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nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Talambuhay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talambuhay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Talambuhay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talambuhay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Senado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikalawang_pangulo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikalawang_pangulo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ikalawang pangulo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikalawang_pangulo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilang_Pangulo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilang_Pangulo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bilang Pangulo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bilang_Pangulo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Bilang Pangulo</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bilang_Pangulo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2001-2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001-2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2001-2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001-2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004-2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2004-2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-TEAM_Unity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TEAM_Unity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>TEAM Unity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TEAM_Unity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ekonomiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_kontrobersiyang_kinasangkutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_kontrobersiyang_kinasangkutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Mga kontrobersiyang kinasangkutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_kontrobersiyang_kinasangkutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iskandalong_Jose_Pidal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iskandalong_Jose_Pidal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Iskandalong Jose Pidal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iskandalong_Jose_Pidal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iskandalong_Hello_Garci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iskandalong_Hello_Garci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Iskandalong Hello Garci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iskandalong_Hello_Garci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fertilizer_fund_scam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fertilizer_fund_scam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>Fertilizer fund scam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fertilizer_fund_scam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iskandalong_NBN-ZTE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iskandalong_NBN-ZTE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>Iskandalong NBN-ZTE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iskandalong_NBN-ZTE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagsabotahe_ng_2007_halalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagsabotahe_ng_2007_halalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.5</span> <span>Pagsabotahe ng 2007 halalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagsabotahe_ng_2007_halalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iskandalong_Le_Cirque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iskandalong_Le_Cirque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.6</span> <span>Iskandalong Le Cirque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iskandalong_Le_Cirque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iskandalong_Lotto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iskandalong_Lotto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Iskandalong Lotto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iskandalong_Lotto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kapulungan_ng_Kinatawan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kapulungan_ng_Kinatawan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kapulungan ng Kinatawan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kapulungan_ng_Kinatawan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagdakip_at_pagsasampa_ng_kasong_korupsiyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagdakip_at_pagsasampa_ng_kasong_korupsiyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pagdakip at pagsasampa ng kasong korupsiyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagdakip_at_pagsasampa_ng_kasong_korupsiyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_kawing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_panlabas_na_kawing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mga panlabas na kawing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_kawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 80 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88" title="غلوريا ماكاباغال أرويو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلوريا ماكاباغال أرويو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88" title="جلوريا ماكاباجال ارويو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جلوريا ماكاباجال ارويو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Глорыя Макапагал-Ароя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глорыя Макапагал-Ароя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глория Макапагал-Оройо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глория Макапагал-Оройо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B" title="গ্লোরিয়া মাকাপাগাল আরোইয়ো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্লোরিয়া মাকাপাগাল আরোইয়ো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%86" title="گلۆریا ئارۆیۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گلۆریا ئارۆیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyov%C3%A1" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γκλόρια Αρόγιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκλόρια Αρόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="گلوریا آرویو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلوریا آرویو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95" title="גלוריה מקפגל ארויו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלוריה מקפגל ארויו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Մարիա Մակապագալ Առոյո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարիա Մակապագալ Առոյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A8" title="グロリア・アロヨ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グロリア・アロヨ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="გლორია მაკაპაგალ-აროიო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გლორია მაკაპაგალ-აროიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глория Макапагал-Арройо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Глория Макапагал-Арройо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D-%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A" title="ಗ್ಲೋರಿಯ ಮಾಕಪಾಗಲ್-ಅರ್ರೋಯೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ಲೋರಿಯ ಮಾಕಪಾಗಲ್-ಅರ್ರೋಯೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%ED%8C%8C%EA%B0%88_%EC%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%9A%94" title="글로리아 마카파갈 아로요 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="글로리아 마카파갈 아로요" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorija_Makapagala-Arojo" title="Glorija Makapagala-Arojo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Glorija Makapagala-Arojo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Глорија Макапагал-Аројо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Глорија Макапагал-Аројо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="ग्लोरिया मॅकापगाल-अरोयो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्लोरिया मॅकापगाल-अरोयो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ဂလိုရီရာ မာဂါပါကယ် အာရိုယို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂလိုရီရာ မာဂါပါကယ် အာရိုယို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal" title="Gloria Macapagal – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gloria Macapagal" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE,_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макапагал-Арройо, Глория – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макапагал-Арройо, Глория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagalov%C3%A1-Arroyov%C3%A1" title="Gloria Macapagalová-Arroyová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gloria Macapagalová-Arroyová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Глорија Макапагал Аројо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глорија Макапагал Аројо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B" title="குளோரியா மகபகல்-அர்ரொயோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளோரியா மகபகல்-அர்ரொயோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глория Арруйо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Глория Арруйо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5-%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2" title="กลอเรีย มาคาปากัล-อาร์โรโย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลอเรีย มาคาปากัล-อาร์โรโย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Глорія Макапагал-Арройо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глорія Макапагал-Арройо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%A6" title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%A6" title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格洛丽亚·马卡帕加尔-阿罗约" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%84" title="阿羅約 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿羅約" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:President_Arroyo_(06-14-2006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg/220px-President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg/330px-President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg/440px-President_Arroyo_%2806-14-2006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Ika-25 <a href="/wiki/Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Nasa puwesto</b></span><br />Hulyo 23, 2018 – Hunyo 30, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Pangulo</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nakaraang sinundan</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Pantaleon Alvarez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Sinundan ni</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Ika-14 na <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a><br /><i>Ika-apat na Pangulo ng Ikalimang Republika</i><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Nasa puwesto</b></span><br />Enero 20, 2001 – Hunyo 30, 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Pangalwang Pangulo</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona" class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona">Teofisto Guingona</a> (2001–2004)<br /><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> (2004–2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nakaraang sinundan</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Sinundan ni</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Ika-10 <a href="/wiki/Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a><br /><i>Ikatlong Pangalawang Pangulo ng Ikalimang Republika</i><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Nasa puwesto</b></span><br />Hunyo 30, 1998 – Enero 20, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Pangulo</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nakaraang sinundan</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Sinundan ni</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona" class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona">Teofisto Guingona</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas</a> mula sa <a href="/wiki/Distritong_pambatas_ng_Pampanga" title="Distritong pambatas ng Pampanga">Ikalawang Distrito</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Nasa puwesto</b></span><br />Hunyo 30, 2010 – Hunyo 30, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nakaraang sinundan</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikey_Arroyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikey Arroyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mikey Arroyo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Sinundan ni</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mikey Arroyo</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal na detalye</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Isinilang</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1947-04-05</span>) </span>5 Abril 1947<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (edad <span class="currentage"></span>77)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_San_Juan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng San Juan">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal" title="Rizal">Rizal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partidong pampolitika</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas Kampi CMD/Lakas–CMD</a> (2008–2017; 2020–present)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ibang ugnayang<br />pampolitika</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a> (2017–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakas–CMD (1991) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lakas–NUCD/Lakas–NUCD–UMDP/Lakas–CMD</a> (1998–2008)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kabalikat_ng_Malayang_Pilipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino">KAMPI</a> (1997–2008)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a> (1992–1998)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Asawa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Miguel_Arroyo" title="Jose Miguel Arroyo">Jose Miguel Arroyo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trabaho</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ekonomista" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekonomista">Ekonomista</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pirma</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Arroyo_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pirma ni Gloria Macapagal Arroyo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arroyo_Signature.svg/128px-Arroyo_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arroyo_Signature.svg/192px-Arroyo_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arroyo_Signature.svg/256px-Arroyo_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Si <b>Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo</b> (ipinanganak 5 Abril 1947), madalas na tinutukoy ng kanyang mga inisyal na <b>GMA</b>, ay Pilipinong akademiko at politiko na naglingkod bilang ika-14 na <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">pangulo ng Pilipinas</a> mula 2001 hanggang 2010. Siya ang ikalawang babaeng pangulo ng bansa, at anak ng dating pangulong si <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a>. </p><p>Isang propesor ng ekonomiks, si Arroyo ay pumasok sa pamahalaan noong 1987, na naglingkod bilang pangalawang kalihim at ilalim-kalihim (<i>undersecretary</i>) ng <a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Kalakalan_at_Industriya_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Kalakalan at Industriya (Pilipinas)">Kagawaran ng Kalakalan at Industriya</a> sa pag-talaga sa kanya ni Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a>. Pagkatapos maglingkod bilang senador mula 1992 hanggang 1998, siya ay nahalal na <a href="/wiki/Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangalawang Pangulo</a> sa ilalim ni Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> kahit na ito ay tumakbo sa kalabang partido. Pagkatapos maakusahan si Estrada ng korupsiyon, nagbitiw siya sa posisyon niya bilang gabinete bilang kalihim ng <a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Kagalingang_Panlipunan_at_Pagpapaunlad_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Kagalingang Panlipunan at Pagpapaunlad (Pilipinas)">Kagawaran ng Kagalingang Panlipunan at Pagpapaunlad</a> at sumali sa lumalaking bilang ng mga oposisyon sa Pangulo, na humarap sa paglilitis. Si Estrada ay napaalis sa pwesto sa pamamagitan ng tinatawag ng mga tagapagtaguyod nito bilang mga mapayapang demonstrasyon sa lansangan ng <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">EDSA</a>, ngunit binansagan namang ng mga kritiko nito bilang pagsasabwatan ng mga elitista sa larangan ng politika, negosyo, militar at ni Obispo <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Kardinal_Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaime Kardinal Sin">Jaime Kardinal Sin</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko">Simbahang Katoliko</a> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Si Arroyo ay pinanumpa bilang Pangulo ng noon ay Punong Mahistrado na si <a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Hilario Davide, Jr.">Hilario Davide, Jr.</a> noong 20 Enero 2001 sa gitna ng lipon ng mga tao ng <a href="/wiki/EDSA_II" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSA II">EDSA II</a>, ilang oras bago nilisan ni Estrada ang <a href="/wiki/Palasyo_ng_Malakanyang" title="Palasyo ng Malakanyang">Palasyo ng Malakanyang</a>. Siya ay nahalal upang maupo bilang pangulo sa loob ng anim na taon noong kontrobersiyal na eleksiyon ng Pilipinas noong Mayo 2004, at nanumpa noon 30 Hunyo 2004. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Talambuhay">Talambuhay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Talambuhay" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Talambuhay"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isinilang siya bilang <b>Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal</b> sa amang politikong si <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> at sa asawa nitong si <a href="/wiki/Eva_Macapagal" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Macapagal">Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal</a>. Kapatid siya nina Dr. Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal, Jr at Cielo Macapagal-Salgado. Una siyang nanirahan sa <a href="/wiki/Lubao,_Pampanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubao, Pampanga">Lubao, Pampanga</a> kasama ang kanyang dalawang nakatatandang kapatid mula sa unang asawa ng kanyang ama.<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa gulang na apat, pinili niyang manirahan sa lola niya sa kanyang nanay sa <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Iligan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Iligan">Lungsod ng Iligan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanatili siya doon ng tatlong taon, at hinati ang kanyang panahon sa <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> at <a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a> hanggang siya ay maging 11 gulang.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matatas siyang manalita ng Ingles, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a> at iba pang wikang Pilipino, gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kapampangan" title="Wikang Kapampangan">Kapampangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ilokano" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Ilokano">Ilokano</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Cebuano" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Cebuano">Sebwano</a>. </p><p>Noong 1961, nang si Arroyo ay 14 taon gulang, nahalal ang ama niya bilang pangulo ng Pilipinas. Lumipat ang kanilang pamilya sa <a href="/wiki/Palasyo_ng_Malaca%C3%B1ang" class="mw-redirect" title="Palasyo ng Malacañang">Palasyo ng Malacañang</a>. Isang bayan ang isinunod sa kanyang pangalan, ang <a href="/wiki/Gloria,_Oriental_Mindoro" title="Gloria, Oriental Mindoro">Gloria, Oriental Mindoro</a>. Nag-aral siya sa <a href="/wiki/Dalubhasaang_Asuncion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalubhasaang Asuncion">Dalubhasaang Asuncion</a> para sa kanyang mababa at mataas na pag-aaral, at nakapagtapos ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valedictorian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valedictorian (hindi pa naisusulat)">valedictorian</a> noong 1964. Nag-aral siya pagkatapos noon sa <i>Walsh School of Foreign Service</i> ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamantasan_Georgetown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamantasan Georgetown (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pamantasan Georgetown</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> kung saan naging kamag-aral niya ang magiging pangulo ng Estados Unidos na si <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natamo niya ang kanyang antas sa Batsilyer sa Sining ng Ekonomiks mula sa Dalubhasaang Asuncion, at nakapagtapos bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magna_cum_laude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magna cum laude (hindi pa naisusulat)">magna cum laude</a> noong 1968. </p><p>Noong 1968, kinasal si Arroyo sa abogado at negosyanteng si <a href="/wiki/Jose_Miguel_Arroyo" title="Jose Miguel Arroyo">Jose Miguel Arroyo</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Binalbagan,_Negros_Occidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Binalbagan, Negros Occidental">Binalbagan, Negros Occidental</a>, na nakilala niya noong siya ay dalagita pa.<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nagkaroon sila ng tatlong anak, sina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikey_Arroyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikey Arroyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Juan Miguel</a> (ipinanganak 1969), Evangelina Lourdes (ipinanganak 1971) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diosdado_Macapagal-Arroyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diosdado Macapagal-Arroyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Diosdado Ignacio Jose María</a> (ipinanganak 1974). Ipinagpatuloy niya ang pag-aaral at nakuha ang Master sa Antas ng Ekonomiks sa <a href="/wiki/Pamantasang_Ateneo_de_Manila" title="Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila">Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila</a> (1978) at Antas Doktoral sa Ekonomiks mula sa <a href="/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unibersidad ng Pilipinas">Unibersidad ng Pilipinas</a> sa Diliman noong 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mula 1977 hanggang 1987, nagturo siya sa ilang mga paaralan, kabilang na ang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas at sa Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila. Naging tagapangulo rin siya ng Kagawaran ng Ekonomiks ng Dalubhasaang Asuncion. </p><p>Noong 1987, inanyayahan siya ni Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> na sumali sa pamahalaan bilang <i>Assistant Secretary</i> ng <a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Kalakalan_at_Industriya_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Kalakalan at Industriya (Pilipinas)">Kagawaran ng Kalakalan at Industriya</a>. Itinaas ang kanyang posisyon bilang <i>Undersecretary</i> dalawang taon makalipas. Bilang kasabay na Tagapamahala ng <i>Garments and Textile Export Board</i>, napalawig ni Arroyo ang industriya ng pananamit noong huling bahagi ng dekada 80. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senado">Senado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Senado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Senado"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Arroyo ay tumakbo sa halalan ng Senado noong 1992 at nagwagi para sa 3 taong termino. Ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Saligang Batas ng 1987">Saligang Batas ng 1987</a>, ang una lamang 12 kandidatong may pinakamataas na boto ang magsisilbi para sa 6 na taong termino ngunit si Arroyo ang ika-13 kandidatong may pinakamataas na boto. Si Arroyo ay muling tumakbo sa senado noong 1995 at nakakuha ng pinakamataas na boto na halos 16 milyong boto.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bilang mambabatas, naghain si Arroyo ng 400 mga saligang batas at naging may-akda o tumulong sa pagtaguyod ng 55 mga batas noong kanyang panunungkulan niya bilang senador, kabilang na ang <i>Anti-Sexual Harassment Law</i>, <i>Indigenous People's Rights Law</i>, at ang <i>Export Development Act</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBIY_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang <i>1995 Mining Act</i>, na nagpapahintulot ng 100 % pag-aari ng mga banyaga sa mga kumpanyan ng pagmimina sa Pilipinas, ay binatikos ng mga grupong makakaliwa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikalawang_pangulo">Ikalawang pangulo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ikalawang pangulo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ikalawang pangulo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naisipan ni Arroyo na tumakbo sa halalan ng pagkapangulo noong 1998 ngunit nahikayat siya ni dating Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a> at iba pang mga pinuno ng partidong <a href="/wiki/Lakas-CMD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-CMD">Lakas-CMD</a> na tumakbo na lamang bilang ikalawang pangulo o bise presidente bilang <i>running mate</i> ni <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia,_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia, Jr.">Jose de Venecia, Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Si de Venecia ay natalo kay <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> bilang pangulo ngunit si Arroyo ay nagwaging pangalawang pangulo na may higit sa dalawang ulit na nakuhang boto ng <i>running mate</i> ni Estrada na si Senador <a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-presproj_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presproj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nagsimula ang kanyang termino bilang Ikalawang Pangulo noong 30 Hunyo 1998. Siya ang kauna-unahang babaeng Ikalawang Pangulo sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Itinilaga siya ni Estrada sa gabinete bilang Kalihim ng <a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Kagalingang_Panlipunan_at_Pagpapaunlad_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Kagalingang Panlipunan at Pagpapaunlad (Pilipinas)">Kagawaran ng Kagalingang Panlipunan at Pagpapaunlad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Malaya_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaya-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nagbitiw si Arroyo sa gabinete noong Oktubre 2000, umang lumayo kay Pangulong Estrada, na inakusahan ng korupsiyon ng dati nitong kaalyadong si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavit_Singson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chavit Singson (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chavit Singson</a>, ang Gobernador ng lalawigan ng Ilocos Sur.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inisyal siyang tumanggi sa mga kaalyado na magsalita laban kay Estrada,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subalit lumaon ay sumama sa panawagang magbitiw si Estrada.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilang_Pangulo">Bilang Pangulo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Bilang Pangulo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bilang Pangulo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001-2004">2001-2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: 2001-2004" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: 2001-2004"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong 20 Enero 2001, pagkatapos ng ilang araw ng kaguluhang pampolitika at mga malawakang pagpoprotestang tumatawag sa pagbibitiw ni Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> dahil sa mga akusasyon ng <a href="/wiki/Korupsiyon" title="Korupsiyon">korupsiyon</a>, inihayag ng Kataastaasang Hukuman na bakante na ang posisyon ng pagkapangulo. Noong kinahapunan din nang araw na iyon, ay nanumpa si Arroyo bilang Pangulo ng Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punong_Hukom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punong Hukom (hindi pa naisusulat)">Punong Hukom</a> na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hillario_Davide_,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hillario Davide , Jr. (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hillario Davide , Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-sc_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Matapos ang ilang linggo, nagsampa ng kaso si Estrada na naghahamon ng batayang legal hinggil sa pagkapangulo ni Arroyo at pinipilit na siya ang nananatiling pangulo ayon sa batas, ngunit dinagdag niya na hindi niya kukunin muli ang kanyang posisyon.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Noong 2 Marso 2001, ang <a href="/wiki/Kataas-taasang_Hukuman_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas">Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas</a> ay nagpalabas ng desisyon na nagsasabing si Estrada ay nagbitiw sa pagkapangulo at iniwan niya ang kanyang pwesto.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004-2010">2004-2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: 2004-2010" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: 2004-2010"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Iskandalong_Hello_Garci" title="Iskandalong Hello Garci">Iskandalong Hello Garci</a></div> <p>Si Arroyo ay tumakbo at nagwagi sa halalan ng pagka-Pangulo noong 2004 ngunit ang halalang ito ay sinasabing nabahiran ng pandaraya sa panig ni Arroyo batay sa wiretapped recording ng usapan sa telepono sa pagitan nina Arroyo at opisyal ng COMELEC na si Garcillano noong canvassing ng 2004 halalan sa pagkapangulo. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; text-align:right; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"> <caption><span style="float:left; align:left; font-size: 75%;" class="editlink noprint plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Philippine_presidential_election,_2004&action=edit">e</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Philippine_presidential_election,_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Philippine presidential election, 2004 (hindi pa naisusulat)">d</a></span> <b>Resulta ng 2004 halalan ng pagkapangulo</b> <b></b> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE" align="center"> <th rowspan="2" style="width: 15em">Kandidato </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Partido </th> <th style="width: 14em" colspan="2">Resulta </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE" align="center"> <th style="width: 9em">Mga botong nakuha </th> <th style="width: 5em">% </th></tr> <tr style="background: #FFFFCC; font-weight:bold;"> <td align="left">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo </td> <td style="width: 5px; background-color: #B0E0E6;" data-sort-value="Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats"> </td> <td style="text-align: left;" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lakas-Christian_Muslim_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats">Lakas</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koalisyon_ng_Katapatan_at_Karanasan_sa_Kinabukasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (hindi pa naisusulat)">K-4</a>) </td> <td>12,905,808 </td> <td>39.99% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Poe, Jr.">Fernando Poe, Jr.</a> </td> <td style="width: 5px; background-color: #ffa500;" data-sort-value="Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino"> </td> <td style="text-align: left;" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Koalisyon_ng_Nagkakaisang_Pilipino" title="Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino">KNP</a> </td> <td>11,782,232 </td> <td>36.51% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a> </td> <td style="width: 5px; background-color: #0000CD;" data-sort-value="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino"> </td> <td style="text-align: left;" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a> (Aquino wing) </td> <td>3,510,080 </td> <td>10.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a> </td> <td style="width: 5px; background-color: #9683EC;" data-sort-value="Aksiyon Demokratiko"> </td> <td style="text-align: left;" scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksiyon_Demokratiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksiyon Demokratiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aksyon</a> </td> <td>2,082,762 </td> <td>6.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Villanueva" title="Eddie Villanueva">Eddie Villanueva</a> </td> <td style="width: 5px; background-color: #9ACD32;" data-sort-value="Bangon Pilipinas Party"> </td> <td style="text-align: left;" scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangon_Pilipinas_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangon Pilipinas Party (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bangon</a> </td> <td>1,988,218 </td> <td>6.16% </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <td colspan="3" align="right">Kabuuang balidong boto</td> <td>32,269,100</td> <td>96.30% </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <td colspan="3" align="right">Kabuuang hindi balidong boto</td> <td>1,240,992</td> <td>3.70% </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE" style="font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="3" align="right">Kabuuang turnout</td> <td>33,510,092</td> <td>76.34% </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE" style="font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="3" align="right">Mga rehistradong botante</td> <td>43.895,324</td> <td>100.00% <p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TEAM_Unity">TEAM Unity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: TEAM Unity" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: TEAM Unity"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <b>Together Everyone Achieves More (TEAM) Unity</b> ay ang pangkalahatang koalisyon ng mga <a href="/wiki/Partidong_pampolitika" title="Partidong pampolitika">partidong pampolitika</a> na nagsusuporta kay <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulong</a> <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangkalahatang_halalan_sa_Pilipinas_taong_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas taong 2007 (hindi pa naisusulat)">pangkalahatang halalan ng 2007</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a>. </p><p>Mga partidong pampolitikang kasapi </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakas-Christian_Muslim_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats">Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats</a> (Lakas-CMD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalikat_ng_Malayang_Pilipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino">Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino</a> (KAMPI)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationalist People's Coalition (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nationalist People's Coalition</a> (NPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino</a> (LDP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Demokratiko_Sosyalista_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas</a> (PDSP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coalition_of_Administrative_Political_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coalition of Administrative Political Party (hindi pa naisusulat)">Coalition of Administrative Political Party</a> (CAPP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomiya">Ekonomiya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ekonomiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dahil sa pagkakaroon ng Master degree at doktoral sa ekonomiks, itinuon ni Arroyo ang kanyang pagkapangulo sa <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas">Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas</a>. Sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Arroyo mula 2001 hanggang 2010, ang pangkaraniwang paglago ng <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> ng Pilipinas ay 4.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ito ay higit na mataas kung ihahambing sa pamumuno ng kanyang mga kahalinhinan, <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (3.8%), <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a> (3.7%), at kay <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> (3.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lumago ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas sa pinakamabilis nitong antas sa loob ng nakaraang tatlong dekada noong 2007, na may pagtaas ng <i>real GDP</i> na 7%.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isa ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas ang nakaiwas sa epekto ng pandaigdigang krisis pinansiyal ng 2008, na higit na mabuti kaysa sa mga karatig bansa nito dahil sa sa mababang pagtuon sa mga kalakal na iniluluwas at mataas na padala ng mga OFW na mula sa apat hanggang limang milyon, at ang papaunlad na industriya ng BPO.<sup id="cite_ref-ciaf_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaf-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang paghawak ni Arroyo sa ekonomiya ng Pilipinas ay umani ng papuri mula kay dating Pangulo ng Estados Unidos <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, na sinabing ang mga "mahihirap na desisyon" ang nagpabalik sigla sa ekonomiya ng Pilipinas.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa kabila ng paglago, nanatili ang kahirapan dahil sa mataas na antas ng paglaki ng populasyon at hindi pantay-pantay na pagbabahagi ng kita sa mamamayan.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noong 2004, ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas ay lumago ng 6.1%, na nalampasan ang estima ng pamahalaan. Noong 2005, ang Pisong Pilipino ay nag-appreciate ng 6% ang pinakamabilis sa rehiyon ng Asya. Ngunit, ang pana-panahong pagtaas ng halaga ng langis ay nagpapabagsak ng estima ng pamahalaan kada taon. Noong 2006, ang ekonomiya ay nagpakita ng 5.4% na pag-unlad, ngunit ang mga bagyong dumaan ang nagpabagsak sa sektor ng ekonomiya. Noong <a href="/wiki/Pebrero" title="Pebrero">Pebrero</a> 2007, nagtala ang merkado ng saping-puhunan ng pinakamataas na puntos sa kasaysayan at nasa 33 kada isang <a href="/wiki/Dolyar_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Dolyar ng Estados Unidos">Dolyar</a> ang <a href="/wiki/Piso" title="Piso">Piso</a>. Pagkatapos ng pagbagal ng paglago sa 3.8% noong 2008 at 1.1% noong 2009, ang real taon-sa-taong paglago ng GDP ay umahon sa 7.6% noong 2010. Ang paglago ay bumagal noong 2011 sa 3.7 % . Ang mga <a href="/wiki/Remittance" class="mw-redirect" title="Remittance">remittance</a> ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=OFW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OFW (hindi pa naisusulat)">OFW</a> ay nasa rate na taunang paglagong 8% at patuloy na bumubuo ng mga 10% ng GDP. ANg taunang paglago ng GDP ay may averaheng 4.6% sa loob ng nakaraang dekada ngunit nangangailangan ng isang mas mataas na pinanatiling landas ng paglago sa ekonomiya na hindi bababa sa 7%-8% kada sa karamihan ng mga pagtatantiya upang makasulong sa pagpapagaan ng kahirapan sa taunang paglago ng populasyon ng Pilipinas na isa sa may pinakamataas na populasyon sa Asya. Ang bahagi ng populasyon na mahirap ay tumaas mula 24.9% hanggang 26.5% sa pagitan ng 2003 at 2009 na katumbas ng karagdagang 3.3 milyong mga mahihirap na Pilipino.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_kontrobersiyang_kinasangkutan">Mga kontrobersiyang kinasangkutan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga kontrobersiyang kinasangkutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Mga kontrobersiyang kinasangkutan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iskandalong_Jose_Pidal">Iskandalong Jose Pidal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Iskandalong Jose Pidal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Iskandalong Jose Pidal"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inakusahan ni Senador Panfilo Lacson noong 2003 ang asawa ni Arroyo na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Arroyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Arroyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mike Arroyo</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" class="mw-redirect" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> ng mga 260 milyong piso gamit ang mga bank account sa ilalim ng pangalang Jose Pidal na sinasabing mula sa mga kontribusyon sa pangangampanya ni Gloria . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iskandalong_Hello_Garci">Iskandalong Hello Garci</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Iskandalong Hello Garci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Iskandalong Hello Garci"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Iskandalong_Hello_Garci" title="Iskandalong Hello Garci">Iskandalong Hello Garci</a></div> <p>Si Arroyo ay inakusahan ng pandaraya ng 2004 halalan para sa pagka-Pangulo. Ayon sa dating diputadong direktor ng NBI na si Samuel Ong, ang isang wiretapped recording ng usapan sa pagitan ni Arroyo at opisyal ng COMELEC na si Virgilio Garcillano o Garci ay nagpapatunay ng pandaraya ni Arroyo upang manalo ng 1 milyong boto laban sa kandidatong si <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe" class="mw-disambig" title="Fernando Poe">Fernando Poe</a>. Noong 27 Hunyo 2005, inamin ni Arroyo na nakipag-usap siya sa opisyal ng COMELEC na inaangkin itong isang "pagkabigo sa paghatol". Ang kontrobersiyang Hello Garci ang naging saligan ng kasong <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> na inihain laban kay Arroyo noong 2005 ngunit nabigo. Ang isa pang impeachment ay inihain laban kay Arroyo noong 2006 ngunit natalo sa pagboto sa <a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fertilizer_fund_scam">Fertilizer fund scam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Fertilizer fund scam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Fertilizer fund scam"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer_Fund_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilizer Fund scam">Fertilizer Fund scam</a></div> <p>Sinasabing ang pondo ng Department of Agriculture (DA) na P728 milyong piso na inilaan para sa pagbili ng mga fertilizer para sa mga magsasaka ay ginamit para sa pangangampanya ni Arroyo sa kanyang muling pagtakbo sa pagkapangulo noong 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iskandalong_NBN-ZTE">Iskandalong NBN-ZTE</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Iskandalong NBN-ZTE" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Iskandalong NBN-ZTE"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Iskandalong_NBN-ZTE" title="Iskandalong NBN-ZTE">Iskandalong NBN-ZTE</a></div> <p>Si Arroyo ay inakusahan ng pag-abuso sa kapangyarihan sa pagtulak ng pagpapatibay ng iminungkahing kontrata ng Tsinong ZTE Corp upang itayo ang proyektong National Broadband Network sa Pilipinas sa sobrang taas na presyong $329 milyong dolyar o 13 bilyong piso. Ang kontrata ay nilagdaan ni Transportation and Communications Secretary Leandro Mendoza at ZTE vice president Yu Yong noong 21 Abril 2007, sa Boao, China na nasaksikhan mismo ni Arroyo. Ang proyektong ito ay isang pambansang network ng komunikasyon para sa mga pasilidad na landline, cellular at broadband internet para sa paggamit ng mga ahensiya ng pamahalaan. Ang deal sa ZTE Corp ay sinasabing nangyari nang walang public bidding.Si COMELEC Chairman Benjamin Abalos, Sr. ay inakusahan ng pagtanggap ng salapi at mga babae kapalit ng pag-aproba ng kasunduan sa ZTE Corp. Si Jose “Joey” de Venecia III na namumuno sa Amsterdam Holdings, Inc. na isa sa natalong bidder sa kasunduang NBN at anak ni dating Ispiker na si <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia,_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia, Jr.">Jose de Venecia, Jr.</a> ay nagpatotoo na kasama niya si Abalos sa Tsina at narinig niyang si Abalos ay "humingi ng pera" mula sa mga opisyal ng ZTE. Si Joey de Venecia III ay nagpatotoo rin na ang asawa ni Gloria na si Mike Arroyo ang misteryong tao na nagtulak para pagtibayin ang labis na mataas na presyong kontrata sa ZTE. Isinaad ni De Venecia na ang kontrata na $329 milyong dolar sa ZTE ay sobrang mataas na presyo ng mga $130 milyong dolar pagkatapos na humingi si Abalos ng mga iba't ibang <a href="/wiki/Kickback" title="Kickback">kickback</a> at mga advance para sa proyekto. Isinaad rin ni De Venecia na binalaan ni Abalos na ipapapatay siya ni Abalos kung hindi siya umurong sa proyekto. Isinaad rin ni Joey de Venecia III na nangako si Abalos kay Mike Arroyo ng 70 milyong dolyar na kickback mula sa proyektong NBN. Ang dating direktor heneral ng <a href="/wiki/NEDA" class="mw-redirect" title="NEDA">NEDA</a> na si Romulo Neri ay nagpatotoo sa Senate hearing na inalukan siya ni Abalos ng 200 milyong piso upang aprubahan ang proyekto. Sinabi rin ni De Venecia na tinanong ni Gloria si Neri kung bakit hindi niya tinanggap ang <a href="/wiki/Suhol" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhol">suhol</a> na 200 milyong piso ni Abalos upang iendorso ang proyektong NBN sa ZTE Corp, Ayon sa pagsisiyasat ng mga opsiyal na dokumentong isinumite sa Senate blue ribbon committee, ang proyektong NBN-ZTE ay sobrang taas ang presyo ng halos 8 bilyong piso (US $197 milyon). Isinaad ng mga eksperto na ang presyo ng ZTE na $329 milyong dolyar o 13 bilyong piso ay magkakahalaga lamang ng 132 milyong dolyar kung ihahambing sa mga kompanyang gaya ng PLDT, Smart Communications, Globe Telecoms o Digitel. Noong 4 Pebrero 2008, bumoto ang <a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas</a> na patalsikin bilang Isipiker si Jose de Venecia Jr. na sinasabing kabayaran para sa pagdawit ng kanyang anak kay Mike Arroyo sa iskandalong NBN-ZTE. Inakusahan ng whistleblower na si <a href="/wiki/Jun_Lozada" title="Jun Lozada">Jun Lozada</a> si Mike Arroyo na mastermind sa kasunduan sa ZTE Corp para sa proyektong NBN. Pinatotohanan ni Lozada na si Abalos ay humingi ng mga kickback para sa kontrata sa ZTE Corp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pagsabotahe_ng_2007_halalan">Pagsabotahe ng 2007 halalan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagsabotahe ng 2007 halalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Pagsabotahe ng 2007 halalan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong 2007 halalan, sinasabing inutos ni Arroyo kay gobernador <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan,_Sr." title="Andal Ampatuan, Sr.">Andal Ampatuan, Sr.</a> na masegurong ang tatlong kandidato ng oposisyon na sina <a href="/wiki/Benigno_S._Aquino_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno S. Aquino III">Benigno S. Aquino III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a> ay makakuha ng sero boto sa <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a>. Ito ang tanging probinsiya sa Pilipinas na nagbigay ng 12-0 pagkapanalo sa Team Unity ni Arroyo. Inamin ni <a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Ampatuan" title="Zaldy Ampatuan">Zaldy Ampatuan</a> na gobernador ng <a href="/wiki/ARMM" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMM">ARMM</a> na inutos ni Arroyo na ilipat ang boto ng 3 kandidato ng oposisyon kay <a href="/wiki/Juan_Miguel_Zubiri" title="Juan Miguel Zubiri">Juan Miguel Zubiri</a> na nagbitiw bilang senador noong 3 Agosto 2011. Inamin rin ni Ampatuan na ang kanyang ama ay tumanggap ng <a href="/wiki/Suhol" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhol">suhol</a> mula kay Mike Arroyo noong 2007 halalan. Noong 2011, ang dating supervisor ng halalan sa Maguindanao noong 2007 na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lintang_Bedol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lintang Bedol (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lintang Bedol</a> ay umamin sa nangyaring pandaraya noong 2007 halalan. Ayon kay Bedol, ang mga pekeng balota at mga election return ay dinala mula sa Maynila at ang dating COMELEC chair na si Benjamin Abalos at mga Comelec commissioner Nicodemo Ferrer at Rene Sarmiento ay nagpunta sa <a href="/wiki/General_Santos_City" class="mw-redirect" title="General Santos City">General Santos City</a> upang i-authenticate ang mga pekeng election return para sa mga iba't ibang bayan sa Maguindano. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iskandalong_Le_Cirque">Iskandalong Le Cirque</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Iskandalong Le Cirque" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Iskandalong Le Cirque"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iniulat ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Post (hindi pa naisusulat)">New York Post</a> noong 2009 na si Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ay gumastos ng $20,000 sa Le Cirque para sa isang hapunan kasama ng kanyang delegasyon habang dumadalaw sa Estados Unidos.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Si Arroyo ay iniulat na nag-order ng mga mamahaling wine, steak at lobster. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iskandalong_Lotto">Iskandalong Lotto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Iskandalong Lotto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Iskandalong Lotto"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Arroyo ay inakusahan ng paglipat ng mga pondo ng pambansang lotto na nagkakahalagang 366 milyon para sa pansariling paggamit.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kapulungan_ng_Kinatawan">Kapulungan ng Kinatawan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kapulungan ng Kinatawan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kapulungan ng Kinatawan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Arroyo ay tumakbo at nahalal ng tatlong beses (2010, 2013 at 2016) bilang <a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">kinatawan</a> ng ikalawang distrito ng Pampanga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pagdakip_at_pagsasampa_ng_kasong_korupsiyon">Pagdakip at pagsasampa ng kasong korupsiyon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagdakip at pagsasampa ng kasong korupsiyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Pagdakip at pagsasampa ng kasong korupsiyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Arroyo ay dinakip sa St. Luke's Medical Center sa Taguig noong 18 Nobyembre 2011 pagkatapos sampahan ng kaso para sa pagsabotahe ng halalan noong 2007 ng COMELEC. </p><p>Si Arroyo ay inilipat sa Veterans Memorial Medical Center sa Quezon City noong 9 Disyembre 2011. Si Arroyo ay pinalaya pagpagkatapos magpiyansa noong 25 Hulyo 2012. Si Arroyo ay muling dinakip pagkatapos sampahan ng kasong <a href="/wiki/Pandarambong" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandarambong">pandarambong</a> ng 366 milyong pisong pondo ng pambansang lotto upang pondohan ang kanyang pangangampanya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCepeda,_M.2020" class="citation web cs1">Cepeda, M. (Marso 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/253909-arroyo-de-venecia-reunite-lakas-cmd-vow-win-members-back">"Arroyo, De Venecia reunite as Lakas-CMD vow to 'win' members back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Mayo 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arroyo%2C+De+Venecia+reunite+as+Lakas-CMD+vow+to+%27win%27+members+back&rft.pub=Rappler&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft.au=Cepeda%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F253909-arroyo-de-venecia-reunite-lakas-cmd-vow-win-members-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRosario2017" class="citation news cs1">Rosario, Ben (Oktubre 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011181435/https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/10/11/gloria-joins-ruling-pdp-laban/">"Gloria joins ruling PDP Laban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a></i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/10/11/gloria-joins-ruling-pdp-laban/">orihinal</a> noong Oktubre 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Oktubre 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Gloria+joins+ruling+PDP+Laban&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft.aulast=Rosario&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mb.com.ph%2F2017%2F10%2F11%2Fgloria-joins-ruling-pdp-laban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowring, Philip. "Filipino Democracy Needs Stronger Institutions." International Herald Tribune website. 2001, Enero 22. Retrieved 14 Pebrero 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026033050/http://www.iht.com/articles/2001/01/22/edbow.t_3.php">https://web.archive.org/web/20051026033050/http://www.iht.com/articles/2001/01/22/edbow.t_3.php</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBIY-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CBIY_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CBIY_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CBIY_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070418022434/http://www.hwwilson.com/print/cbintl_arroyo_biography.htm">"Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo"</a>. <i>Current Biography International Yearbook 2004</i>. The H. W. Wilson Company. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hwwilson.com/print/cbintl_arroyo_biography.htm">orihinal</a> noong 2007-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">4 Hunyo</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Current+Biography+International+Yearbook+2004&rft.atitle=Gloria+Macapagal-Arroyo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hwwilson.com%2Fprint%2Fcbintl_arroyo_biography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Time_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Time_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSpaeth2001" class="citation news cs1">Spaeth, Anthony (29 Enero 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/pacific/magazine/20010129/cover2.html">"Glory, Gloria!"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010605173216/http://www.time.com/time/pacific/magazine/20010129/cover2.html">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2001-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">4 Hunyo</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Glory%2C+Gloria%21&rft.date=2001-01-29&rft.aulast=Spaeth&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fpacific%2Fmagazine%2F20010129%2Fcover2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/11/1YDI.html">"Gloria Arroyo, The Most Powerful Women"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 1 Nobyembre 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">4 Hunyo</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Gloria+Arroyo%2C+The+Most+Powerful+Women&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2F2005%2F11%2F1YDI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070524214413/http://www.op.gov.ph/biography.asp">"President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Biography"</a>. Office of the President. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.op.gov.ph/biography.asp">orihinal</a> noong 2007-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">4 Hunyo</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Gloria+Macapagal-Arroyo+Biography&rft.pub=Office+of+the+President&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.op.gov.ph%2Fbiography.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/a18.asp">"Article 18: Transitory Provisions"</a>. <i>The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines</i>. The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070527091924/http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/a18.asp">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2007-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">5 Hunyo</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+1987+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=Article+18%3A+Transitory+Provisions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ph%2Faboutphil%2Fa18.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malaya-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Malaya_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Malaya_9-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMalayaJonathan_E._Malaya2004" class="citation book cs1">Malaya, J. Eduardo; Jonathan E. Malaya (2004). <i>...So Help Us God: The Presidents of the Philippines and Their Inaugural Addresses</i>. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing. pp. 301–303. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/971-27-1487-X" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/971-27-1487-X"><bdi>971-27-1487-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=...So+Help+Us+God%3A+The+Presidents+of+the+Philippines+and+Their+Inaugural+Addresses&rft.place=Pasig+City&rft.pages=301-303&rft.pub=Anvil+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=971-27-1487-X&rft.aulast=Malaya&rft.aufirst=J.+Eduardo&rft.au=Jonathan+E.+Malaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-presproj-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-presproj_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041205193215/http://www.pangulo.ph/election_results.php">"Results of the Past Presidential & Vice-Presidential Elections"</a>. The Philippine Presidency Project. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pangulo.ph/election_results.php">orihinal</a> noong 2004-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">4 Hunyo</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+the+Past+Presidential+%26+Vice-Presidential+Elections&rft.pub=The+Philippine+Presidency+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pangulo.ph%2Felection_results.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sc_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sc_11-1">11.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sc_11-2">11.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sc_11-3">11.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Estrada v. Arroyo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041231172731/http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2001/mar2001/146710_15.htm">G.R. No. 146710-15.</a> (2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMydans2000" class="citation news cs1">Mydans, Seth (13 Oktubre 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/13/world/philippine-vice-president-quits-cabinet-citing-scandal.html">"Philippine Vice President Quits Cabinet, Citing Scandal"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">3 Mayo</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Philippine+Vice+President+Quits+Cabinet%2C+Citing+Scandal&rft.date=2000-10-13&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F10%2F13%2Fworld%2Fphilippine-vice-president-quits-cabinet-citing-scandal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E0D91F3EF934A35751C0A9679C8B63&scp=2&sq=arroyo&st=nyt">New York Times - Ex-President in Philippines Sues to Reclaim at Least His Dignity</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/211655/economy/ing-phl-economy-may-average-5-3-from-2010-2016">http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/211655/economy/ing-phl-economy-may-average-5-3-from-2010-2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=antonioAbaya_jan17_2008">http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=antonioAbaya_jan17_2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/economy_profile.html">"Philippines Economy Profile 2008"</a>. Indexmundi.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2012-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philippines+Economy+Profile+2008&rft.pub=Indexmundi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fphilippines%2Feconomy_profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciaf-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ciaf_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111070218/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">"Philippines"</a>. <i>CIA World Factbook</i>. Marso 8, 2011. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">orihinal</a> noong Enero 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Marso 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Philippines&rft.date=2011-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Frp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view_article.php?article_id=90950">"Arroyo shares spotlight with global leaders in forum"</a>. INQUIRER.net. 2007-10-11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011115450/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view_article.php?article_id=90950">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2007-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2012-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arroyo+shares+spotlight+with+global+leaders+in+forum&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalnation.inquirer.net%2Fnews%2Fbreakingnews%2Fview_article.php%3Farticle_id%3D90950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_19-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150719222229/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">orihinal</a> noong 2015-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Frp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014063826/http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/eat_and_drink_SghUG7F9mrsD7p1zF1LQsK">"EAT AND DRINK"</a>. New York Post. 12 Agosto 2009. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/eat_and_drink_SghUG7F9mrsD7p1zF1LQsK">orihinal</a> noong 14 Oktubre 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">24 Oktubre</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EAT+AND+DRINK&rft.date=2009-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypost.com%2Fp%2Fpagesix%2Feat_and_drink_SghUG7F9mrsD7p1zF1LQsK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130219030118/http://www.pcso.gov.ph/about-section/news/news-pcso-press-release02012013.html">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcso.gov.ph/about-section/news/news-pcso-press-release02012013.html">orihinal</a> noong 2013-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcso.gov.ph%2Fabout-section%2Fnews%2Fnews-pcso-press-release02012013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Macapagal+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_panlabas_na_kawing">Mga panlabas na kawing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga panlabas na kawing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Mga panlabas na kawing"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macapagal.com/gma/">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a>, opisyal na <i>website</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gloria-arroyo.com/">Gloria Arroyo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326204300/http://www.gloria-arroyo.com/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2022-03-26 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Nagmamahal sa Pangulo <i>website</i></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff;">Mga tungkuling pampolitika </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b>{{{before}}}</b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>{{{title}}}</b><br />{{{years}}} </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Susunod:<br /><b>{{{after}}}</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></b><br />1998 – 2001 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Susunod:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona, Jr.">Teofisto Guingona</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona, Jr.">Teofisto Guingona</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Ugnayang_Panlabas_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas (Pilipinas)">Kalihim ng Ugnayang Panlabas</a></b><br />2002 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Susunod:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Reyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelo Reyes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Angelo Reyes</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Tanggulang_Pambansa_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa (Pilipinas)">Kalihim ng Tanggulang Pambansa</a></b><br />2003 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Susunod:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Ermita" title="Eduardo Ermita">Eduardo Ermita</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_Ebdalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franklin Ebdalin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Franklin Ebdalin</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Ugnayang_Panlabas_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas (Pilipinas)">Kalihim ng Ugnayang Panlabas</a></b><br />2003 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Susunod:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delia_Albert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delia Albert (hindi pa naisusulat)">Delia Albert</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avelino_Cruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avelino Cruz (hindi pa naisusulat)">Avelino Cruz</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Tanggulang_Pambansa_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa (Pilipinas)">Kalihim ng Tanggulang Pambansa</a></b><br />2006 – 2007 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Susunod:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermogenes_Ebdane,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermogenes Ebdane, Jr. (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hermogenes Ebdane</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #FFBF00;">Mga tungkuling pangpartido pampolitika </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Venecia">Jose de Venecia</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Lakas-CMD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-CMD">National Chairman ng Lakas-CMD</a></b><br />2004 – kasalukuyan </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>Kasalukuyan</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Sinundan:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Villafuerte,_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Villafuerte, Sr. (hindi pa naisusulat)">Luis Villafuerte</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/KAMPI" class="mw-redirect" title="KAMPI">Chairman Emeritus ng KAMPI</a></b><br />2004 – kasalukuyan </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>Kasalukuyan</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/e/e5/PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png/100px-PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/e/e5/PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png/150px-PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/e/e5/PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png/200px-PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unang Republika ng Pilipinas">Unang Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Pamahalaang Komonwelt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikalawang Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_P._Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="José P. Laurel">José P. Laurel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Pinanumbalik na Komonwelt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikatlong Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand E. Marcos</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagong_Lipunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagong Lipunan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bagong Lipunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand E. Marcos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_Militar_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas Militar ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikaapat na Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand E. Marcos</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon C. Aquino</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikalimang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikalimang Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikalimang Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon C. Aquino</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno S. Aquino III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Mga_Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Mga Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Mga_Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Padron:Mga Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Mga_Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Mga Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Mga_Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Mga Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumbensiyon_sa_Tejeros" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbensiyon sa Tejeros">Kumbensiyon sa Tejeros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Trias" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariano Trias">Mariano Trias</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Pamahalaang Komonwelt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikatlong Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Pelaez" title="Emmanuel Pelaez">Emmanuel Pelaez</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_Militar_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas Militar ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikalawang Pagdidiktador</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>wala</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikaapat_na_Republika_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikaapat na Republika ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikaapat na Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador H. Laurel</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikalimang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikalimang Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikalimang Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador H. Laurel</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona" class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona">Teofisto Guingona</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Mga_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Mga Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Padron:Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Osmeña</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Roxas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Quint%C3%ADn_Paredes" title="Quintín Paredes">Paredes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gil_Montilla" title="Gil Montilla">Montilla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Yulo" class="mw-redirect" title="José Yulo">Yulo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino, Sr.">Aquino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zulueta" title="José Zulueta">Zulueta</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Perez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Perez (hindi pa naisusulat)">Perez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_Laurel_Jr." title="Jose Laurel Jr.">Laurel</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Romualdez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Romualdez (hindi pa naisusulat)">Romualdez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cornelio_Villareal" title="Cornelio Villareal">Villareal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_Laurel_Jr." title="Jose Laurel Jr.">Laurel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cornelio_Villareal" title="Cornelio Villareal">Villareal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Querube_Makalintal" class="mw-redirect" title="Querube Makalintal">Makalintal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Y%C3%B1iguez" title="Nicanor Yñiguez">Yñiguez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Mitra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">de Venecia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Villar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arnulfo_Fuentebella" title="Arnulfo Fuentebella">Fuentebella</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Belmonte,_Jr." title="Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.">Belmonte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">de Venecia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prospero_Nograles" title="Prospero Nograles">Nograles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Belmonte,_Jr." title="Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.">Belmonte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pantaleon_Alvarez" title="Pantaleon Alvarez">Alvarez</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macapagal-Arroyo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Cayetano</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&oldid=2129192">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo&oldid=2129192</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kategorya:Mga pangulo ng Pilipinas">Mga pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></li><li><a 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