketî <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Gav%C3%AAn_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" aria-label="Di derbarê guhartinê de zêdetir hîn bibe"><span>Zêdetir hîn bibe</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyContributions" title="Lîsteyeke guhartinên ji vê IP adresê [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beşdariyên min</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Naverok" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Naverok</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Destpêk</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vedîtin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vedîtin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vedîtin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vedîtin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nijara_Kîmyayî_û_Erk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nijara_Kîmyayî_û_Erk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nijara Kîmyayî û Erk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nijara_Kîmyayî_û_Erk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Nijara Kîmyayî û Erk bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nijara_Kîmyayî_û_Erk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bînahî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bînahî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bînahî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bînahî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xaneyên_Dapoşînk_(epithelium)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xaneyên_Dapoşînk_(epithelium)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Xaneyên Dapoşînk (epithelium)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xaneyên_Dapoşînk_(epithelium)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sazandina_(Çêkirina)_Glîkoprotînan_(şekirprotînan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sazandina_(Çêkirina)_Glîkoprotînan_(şekirprotînan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sazandina (Çêkirina) Glîkoprotînan (şekirprotînan)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sazandina_(Çêkirina)_Glîkoprotînan_(şekirprotînan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dozena_(sîstema)_Bergiriyê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dozena_(sîstema)_Bergiriyê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dozena (sîstema) Bergiriyê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dozena_(sîstema)_Bergiriyê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bandor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bandor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bandor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bandor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pêwîstî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pêwîstî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pêwîstî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pêwîstî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Naverok" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rêtînol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Here gotareke bi zimanekî din. Bi 37 zimanan heye." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bi 37 zimanên din</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="رتينول – erebî" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رتينول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="erebî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2" title="রেটিনল – bengalî" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেটিনল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – bosnî" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – katalanî" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolo" title="Retinolo – esperantoyî" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Retinolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinool" title="Retinool – estonî" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Retinool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erretinol" title="Erretinol – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erretinol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="رتینول – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رتینول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9tinol" title="Rétinol – fransî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rétinol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reitean%C3%B3l" title="Reiteanól – îrlendî" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Reiteanól" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="îrlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Ռետինոլ – ermenî" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռետինոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – endonezî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolo" title="Retinolo – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Retinolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%86%80" title="레티놀 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레티놀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="ریٹینول – keşmîrî" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ریٹینول" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="keşmîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – kirgizî" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – luksembûrgî" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – malezî" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2" title="ରେଟିନୋଲ – oriyayî" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରେଟିନୋଲ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – polonî" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – sirbî" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sirbî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – ozbekî" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retino%C5%82o" title="Retinoło – venîsî" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Retinoło" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – viyetnamî" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="viyetnamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E9%BB%84%E9%86%87" title="视黄醇 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="视黄醇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q424976#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Girêdanên navzimanî sererast bike" class="wbc-editpage">Girêdanan biguhêre</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Valahiya nav"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol" title="Li rûpela naverokê binêre [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Gotar</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAj:R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Gotûbêj li ser rûpela naverokê (rûpel hê tune) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Retinol" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q424976" title="Girêdana ji hêmana eleqedar yê di embara daneyan de re [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Hêmana Wîkîdaneyê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Xuyakirin</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ji Wîkîpediya, ensîklopediya azad.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ku" dir="ltr"><table width="40%" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%; empty-cells:show;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#ffdead;"> <th colspan="2">Şeklê wê </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffffff;"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Retinol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Retinol.svg/250px-Retinol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Retinol.svg/375px-Retinol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Retinol.svg/500px-Retinol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="585" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffdead;"> <th colspan="2">Bi tevayî </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nav</td> <td>Rêtînol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Navên din</td> <td>Vîtamîn A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diref%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Direfş">Direfş</a></td> <td>C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>30</sub>O </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffdead;"> <th colspan="2">Sincî </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">Mol</a></td> <td>286,46 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {g}{mol}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {g}{mol}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/809f1cf8e181c50eb67a8e6c98e97ed9044fd829" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:4.697ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {g}{mol}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AErb%C3%BBn" title="Tîrbûn">Tîrbûn</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rewşa di germiya odê de</td> <td>hişk </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xala_helyan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Xala helyanê">Xala helyanê</a></td> <td>62–64 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grad_Selz%C3%AEyus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grad Selzîyus (rûpel hê tune)">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xala_kel%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Xala kelînê">Xala kelînê</a></td> <td>137–138 °C </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFDEAD;"> <th colspan="2">Nîşanên xeterê </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Hazard_X.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/50px-Hazard_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/75px-Hazard_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/100px-Hazard_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rêtînol</b> şiklê xwerekî yê <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%AEtam%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vîtamîn (rûpel hê tune)">vîtamîna</a> A'ê e. Vîtamîneka zer e ko di çevrî da dibihujit. Vîtamîna A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%AEoks%C3%AEdan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antîoksîdan (rûpel hê tune)">antîoksîdanek</a> e ji bo şîyîna (mezinbûna) hestîa û jibo bînahiyê (dîtinê) pir girig e. Pêkhateka <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AEmya" title="Kîmya">kîmyayî</a> ji malbatekê bi navê <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnoy%C3%AEd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rêtînoyîd (rûpel hê tune)">Rêtînoyîdan</a> e. Rêtînol bi awayê pêşkeriste (precursor) dihêt xwarin: xwerekên ji lawiran (heywanan), mîna şîr û hêlikan (hêkan), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Es%C3%AAt%C3%AAr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esêtêr (rûpel hê tune)">esêtêr</a> ên Rêtînîl têda hene; lê jêderên gîyayî, mîna gêzer û isfenajê, pêşvîtamîna A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karot%C3%AAnoy%C3%AEd_(carotenoids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karotênoyîd (carotenoids) (rûpel hê tune)">Karotênoyîd (carotenoids)</a> têda hene. Avbihujî ya (haydrolîza) esêtêrên rêtînîlê rêtînol jê peyda dibit, lê avbihujî ya pêşvîtamîna A Karotênoyîdan <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rêtînal (rûpel hê tune)">rêtînal</a> jê peyda dibit. Navê dî yê rêtînalê aldehayda rêtînê (retinaldehyde) e. Rêtînal dikarit bi awayekê demkurt digel Haydrojênê terkîb bibit da rêtînolê çêbikit an jî bi awayekê herûherî û bêveger (irreversible) oksîde bibit û tirşê rêtînoyîk (retinoic acid) çêbikit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vedîtin"><span id="Ved.C3.AEtin"></span>Vedîtin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Beşê biguhêre: Vedîtin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Vedîtin"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li sala 1913'ê, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elmer_MekKolum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elmer MekKolum (rûpel hê tune)">Elmer MekKolumî</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%AEnk%C3%AEmyazan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jînkîmyazan (rûpel hê tune)">jînkîmyazanekê</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_W%C3%AEskans%C3%AEn%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Wîskansînê (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Wîskansînê</a>, û hevkarê wî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margir%C3%AAt_Deyv%C3%AEs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margirêt Deyvîs (rûpel hê tune)">Margirêt Dêyvîsê</a> xwerekmakeka (nûtrîyenteka) çevrîbihuj (anko di çevrî da dibihujit) di nav nîvişkî û rûnê masiyê da vedît. Ev karê wan misûgerkirina berhizirandina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamis_Ozborn_(Thomas_Osborne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamis Ozborn (Thomas Osborne) (rûpel hê tune)">Tamis Ozborn (Thomas Osborne)î</a> bû ko li sala 1913'ê berbîniya keristeyekê wiha di nav nîvişkî da kiribû. Vîtamîna A jibo caran pêşîn bi awayekê destkirî li sala 1947'ê hat çêkirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nijara_Kîmyayî_û_Erk"><span id="Nijara_K.C3.AEmyay.C3.AE_.C3.BB_Erk"></span>Nijara Kîmyayî û Erk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Beşê biguhêre: Nijara Kîmyayî û Erk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nijara Kîmyayî û Erk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li goreyê hilkevtina (konîfyorasyona) <i>trans</i> an <i>cis</i> a çar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bend%C3%AAn_duan%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bendên duanî (rûpel hê tune)">bendên duanî</a> ên zincîra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol%C3%AEyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polîyen (rûpel hê tune)">polîyenê</a>, gelek <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ezomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Îzomer (rûpel hê tune)">îzomerên</a> endazeyî ên rêtînolê, rêtînalê û tirşê rêtînoyîk hene. Îzomerên <i>cis</i> bêtebat (unstable) in û bi sanahî dibin îzomerên hemî-<i>trans</i>. Bi her awayî, hindek îzomerên <i>cis</i> bi awayê xweriskî jî peyda dibin û xwedî erkên nemazeyî in. Ji bo mînak, îzomera 11-cis-rêtînal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiromofor_(Chromophore)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiromofor (Chromophore) (rûpel hê tune)">kiromofor (Chromophore)</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodops%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodopsîn (rûpel hê tune)">rodopsînê</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mol%C3%AAkyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molêkyol (rûpel hê tune)">molêkyola</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoreseptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoreseptor (rûpel hê tune)">fotoreseptor</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movikdran_(vertebrate)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movikdran (vertebrate) (rûpel hê tune)">movikdran (vertebrate)</a> ne. Rodopsîn ji 11-cis-rêtînal a ko bi awayê kovalans li <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bingeh%C3%AA_%C5%9E%C3%AEf_(Schiff_Base)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bingehê Şîf (Schiff Base) (rûpel hê tune)">bingehê Şîf (Schiff Base)</a> bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prot%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protîn (rûpel hê tune)">protîna</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ops%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opsîn (rûpel hê tune)">opsînê</a> (opsîna lûleyî anko şîn an opsînên kulavkî (Kon=Cone) ên sor an gesik) ve bend dibit. Pêvajoya dîtinê îzomerandineka 11-<i>cis</i>an bo hemî-<i>trans</i>an e ko bi ruhnahiyê destpêdikit ko dibit sedema pêkhatin û çelengbûna (aktîvbûna) molêkyola fotoreseptor. Yek ji zûtirîn nîşanên kêmasî a vîtamîna A'yê şsvkorî û kêmbûna bînahiyê e. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corc_Wald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corc Wald (rûpel hê tune)">Corc Waldî</a> (George Wald) li sala 1967'ê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xelata_Nob%C3%AAl%C3%AA_ji_bo_j%C3%AEnewerzanist%C3%AE_an_pizi%C3%A7kiy%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xelata Nobêlê ji bo jînewerzanistî an piziçkiyê (rûpel hê tune)">xelata Nobêlê ji bo jînewerzanistî an piziçkiyê</a> ji bo karkirina li ser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rengpint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rengpint (rûpel hê tune)">rengpintên (pîgmentên)</a> şebekeya çavî wergirt. Karên wî têgehiştina mirovî li rolê vîtamîna A'ê di bînahiyê da zêde kir. Gelek erkên vîtamîna A'yê ko negirêdayî bînahiyê in bi tirşê rêtînoyîk dihên tenzîmkirin ko bi çelengandina (aktivasyona) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wergir%C3%AAn_tir%C5%9F%C3%AA_r%C3%AAt%C3%AEnoy%C3%AEk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wergirên tirşê rêtînoyîk (rûpel hê tune)">wergirên tirşê rêtînoyîk</a> ên navxaneyî (interselûlar) diyarbûna cînan (genes) kontrol dikit. Erkên nebînahîyane yen vîtamîna A'ê jibo erkên bergiriyê (îmyonolocîk), zaûzêye, werara (developmenta) movikên (vertebrates) vernîkî (embryo) giring e. Ev erk bi zêdebûna beratafî (susceptibility) a jibo hewdanan (infeksyonan), kêmbûna şîyînbûnê (growth) û şaşiyên afirandinê di nûzayan da li dema kêmbîna vîtamîna A'ê eşkira dibit. Rêtînol di merhemên pîstî da jibo dermankirin zipkên cuwanan (akne) jî dihêt bikaranîn. Coreyekê tirşê rêtînoyîk, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hem%C3%AE-%27%27trans%27%27r%C3%AAt%C3%AEnoy%C3%AEk_As%C3%AEd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemî-''trans''rêtînoyîk Asîd (rûpel hê tune)">hemî-''trans''rêtînoyîk Asîd</a> jibo çareserkirina kîmyayî ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BBk%C3%AEmya_a_promayelos%C3%AEt%C3%AEk_a_t%C3%AEj_(Acute_Promyelocytic_Leukemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lûkîmya a promayelosîtîk a tîj (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (rûpel hê tune)">Lûkîmya a promayelosîtîk a tîj (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemiaê</a>, coreyekê <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BBk%C3%AEmyay_a_mayelogen%C3%AEk_a_t%C3%AEj_(Acute_Myelogenous_Leukemia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lûkîmyay a mayelogenîk a tîj (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia) (rûpel hê tune)">Lûkîmyay a mayelogenîk a tîj (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)ê</a> dihêt bikaranîn. Sedema vê ew e ko xaneyên şêrpenceyî yên vî coreyê şêrpenceyê bersiva antagonîstên wergirên tirşê rêtînoyîk baş diidn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bînahî"><span id="B.C3.AEnah.C3.AE"></span>Bînahî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Beşê biguhêre: Bînahî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bînahî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vîtamîna A jibo çêkirina rodopsînê, rengpinta bînahiyê, ko li cihên tarî pêdvî ye bikar dihêt. ji ber vê yekê xwarina zadên ko vîtamîna A têda hene şevkoriyê baş dikit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xaneyên_Dapoşînk_(epithelium)"><span id="Xaney.C3.AAn_Dapo.C5.9F.C3.AEnk_.28epithelium.29"></span>Xaneyên Dapoşînk (epithelium)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xaneyên Dapoşînk (epithelium)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Xaneyên Dapoşînk (epithelium)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vîtamîna A jibo karkirina dirist a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaney%C3%AAn_dapo%C5%9F%C3%AEnk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaneyên dapoşînk (rûpel hê tune)">xaneyên dapoşînk</a> pêdvî e. Li dema nebûna vîtamîna A'ê, xaneyên ko giliyê (mucus) derdidin dibin xaneyên ko keratînê derdidin. Ev jî dibit sedem hişkiyê (xerosis). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sazandina_(Çêkirina)_Glîkoprotînan_(şekirprotînan)"><span id="Sazandina_.28.C3.87.C3.AAkirina.29_Gl.C3.AEkoprot.C3.AEnan_.28.C5.9Fekirprot.C3.AEnan.29"></span>Sazandina (Çêkirina) Glîkoprotînan (şekirprotînan)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Beşê biguhêre: Sazandina (Çêkirina) Glîkoprotînan (şekirprotînan)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Sazandina (Çêkirina) Glîkoprotînan (şekirprotînan)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jibo sazandina <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eekirprot%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şekirprotîn (rûpel hê tune)">şekirprotînan</a> vîtamîna A gelek pêdvî e. Eger Vîtamîna A nebit, ji ber nehatin sazandina wan reng e kulk li ser çavqoçikê (qerniye, cornea) ê peyda bibin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dozena_(sîstema)_Bergiriyê"><span id="Dozena_.28s.C3.AEstema.29_Bergiriy.C3.AA"></span>Dozena (sîstema) Bergiriyê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Beşê biguhêre: Dozena (sîstema) Bergiriyê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dozena (sîstema) Bergiriyê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erkê dozena bergirî a laşî gelek hewcedar a vîtamîna A'ê e. Rêtînol di pir <a href="/wiki/Giya" title="Giya">giya</a> û <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAk%C3%AE" title="Fêkî">fêkî</a> yên wekî <a href="/wiki/Pirteqal" title="Pirteqal">pirteqal</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAzer" title="Gêzer">gêzer</a> û <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silkê</a> da heye. Di tiştên xwezayî da jî Rêtînol heye. Ew di <a href="/wiki/Mas%C3%AE" title="Masî">masîyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kezeb" title="Kezeb">kezeban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zerik" title="Zerik">zerikê hêkan</a> û tiştên ji <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AEr" title="Şîr">şîr</a> da wek <a href="/wiki/Mast" title="Mast">mast</a> û <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%AAr" class="mw-redirect" title="Penêr">penêr</a> heye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bandor">Bandor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Beşê biguhêre: Bandor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bandor"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rêtînol ji <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEst%C3%AAm%C3%AA_r%C3%AE%C3%A7alan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sîstêmê rîçalan (rûpel hê tune)">sîstêmê rîçalan</a> ra rinde. Ew alîkariyê çêkirnê <a href="/wiki/X%C3%BBn" class="mw-redirect" title="Xûn">xûnê</a> dike. Rêtînol pir ji <a href="/wiki/%C3%87erm" class="mw-redirect" title="Çerm">çermî</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirov" title="Mirov">mirovan</a> ra rinde. Ew ji <a href="/wiki/%C3%87av" class="mw-redirect" title="Çav">çavan</a> ra pêwîste. Eger Rêtînol hindik be di canî <a href="/wiki/Mirov" title="Mirov">mirov</a> da, mera nikane rind bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%AAvar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hêvar (rûpel hê tune)">hêvarê</a> bibîne. Rêtînol ji <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AE" title="Hestî">hestiyên</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirov" title="Mirov">mirovan</a> ra jî girînge, çunkî ew ji bo mezinbûnê pêwîste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pêwîstî"><span id="P.C3.AAw.C3.AEst.C3.AE"></span>Pêwîstî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Beşê biguhêre: Pêwîstî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Pêwîstî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mirovên mezin her roj pêwîste 0,8 <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%AEl%C3%AEgram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mîlîgram (rûpel hê tune)">mg</a> - 1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%AEl%C3%AEgram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mîlîgram (rûpel hê tune)">mg</a> Rêtînol bixun. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ji "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rêtînol&oldid=1757192">https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rêtînol&oldid=1757192</a>" hatiye standin.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Categories" title="Taybet:Categories">Kategorî</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:V%C3%AEtam%C3%AEn" title="Kategorî:Vîtamîn">Vîtamîn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:Xeter%C3%AE" title="Kategorî:Xeterî">Xeterî</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ev rûpel cara dawî 17 hezîran 2024, saet li 19:21an de hatiye guhartin.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nivîsar di bin lîsansa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> de derbasdar e; heke tiştên din werin xwestin dikarin lê bên zêdekirin. 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