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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Her%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza+Ara%C3%BAjo%22">"Heráclides César de Souza Araújo"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Her%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza+Ara%C3%BAjo%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Her%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza+Ara%C3%BAjo%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Her%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza+Ara%C3%BAjo%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Her%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza+Ara%C3%BAjo%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Her%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza+Ara%C3%BAjo%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1926-12-09,_El_Liberal,_El_doctor_Souza_Araujo_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1926-12-09%2C_El_Liberal%2C_El_doctor_Souza_Araujo_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1926-12-09%2C_El_Liberal%2C_El_doctor_Souza_Araujo_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1926-12-09%2C_El_Liberal%2C_El_doctor_Souza_Araujo_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1926-12-09%2C_El_Liberal%2C_El_doctor_Souza_Araujo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1926-12-09%2C_El_Liberal%2C_El_doctor_Souza_Araujo_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1926-12-09%2C_El_Liberal%2C_El_doctor_Souza_Araujo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Souza Araújo (1926)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Heráclides César de Souza Araújo</b> (24 June 1886 – 10 August 1962) was a Brazilian scientist known for his research into the control and treatment of <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>. He served on the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) Expert Panel on Leprosy and on the council of the International Leprosy Association, and received national honours in recognition of his work.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Souza Araújo was born in <a href="/wiki/Imbituva" title="Imbituva">Imbituva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a>, Brazil, in 1886. He graduated from the Escola de Farmácia de <a href="/wiki/Ouro_Preto" title="Ouro Preto">Ouro Preto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> and enrolled immediately at the Faculdade de Medicina de <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, finishing there in 1915. While still a student, he also completed the Curso de Applicação offered by the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Oswaldo_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Oswaldo Cruz">Instituto Oswaldo Cruz</a> (IOC) in 1913. He received his doctorate from IOC, with his thesis entitled <i>Estudo sobre o granuloma venéreo</i>. His training concluded with the courses in Public Health at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> in the US in 1926, and in Dermatology at the London School of Dermatology between 1930 and 1931. </p><p>After graduation Souza Araújo remained affiliated with the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and began to concentrate on the area of leprology. During the 1920s he served as head of the Rural Sanitary Service of <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a>, opening the Lazarópolis do Prata <a href="/wiki/Leprosarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Leprosarium">leprosarium</a> on June 24, 1924. He later wrote a monograph on this leprosarium. </p><p>As a researcher at IOC he published around 210 scientific works and headed the Leprology Laboratory from 1927 to 1956. He also edited the journal <i>Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz</i> during the same period. He was head of the Bacteriology Section and of the Division of Microbiology and Immunology from 1946 to 1956, and professor of the application course from 1928 to 1956. </p><p>As an internationally renowned researcher Souza Araújo had an important role in the creation of the International Society of Leprology, holding the post of vice-president from 1932 to 1956. </p><p>He dedicated himself to research into the control and treatment of leprosy, and played an important role both as a formulator of policy and as a critic of the policies and public initiatives in the field. He visited the main institutions involved in the study of and fight against the disease, both in Brazil and abroad. He was nominated Knight-Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Military and Hospital Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem</a> in 1936 and was a member of the WHO Expert Panel on Leprosy. </p><p>Despite retiring in 1956, Souza Araújo continued working at the IOC until his death in 1962. In 1960 the Brazilian government awarded him the Order of Medical Merit in recognition of his outstanding work. He was a Councillor of the International Leprosy Association and patron of the Center for the Study of Leprosy of the University of Parana, to which he donated his personal collection of books on leprosy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Her%C3%A1clides_C%C3%A9sar_de_Souza_Ara%C3%BAjo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A História da Lepra no Brasil: Volume I</i>, 1946. Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.</li> <li><i>A História da Lepra no Brasil: Volume II</i>, 1948. Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.</li> <li><i>A História da Lepra no Brasil: Volume III</i>. Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.</li> <li><i>A Lepra em 40 Países</i>, 1929. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro.</li> <li><i>Lazaropolis do Prata. A primeira colonia agricola de leprosos fundada no Brasil</i>. Monograph. Belem, 1924.</li> <li>'Contribuição á epidemiologia e prophylaxia da lepra no norte do Brasil'. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz, 1933:27 (3)</li> <li>'A lepra e as organizações anti-leprosas do Brasil em 1936: 2.- Estado do Pará - Organizações anti-leprosas: Lazaropolis do Prata'. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz, 1937:32 (1)</li> <li>'The Leprosy Problem in Brazil'. The American Journal of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical Medicine</a>, 1925:5 (3)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Her%C3%A1clides_C%C3%A9sar_de_Souza_Ara%C3%BAjo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arch.coc.fiocruz.br/index.php/heraclides-cesar-de-souza-araujo">"Heráclides César de Souza-Araújo - Base Arch"</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Museum Archives of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Her%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza-Ara%C3%BAjo+-+Base+Arch&rft.pub=Museum+Archives+of+Casa+de+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farch.coc.fiocruz.br%2Findex.php%2Fheraclides-cesar-de-souza-araujo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHer%C3%A1clides+C%C3%A9sar+de+Souza+Ara%C3%BAjo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><i>International Journal of Leprosy</i>, Centennial Festskrift edition, Vol 41, No 2. 1973.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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