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href="/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/05/03/senegal-signature-avec-le-tchad-d-un-accord-de-cooperation-judiciaire-sur-l-affaire-" class="active">Sénégal : Signature avec le Tchad d’un accord de coopération judiciaire sur l’affaire Habré</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">L’accord signé vient faciliter les enquêtes des Chambres africaines extraordinaires</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">3 mai 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/05/02/liban-la-vendetta-des-enlevements-s-accelere-pres-de-la-frontiere">Liban: La vendetta des enlèvements s’accélère près de la frontière</a></span> </div> <div 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href="/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/27/syrie-de-nouvelles-frappes-aeriennes-et-des-tirs-de-missiles-ont-nouveau-tue-des-civ">Syrie : De nouvelles frappes aériennes et des tirs de missiles ont à nouveau tué des civils</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Des attaques illégales à Alep ont fait au moins 84 morts</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">27 avril 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/26/tchad-il-ne-faut-pas-accueillir-le-ministre-recherche-par-la-cpi">Tchad : Il ne faut pas accueillir le ministre recherché par la CPI</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span 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field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/09/11/questions-et-r-ponses-sur-l-affaire-hiss-ne-habr-devant-les-chambres-africaines-extr">Questions et réponses sur l’affaire Hissène Habré devant les Chambres africaines extraordinaires au Sénégal</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">11 septembre 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Q & A</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> 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<div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-nodereference-related-features view-id-nodereference_related_features view-display-id-default view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/crop-300x200/media/images/photographs/2013AFR_Chad_Habre_thumb.jpg" class="imagecache imagecache-crop-300x200 imagecache-default imagecache-crop-300x200_default"/></span> </div> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/face-a-la-justice">Hissène Habré, face à la justice</a> </span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> « Ce traité autorisera les juges sénégalais à passer outre la bureaucratie habituelle et à enquêter sur les crimes allégués au Tchad presque comme s’ils avaient été commis au Sénégal Le Tchad et le Sénégal se sont engagés à garantir la protection effective des témoins à décharge comme à charge.» </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Reed Brody, porte-parole de Human Rights Watch </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Dakar, le 3 mai 2013) – La signature d’un accord de coopération judiciaire entre le <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/africa/chad">Tchad</a> et le <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/africa/senegal">Sénégal</a> va faciliter les enquêtes sur les crimes allégués de Hissène Habré, a déclaré Human Rights Watch aujourd’hui.<br/> <br/> Le 3 mai, la ministre sénégalaise de la Justice Aminata Touré et son homologue tchadien Jean-Bernard Padaré ont signé un accord prévoyant une entraide judiciaire entre les deux pays dans le cadre des Chambres africaines extraordinaires au sein des juridictions sénégalaises qui entament des poursuites contre l’ancien président tchadien, dont le régime est accusé de violations massives des droits humains de 1982 à 1990.<br/> <br/> « <em>Ce traité autorisera les juges sénégalais à passer outre la bureaucratie habituelle et à enquêter sur les crimes allégués au Tchad presque comme s’ils avaient été commis au Sénégal »</em>, a déclaré <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/bios/reed-brody-1">Reed Brody</a> de Human Rights Watch, qui travaille avec les victimes depuis 14 ans. « <em>Le Tchad et le Sénégal se sont engagés à garantir la protection effective des témoins à décharge comme à charge</em>.»<br/> <br/> L’un des éléments clefs de cet accord est la désignation par chaque partie d’une « Autorité centrale » par l’intermédiaire desquelles seront faites toutes demandes d’entraide judiciaire. En maintenant un contact direct, les Autorités centrales pourront éviter les lourdes procédures administratives inhérentes à l’assistance judiciaire bilatérale. Ce traité permet entre autres aux juges des Chambres africaines extraordinaires de mener des actes d’instruction sur le territoire du Tchad et de faciliter les déplacements de témoins tchadiens au Sénégal. Le Tchad s’engage par ailleurs à transmettre tout document ou toute archive que les juges pourraient demander dans le cadre de leurs enquêtes. Les deux pays s’engagent à garantir, par tout moyen ou dispositif approprié, la protection effective de tout témoin sur leur territoire, avant, pendant et après sa déposition.<br/> <br/> Les Chambres ont été <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/02/08/senegal-inauguration-du-tribunal-special-pour-le-proces-de-hissene-habre">inaugurées</a> le 8 février dernier. Son Procureur général, Mbacké Fall, est en train de préparer le réquisitoire introductif qui devrait permettre aux juges d’instruction de commencer leurs investigations.<br/> <br/> Par ce traité, le Sénégal et le Tchad reconnaissent aussi que la sensibilisation de la société tchadienne est un élément essentiel du travail des Chambres africaines extraordinaires. Le Tchad s’engage à diffuser sur les radios et télévisions publiques les enregistrements du procès que le Sénégal aura fait réaliser. Les deux pays faciliteront le séjour de victimes tchadiennes et de journalistes sur le territoire sénégalais, et permettront aux personnes impliquées dans le procès de se rendre au Tchad pour participer à des actions de sensibilisation.<br/> <br/> « <em>Au Tchad, les Chambres africaines extraordinaires mettront en place un vaste programme de sensibilisation chargé de vulgariser l’information des Chambres, pour que s’y développe le leitmotiv du plus jamais ça</em> », a assuré <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2011/12/06/l-impunit-est-un-cancer-qui-gangr-ne-notre-continent">Jacqueline Moudeïna</a>, avocate tchadienne des victimes du régime Habré et présidente de l’Association tchadienne pour la Promotion et la Défense des droits de l’Homme, dans son <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ep-live/fr/committees/video?event=20130424-1500-COMMITTEE-DROI">discours</a> au Parlement européen le 24 avril dernier.<br/> <br/> <strong>Contexte</strong><br/> Habré a dirigé le Tchad de 1982 à 1990, date à laquelle il a été renversé par l'actuel président, Idriss Déby Itno, et s'est réfugié au Sénégal. Son régime à parti unique a été marqué par des atrocités commises à grande échelle, notamment par des vagues d'épuration ethnique. Les archives de la <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/03/08/inside_a_dictators_secret_police">police politique</a> de Habré, la Direction de la Documentation et de la Sécurité (DDS), <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2003/11/04/hiss-ne-habr-les-archives-de-lhorreur-les-archives-de-la-police-politique">découvertes</a> par Human Rights Watch en 2001, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/https://www.hrdag.org/about/downloads/State-Violence-in-Chad.pdf">révèlent</a> les noms de 1.208 personnes exécutées ou décédées en détention et de 12.321 victimes de violations des droits humains.<br/> <br/> Les États-Unis et la France ont soutenu Habré, le considérant comme un rempart contre <em>Mouammar Kadhafi et la Libye. Sous la présidence de Ronald Reagan, l</em>es Etats-Unis ont apporté en secret, et par le biais de la CIA, un soutien paramilitaire à Habré afin que celui-ci prenne le pouvoir dans son pays<em>. </em><br/> <br/> Habré a été <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/legacy/french/themes/habre-inculpation.html">inculpé</a> une première fois au Sénégal en 2000. Mais les tribunaux sénégalais ont statué qu’il ne pouvait pas y être jugé, et ses victimes ont alors déposé plainte en Belgique. En septembre 2005, après quatre années d’enquête, un juge belge a inculpé Habré et la Belgique a demandé son extradition. Après que le Sénégal eut refusé d’extrader Habré vers la Belgique et n’a pas donné suite, pendant les trois années qui ont suivi, à la demande de l’Union africaine de le juger à Dakar, la Belgique a porté l’affaire devant la Cour internationale de Justice (CIJ). L’administration Obama a également soutenu l’organisation d’un procès.<br/> <br/> Après l’élection de Macky Sall à la présidence du Sénégal en avril 2012 et l’<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/144/17065.pdf">arrêt</a> de la Cour internationale de Justice du 20 juillet 2012 ordonnant au Sénégal de poursuivre en justice « <em>sans autre délai</em> » ou d’extrader l’ancien dictateur du Tchad, l’Union africaine et le Sénégal se sont mis d’accord sur un <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/07/24/s-n-gal-un-accord-pour-le-proc-s-de-habr">projet</a> pour créer les « <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506091754/http://www.hrw.org/fr/node/113271">Chambres africaines extraordinaires </a>» en vue de mener le procès au sein du système juridique sénégalais.<br/> <br/>  </p> </div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li 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