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natural gas</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Pipeline natural gas"> <meta name="keywords" content="Pipeline natural gas"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Pipeline natural gas"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5989</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Pipeline natural gas</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5989</span> A CFD Analysis of Flow through a High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipeline with an Undeformed and Deformed Orifice Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ki%C5%A1">R. Kiš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Malcho"> M. Malcho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Janovcov%C3%A1"> M. Janovcová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to present a numerical analysis of the natural gas which flows through a high-pressure pipeline and an orifice plate, through the use of CFD methods. The paper contains CFD calculations for the flow of natural gas in a pipe with different geometry used for the orifice plates. One of them has a standard geometry and a shape without any deformation and the other is deformed by the action of the pressure differential. It shows the behaviour of natural gas in a pipeline using the velocity profiles and pressure fields of the gas in both models with their differences. The entire research is based on the elimination of any inaccuracy which should appear in the flow of the natural gas measured in the high-pressure pipelines of the gas industry and which is currently not given in the relevant standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orifice%20plate" title="orifice plate">orifice plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-pressure%20pipeline" title=" high-pressure pipeline"> high-pressure pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20analysis" title=" CFD analysis"> CFD analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6081/a-cfd-analysis-of-flow-through-a-high-pressure-natural-gas-pipeline-with-an-undeformed-and-deformed-orifice-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5988</span> A Resilience Process Model of Natural Gas Pipeline Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaoming%20Yang">Zhaoming Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Xiang"> Qi Xiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20He"> Qian He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Havbro%20Faber"> Michael Havbro Faber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrico%20Zio"> Enrico Zio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huai%20Su"> Huai Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinjun%20Zhang"> Jinjun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resilience is one of the key factors for system safety assessment and optimization, and resilience studies of natural gas pipeline systems (NGPS), especially in terms of process descriptions, are still being explored. Based on the three main stages, which are function loss process, recovery process, and waiting process, the paper has built functions and models which are according to the practical characteristics of NGPS and mainly analyzes the characteristics of deterministic interruptions. The resilience of NGPS also considers the threshold of the system function or users' satisfaction. The outcomes, which quantify the resilience of NGPS in different evaluation views, can be combined with the max flow and shortest path methods, help with the optimization of extra gas supplies and gas routes as well as pipeline maintenance strategies, the quick analysis of disturbance effects and the improvement of NGPS resilience evaluation accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20pipeline%20system" title="natural gas pipeline system">natural gas pipeline system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20modeling" title=" process modeling"> process modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterministic%20disturbance" title=" deterministic disturbance"> deterministic disturbance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162218/a-resilience-process-model-of-natural-gas-pipeline-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5987</span> The Advancement of Environmental Impact Assessment for 5th Transmission Natural Gas Pipeline Project in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penrug%20Pengsombut">Penrug Pengsombut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Worawut%20Hamarn"> Worawut Hamarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teerawuth%20Suwannasri"> Teerawuth Suwannasri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittiphong%20Songrukkiat"> Kittiphong Songrukkiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanatip%20Ratanachoo"> Kanatip Ratanachoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PTT Public Company Limited or simply PTT has played an important role in strengthening national energy security of the Kingdom of Thailand by transporting natural gas to customers in power, industrial and commercial sectors since 1981. PTT has been constructing and operating natural gas pipeline system of over 4,500-km network length both onshore and offshore laid through different area classifications i.e., marine, forest, agriculture, rural, urban, and city areas. During project development phase, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is conducted and submitted to the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) for approval before project construction commencement. Knowledge and experiences gained and revealed from EIA in the past projects definitely are developed to further advance EIA study process for newly 5th Transmission Natural Gas Pipeline Project (5TP) with approximately 415 kilometers length. The preferred pipeline route is selected and justified by SMARTi map, an advance digital one-map platform with consists of multiple layers geographic and environmental information. Sensitive area impact focus (SAIF) is a practicable impact assessment methodology which appropriate for a particular long distance infrastructure project such as 5TP. An environmental modeling simulation is adopted into SAIF methodology for impact quantified in all sensitive areas whereas other area along pipeline right-of-ways is typically assessed as an impact representative. Resulting time and cost deduction is beneficial to project for early start. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact%20assessment" title="environmental impact assessment">environmental impact assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIA" title=" EIA"> EIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20pipeline" title=" natural gas pipeline"> natural gas pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitive%20area%20impact%20focus" title=" sensitive area impact focus"> sensitive area impact focus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAIF" title=" SAIF"> SAIF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77171/the-advancement-of-environmental-impact-assessment-for-5th-transmission-natural-gas-pipeline-project-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5986</span> Chairussyuhur Arman, Totti Tjiptosumirat, Muhammad Gunawan, Mastur, Joko Priyono, Baiq Tri Ratna Erawati</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20M.%20Giannakou">Maria M. Giannakou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20K.%20Ziliaskopoulos"> Athanasios K. Ziliaskopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transmission pipelines carrying natural gas are often routed through populated cities, industrial and environmentally sensitive areas. While the need for these networks is unquestionable, there are serious concerns about the risk these lifeline networks pose to the people, to their habitat and to the critical infrastructures, especially in view of natural disasters such as earthquakes. This work presents an Integrated Pipeline Risk Management methodology (IPRM) for assessing the hazard associated with a natural gas pipeline failure due to natural or manmade disasters. IPRM aims to optimize the allocation of the available resources to countermeasures in order to minimize the impacts of pipeline failure to humans, the environment, the infrastructure and the economic activity. A proposed knapsack mathematical programming formulation is introduced that optimally selects the proper mitigation policies based on the estimated cost – benefit ratios. The proposed model is demonstrated with a small numerical example. The vulnerability analysis of these pipelines and the quantification of consequences from such failures can be useful for natural gas industries on deciding which mitigation measures to implement on the existing pipeline networks with the minimum cost in an acceptable level of hazard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20benefit%20analysis" title="cost benefit analysis">cost benefit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knapsack%20problem" title=" knapsack problem"> knapsack problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20distribution%20network" title=" natural gas distribution network"> natural gas distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20mitigation" title=" risk mitigation"> risk mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37784/chairussyuhur-arman-totti-tjiptosumirat-muhammad-gunawan-mastur-joko-priyono-baiq-tri-ratna-erawati" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5985</span> Russian pipeline natural gas export strategy under uncertainty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koryukaeva%20Ksenia">Koryukaeva Ksenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinfeng%20Sun"> Jinfeng Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Europe has been a traditional importer of Russian natural gas for more than 50 years. In 2021, Russian state-owned company Gazprom supplied about a third of all gas consumed in Europe. The Russia-Europe mutual dependence in terms of natural gas supplies has been causing many concerns about the energy security of the two sides for a long period of time. These days the issue has become more urgent than ever considering recent Russian invasion in Ukraine followed by increased large-scale geopolitical conflicts, making the future of Russian natural gas supplies and global gas markets as well highly uncertain. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to get insight into the possible futures of Russian pipeline natural gas exports by a scenario planning method based on Monte-Carlo simulation within LUSS model framework, and propose Russian pipeline natural gas export strategies based on the obtained scenario planning results. The scenario analysis revealed that recent geopolitical disputes disturbed the traditional, longstanding model of Russian pipeline gas exports, and, as a result, the prospects and the pathways for Russian pipeline gas on the world markets will differ significantly from those before 2022. Specifically, our main findings show, that (i) the events of 2022 generated many uncertainties for the long-term future of Russian pipeline gas export perspectives on both western and eastern supply directions, including geopolitical, regulatory, economic, infrastructure and other uncertainties; (ii) according to scenario modelling results, Russian pipeline exports will face many challenges in the future, both on western and eastern directions. A decrease in pipeline gas exports will inevitably affect country’s natural gas production and significantly reduce fossil fuel export revenues, jeopardizing the energy security of the country; (iii) according to proposed strategies, in order to ensure the long-term stable export supplies in the changing environment, Russia may need to adjust its traditional export strategy by performing export flows and product diversification, entering new markets, adapting its contracting mechanism, increasing competitiveness and gaining a reputation of a reliable gas supplier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20natural%20gas" title="Russian natural gas">Russian natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pipeline%20natural%20gas" title=" Pipeline natural gas"> Pipeline natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uncertainty" title=" Uncertainty"> Uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scenario%20simulation" title=" Scenario simulation"> Scenario simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Export%20strategy" title=" Export strategy"> Export strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183502/russian-pipeline-natural-gas-export-strategy-under-uncertainty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5984</span> Rheological and Computational Analysis of Crude Oil Transportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praveen%20Kumar">Praveen Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Kumar"> Satish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jashanpreet%20Singh"> Jashanpreet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transportation of unrefined crude oil from the production unit to a refinery or large storage area by a pipeline is difficult due to the different properties of crude in various areas. Thus, the design of a crude oil pipeline is a very complex and time consuming process, when considering all the various parameters. There were three very important parameters that play a significant role in the transportation and processing pipeline design; these are: viscosity profile, temperature profile and the velocity profile of waxy crude oil through the crude oil pipeline. Knowledge of the Rheological computational technique is required for better understanding the flow behavior and predicting the flow profile in a crude oil pipeline. From these profile parameters, the material and the emulsion that is best suited for crude oil transportation can be predicted. Rheological computational fluid dynamic technique is a fast method used for designing flow profile in a crude oil pipeline with the help of computational fluid dynamics and rheological modeling. With this technique, the effect of fluid properties including shear rate range with temperature variation, degree of viscosity, elastic modulus and viscous modulus was evaluated under different conditions in a transport pipeline. In this paper, two crude oil samples was used, as well as a prepared emulsion with natural and synthetic additives, at different concentrations ranging from 1,000 ppm to 3,000 ppm. The rheological properties was then evaluated at a temperature range of 25 to 60 °C and which additive was best suited for transportation of crude oil is determined. Commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to generate the flow, velocity and viscosity profile of the emulsions for flow behavior analysis in crude oil transportation pipeline. This rheological CFD design can be further applied in developing designs of pipeline in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title="surfactant">surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural" title=" natural"> natural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil" title=" crude oil"> crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title=" rheology"> rheology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57573/rheological-and-computational-analysis-of-crude-oil-transportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5983</span> Gas Transmission Pipeline Integrity Management System Through Corrosion Mitigation and Inspection Strategy: A Case Study of Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline from Wafa Field to Mellitah Gas Plant in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Sassi">Osama Sassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Eltorki"> Manal Eltorki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iftikhar%20Ahmad"> Iftikhar Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poor integrity is one of the major causes of leaks and accidents in gas transmission pipelines. To ensure safe operation, it is must to have efficient and effective pipeline integrity management (PIM) system. The corrosion management is one of the important aspects of successful pipeline integrity management program together design, material selection, operations, risk evaluation and communication aspects to maintain pipelines in a fit-for-service condition. The objective of a corrosion management plan is to design corrosion mitigation, monitoring, and inspection strategy, and for maintenance in a timely manner. This paper presents the experience of corrosion management of a gas transmission pipeline from Wafa field to Mellitah gas plant in Libya. The pipeline is 525.5 km long and having 32 inches diameter. It is a buried pipeline. External corrosion on pipeline is controlled with a combination of coatings and cathodic protection while internal corrosion is controlled with a combination of chemical inhibitors, periodic cleaning and process control. The monitoring and inspection techniques provide a way to measure the effectiveness of corrosion control systems and provide an early warning when changing conditions may be causing a corrosion problem. This paper describes corrosion management system used in Mellitah Oil & Gas BV for its gas transmission pipeline based on standard practices of corrosion mitigation and inspection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20mitigation%20on%20gas%20transmission%20pipelines" title="corrosion mitigation on gas transmission pipelines">corrosion mitigation on gas transmission pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20integrity%20management" title=" pipeline integrity management"> pipeline integrity management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20management%20of%20gas%20pipelines" title=" corrosion management of gas pipelines"> corrosion management of gas pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention%20and%20inspection%20of%20corrosion" title=" prevention and inspection of corrosion"> prevention and inspection of corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178928/gas-transmission-pipeline-integrity-management-system-through-corrosion-mitigation-and-inspection-strategy-a-case-study-of-natural-gas-transmission-pipeline-from-wafa-field-to-mellitah-gas-plant-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5982</span> 3-D Numerical Model for Wave-Induced Seabed Response around an Offshore Pipeline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuodong%20Liang">Zuodong Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Sheng%20Jeng"> Dong-Sheng Jeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seabed instability around an offshore pipeline is one of key factors that need to be considered in the design of offshore infrastructures. Unlike previous investigations, a three-dimensional numerical model for the wave-induced soil response around an offshore pipeline is proposed in this paper. The numerical model was first validated with 2-D experimental data available in the literature. Then, a parametric study will be carried out to examine the effects of wave, seabed characteristics and confirmation of pipeline. Numerical examples demonstrate significant influence of wave obliquity on the wave-induced pore pressures and the resultant seabed liquefaction around the pipeline, which cannot be observed in 2-D numerical simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore%20pressure" title="pore pressure">pore pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20wave%20model" title=" 3D wave model"> 3D wave model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seabed%20liquefaction" title=" seabed liquefaction"> seabed liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76992/3-d-numerical-model-for-wave-induced-seabed-response-around-an-offshore-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5981</span> Enhancing Environmental Impact Assessment for Natural Gas Pipeline Systems: Lessons in Water and Wastewater Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittipon%20Chittanukul">Kittipon Chittanukul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chayut%20Bureethan"> Chayut Bureethan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chutimon%20Piromyaporn"> Chutimon Piromyaporn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Thailand, the natural gas pipeline system requires the preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for approval by the relevant agency, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), in the pre-construction stage. As of December 2022, PTT has a lot of gas pipeline system spanning around the country. Our experience has shown that the EIA is a significant part of the project plan. In 2011, There was a catastrophic flood in multiple areas of Thailand. It destroyed lives and properties. This event is still in Thai people’s mind. Furthermore, rainfall has been increasing for three consecutive years (2020-2022). Moreover, municipalities are situated in low land river basin and tropical rainfall zone. So many areas still suffer from flooding. Especially in 2022, there will be a 60% increase in water demand compared to the previous year. Therefore, all activities will take into account the quality of the receiving water. The above information emphasizes water and wastewater management are significant in EIA report. PTT has accumulated a large number of lessons learned in water and wastewater management. Our pipeline system execution is composed of EIA stage, construction stage, and operation and maintenance phase. We provide practical Information on water and wastewater management to enhance the EIA process for the pipeline system. The examples of lessons learned in water and wastewater management include techniques to address water and wastewater impact throughout the overall pipelines systems, mitigation measures and monitoring results of these measures. This practical information will alleviate the anxiety of the ONEP committee when approving the EIA report and will build trust among stakeholders in the vicinity of the gas pipeline system area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact%20assessment" title="environmental impact assessment">environmental impact assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20pipeline%20system" title=" gas pipeline system"> gas pipeline system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20land%20basin" title=" low land basin"> low land basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20risk%20flooding%20area" title=" high risk flooding area"> high risk flooding area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20measure" title=" mitigation measure"> mitigation measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171274/enhancing-environmental-impact-assessment-for-natural-gas-pipeline-systems-lessons-in-water-and-wastewater-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5980</span> Preparation of Bacterial Cellulose Membranes from Nata de Coco for CO2/CH4 Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanin%20Hosakun">Yanin Hosakun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujitra%20Wongkasemjit"> Sujitra Wongkasemjit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanyalak%20Chaisuwan"> Thanyalak Chaisuwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide removal from natural gas is an important process because the existence of carbon dioxide in natural gas contributes to pipeline corrosion, reduces the heating value, and takes up volume in the pipeline. In this study, bacterial cellulose was chosen for the CO2/CH4 gas separation membrane due to its unique structure and prominent properties. Additionally, it can simply be obtained by culturing the bacteria so called “Acetobacter xylinum” through fermentation of coconut juice. Bacterial cellulose membranes with and without silver ions were prepared and studied for the separation performance of CO2 and CH4. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20cellulose" title="bacterial cellulose">bacterial cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CH4%20separation" title=" CH4 separation"> CH4 separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nata%20de%20coco" title=" nata de coco"> nata de coco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4084/preparation-of-bacterial-cellulose-membranes-from-nata-de-coco-for-co2ch4-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5979</span> Natural Gas Flow Optimization Using Pressure Profiling and Isolation Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Tahir%20Shah">Syed Tahir Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal%20Muhammad"> Fazal Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Kashif%20Shah"> Syed Kashif Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maleeha%20Gul"> Maleeha Gul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent days, natural gas has become a relatively clean and quality source of energy, which is recovered from deep wells by expensive drilling activities. The recovered substance is purified by processing in multiple stages to remove the unwanted/containments like dust, dirt, crude oil and other particles. Mostly, gas utilities are concerned with essential objectives of quantity/quality of natural gas delivery, financial outcome and safe natural gas volumetric inventory in the transmission gas pipeline. Gas quantity and quality are primarily related to standards / advanced metering procedures in processing units/transmission systems, and the financial outcome is defined by purchasing and selling gas also the operational cost of the transmission pipeline. SNGPL (Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited) Pakistan has a wide range of diameters of natural gas transmission pipelines network of over 9125 km. This research results in answer a few of the issues in accuracy/metering procedures via multiple advanced gadgets for gas flow attributes after being utilized in the transmission system and research. The effects of good pressure management in transmission gas pipeline network in contemplation to boost the gas volume deposited in the existing network and finally curbing gas losses UFG (Unaccounted for gas) for financial benefits. Furthermore, depending on the results and their observation, it is directed to enhance the maximum allowable working/operating pressure (MAOP) of the system to 1235 PSIG from the current round about 900 PSIG, such that the capacity of the network could be entirely utilized. In gross, the results depict that the current model is very efficient and provides excellent results in the minimum possible time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title="natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20network" title=" pipeline network"> pipeline network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UFG" title=" UFG"> UFG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20pack" title=" transmission pack"> transmission pack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AGA" title=" AGA"> AGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172999/natural-gas-flow-optimization-using-pressure-profiling-and-isolation-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5978</span> Determination of Safety Distance Around Gas Pipelines Using Numerical Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Adibi">Omid Adibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nategheh%20Najafpour"> Nategheh Najafpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bijan%20Farhanieh"> Bijan Farhanieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Afshin"> Hossein Afshin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy transmission pipelines are one of the most vital parts of each country which several strict laws have been conducted to enhance the safety of these lines and their vicinity. One of these laws is the safety distance around high pressure gas pipelines. Safety distance refers to the minimum distance from the pipeline where people and equipment do not confront with serious damages. In the present study, safety distance around high pressure gas transmission pipelines were determined by using numerical methods. For this purpose, gas leakages from cracked pipeline and created jet fires were simulated as continuous ignition, three dimensional, unsteady and turbulent cases. Numerical simulations were based on finite volume method and turbulence of flow was considered using k-ω SST model. Also, the combustion of natural gas and air mixture was applied using the eddy dissipation method. The results show that, due to the high pressure difference between pipeline and environment, flow chocks in the cracked area and velocity of the exhausted gas reaches to sound speed. Also, analysis of the incident radiation results shows that safety distances around 42 inches high pressure natural gas pipeline based on 5 and 15 kW/m<sup>2</sup> criteria are 205 and 272 meters, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20pipelines" title="gas pipelines">gas pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incident%20radiation" title=" incident radiation"> incident radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20distance" title=" safety distance"> safety distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87834/determination-of-safety-distance-around-gas-pipelines-using-numerical-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5977</span> Behavioral Study Circumferential and Longitudinal Cracks in a Steel Pipeline X65 and Repair Patch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadok%20Aboubakr">Sadok Aboubakr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanical behavior of cracks from several manufacturing defect in an oil pipeline, is characterized by the fact that defects'm taking several forms: circumferential, longitudinal and inclined crack that evolve over time. Increased lifetime of the constructions and in particular cylindrical tubes under internal pressure requires knowledge improving these defects during loading. From this study we simulated various forms of cracking and also their pipeline repair patch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity%20factor" title="stress intensity factor">stress intensity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%27s%20modulus" title=" Young's modulus"> Young's modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poisson%27s%20ratio" title=" Poisson's ratio"> Poisson's ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shear%20modulus" title=" Shear modulus"> Shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Longueur%20du%20pipeline" title=" Longueur du pipeline"> Longueur du pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20angle%20of%20crack" title=" the angle of crack"> the angle of crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20length" title=" crack length"> crack length</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17734/behavioral-study-circumferential-and-longitudinal-cracks-in-a-steel-pipeline-x65-and-repair-patch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5976</span> Increasing of Resiliency by Using Gas Storage in Iranian Gas Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Dourandish">Mohsen Dourandish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iran has a huge pipeline network in every state of country which is the longest and vastest pipeline network after Russia and USA (360,000 Km high pressure pipelines and 250,000 Km distribution networks). Furthermore in recent years National Iranian Gas Company is planning to develop natural gas network to cover all cities and villages above 20 families, in a way that 97 percent of Iran population will be gas consumer by 2020. In this condition, network resiliency will be the first priority of NIGC and due to that several planning for increasing resiliency of gas network is under construction. The most important strategy of NIGC is converting tree form pattern network to loop gas networks and developing underground gas storage near main gas consuming centers. In this regard NIGC is planning for construction of over 3500 km high-pressure pipeline and also 10 TCM gas storage capacities in UGSs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20gas%20network" title="Iranian gas network">Iranian gas network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20shaving" title=" peak shaving"> peak shaving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resiliency" title=" resiliency"> resiliency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20gas%20storage" title=" underground gas storage"> underground gas storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46485/increasing-of-resiliency-by-using-gas-storage-in-iranian-gas-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5975</span> The Use of Correlation Difference for the Prediction of Leakage in Pipeline Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Usunobun%20Olanipekun">Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Ogbemudia%20Omoregbee"> Henry Ogbemudia Omoregbee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anomalies such as water pipeline and hydraulic or petrochemical pipeline network leakages and bursts have significant implications for economic conditions and the environment. In order to ensure pipeline systems are reliable, they must be efficiently controlled. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become a powerful network with critical infrastructure monitoring systems for water, oil and gas pipelines. The loss of water, oil and gas is inevitable and is strongly linked to financial costs and environmental problems, and its avoidance often leads to saving of economic resources. Substantial repair costs and the loss of precious natural resources are part of the financial impact of leaking pipes. Pipeline systems experts have implemented various methodologies in recent decades to identify and locate leakages in water, oil and gas supply networks. These methodologies include, among others, the use of acoustic sensors, measurements, abrupt statistical analysis etc. The issue of leak quantification is to estimate, given some observations about that network, the size and location of one or more leaks in a water pipeline network. In detecting background leakage, however, there is a greater uncertainty in using these methodologies since their output is not so reliable. In this work, we are presenting a scalable concept and simulation where a pressure-driven model (PDM) was used to determine water pipeline leakage in a system network. These pressure data were collected with the use of acoustic sensors located at various node points after a predetermined distance apart. We were able to determine with the use of correlation difference to determine the leakage point locally introduced at a predetermined point between two consecutive nodes, causing a substantial pressure difference between in a pipeline network. After de-noising the signal from the sensors at the nodes, we successfully obtained the exact point where we introduced the local leakage using the correlation difference model we developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20detection" title="leakage detection">leakage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20signals" title=" acoustic signals"> acoustic signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20network" title=" pipeline network"> pipeline network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks%20%28WSNs%29" title=" wireless sensor networks (WSNs)"> wireless sensor networks (WSNs)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172959/the-use-of-correlation-difference-for-the-prediction-of-leakage-in-pipeline-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5974</span> Stress Corrosion Crack Identification with Direct Assessment Method in Pipeline Downstream from a Compressor Station</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gholami">H. Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalali%20Azizpour"> M. Jalali Azizpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stress Corrosion Crack (SCC) in pipeline is a type of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC), since its discovery in 1965 as a possible cause of failure in pipeline, SCC has caused, on average, one of two failures per year in the U.S, According to the NACE SCC DA a pipe line segment is considered susceptible to SCC if all of the following factors are met: The operating stress exceeds 60% of specified minimum yield strength (SMYS), the operating temperature exceeds 38°C, the segment is less than 32 km downstream from a compressor station, the age of the pipeline is greater than 10 years and the coating type is other than Fusion Bonded Epoxy(FBE). In this paper as a practical experience in NISOC, Direct Assessment (DA) Method is used for identification SCC defect in unpiggable pipeline located downstream of compressor station. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20corrosion%20crack" title="stress corrosion crack">stress corrosion crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20assessment" title=" direct assessment"> direct assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disbondment" title=" disbondment"> disbondment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgranular%20SCC" title=" transgranular SCC"> transgranular SCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressor%20station" title=" compressor station"> compressor station</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20469/stress-corrosion-crack-identification-with-direct-assessment-method-in-pipeline-downstream-from-a-compressor-station" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5973</span> Prison Pipeline or College Pathways: Transforming the Urban Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcia%20J.%20Watson">Marcia J. Watson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The “school-to-prison pipeline” is a widely known phenomenon within education. Although data surrounding this epidemic is daunting, we coin the term “school-to-postsecondary pipeline” to explore proactive strategies that are currently working in K-12 education for African American students. The assumption that high school graduation, postsecondary matriculation, and social success are not the assumed norms for African American youth, positions the term “school-to-postsecondary pipeline” as the newly casted advocacy term for African American educational success. Using secondary data from the Children’s Defense Fund and the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights, we examine current conditions of educational accessibility and attainment for African American students, and provide effective strategies for classroom teachers, administrators, and parents to use for the immediate implementation in schools. These strategies include: (a) engaging instruction, (b) relevant curriculum, and (c) utilizing useful enrichment and community resources. By providing proactive steps towards the school-to-postsecondary pipeline, we hope to counter the docility of the school-to-prison pipeline as the assumed reality for African American youth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20access" title="college access">college access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school-to-prison%20pipeline" title=" school-to-prison pipeline"> school-to-prison pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20education%20reform" title=" urban education reform"> urban education reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20516/prison-pipeline-or-college-pathways-transforming-the-urban-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5972</span> Risk Assessment of Natural Gas Pipelines in Coal Mined Gobs Based on Bow-Tie Model and Cloud Inference</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobin%20Liang">Xiaobin Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Liang"> Wei Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laibin%20Zhang"> Laibin Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Guo"> Xiaoyan Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pipelines pass through coal mined gobs inevitably in the mining area, the stability of which has great influence on the safety of pipelines. After extensive literature study and field research, it was found that there are a few risk assessment methods for coal mined gob pipelines, and there is a lack of data on the gob sites. Therefore, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is widely used based on expert opinions. However, the subjective opinions or lack of experience of individual experts may lead to inaccurate evaluation results. Hence the accuracy of the results needs to be further improved. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to achieve this purpose by combining bow-tie model and cloud inference. The specific evaluation process is as follows: First, a bow-tie model composed of a fault tree and an event tree is established to graphically illustrate the probability and consequence indicators of pipeline failure. Second, the interval estimation method can be scored in the form of intervals to improve the accuracy of the results, and the censored mean algorithm is used to remove the maximum and minimum values of the score to improve the stability of the results. The golden section method is used to determine the weight of the indicators and reduce the subjectivity of index weights. Third, the failure probability and failure consequence scores of the pipeline are converted into three numerical features by using cloud inference. The cloud inference can better describe the ambiguity and volatility of the results which can better describe the volatility of the risk level. Finally, the cloud drop graphs of failure probability and failure consequences can be expressed, which intuitively and accurately illustrate the ambiguity and randomness of the results. A case study of a coal mine gob pipeline carrying natural gas has been investigated to validate the utility of the proposed method. The evaluation results of this case show that the probability of failure of the pipeline is very low, the consequences of failure are more serious, which is consistent with the reality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bow-tie%20model" title="bow-tie model">bow-tie model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20pipeline" title=" natural gas pipeline"> natural gas pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mine%20gob" title=" coal mine gob"> coal mine gob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20inference" title=" cloud inference"> cloud inference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98476/risk-assessment-of-natural-gas-pipelines-in-coal-mined-gobs-based-on-bow-tie-model-and-cloud-inference" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5971</span> Gas Flaring Utilization at KK Station</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Alati%20Ali%20Abushnaq">Abd Alati Ali Abushnaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Essnni"> Malek Essnni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abduraouf%20Eteer"> Abduraouf Eteer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to effectively utilize associated gas from the KK remote station, eliminating the practice of flaring and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proposed integrated system involves diverting the associated gas via a newly designed pipeline, seamlessly connecting to the existing 12-inch pipeline at the tie-in point. The proposed destination is the low-pressure system at A-100 or 3rd stage, where the associated gas will be channeled towards the NGL (natural gas liquid) plant for processing. To ensure the system's efficacy under varying gas production scenarios, the study employs two industry-standard simulation software packages, Aspen HYSYS and PIPSIM. The simulated results demonstrate the system's ability to handle the projected increase in gas production, reaching up to 38 MMSCFD. This comprehensive analysis ensures the system's robustness and adaptability to future production demands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20gas" title="associated gas">associated gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flaring%20mitigation" title=" flaring mitigation"> flaring mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emissions" title=" GHG emissions"> GHG emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20diversion" title=" pipeline diversion"> pipeline diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGL%20plant" title=" NGL plant"> NGL plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KK%20remote%20station" title=" KK remote station"> KK remote station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20forecasting" title=" production forecasting"> production forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspen%20HYSYS" title=" Aspen HYSYS"> Aspen HYSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIPSIM" title=" PIPSIM"> PIPSIM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178865/gas-flaring-utilization-at-kk-station" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5970</span> Exploring Hydrogen Embrittlement and Fatigue Crack Growth in API 5L X52 Steel Pipeline Under Cyclic Internal Pressure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Bouledroua">Omar Bouledroua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Zelmati"> Djamel Zelmati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahreddine%20Hafsi"> Zahreddine Hafsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milos%20B.%20Djukic"> Milos B. Djukic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transporting hydrogen gas through the existing natural gas pipeline network offers an efficient solution for energy storage and conveyance. Hydrogen generated from excess renewable electricity can be conveyed through the API 5L steel-made pipelines that already exist. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for the transportation of hydrogen through existing gas pipelines. Therefore, numerical and experimental tests are required to verify and ensure the mechanical integrity of the API 5L steel pipelines that will be used for pressurized hydrogen transportation. Internal pressure loading is likely to accelerate hydrogen diffusion through the internal pipe wall and consequently accentuate the hydrogen embrittlement of steel pipelines. Furthermore, pre-cracked pipelines are susceptible to quick failure, mainly under a time-dependent cyclic pressure loading that drives fatigue crack propagation. Meanwhile, after several loading cycles, the initial cracks will propagate to a critical size. At this point, the remaining service life of the pipeline can be estimated, and inspection intervals can be determined. This paper focuses on the hydrogen embrittlement of API 5L steel-made pipeline under cyclic pressure loading. Pressurized hydrogen gas is transported through a network of pipelines where demands at consumption nodes vary periodically. The resulting pressure profile over time is considered a cyclic loading on the internal wall of a pre-cracked pipeline made of API 5L steel-grade material. Numerical modeling has allowed the prediction of fatigue crack evolution and estimation of the remaining service life of the pipeline. The developed methodology in this paper is based on the ASME B31.12 standard, which outlines the guidelines for hydrogen pipelines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20embrittlement" title="hydrogen embrittlement">hydrogen embrittlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipelines" title=" pipelines"> pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20flow" title=" transient flow"> transient flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20pressure" title=" cyclic pressure"> cyclic pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20crack%20growth" title=" fatigue crack growth"> fatigue crack growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178022/exploring-hydrogen-embrittlement-and-fatigue-crack-growth-in-api-5l-x52-steel-pipeline-under-cyclic-internal-pressure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5969</span> The Scenario Analysis of Shale Gas Development in China by Applying Natural Gas Pipeline Optimization Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Xu">Meng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20K.%20H.%20Lau"> Alexis K. H. Lau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Xu"> Ming Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bill%20Barron"> Bill Barron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narges%20Shahraki"> Narges Shahraki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an emerging unconventional energy, shale gas has been an economically viable step towards a cleaner energy future in U.S. China also has shale resources that are estimated to be potentially the largest in the world. In addition, China has enormous unmet for a clean alternative to substitute coal. Nonetheless, the geological complexity of China’s shale basins and issues of water scarcity potentially impose serious constraints on shale gas development in China. Further, even if China could replicate to a significant degree the U.S. shale gas boom, China faces the problem of transporting the gas efficiently overland with its limited pipeline network throughput capacity and coverage. The aim of this study is to identify the potential bottlenecks in China’s gas transmission network, as well as to examine the shale gas development affecting particular supply locations and demand centers. We examine this through application of three scenarios with projecting domestic shale gas supply by 2020: optimistic, medium and conservative shale gas supply, taking references from the International Energy Agency’s (IEA’s) projections and China’s shale gas development plans. Separately we project the gas demand at provincial level, since shale gas will have more significant impact regionally than nationally. To quantitatively assess each shale gas development scenario, we formulated a gas pipeline optimization model. We used ArcGIS to generate the connectivity parameters and pipeline segment length. Other parameters are collected from provincial “twelfth-five year” plans and “China Oil and Gas Pipeline Atlas”. The multi-objective optimization model uses GAMs and Matlab. It aims to minimize the demands that are unable to be met, while simultaneously seeking to minimize total gas supply and transmission costs. The results indicate that, even if the primary objective is to meet the projected gas demand rather than cost minimization, there’s a shortfall of 9% in meeting total demand under the medium scenario. Comparing the results between the optimistic and medium supply of shale gas scenarios, almost half of the shale gas produced in Sichuan province and Chongqing won’t be able to be transmitted out by pipeline. On the demand side, the Henan province and Shanghai gas demand gap could be filled as much as 82% and 39% respectively, with increased shale gas supply. To conclude, the pipeline network in China is currently not sufficient in meeting the projected natural gas demand in 2020 under medium and optimistic scenarios, indicating the need for substantial pipeline capacity expansion for some of the existing network, and the importance of constructing new pipelines from particular supply to demand sites. If the pipeline constraint is overcame, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Henan’s gas demand gap could potentially be filled, and China could thereby reduce almost 25% its dependency on LNG imports under the optimistic scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title="energy policy">energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20systematic%20analysis" title=" energy systematic analysis"> energy systematic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario%20analysis" title=" scenario analysis"> scenario analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale%20gas%20in%20China" title=" shale gas in China "> shale gas in China </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29832/the-scenario-analysis-of-shale-gas-development-in-china-by-applying-natural-gas-pipeline-optimization-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5968</span> Studying Roughness Effects on Flow Regimes in Offshore Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sadegh%20Narges">Mohammad Sadegh Narges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Ghadampour"> Zahra Ghadampour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the specific condition, offshore pipelines are given careful consideration and care in both design and operation. Most of the offshore pipeline flows are multi-phase. Multi-phase flows construct different pattern or flow regimes (in simultaneous gas-liquid flow, flow regimes like slug flow, wave and …) under different circumstances. One of the influencing factors on the flow regime is the pipeline roughness value. So far, roughness value influences and the sensitivity of the present models to this parameter have not been taken into consideration. Therefore, roughness value influences on the flow regimes in offshore pipelines are discussed in this paper. Results showed that geometry, absolute pipeline roughness value (materials that the pipeline is made of) and flow phases prevailing the system are of the influential parameters on the flow regimes prevailing multi-phase pipelines in a way that a change in any of these parameters results in a change in flow regimes in all or part of the pipeline system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20roughness" title="absolute roughness">absolute roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20regime" title=" flow regime"> flow regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-phase%20flow" title=" multi-phase flow"> multi-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20pipelines" title=" offshore pipelines"> offshore pipelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63642/studying-roughness-effects-on-flow-regimes-in-offshore-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5967</span> Supply Chain of Energy Resources and Its Alternatives Due to the Arab Spring: The Case of Egyptian Natural Gas Flow to Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moh%E2%80%99d%20Anwer%20Al-Shboul">Moh’d Anwer Al-Shboul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The year 2011 was a challenging year for Jordanian economy, which felt a variety of effects from the Arab Spring which took place in neighboring countries. Since February, 5th 2012, the Arab Gas Supply Pipeline, which carries natural gas from Egypt through the Sinai Peninsula and to Jordan and Israel, has been attacked more than 39 times. Jordan imported about 80 percent of its necessity of natural gas (about 250 million cubic feet of natural gas per day) from Egypt to generate particularly electricity, with the reminder of being produced locally. Jordan has utilized multiple alternatives to address the interruption of available natural gas supply from Egypt. The Jordanian distributed power plants now rely on the use of heavy fuel oil and diesel for electricity generation, in this case, it costs Jordan about four times than natural gas. The substitution of Egyptian natural gas supplies by fuel oil and diesel, coupled with the 32 percent rise in global fuel prices, has increased Jordan’s energy import bill by over 50 percent in 2011, reaching more than 16 percent of the 2011 GDP. The increase in the cost of electricity generation pushed the Jordanian economy to borrow from multiple internal and external resource channels, thus increasing the public debt. The Jordanian government’s short-term solution to the reduced natural gas supply from Egypt was alternatively purchasing the necessary quantities from some Gulf countries such as Qatar and/or Saudi Arabia, which can be imported with two possible methods. The first method is to rent a ship equipped with a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal, which is currently operating. The second method requires equipping the Aqaba port with an LNG terminal, which also currently is operating. In the long-term, a viable solution to depending on importing expensive and often unreliable natural gas supplies from surrounding countries is to depend more heavily on renewable supply energy, including solar, wind, and water energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20supply%20resources" title="energy supply resources">energy supply resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20spring" title=" Arab spring"> Arab spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefied%20natural%20gas" title=" liquefied natural gas"> liquefied natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89947/supply-chain-of-energy-resources-and-its-alternatives-due-to-the-arab-spring-the-case-of-egyptian-natural-gas-flow-to-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5966</span> The Interaction of Adjacent Defects and the Effect on the Failure Pressure of the Corroded Pipeline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Wang">W. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Zhang"> Y. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Shuai"> J. Shuai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Lv"> Z. Lv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The interaction between defects has an essential influence on the bearing capacity of pipelines. This work developed the finite element model of pipelines containing adjacent defects, which includes longitudinally aligned, circumferentially aligned, and diagonally aligned defects. The relationships between spacing and geometries of defects and the failure pressure of pipelines, and the interaction between defects are investigated. The results show that the orientation of defects is an influential factor in the failure pressure of the pipeline. The influence of defect spacing on the failure pressure of the pipeline is non-linear, and the relationship presents different trends depending on the orientation of defects. The increase of defect geometry will weaken the failure pressure of the pipeline, and for the interaction between defects, the increase of defect depth will enhance it, and the increase of defect length will weaken it. According to the research on the interaction rule between defects with different orientations, the interacting coefficients under different orientations of defects are compared. It is determined that the diagonally aligned defects with the overlap of longitudinal projections are the most obvious arrangement of interaction between defects, and the limited distance of interaction between defects is proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title="pipeline">pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjacent%20defects" title=" adjacent defects"> adjacent defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20between%20defects" title=" interaction between defects"> interaction between defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20pressure" title=" failure pressure"> failure pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155026/the-interaction-of-adjacent-defects-and-the-effect-on-the-failure-pressure-of-the-corroded-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5965</span> The Use of Geographic Information System Technologies for Geotechnical Monitoring of Pipeline Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20Akhundov">A. G. Akhundov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Issues of obtaining unbiased data on the status of pipeline systems of oil- and oil product transportation become especially important when laying and operating pipelines under severe nature and climatic conditions. The essential attention is paid here to researching exogenous processes and their impact on linear facilities of the pipeline system. Reliable operation of pipelines under severe nature and climatic conditions, timely planning and implementation of compensating measures are only possible if operation conditions of pipeline systems are regularly monitored, and changes of permafrost soil and hydrological operation conditions are accounted for. One of the main reasons for emergency situations to appear is the geodynamic factor. Emergency situations are proved by the experience to occur within areas characterized by certain conditions of the environment and to develop according to similar scenarios depending on active processes. The analysis of natural and technical systems of main pipelines at different stages of monitoring gives a possibility of making a forecast of the change dynamics. The integration of GIS technologies, traditional means of geotechnical monitoring (in-line inspection, geodetic methods, field observations), and remote methods (aero-visual inspection, aero photo shooting, air and ground laser scanning) provides the most efficient solution of the problem. The united environment of geo information system (GIS) is a comfortable way to implement the monitoring system on the main pipelines since it provides means to describe a complex natural and technical system and every element thereof with any set of parameters. Such GIS enables a comfortable simulation of main pipelines (both in 2D and 3D), the analysis of situations and selection of recommendations to prevent negative natural or man-made processes and to mitigate their consequences. The specifics of such systems include: a multi-dimensions simulation of facilities in the pipeline system, math modelling of the processes to be observed, and the use of efficient numeric algorithms and software packets for forecasting and analyzing. We see one of the most interesting possibilities of using the monitoring results as generating of up-to-date 3D models of a facility and the surrounding area on the basis of aero laser scanning, data of aerophotoshooting, and data of in-line inspection and instrument measurements. The resulting 3D model shall be the basis of the information system providing means to store and process data of geotechnical observations with references to the facilities of the main pipeline; to plan compensating measures, and to control their implementation. The use of GISs for geotechnical monitoring of pipeline systems is aimed at improving the reliability of their operation, reducing the probability of negative events (accidents and disasters), and at mitigation of consequences thereof if they still are to occur. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=databases" title="databases">databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20GIS" title=" 3D GIS"> 3D GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20monitoring" title=" geotechnical monitoring"> geotechnical monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipelines" title=" pipelines"> pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20scaning" title=" laser scaning"> laser scaning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90336/the-use-of-geographic-information-system-technologies-for-geotechnical-monitoring-of-pipeline-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5964</span> Maintaining Energy Security in Natural Gas Pipeline Operations by Empowering Process Safety Principles Through Alarm Management Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huseyin%20Sinan%20Gunesli">Huseyin Sinan Gunesli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Process Safety Management is a disciplined framework for managing the integrity of systems and processes that handle hazardous substances. It relies on good design principles, well-implemented automation systems, and operating and maintenance practices. Alarm Management Systems play a critically important role in the safe and efficient operation of modern industrial plants. In that respect, Alarm Management is one of the critical factors feeding the safe operations of the plants in the manner of applying effective process safety principles. Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) is part of the Southern Gas Corridor, which extends from the Caspian Sea to Italy. TANAP transports Natural Gas from the Shah Deniz gas field of Azerbaijan, and possibly from other neighboring countries, to Turkey and through Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) Pipeline to Europe. TANAP plays a crucial role in maintaining Energy Security for the region and Europe. In that respect, the application of Process Safety principles is vital to deliver safe, reliable and efficient Natural Gas delivery to Shippers both in the region and Europe. Effective Alarm Management is one of those Process Safety principles which feeds safe operations of the TANAP pipeline. Alarm Philosophy was designed and implemented in TANAP Pipeline according to the relevant standards. However, it is essential to manage the alarms received in the control room effectively to maintain safe operations. In that respect, TANAP has commenced Alarm Management & Rationalization program as of February 2022 after transferring to Plateau Regime, reaching the design parameters. While Alarm Rationalization started, there were more than circa 2300 alarms received per hour from one of the compressor stations. After applying alarm management principles such as reviewing and removal of bad actors, standing, stale, chattering, fleeting alarms, comprehensive review and revision of alarm set points through a change management principle, conducting alarm audits/design verification and etc., it has been achieved to reduce down to circa 40 alarms per hour. After the successful implementation of alarm management principles as specified above, the number of alarms has been reduced to industry standards. That significantly improved operator vigilance to focus on mainly important and critical alarms to avoid any excursion beyond safe operating limits leading to any potential process safety events. Following the ‟What Gets Measured, Gets Managed” principle, TANAP has identified key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to manage Process Safety principles effectively, where Alarm Management has formed one of the key parameters of those KPIs. However, review and analysis of the alarms were performed manually. Without utilizing Alarm Management Software, achieving full compliance with international standards is almost infeasible. In that respect, TANAP has started using one of the industry-wide known Alarm Management Applications to maintain full review and analysis of alarms and define actions as required. That actually significantly empowered TANAP’s process safety principles in terms of Alarm Management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20safety%20principles" title="process safety principles">process safety principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20security" title=" energy security"> energy security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20pipeline%20operations" title=" natural gas pipeline operations"> natural gas pipeline operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alarm%20rationalization" title=" alarm rationalization"> alarm rationalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alarm%20management" title=" alarm management"> alarm management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alarm%20management%20application" title=" alarm management application"> alarm management application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164904/maintaining-energy-security-in-natural-gas-pipeline-operations-by-empowering-process-safety-principles-through-alarm-management-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5963</span> Characterization the Internal Corrosion Behavior by Using Natural Inhibitor in Crude Oil of Low Carbon Steel Pipeline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Adnan%20Annon">Iman Adnan Annon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadhim%20F.%20Alsultan"> Kadhim F. Alsultan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigate the internal corrosion of low carbon steel pipelines in the crude oil, as well as prepare and use natural and locally available plant as a natural corrosion inhibiter, the nature extraction achieved by two types of solvents in order to show the solvent effect on inhibition process, the first being distilled water and the second is diethyl ether. FT-IR spectra and using a chemical reagents achieved to detection the presence of many active groups and the presence of tannins, phenols, and alkaloids in the natural extraction. Some experiments were achieved to estimate the performance of a new inhibitor, one of these tests include corrosion measurement by simple immersion in crude oil within and without inhibitors which added in different amounts 30,40,50and 60 ppm at tow temperature 300 and 323k, where the best inhibition efficiencies which get when added the inhibitors in a critical amounts or closest to it, since for the aqueous extract (EB-A) the inhibition efficiency reached (94.4) and (86.71)% at 300 and 323k respectively, and for diethyl ether extract (EB-D) reached (82.87) and (84.6)% at 300 and 323k respectively. Optical microscopy examination have been conducted to evaluate the corrosion nature where it show a clear difference in the topography of the immersed samples surface after add the inhibitors at two temperatures. The results show that the new corrosion inhibitor is not only equivalent to a chemical inhibitor but has greatly improvement properties such as: high efficiency, low cost, non-toxic, easily to produce, and nonpolluting as compared with chemical inhibitor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20in%20pipeline" title="corrosion in pipeline">corrosion in pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitors" title=" inhibitors"> inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil" title=" crude oil"> crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title=" carbon steel"> carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20solvent" title=" types of solvent"> types of solvent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143633/characterization-the-internal-corrosion-behavior-by-using-natural-inhibitor-in-crude-oil-of-low-carbon-steel-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5962</span> COVID-19 Detection from Computed Tomography Images Using UNet Segmentation, Region Extraction, and Classification Pipeline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenan%20Morani">Kenan Morani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Kaya%20Ayana"> Esra Kaya Ayana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to develop a novel pipeline for COVID-19 detection using a large and rigorously annotated database of computed tomography (CT) images. The pipeline consists of UNet-based segmentation, lung extraction, and a classification part, with the addition of optional slice removal techniques following the segmentation part. In this work, a batch normalization was added to the original UNet model to produce lighter and better localization, which is then utilized to build a full pipeline for COVID-19 diagnosis. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed pipeline, various segmentation methods were compared in terms of their performance and complexity. The proposed segmentation method with batch normalization outperformed traditional methods and other alternatives, resulting in a higher dice score on a publicly available dataset. Moreover, at the slice level, the proposed pipeline demonstrated high validation accuracy, indicating the efficiency of predicting 2D slices. At the patient level, the full approach exhibited higher validation accuracy and macro F1 score compared to other alternatives, surpassing the baseline. The classification component of the proposed pipeline utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) to make final diagnosis decisions. The COV19-CT-DB dataset, which contains a large number of CT scans with various types of slices and rigorously annotated for COVID-19 detection, was utilized for classification. The proposed pipeline outperformed many other alternatives on the dataset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20extraction" title=" lung extraction"> lung extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro%20F1%20score" title=" macro F1 score"> macro F1 score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNet%20segmentation" title=" UNet segmentation"> UNet segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169737/covid-19-detection-from-computed-tomography-images-using-unet-segmentation-region-extraction-and-classification-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5961</span> Estimation of Elastic Modulus of Soil Surrounding Buried Pipeline Using Multi-Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Mog%20Choi">Won Mog Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Kyeong%20Hong"> Seong Kyeong Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Young%20Jeong"> Seok Young Jeong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stress on the buried pipeline under pavement is significantly affected by vehicle loads and elastic modulus of the soil surrounding the pipeline. The correct elastic modulus of soil has to be applied to the finite element model to investigate the effect of the vehicle loads on the buried pipeline using finite element analysis. The purpose of this study is to establish the approach to calculating the correct elastic modulus of soil using the optimization process. The optimal elastic modulus of soil, which minimizes the difference between the strain measured from vehicle driving test at the velocity of 35km/h and the strain calculated from finite element analyses, was calculated through the optimization process using multi-response surface methodology. Three elastic moduli of soil (road layer, original soil, dense sand) surrounding the pipeline were defined as the variables for the optimization. Further analyses with the optimal elastic modulus at the velocities of 4.27km/h, 15.47km/h, 24.18km/h were performed and compared to the test results to verify the applicability of multi-response surface methodology. The results indicated that the strain of the buried pipeline was mostly affected by the elastic modulus of original soil, followed by the dense sand and the load layer, as well as the results of further analyses with optimal elastic modulus of soil show good agreement with the test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title="pipeline">pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus%20of%20soil" title=" elastic modulus of soil"> elastic modulus of soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44795/estimation-of-elastic-modulus-of-soil-surrounding-buried-pipeline-using-multi-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5960</span> Third Super-Harmonic Resonance in Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Pipeline Close to the Seabed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiming%20Jin">Yiming Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Dong"> Ping Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The third super-harmonic resonance of a pipeline close to the seabed is investigated in this paper. To analyse the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the pipeline close to the seabed, the classic Van der Pol equation is extended with a nonlinear item. Then, on the base of the multi-scale method, the frequency-response curves of the pipeline with regard to the third super-harmonic resonance are studied with a series of parameters, such as the mass ratio, frequency, damp ratio and gap ratio. On the whole, the numerical results show that the characters of third super-harmonic resonance are quite from that of primary resonance, though with the same trend that the larger is the mass ratio, the smaller impact the gap ratio has on the frequency-response curves of the third super-harmonic resonance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20third%20super-harmonic%20resonance" title="the third super-harmonic resonance">the third super-harmonic resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20ratio" title=" gap ratio"> gap ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex-induced%20vibration" title=" vortex-induced vibration"> vortex-induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20method" title=" multi-scale method"> multi-scale method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42056/third-super-harmonic-resonance-in-vortex-induced-vibration-of-a-pipeline-close-to-the-seabed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pipeline%20natural%20gas&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pipeline%20natural%20gas&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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