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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Berwick</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Berwick_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thomas Berwick (disambiguation)">Thomas Berwick (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Thomas Berwick</b> (1825–1891) was a <a href="/wiki/Convict_era_of_Western_Australia" title="Convict era of Western Australia">convict</a> transported to <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">colonial Western Australia</a>. He was one of 280 such convicts from the 9721 convicts <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">transported</a> to the colony to overcome the <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a> of convictism to become schoolteachers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Berwick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrival_of_the_Hougoumont_-_Perth_Gazette_and_West_Australian_Times_-_17_Jan_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Arrival_of_the_Hougoumont_-_Perth_Gazette_and_West_Australian_Times_-_17_Jan_1868.jpg/220px-Arrival_of_the_Hougoumont_-_Perth_Gazette_and_West_Australian_Times_-_17_Jan_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Arrival_of_the_Hougoumont_-_Perth_Gazette_and_West_Australian_Times_-_17_Jan_1868.jpg/330px-Arrival_of_the_Hougoumont_-_Perth_Gazette_and_West_Australian_Times_-_17_Jan_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Arrival_of_the_Hougoumont_-_Perth_Gazette_and_West_Australian_Times_-_17_Jan_1868.jpg/440px-Arrival_of_the_Hougoumont_-_Perth_Gazette_and_West_Australian_Times_-_17_Jan_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>News clipping from the <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">Perth Gazette and West Australian Times</a></i>, 17 January 1868, announcing the arrival of the <i><a href="/wiki/Hougoumont_(ship)" title="Hougoumont (ship)">Hougoumont</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Fremantle" title="Fremantle">Fremantle</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Born in 1825, Thomas Berwick worked as a <a href="/wiki/Master_mariner" title="Master mariner">master mariner</a> until he was found guilty of scuttling his ship and sentenced to twenty years transportation. At the time of his sentence he was married with seven children. He arrived in Western Australia on board <a href="/wiki/Hougoumont_(ship)" title="Hougoumont (ship)"><i>Hougoumont</i></a> in January 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-cta_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cta-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After receiving his <a href="/wiki/Ticket_of_leave#Australian_convicts" title="Ticket of leave">ticket of leave</a>, by 1878 he was working as an unofficial school teacher at <a href="/wiki/Jarrahdale,_Western_Australia" title="Jarrahdale, Western Australia">Jarrahdale</a>, with his salary being paid by the local road board. In 1879 he was officially appointed government schoolmaster. He shared with <a href="/wiki/William_Chopin" title="William Chopin">William Chopin</a> the distinction of being the last ex-convicts to be appointed school teachers. </p><p>In 1882 Berwick bought a block of land, upon which he built a large house in the hope that his family would join him in the colony. When this did not eventuate, he rented the property to an innkeeper. He continued to teach until his death in 1891. </p><p>Berwick was one of a very small number of convicts in Western Australia to overcome the social stigma of his conviction and obtain a respectable position in society. Although most respectable occupations were closed to ex-convicts, the colony was desperately short of teachers, yet unable to pay a sufficient wage to attract them. Whereas educated people of the "free" class were not attracted to teaching positions, the positions were attractive to educated ex-convicts, for whom the salary was no lower than other vocations open to them, and the job offered a degree of respectability. In total, 39 ex-convicts became school teachers in Western Australia. <a href="/wiki/Ex-convict_school_teachers_in_Western_Australia" title="Ex-convict school teachers in Western Australia">Ex-convict school teachers</a> played an important role in the gradual breaking down of the social stigma of convictism.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Berwick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas Berwick was a third generation 'Ship Master' and was based in <a href="/wiki/Kirkcaldy" title="Kirkcaldy">Kirkcaldy</a>, in partnership with his father Thomas (1794–1857) who had married Joan Mcdonald (1799–1888) of <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, Scotland. In 1835 Thomas and Joan had married off their daughter, Elizabeth, to Alexander Selkirk, an innkeeper who had been named for the brother of his ancestor, Andrew Selkirk. That earlier <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Selkirk" title="Alexander Selkirk">Alexander Selkirk</a> (1676–1721) was the inspiration for Daniel Defoe's character, <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a>. </p><p>Thomas Berwick married Jeanie Ruxton, whose father George had been similarly accused in 1862 for the destruction of a ship, the 'Kate Kearney'; he was acquitted for lack of evidence. Thomas and Jeanie had eight children: Thomas (1857–1893); Jane (1859–1859); George Ruxton (1860–1897); Joan (1862–1930); Jessie (1864–1923); Katherine (1865–1930); Agnes Jane (1865–1938); Douglas James (1866–1901). Although the strain of supporting such a large family might have induced Thomas to defraud the insurance company, at least 15 similar prior incidents were cited at his trial. </p><p>Of Thomas's eight children, Joan and Jessie married brothers Francis Rotherford Gray and Arctic Franklin Gray of Manchester. Upon the death of her husband Thomas in 1893, Kate (née Walters) married her brother-in-law, George Ruxton Berwick, who died shortly after, in 1897. Neither his wife nor any of Thomas Berwick's children journeyed to Australia, though a brief correspondence between Thomas Berwick and his daughter Jessie is archived in the <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Western_Australia" title="State Library of Western Australia">State Library of Western Australia</a> (Acc 3435A). By the time he had earned his ticket of leave his wife Jeanie had died, and all but one of his children had begun career or families in England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Berwick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFErickson1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rica_Erickson" title="Rica Erickson">Erickson, Rica</a> (1983). "Schoolmasters". In Erickson, Rica (ed.). <i>The Brand on His Coat: Biographies of Some Western Australian Convicts</i>. Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85564-223-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85564-223-8"><bdi>0-85564-223-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schoolmasters&rft.btitle=The+Brand+on+His+Coat%3A+Biographies+of+Some+Western+Australian+Convicts&rft.place=Nedlands%2C+Western+Australia&rft.pub=University+of+Western+Australia+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-85564-223-8&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Rica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Berwick" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Berwick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://convictrecords.com.au/convicts/berwick/thomas/68916">"Thomas Berwick"</a>. <i>Convict Records</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Convict+Records&rft.atitle=Thomas+Berwick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconvictrecords.com.au%2Fconvicts%2Fberwick%2Fthomas%2F68916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Berwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cta-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cta_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perthdps.com/convicts/con-wa42.html">"Hougoumont"</a>. <i>Convicts to Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Convicts+to+Australia&rft.atitle=Hougoumont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperthdps.com%2Fconvicts%2Fcon-wa42.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Berwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1983">Erickson (1983)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Berwick&oldid=1225951390">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Berwick&oldid=1225951390</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1825_births" title="Category:1825 births">1825 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1891_deaths" title="Category:1891 deaths">1891 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Convicts_transported_to_Western_Australia" title="Category:Convicts transported to Western Australia">Convicts transported to Western Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Settlers_of_Western_Australia" title="Category:Settlers of Western Australia">Settlers of Western Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_schoolteachers" title="Category:Australian schoolteachers">Australian schoolteachers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_sailors" title="Category:British sailors">British sailors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Peel_(Western_Australia)" title="Category:People from Peel (Western Australia)">People from Peel (Western Australia)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2021">Use dmy dates from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use Australian English from August 2021">Use Australian English from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 May 2024, at 18:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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