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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Nathan Y. Sharp</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Nathan Y. Sharp"> <meta name="keywords" content="Nathan Y. Sharp"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Nathan Y. 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Sharp"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 339</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Nathan Y. Sharp</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> Experimental Study of Discharge with Sharp-Crested Weirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Keramaris">E. Keramaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Kanakoudis"> V. Kanakoudis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study the water flow in an open channel over a sharp-crested weir is investigated experimentally. For this reason a series of laboratory experiments were performed in an open channel with a sharp-crested weir. The maximum head expected over the weir, the total upstream water height and the downstream water height of the impact in the constant bed of the open channel were measured. The discharge was measured using a tank put right after the open channel. In addition, the discharge and the upstream velocity were also calculated using already known equations. The main finding is that the relative error percentage for the majority of the experimental measurements is ± 4%, meaning that the calculation of the discharge with a sharp-crested weir gives very good results compared to the numerical results from known equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp-crested%20weir" title="sharp-crested weir">sharp-crested weir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weir%20height" title=" weir height"> weir height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20measurement" title=" flow measurement"> flow measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel%20flow" title=" open channel flow"> open channel flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117918/experimental-study-of-discharge-with-sharp-crested-weirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> A Sharp Interface Model for Simulating Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Wadi Nador (Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Hachemi">Abdelkader Hachemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boualem%20Remini"> Boualem Remini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seawater intrusion is a significant challenge faced by coastal aquifers in the Mediterranean basin. This study aims to determine the position of the sharp interface between seawater and freshwater in the aquifer of Wadi Nador, located in the Wilaya of Tipaza, Algeria. A numerical areal sharp interface model using the finite element method is developed to investigate the spatial and temporal behavior of seawater intrusion. The aquifer is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. The simulation results are compared with geophysical prospection data obtained through electrical methods in 2011 to validate the model. The simulation results demonstrate a good agreement with the geophysical prospection data, confirming the accuracy of the sharp interface model. The position of the sharp interface in the aquifer is found to be approximately 1617 meters from the sea. Two scenarios are proposed to predict the interface position for the year 2024: one without pumping and the other with pumping. The results indicate a noticeable retreat of the sharp interface position in the first scenario, while a slight decline is observed in the second scenario. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the dynamics of seawater intrusion in the Wadi Nador aquifer. The predicted changes in the sharp interface position highlight the potential impact of pumping activities on the aquifer's vulnerability to seawater intrusion. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing measures to manage and mitigate seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. The sharp interface model developed in this research can serve as a valuable tool for assessing and monitoring the vulnerability of aquifers to seawater intrusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seawater%20intrusion" title="seawater intrusion">seawater intrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20interface" title=" sharp interface"> sharp interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20aquifer" title=" coastal aquifer"> coastal aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algeria" title=" algeria"> algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173325/a-sharp-interface-model-for-simulating-seawater-intrusion-in-the-coastal-aquifer-of-wadi-nador-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> Injection Practices among Private Medical Practitioners of Karachi Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tahir%20Yousafzai">Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nighat%20Nisar"> Nighat Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehana%20Khalil"> Rehana Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to assess the practices of sharp injuries and factors leading to it among medical practitioners in slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted in slum areas of Landhi Town Karachi. All medical practitioners (317) running the private clinics in the areas were asked to participate in the study. Data was collected on self administered pre-tested structured questionnaires. The frequency with percentage and 95% confidence interval was calculated for at least one sharp injury (SI) in the last one year. The factors leading to sharp injuries were assessed using multiple logistic regressions. About 80% of private medical practitioners consented to participate. Among these 87% were males and 13% were female. The mean age was 38±11 years and mean work experience was 12±9 years. The frequency of at least one sharp injury in the last one year was 27%(95% CI: 22.2-32). Almost 47% of Sharp Injuries were caused by needle recapping, less work experience, less than 14 years of schooling, more than 20 patients per day, administering more than 30 injections per day, reuse of syringes and needle recapping after use were significantly associated with sharp injuries. Injection practices were found inadequate among private medical practitioners in slum areas of Karachi, and the frequency of Sharp Injuries was found high in these areas. There is a risk of occupational transmission of blood borne infections among medical practitioners warranting an urgent need for launching awareness and training on standard precautions for private medical practitioners in the slum areas of Karachi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20practices" title="injection practices">injection practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20practitioners" title=" private practitioners"> private practitioners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20injuries" title=" sharp injuries"> sharp injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20borne%20infections" title=" blood borne infections "> blood borne infections </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13927/injection-practices-among-private-medical-practitioners-of-karachi-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> Maize Farmers’ Perception of Sharp Practices among Agro-Input Dealers in Ibadan/Ibarapa Agricultural Zone, Oyo State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ademola%20A.%20Ladele">Ademola A. Ladele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peace%20I.%20Aburime"> Peace I. Aburime</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fake and substandard agricultural inputs pose a serious stumbling block to farm productivity and subsequently improved livelihood. There is, therefore, a need to pave ways for sustainable agriculture and self-sufficiency in food production by proffering solutions to this challenge. Maize farmers' perception of sharp practices among agro-input dealers in Ibadan/Ibarapa agricultural zone in Oyo state was therefore investigated. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select registered maize farmers in the Ibadan/Ibarapa agricultural zone of the Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme (OYSADEP). A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the perception of sharp practices and the effects of sharp practices. A total of seventy-five maize farmers were interviewed. A focus group discussion was organized to identify ways of curbing sharp practices to complement the survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Forms of sharp practices indicated were sales of expired fertilizers, expired pesticides, expired herbicides, underweight fertilizers, adulterated fertilizers, adulterated herbicides, packs containing broken seeds, infested seeds, lack of truth in labeling/wrong labels, manipulation of measuring scales, and false declaration of hecterages covered by tractor operators. The majority had unfavorable perception of agro-input dealers on sharp practices. A significant relationship was observed between respondents’ level of education and their perception of sharp practices. There were no significant relationships between respondents’ sex, marital status and religion, and their perception of sharp practices. A significant correlation exists between the forms of sharp practices and the perceived effect on agricultural production. It is concluded that the perceived effect of sharp practices was critical and the endemic culture of sharp practices prevailed in agro-input in Ibadan/Ibarapa agricultural zone. A standard regulatory system that will certify and monitor the quality of inputs should be put in place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20productivity" title="agricultural productivity">agricultural productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agro-input%20dealers" title=" agro-input dealers"> agro-input dealers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize%20farmers" title=" maize farmers"> maize farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20practices" title=" sharp practices"> sharp practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137683/maize-farmers-perception-of-sharp-practices-among-agro-input-dealers-in-ibadanibarapa-agricultural-zone-oyo-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Wadi Nador (Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Hachemi%20%20%26%20Boualem%20Remini">Abdelkader Hachemi & Boualem Remini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seawater intrusion is a significant challenge faced by coastal aquifers in the Mediterranean basin. This study aims to determine the position of the sharp interface between seawater and freshwater in the aquifer of Wadi Nador, located in the Wilaya of Tipaza, Algeria. A numerical areal sharp interface model using the finite element method is developed to investigate the spatial and temporal behavior of seawater intrusion. The aquifer is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. The simulation results are compared with geophysical prospection data obtained through electrical methods in 2011 to validate the model. The simulation results demonstrate a good agreement with the geophysical prospection data, confirming the accuracy of the sharp interface model. The position of the sharp interface in the aquifer is found to be approximately 1617 meters from the sea. Two scenarios are proposed to predict the interface position for the year 2024: one without pumping and the other with pumping. The results indicate a noticeable retreat of the sharp interface position in the first scenario, while a slight decline is observed in the second scenario. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the dynamics of seawater intrusion in the Wadi Nador aquifer. The predicted changes in the sharp interface position highlight the potential impact of pumping activities on the aquifer's vulnerability to seawater intrusion. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing measures to manage and mitigate seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. The sharp interface model developed in this research can serve as a valuable tool for assessing and monitoring the vulnerability of aquifers to seawater intrusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seawater" title="seawater">seawater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrusion" title=" intrusion"> intrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20interface" title=" sharp interface"> sharp interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174992/seawater-intrusion-in-the-coastal-aquifer-of-wadi-nador-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> Sharp Estimates of Oscillatory Singular Integrals with Rough Kernels </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Al-Qassem">H. Al-Qassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Cheng"> L. Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Pan"> Y. Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we establish sharp bounds for oscillatory singular integrals with an arbitrary real polynomial phase P. Our kernels are allowed to be rough both on the unit sphere and in the radial direction. We show that the bounds grow no faster than log (deg(P)), which is optimal and was first obtained by Parissis and Papadimitrakis for kernels without any radial roughness. Our results substantially improve many previously known results. Among key ingredients of our methods are an L¹→L² sharp estimate and using extrapolation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillatory%20singular%20integral" title="oscillatory singular integral">oscillatory singular integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20kernel" title=" rough kernel"> rough kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20integral" title=" singular integral"> singular integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orlicz%20spaces" title=" orlicz spaces"> orlicz spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20spaces" title=" block spaces"> block spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrapolation" title=" extrapolation"> extrapolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%5E%7Bp%7D%20boundedness" title=" L^{p} boundedness"> L^{p} boundedness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40363/sharp-estimates-of-oscillatory-singular-integrals-with-rough-kernels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> Characterization of Performance of Blocks Produced from Dredged Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebayo%20B.">Adebayo B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omotehinse%20A.%20O."> Omotehinse A. O.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance and characteristics of blocks produced from dredged sample was investigated. Blocks were produced using appropriate mixes of dredged sample and sharp sand. Some geotechnical properties (moisture content, grain size distribution) of the dredged sample (Igbokoda dredged sample) were determined using the British Standard. The physico-mechanical properties (water absorption, density and compressive strength) of blocks produced were evaluated. The dredged sample is classified as a silty material. Seven replacement levels of sharp sand were considered in the study (SS- Sharp Sand and DS – Dredged Sample) was done with constant amount of cement. 1- 85 % DS and 15 % SS, 2- 70 % DS and 30 % SS, 3- 55 % DS and 45 % SS, 4- 50 % DS and 50 % SS, 5- 45 % DS and 55 % SS, 6- 30 % DS and 70 % SS, 7- 15 % DS and 85 % SS and 8 – IS 100 % with cement; 9 – SS 100 % with cement) of different ages (7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days) for the production of blocks. The compressive strength of the blocks produced ranges between 0.52 MPa to 3.0 MPa and considering the mixes, the highest compressive strength was found in mix of 15 % DS and 85 % SS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dredge%20sample" title="dredge sample">dredge sample</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silt" title=" silt"> silt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20sand" title=" sharp sand"> sharp sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block" title=" block"> block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16477/characterization-of-performance-of-blocks-produced-from-dredged-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> The Effects of Affective Dimension of Face on Facial Attractiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Ja%20Cho">Kyung-Ja Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Jin%20Park"> Sun Jin Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined what effective dimension affects facial attractiveness. Two orthogonal dimensions, sharp-soft and babyish-mature, were used to rate the levels of facial attractiveness in 20’s women. This research also investigated the sex difference on the effect of effective dimension of face on attractiveness. The test subjects composed of 15 males and 18 females. They looked 330 photos of women in 20s. Then they rated the levels of the effective dimensions of faces with sharp-soft and babyish-mature, and the attraction with charmless-charming. The respond forms were Likert scales, the answer was scored from 1 to 9. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the subject reported the milder and younger appearance as more attractive. Both male and female subjects showed the same evaluation. This result means that two effective dimensions have the effect on estimating attractiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affective%20dimension%20of%20faces" title="affective dimension of faces">affective dimension of faces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20attractiveness" title=" facial attractiveness"> facial attractiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp-soft" title=" sharp-soft"> sharp-soft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=babyish-mature" title=" babyish-mature"> babyish-mature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5442/the-effects-of-affective-dimension-of-face-on-facial-attractiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> Modeling Aeration of Sharp Crested Weirs by Using Support Vector Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Goel">Arun Goel </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper attempts to investigate the prediction of air entrainment rate and aeration efficiency of a free over-fall jets issuing from a triangular sharp crested weir by using regression based modelling. The empirical equations, support vector machine (polynomial and radial basis function) models and the linear regression techniques were applied on the triangular sharp crested weirs relating the air entrainment rate and the aeration efficiency to the input parameters namely drop height, discharge, and vertex angle. It was observed that there exists a good agreement between the measured values and the values obtained using empirical equations, support vector machine (Polynomial and rbf) models, and the linear regression techniques. The test results demonstrated that the SVM based (Poly & rbf) model also provided acceptable prediction of the measured values with reasonable accuracy along with empirical equations and linear regression techniques in modelling the air entrainment rate and the aeration efficiency of a free over-fall jets issuing from triangular sharp crested weir. Further sensitivity analysis has also been performed to study the impact of input parameter on the output in terms of air entrainment rate and aeration efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20entrainment%20rate" title="air entrainment rate">air entrainment rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20oxygen" title=" dissolved oxygen"> dissolved oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weir" title=" weir"> weir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3752/modeling-aeration-of-sharp-crested-weirs-by-using-support-vector-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">330</span> Stackelberg Security Game for Optimizing Security of Federated Internet of Things Platform Instances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violeta%20Damjanovic-Behrendt">Violeta Damjanovic-Behrendt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approach for optimal cyber security decisions to protect instances of a federated Internet of Things (IoT) platform in the cloud. The presented solution implements the repeated Stackelberg Security Game (SSG) and a model called Stochastic Human behaviour model with AttRactiveness and Probability weighting (SHARP). SHARP employs the Subjective Utility Quantal Response (SUQR) for formulating a subjective utility function, which is based on the evaluations of alternative solutions during decision-making. We augment the repeated SSG (including SHARP and SUQR) with a reinforced learning algorithm called Naïve Q-Learning. Naïve Q-Learning belongs to the category of active and model-free Machine Learning (ML) techniques in which the agent (either the defender or the attacker) attempts to find an optimal security solution. In this way, we combine GT and ML algorithms for discovering optimal cyber security policies. The proposed security optimization components will be validated in a collaborative cloud platform that is based on the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA) and its recently published security model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title="security">security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stackelberg%20game" title=" stackelberg game"> stackelberg game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naive%20q-learning" title=" naive q-learning"> naive q-learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64390/stackelberg-security-game-for-optimizing-security-of-federated-internet-of-things-platform-instances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">329</span> Passive Control of Elliptic Jet by Using Triangular and Truncated Tabs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saif%20Akram">Saif Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Rathakrishnan"> E. Rathakrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mixing promoting efficiency of two identical sharp and truncated vertex triangular tabs offering geometrical blockage of 2.5% each, placed at the exit of a Mach 1.5 elliptic nozzle was studied experimentally. The effectiveness of both the tabs in enhancing the mixing of jets with the ambient air are determined by measuring the Pitot pressure along the jet axis and the jet spread in both the minor and major axes of the elliptic nozzle, covering marginally overexpanded to moderately underexpanded levels at the nozzle exit. The results reveal that both the tabs enhance mixing characteristics of the uncontrolled elliptic jet when placed at minor axis. A core length reduction of 67% is achieved at NPR 3 which is the overexpanded state. Similarly, the core length is reduced by about 67%, 50% and 57% at NPRs of 4, 5 and 6 (underexpanded states) respectively. However, unlike the considerable increment in mixing promoting efficiency by the use of truncated vertex tabs for axisymmetric jets, the effect is not much pronounced for the case of supersonic elliptic jets. The CPD plots for both the cases almost overlap, especially when tabs are placed at minor axis, at all the pressure conditions. While, when the tabs are used at major axis, in the case of overexpanded condition, the sharp vertex triangular tabs act as a better mixing enhancer for the supersonic elliptic jets. For the jet controlled with truncated vertex triangular tabs, the core length reductions are of the same order as those for the sharp vertex triangular tabs. The jet mixing is hardly influenced by the tip effect in case of supersonic elliptic jet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20jet" title="elliptic jet">elliptic jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tabs" title=" tabs"> tabs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truncated" title=" truncated"> truncated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangular" title=" triangular"> triangular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38593/passive-control-of-elliptic-jet-by-using-triangular-and-truncated-tabs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">328</span> Performance Evaluation of a Piano Key Weir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shaheer%20Ali">M. Shaheer Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talib%20Mansoor"> Talib Mansoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Piano Key Weir (PKW) is a particular shape of labyrinth weir, using up- and/or downstream overhangs. The horizontal rectangular labyrinth shape allows to multiply the crest length for a given weir width. With the increasing demand of power, it is becoming greatly essential to increase the storage capacity of existing dams without neglecting their safety. The present aims at comparing the performance of piano key weirs in respect to the normal sharp-crested weirs. The discharge v/s head data for the piano key weir and normal sharp-crested weir obtained from the experimental study were compared and analysed using regression analysis. Piano key weir was found to perform doubly w.r.t a normal weir. The flow profiles show the parabolic nature of flow and the nappe interference in the inlet keys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crest%20length" title="crest length">crest length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20profile" title=" flow profile"> flow profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labyrinth%20weir" title=" labyrinth weir"> labyrinth weir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20weir" title=" normal weir"> normal weir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nappe%20interference" title=" nappe interference"> nappe interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overhangs" title=" overhangs"> overhangs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piano%20key%20weir" title=" piano key weir"> piano key weir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24326/performance-evaluation-of-a-piano-key-weir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">327</span> Listening to Circles, Playing Lights: A Study of Cross-Modal Perception in Music</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roni%20Granot">Roni Granot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erica%20Polini"> Erica Polini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music is often described in terms of non-auditory adjectives such as a rising melody, a bright sound, or a zigzagged contour. Such cross modal associations have been studied with simple isolated musical parameters, but only rarely in rich musical contexts. The current study probes cross sensory associations with polarity based dimensions by means of pairings of 10 adjectives: blunt-sharp, relaxed-tense, heavy-light, low (in space)-high, low (pitch)-high, big-small, hard-soft, active-passive, bright-dark, sad-happy. 30 participants (randomly assigned to one of two groups) were asked to rate one of 27 short saxophone improvisations on a 1 to 6 scale where 1 and six correspond to the opposite pole of each dimension. The 27 improvisations included three exemplars for each of three dimensions (size, brightness, sharpness), played by three different players. Here we focus on the question of whether ratings of scales corresponding with the musical dimension were consistently rated as such (e.g. music improvised to represent a white circle rated as bright in contrast with music improvised to represent a dark circle rated as dark). Overall the average scores by dimension showed an upward trend in the equivalent verbal scale, with a low rating for small, bright and sharp musical improvisations and higher scores for large, dark and blunt improvisations. Friedman tests indicate a statistically significant difference for brightness (χ2 (2) = 19.704, p = .000) and sharpness dimensions (χ2 (2) = 15.750, p = .000), but not for size (χ2 (2) = 1.444, p = .486). Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests within the brightness dimension, show significant differences among all possible parings resulted in significant differences: the rankings of 'bright' and 'dark' (Z = -3.310, p = .001), of 'bright' and 'medium' (Z = -2.438, p = .015) and of 'dark' and 'medium' music (Z = -2.714, p = .007); but only differences between the extreme contrasts within the sharpness dimension : 'sharp' and 'blunt' music (Z = -3.147, p = .002) and between 'sharp' and 'medium' music rated on the sharpness scale (Z = - 3.054, p = .002), but not between 'medium' and 'blunt' music (Z = -.982, p = .326). In summary our study suggests a privileged link between music and the perceptual and semantic domain of brightness. In contrast, size seems to be very difficult to convey in music, whereas sharpness seems to be mapped onto the two extremes (sharp vs. blunt) rather than continuously. This is nicely reflected in the musical literature in titles and texts which stress the association between music and concepts of light or darkness rather than sharpness or size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audiovisual" title="audiovisual">audiovisual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brightness" title=" brightness"> brightness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-modal%20perception" title=" cross-modal perception"> cross-modal perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-sensory%20correspondences" title=" cross-sensory correspondences"> cross-sensory correspondences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size" title=" size"> size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20angularity" title=" visual angularity"> visual angularity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57313/listening-to-circles-playing-lights-a-study-of-cross-modal-perception-in-music" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">326</span> Internal Audit Function Contributions to the External Audit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20F.%20Prawitt">Douglas F. Prawitt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Y.%20Sharp"> Nathan Y. Sharp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20A.%20Wood"> David A. Wood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consistent with prior experimental and survey studies, we find that IAFs that spend more time directly assisting the external auditor is associated with lower external audit fees. Interestingly, we do not find evidence that external auditors reduce fees based on work previously performed by the IAF. We also find that the time spent assisting the external auditor has a greater negative effect on external audit fees than the time spent performing tasks upon which the auditor may rely but that are not performed as direct assistance to the external audit. Our results also show that previous proxies used to measure this relation is either not associated with or are negatively associated with our direct measures of how the IAF can contribute to the external audit and are highly positively associated with the size and the complexity of the organization. Thus, we conclude the disparate experimental and archival results may be attributable to issues surrounding the construct validity of measures used in previous archival studies and that when measures similar to those used in experimental studies are employed in archival tests, the archival results are consistent with experimental findings. Our research makes four primary contributions to the literature. First, we provide evidence that internal auditing contributes to a reduction in external audit fees. Second, we replicate and provide an explanation for why previous archival studies find that internal auditing has either no association with external audit fees or is associated with an increase in those fees: prior studies generally use proxies of internal audit contribution that do not adequately capture the intended construct. Third, our research expands on survey-based research (e.g., Oil Libya sh.co.) by separately examining the impact on the audit fee of the internal auditors’ work, indirectly assisting external auditors and internal auditors’ prior work upon which external auditors can rely. Finally, we extend prior research by using a new, independent data source to validate and extend prior studies. This data set also allows for a sample of examining the impact of internal auditing on the external audit fee and the use of a more comprehensive external audit fee model that better controls for determinants of the external audit fee. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20audit" title="internal audit">internal audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contribution" title=" contribution"> contribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20audit" title=" external audit"> external audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=function" title=" function"> function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145926/internal-audit-function-contributions-to-the-external-audit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">325</span> Field Investigating the Effects of Lateral Support Elements on Lateral Resistance of Ballasted Tracks with Sharp Curves </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Alizadeh%20Galdiani">Milad Alizadeh Galdiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jabbar%20Ali%20Zakeri"> Jabbar Ali Zakeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateral movement of CWR ballasted track occurs in sharp curves because of the lack of adequate lateral resistance. Several strategies have been proposed and used for increase the lateral resistance of ballasted tracks, but still there are some problems in tracks with small radius curves. In this paper, a new method has been presented for increase the lateral resistance. This method is using the lateral supports as numerical and field studies. In this paper, the field and laboratory tests have been conducted by using the single tie pressure test (STPT) and track panel loading test (LTPT). Then, their results were compared with the numerical results. The results of numerical and field tests showed that the lateral stiffness of ballasted tracks significantly increased when there were lateral supports in ballasted tracks. Also, the track structure had a bilinear behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballasted%20railway" title="ballasted railway">ballasted railway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lateral%20resistance" title=" Lateral resistance"> Lateral resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20buckling" title=" railway buckling"> railway buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20and%20numerical%20studies" title=" field and numerical studies"> field and numerical studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67093/field-investigating-the-effects-of-lateral-support-elements-on-lateral-resistance-of-ballasted-tracks-with-sharp-curves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">324</span> Design and Implementation of Automated Car Anti-Collision System Device Using Distance Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrab%20Masayeed%20Habib">Mehrab Masayeed Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasneem%20Sanjana"> Tasneem Sanjana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Amin%20Rumel"> Ahmed Amin Rumel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automated car anti-collision system is a trending technology of science. A car anti-collision system is an automobile safety system. The aim of this paper was to describe designing a car anti-collision system device to reduce the severity of an accident. The purpose of this device is to prevent collision among cars and objects to reduce the accidental death of human. This project gives an overview of secure & smooth journey of car as well as the certainty of human life. This system is controlled by microcontroller PIC. Sharp distance sensor is used to detect any object within the danger range. A crystal oscillator is used to produce the oscillation and generates the clock pulse of the microcontroller. An LCD is used to give information about the safe distance and a buzzer is used as alarm. An actuator is used as automatic break and inside the actuator; there is a motor driver that runs the actuator. For coding ‘microC PRO for PIC’ was used and ’Proteus Design Suite version 8 Software’ was used for simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20distance%20sensor" title="sharp distance sensor">sharp distance sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcontroller" title=" microcontroller"> microcontroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MicroC%20PRO%20for%20PIC" title=" MicroC PRO for PIC"> MicroC PRO for PIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteus" title=" proteus"> proteus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actuator" title=" actuator"> actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile%20anti-collision%20system" title=" automobile anti-collision system"> automobile anti-collision system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37872/design-and-implementation-of-automated-car-anti-collision-system-device-using-distance-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">323</span> Comparative Analysis of Turbulent Plane Jets from a Sharp-Edged Orifice, a Beveled-Edge Orifice and a Radially Contoured Nozzle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinesh%20C.%20Deo">Ravinesh C. Deo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article investigates through experiments the flow characteristics of plane jets from sharp-edged orifice-plate, beveled-edge and radially contoured nozzle. The first two configurations exhibit saddle-backed velocity profiles while the third shows a top-hat. A vena contracta is found for the jet emanating from orifice at x/h = 3 while the contoured case displays a potential core extending to the range x/h = 5. A spurt in jet pressure on the centerline supports vena contracta for the orifice-jet. Momentum thicknesses and integral length scales elongate linearly with x although the growth of the shear-layer and large-scale eddies for the orifice are greater than the contoured case. The near-field spectrum exhibits higher frequency of the primary eddies that concur with enhanced turbulence intensity. Importantly, highly “turbulent” state of the orifice-jet prevails in the far-field where the spectra confirm more energetic secondary eddies associated with greater flapping amplitude of the orifice-jet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orifice" title="orifice">orifice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beveled-edge-orifice" title=" beveled-edge-orifice"> beveled-edge-orifice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radially%20contoured%20nozzle" title=" radially contoured nozzle"> radially contoured nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plane%20jets" title=" plane jets "> plane jets </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2295/comparative-analysis-of-turbulent-plane-jets-from-a-sharp-edged-orifice-a-beveled-edge-orifice-and-a-radially-contoured-nozzle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">322</span> Sewer Culvert Installation Method to Accommodate Underground Construction in an Urban Area with Narrow Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osamu%20Igawa">Osamu Igawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Kouchiwa"> Hiroshi Kouchiwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ito"> Yuji Ito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, a reconstruction project for sewer pipelines has been progressing in Japan with the aim of renewing old sewer culverts. However, it is difficult to secure a sufficient base area for shafts in an urban area because many streets are narrow with a complex layout. As a result, construction in such urban areas is generally very demanding. In urban areas, there is a strong requirement for a safe, reliable and economical construction method that does not disturb the public’s daily life and urban activities. With this in mind, we developed a new construction method called the 'shield switching type micro-tunneling method' which integrates the micro-tunneling method and shield method. In this method, pipeline is constructed first for sections that are gently curved or straight using the economical micro-tunneling method, and then the method is switched to the shield method for sections with a sharp curve or a series of curves without establishing an intermediate shaft. This paper provides the information, features and construction examples of this newly developed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-tunneling%20method" title="micro-tunneling method">micro-tunneling method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20lining%20applied%20RC%20segment" title=" secondary lining applied RC segment"> secondary lining applied RC segment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20curve" title=" sharp curve"> sharp curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shield%20method" title=" shield method"> shield method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20type" title=" switching type"> switching type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4418/sewer-culvert-installation-method-to-accommodate-underground-construction-in-an-urban-area-with-narrow-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">321</span> 3D-Shape-Perception Studied Exemplarily with Tetrahedron and Icosahedron as Prototypes of the Polarities Sharp versus Round</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iris%20Sauerbrei">Iris Sauerbrei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%B6rg%20Trojan"> Jörg Trojan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erich%20Lehner"> Erich Lehner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction and significance of the study: This study examines if three-dimensional shapes elicit distinct patterns of perceptions. If so, it is relevant for all fields of design, especially for the design of the built environment. Description of basic methodologies: The five platonic solids are the geometrical base for all other three-dimensional shapes, among which tetrahedron and icosahedron provide the clearest representation of the qualities sharp and round. The component pair of attributes ‘sharp versus round’ has already been examined in various surveys in a psychology of perception and in neuroscience by means of graphics, images of products of daily use, as well as by photographs and walk-through-videos of landscapes and architecture. To verify a transfer of outcomes of the existing surveys to the perception of three-dimensional shapes, walk-in models (total height 2.2m) of tetrahedron and icosahedron were set up in a public park in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Preferences of park visitors were tested by questionnaire; also they were asked to write down associations in a free text. In summer 2015, the tetrahedron was assembled eight times, the icosahedron seven times. In total 288 participants took part in the study; 116 rated the tetrahedron, 172 rated the icosahedron. Findings: Preliminary analyses of the collected data using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests show that the perceptions of the two solids differ in respect to several attributes and that each of the tested model show significance for specific attributes. Conclusion: These findings confirm the assumptions and provide first evidence that the perception of three-dimensional shapes are associated to characteristic attributes and to which. In order to enable conscious choices for spatial arrangements in design processes for the built environment, future studies should examine attributes for the other three basic bodies - Octahedron, Cube, and Dodecahedron. Additionally, similarities and differences between the perceptions of two- and three-dimensional shapes as well as shapes that are more complex need further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20shapes" title="3D shapes">3D shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20features" title=" geometrical features"> geometrical features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20perception" title=" space perception"> space perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walk-in%20models" title=" walk-in models"> walk-in models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47942/3d-shape-perception-studied-exemplarily-with-tetrahedron-and-icosahedron-as-prototypes-of-the-polarities-sharp-versus-round" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">320</span> Enhancing Security and Privacy Protocols in Telehealth: A Comprehensive Approach across IoT/Fog/Cloud Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunyong%20Guo">Yunyong Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Wang"> Man Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryan%20Guo"> Bryan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Guo"> Nathan Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an advanced security and privacy model tailored for Telehealth systems, emphasizing end-to-end protection across IoT, Fog, and Cloud components. The proposed model integrates encryption, key management, intrusion detection, and privacy-preserving measures to safeguard patient data. A comprehensive simulation study evaluates the model's effectiveness in scenarios such as unauthorized access, physical breaches, and insider threats. Results indicate notable success in detecting and mitigating threats yet underscore areas for refinement. The study contributes insights into the intricate balance between security and usability in Telehealth environments, setting the stage for continued advancements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud" title="cloud">cloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancing%20security" title=" enhancing security"> enhancing security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog" title=" fog"> fog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telehealth" title=" telehealth"> telehealth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177377/enhancing-security-and-privacy-protocols-in-telehealth-a-comprehensive-approach-across-iotfogcloud-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">319</span> Health Belief Model to Predict Sharps Injuries among Health Care Workers at First Level Care Facilities in Rural Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tahir%20Yousafzai">Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Rehana%20Siddiqui"> Amna Rehana Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Zafar%20Janjua"> Naveed Zafar Janjua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We assessed the frequency and predictors of sharp injuries (SIs) among health care workers (HCWs) at first level care facilities (FLCF) in rural Pakistan. HCWs working at public clinic (PC), privately owned licensed practitioners’ clinic (LPC) and non-licensed practitioners’ clinic (NLC) were interviewed on universal precautions (UPs) and constructs of health belief model (HBM) to assess their association with SIs through negative-binomial regression. From 365 clinics, 485 HCWs were interviewed. Overall annual rate of Sis was 192/100 HCWs/year; 78/100 HCWs among licensed prescribers, 191/100 HCWs among non-licensed prescribers, 248/100 HCWs among qualified assistants, and 321/100 HCWs among non-qualified assistants. Increasing knowledge score about bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) transmission (rate-ratio (RR): 0.93; 95%CI: 0.89–0.96), fewer years of work experience, being a non-licensed prescriber (RR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1.36–2.98) licensed (RR: 2.86; 9%CI: 1.81–4.51) or non-licensed assistant (RR: 2.78; 95%CI: 1.72–4.47) compared to a licensed prescriber, perceived barriers (RR: 1.06;95%CI: 1.03–1.08), and compliance with UPs scores (RR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.87–0.97) were significant predictors of SIs. Improved knowledge about BBPs, compliance with UPs and reduced barriers to follow UPs could reduce SIs to HCWs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20belief%20model" title="health belief model">health belief model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20injuries" title=" sharp injuries"> sharp injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needle%20stick%20injuries" title=" needle stick injuries"> needle stick injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20workers" title=" healthcare workers "> healthcare workers </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13928/health-belief-model-to-predict-sharps-injuries-among-health-care-workers-at-first-level-care-facilities-in-rural-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">318</span> Low Density Lipoprotein: The Culprit in the Development of Obesity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ojiegbe%20Ikenna%20Nathan">Ojiegbe Ikenna Nathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it leads to reduced life expectancy and or increased health problems. Obesity as a worldwide problem is seen clustered in the families and it moves from generation to generation. It causes some disabilities, mortality and morbidity if left unattended to. The predisposing factors to obesity are either genetic or environment in origin. Nevertheless, the main predisposing factor to obesity is the excessive consumption of food rich in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) such as organ meats, saturated fats etc. This low-density lipoprotein causes an increase in adipose tissue and complicates to obesity. There are varieties of obesity which one needs to take appropriate measures to avoid; such as android, gynoid and morbid obesity. Nonetheless, studies have shown that there is hope for the obese individuals, despite the cause, type and degree of their obesity. This is through the use of the different available treatment measures which increase in physical activities, caloric restrictions, drug therapy and surgical intervention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-density" title="low-density">low-density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipoprotein" title=" lipoprotein"> lipoprotein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culprit" title=" culprit"> culprit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity "> obesity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23090/low-density-lipoprotein-the-culprit-in-the-development-of-obesity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">317</span> Spatiotemporal Propagation and Pattern of Epileptic Spike Predict Seizure Onset Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Mohammadpour">Mostafa Mohammadpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Kapeller"> Christoph Kapeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christy%20Li"> Christy Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Scharinger"> Josef Scharinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Guger"> Christoph Guger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interictal spikes provide valuable information on electrocorticography (ECoG), which aids in surgical planning for patients who suffer from refractory epilepsy. However, the shape and temporal dynamics of these spikes remain unclear. The purpose of this work was to analyze the shape of interictal spikes and measure their distance to the seizure onset zone (SOZ) to use in epilepsy surgery. Thirteen patients' data from the iEEG portal were retrospectively studied. For analysis, half an hour of ECoG data was used from each patient, with the data being truncated before the onset of a seizure. Spikes were first detected and grouped in a sequence, then clustered into interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and non-IED groups using two-step clustering. The distance of the spikes from IED and non-IED groups to SOZ was quantified and compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Spikes in the IED group tended to be in SOZ or close to it, while spikes in the non-IED group were in distance of SOZ or non-SOZ area. At the group level, the distribution for sharp wave, positive baseline shift, slow wave, and slow wave to sharp wave ratio was significantly different for IED and non-IED groups. The distance of the IED cluster was 10.00mm and significantly closer to the SOZ than the 17.65mm for non-IEDs. These findings provide insights into the shape and spatiotemporal dynamics of spikes that could influence the network mechanisms underlying refractory epilepsy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spike%20propagation" title="spike propagation">spike propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spike%20pattern" title=" spike pattern"> spike pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOZ" title=" SOZ"> SOZ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176533/spatiotemporal-propagation-and-pattern-of-epileptic-spike-predict-seizure-onset-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">316</span> First Order Moment Bounds on DMRL and IMRL Classes of Life Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debasis%20Sengupta">Debasis Sengupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudipta%20Das"> Sudipta Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The class of life distributions with decreasing mean residual life (DMRL) is well known in the field of reliability modeling. It contains the IFR class of distributions and is contained in the NBUE class of distributions. While upper and lower bounds of the reliability distribution function of aging classes such as IFR, IFRA, NBU, NBUE, and HNBUE have discussed in the literature for a long time, there is no analogous result available for the DMRL class. We obtain the upper and lower bounds for the reliability function of the DMRL class in terms of first order finite moment. The lower bound is obtained by showing that for any fixed time, the minimization of the reliability function over the class of all DMRL distributions with a fixed mean is equivalent to its minimization over a smaller class of distribution with a special form. Optimization over this restricted set can be made algebraically. Likewise, the maximization of the reliability function over the class of all DMRL distributions with a fixed mean turns out to be a parametric optimization problem over the class of DMRL distributions of a special form. The constructive proofs also establish that both the upper and lower bounds are sharp. Further, the DMRL upper bound coincides with the HNBUE upper bound and the lower bound coincides with the IFR lower bound. We also prove that a pair of sharp upper and lower bounds for the reliability function when the distribution is increasing mean residual life (IMRL) with a fixed mean. This result is proved in a similar way. These inequalities fill a long-standing void in the literature of the life distribution modeling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMRL" title="DMRL">DMRL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMRL" title=" IMRL"> IMRL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20bounds" title=" reliability bounds"> reliability bounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20functions" title=" hazard functions"> hazard functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47988/first-order-moment-bounds-on-dmrl-and-imrl-classes-of-life-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">315</span> Approximation of Geodesics on Meshes with Implementation in Rhinoceros Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marian%20Sagat">Marian Sagat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Remesikova"> Mariana Remesikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In civil engineering, there is a problem how to industrially produce tensile membrane structures that are non-developable surfaces. Nondevelopable surfaces can only be developed with a certain error and we want to minimize this error. To that goal, the non-developable surfaces are cut into plates along to the geodesic curves. We propose a numerical algorithm for finding approximations of open geodesics on meshes and surfaces based on geodesic curvature flow. For practical reasons, it is important to automatize the choice of the time step. We propose a method for automatic setting of the time step based on the diagonal dominance criterion for the matrix of the linear system obtained by discretization of our partial differential equation model. Practical experiments show reliability of this method. Because approximation of the model is made by numerical method based on classic derivatives, it is necessary to solve obstacles which occur for meshes with sharp corners. We solve this problem for big family of meshes with sharp corners via special rotations which can be seen as partial unfolding of the mesh. In practical applications, it is required that the approximation of geodesic has its vertices only on the edges of the mesh. This problem is solved by a specially designed pointing tracking algorithm. We also partially solve the problem of finding geodesics on meshes with holes. We implemented the whole algorithm in Rhinoceros (commercial 3D computer graphics and computer-aided design software ). It is done by using C# language as C# assembly library for Grasshopper, which is plugin in Rhinoceros. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geodesic" title="geodesic">geodesic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geodesic%20curvature%20flow" title=" geodesic curvature flow"> geodesic curvature flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh" title=" mesh"> mesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhinoceros%20software" title=" Rhinoceros software"> Rhinoceros software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93093/approximation-of-geodesics-on-meshes-with-implementation-in-rhinoceros-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">314</span> A Novel PWM/PFM Controller for PSR Fly-Back Converter Using a New Peak Sensing Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanguk%20Nam">Sanguk Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Ha%20Nguyen"> Van Ha Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanjung%20Song"> Hanjung Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For low-power applications such as adapters for portable devices and USB chargers, the primary side regulation (PSR) fly-back converter is widely used in lieu of the conventional fly-back converter using opto-coupler because of its simpler structure and lower cost. In the literature, there has been studies focusing on the design of PSR circuit; however, the conventional sensing method in PSR circuit using RC delay has a lower accuracy as compared to the conventional fly-back converter using opto-coupler. In this paper, we propose a novel PWM/PFM controller using new sensing technique for the PSR fly-back converter which can control an accurate output voltage. The conventional PSR circuit can sense the output voltage information from the auxiliary winding to regulate the duty cycle of the clock that control the output voltage. In the sensing signal waveform, there has two transient points at time the voltage equals to Vout+VD and Vout, respectively. In other to sense the output voltage, the PSR circuit must detect the time at which the current of the diode at the output equals to zero. In the conventional PSR flyback-converter, the sensing signal at this time has a non-sharp-negative slope that might cause a difficulty in detecting the output voltage information since a delay of sensing signal or switching clock may exist which brings out an unstable operation of PSR fly-back converter. In this paper instead of detecting output voltage at a non-sharp-negative slope, a sharp-positive slope is used to sense the proper information of the output voltage. The proposed PRS circuit consists of a saw-tooth generator, a summing circuit, a sample and hold circuit and a peak detector. Besides, there is also the start-up circuit which protects the chip from high surge current when the converter is turned on. Additionally, to reduce the standby power loss, a second mode which operates in a low frequency is designed beside the main mode at high frequency. In general, the operation of the proposed PSR circuit can be summarized as following: At the time the output information is sensed from the auxiliary winding, a saw-tooth signal from the saw-tooth generator is generated. Then, both of these signals are summed using a summing circuit. After this process, the slope of the peak of the sensing signal at the time diode current is zero becomes positive and sharp that make the peak easy to detect. The output of the summing circuit then is fed into a peak detector and the sample and hold circuit; hence, the output voltage can be properly sensed. By this way, we can sense more accurate output voltage information and extend margin even circuit is delayed or even there is the existence of noise by using only a simple circuit structure as compared with conventional circuits while the performance can be sufficiently enhanced. Circuit verification was carried out using 0.35μm 700V Magnachip process. The simulation result of sensing signal shows a maximum error of 5mV under various load and line conditions which means the operation of the converter is stable. As compared to the conventional circuit, we achieved very small error only used analog circuits compare with conventional circuits. In this paper, a PWM/PFM controller using a simple and effective sensing method for PSR fly-back converter has been presented in this paper. The circuit structure is simple as compared with the conventional designs. The gained results from simulation confirmed the idea of the design <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20side%20regulation" title="primary side regulation">primary side regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSR" title=" PSR"> PSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensing%20technique" title=" sensing technique"> sensing technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20detector" title=" peak detector"> peak detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM%2FPFM%20control" title=" PWM/PFM control"> PWM/PFM control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly-back%20converter" title=" fly-back converter"> fly-back converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32180/a-novel-pwmpfm-controller-for-psr-fly-back-converter-using-a-new-peak-sensing-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">313</span> The Combined Methodology To Detect Onboard Driver Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Senthil%20Nathan">K. Senthil Nathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rajasekaran"> P. Rajasekaran </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatigue is a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness. Almost everyone becomes fatigued at some time, but driver’s fatigue is a serious problem that leads to thousands of automobile crashes each year. Fatigue process is often a change from the alertness and vigor state to the tiredness and weakness state. It is not only accompanied by drowsiness but also has a negative impact on mood. There have been studies to detect and quantify fatigue from the measurement of physiology variables such as electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electromyogram (EMG). This project involves a multimodal sensing of driver’s drowsiness. The first method is to count the eye blinking rate. In the second level, we authenticate the results of eye blink module with a grip sensor. The Flexiforce sensor is placed over the steering wheel. In the third level, the activities are sensed, the time elapsed from the driver’s last activity is counted here. The activities in the sense: Changing gear, applying brake, pressing sound horns, and turning the steering wheel. Absence of these activities is also an indicator of fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20blink%20sensor" title="eye blink sensor">eye blink sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flexiforce%20sensor" title=" Flexiforce sensor"> Flexiforce sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EOG" title=" EOG"> EOG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title=" EMG "> EMG </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30061/the-combined-methodology-to-detect-onboard-driver-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> A Fast, Portable Computational Framework for Aerodynamic Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ghommem">Mehdi Ghommem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Garcia"> Daniel Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Collier"> Nathan Collier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Calo"> Victor Calo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We develop a fast, user-friendly implementation of a potential flow solver based on the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM). The computational framework uses the Python programming language which has easy integration with the scripts requiring computationally-expensive operations written in Fortran. The mixed-language approach enables high performance in terms of solution time and high flexibility in terms of easiness of code adaptation to different system configurations and applications. This computational tool is intended to predict the unsteady aerodynamic behavior of multiple moving bodies (e.g., flapping wings, rotating blades, suspension bridges...) subject to an incoming air. We simulate different aerodynamic problems to validate and illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the developed computational tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady%20aerodynamics" title="unsteady aerodynamics">unsteady aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title=" numerical simulations"> numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-language%20approach" title=" mixed-language approach"> mixed-language approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20flow" title=" potential flow"> potential flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76465/a-fast-portable-computational-framework-for-aerodynamic-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">311</span> Cell Response on the Ti-15Mo Alloy Surface after Nanotubes Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Paula%20Rosifini%20Alves%20Claro">Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Luiz%20Reis%20Rangel"> André Luiz Reis Rangel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Trujillo"> Nathan Trujillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketul%20C.%20Popat"> Ketul C. Popat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated after nanotubes growth on Ti15Mo alloy surface. TiO2 nanotubes were obtained by anodizing technique at room temperature in an electrolyte with 0.25 %NH4F and glycerol at a constant anodic potential of 20 V for 24 hours. The morphology of nanotubes was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; XL 30 FEG, Philips). Crystal structure was analyzed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. A cell culture model using human fibroblast-like cells was used to study the effect of TiO2 nanotubes growth on the cytotoxicity of the Ti15Mo alloy for 1, 4 and 7 days culture period. The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and cell adhesion was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that Ti15Mo alloy with TiO2 nanotubes on surface is nontoxic and exhibit good interaction with surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloys" title="titanium alloys">titanium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2%20nanotubes" title=" TiO2 nanotubes"> TiO2 nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20growth" title=" cell growth"> cell growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-15Mo%20alloy" title=" Ti-15Mo alloy"> Ti-15Mo alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17473/cell-response-on-the-ti-15mo-alloy-surface-after-nanotubes-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">310</span> The Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Impacted by the Interface with Different Components Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Bo%20Zhang">Sheng-Bo Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huan-Hao%20Zhang"> Huan-Hao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi-Hua%20Chen"> Zhi-Hua Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Zheng"> Chun Zheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability has been studied numerically by using the high-resolution Roe scheme based on the two-dimensional unsteady Euler equation, which was caused by the interaction between shock wave and the helium circular light gas cylinder with different component distributions. The numerical results further discuss the deformation process of the gas cylinder, the wave structure of the flow field and quantitatively analyze the characteristic dimensions (length, height, and central axial width) of the gas cylinder, the volume compression ratio of the cylinder over time. In addition, the flow mechanism of shock-driven interface gas mixing is analyzed from multiple perspectives by combining it with the flow field pressure, velocity, circulation, and gas mixing rate. Then the effects of different initial component distribution conditions on interface instability are investigated. The results show when the diffusion interface transit to the sharp interface, the reflection coefficient gradually increases on both sides of the interface. When the incident shock wave interacts with the cylinder, the transmission of the shock wave will transit from conventional transmission to unconventional transmission. At the same time, the reflected shock wave is gradually strengthened, and the transmitted shock wave is gradually weakened, which leads to an increase in the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. Moreover, the Atwood number on both sides of the interface also increases as the diffusion interface transit to the sharp interface, which leads to an increase in the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Therefore, the increase in instability will lead to an increase the circulation, resulting in an increase in the growth rate of gas mixing rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave" title="shock wave">shock wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20light%20cylinder" title=" He light cylinder"> He light cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richtmyer-Meshkov%20instability" title=" Richtmyer-Meshkov instability"> Richtmyer-Meshkov instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20distribution" title=" Gaussian distribution"> Gaussian distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164153/the-richtmyer-meshkov-instability-impacted-by-the-interface-with-different-components-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Y.%20Sharp&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Y.%20Sharp&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Y.%20Sharp&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Y.%20Sharp&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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