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</header> <header class="inner no-image"> <div class="background-fill"></div> </header> <div id="pageModal" class="modal fade" role="dialog" data-backdrop="false"> <div class="modal-backdrop fade in"></div> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"><button class="close" type="button" data-dismiss="modal">CLOSE X</button></div> <div class="modal-body"></div> <div class="modal-footer"><button class="btn btn-primary" type="button">Submit</button></div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="inner-page-wrap"> <div class="container"> <hgroup class="page-title"> <h1>Ownership</h1> <ul class="breadcrumb-list"><li><a href="https://www.copyright.com.au">Home</a></li><li class="separator"> / </li><li><a href="https://www.copyright.com.au/about-copyright/" title="About Copyright">About Copyright</a></li> <li class="separator">/</li><li><strong title="Ownership"> Ownership</strong></li></ul> </hgroup> </div> <div class="content-block"> <div class="container"> <article class="body-content"> <h3>FIRST OWNER OF COPYRIGHT</h3> <p>As a general rule, the first owner of copyright in a work is the creator, unless the creator has <a href="http://www.copyright.com.au/about-copyright/ownership/assigning-and-licensing/">assigned copyright in advance</a> (e.g. to a client or a publisher).</p> <p>Where, however, there is no agreement about who owns copyright, the following will be the first owner of copyright:</p> <ul> <li>the creator’s employer, if the creator is an employee (not a freelancer) and created the work as part of their job</li> <li>a client who commissions a portrait, <a href="http://www.copyright.com.au/membership/photographers/">private photograph (e.g. of a wedding)</a>, video or audio recording</li> <li>the Commonwealth or a State if the material was created for, or first published by, a Commonwealth or State government department or agency.</li> </ul> <p>Where the work is the product of a collaboration, the copyright may be jointly owned.</p> <p>There are special provisions for employed journalists. Unless there is an agreement to the contrary, employed journalists own copyright for photocopying from print publications, and inclusion of their work in a book. <a href="http://www.copyright.com.au/membership/journalists/">More information for journalists here.</a></p> <p>In some cases, the rules vary for old material. For example, there are different provisions for commissioned photographs taken before July 1998, and works created by employed journalists before July 1998.</p> <h3>DIFFERENT OWNERS</h3> <p>Different people can own different copyright rights in a work. For example, one person may own copyright for reproducing the work as a printed book, and another for publishing online.</p> <p>Also, one item can contain many separate works, each with a different copyright owner. For example, an anthology contains works by different authors, each of which may have a different copyright owner. A book can include a number of images, each of which has a different copyright owner.</p> <h3>Assignment of rights</h3> <p>Ownership of copyright rights can be transferred from one person to another by <a href="http://www.copyright.com.au/about-copyright/ownership/assigning-and-licensing/">assignment</a>, and when a person dies (under the person’s will, or under the rules that apply when someone dies without a will).聽Identifying the current owner of copyright often requires identifying the first owner of copyright and any subsequent transfers of ownership.</p> <h3>Entitlement to receive Copyright Agency payments</h3> <p>See our <a href="http://www.copyright.com.au/membership/payments/">Payments page</a>.</p> <p><b>This information is for guidance only. It is not legal advice.</b></p> <h3>MORE FROM AUSTRALIAN COPYRIGHT COUNCIL</h3> <p>The Australian Copyright Council <span class="external-link">publishes </span><a href="https://www.copyright.org.au/ACC/Find_an_Answer/ACC/Public_Content/Find_an_Answer.aspx?hkey=b0de2cd4-daa3-47da-95a5-1e7ecdc8dddc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">information sheets</a>聽(such as ‘Ownership of Copyright) and <a class="external-link" href="http://www.copyright.org.au/bookstore">detailed guides</a>, offers a聽<a class="external-link" href="http://copyright.org.au/legal-advice">legal advice service</a> and runs an <a class="external-link" href="http://www.copyright.org.au/seminars/">annual training program</a>.</p> <p> </p> <a href="#" data-share="facebook" class="button button-facebook icon-facebook">Share</a> <a href="#" data-share="twitter" data-message="Ownership | Copyright Agency" data-via="copyrightagency" class="button button-twitter icon-twitter">Tweet</a> </article> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div id="widget-subpages-2" class="widget page-widget widget_subpages"><li class="pagenav"><h3>Ownership</h3><ul><li class="page_item page-item-1128"><a href="https://www.copyright.com.au/about-copyright/ownership/assigning-and-licensing/">Assigning and Licensing</a></li> </ul></li></div> <div class="image-credit"> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="artist-profile"> <div class="container"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.copyright.com.au/profile/reg-mombassa/"><img width="600" height="449" src="https://static-copyright-com-au.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2016/04/RegMombassa-MemberProfile.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Reg Mombassa [Photo 漏 Nick Cubbin]" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /></a> </div> <div class="info"> <h4>Artist Profile</h4> <h3><a href="https://www.copyright.com.au/profile/reg-mombassa/">Reg Mombassa</a></h3> <div class="profile-category"> Visual Arts </div> <p>Copyright is important to me. While I don鈥檛 mind people being influenced by my work or appropriating it with permission, blatant unauthorised commercial rip-offs can be irritating and insulting. <br><br><em>Photo by Nick Cubbin</em></p> <a href="https://www.copyright.com.au/profile/reg-mombassa/" class="button">Read profile</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="ca-footer"> <div class="ca-container"> <div class="ca-responsive-row"> <div style="min-width: 282px;" class="ca-links-primary ca-responsive-column"> <div style="width: 230px; height: 2.3rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"> <a href="https://www.copyright.com.au" target="_blank"> <svg viewBox="0 0 230 23" version="1.1" id="svg8"> <g id="layer1" transform="translate(-8.8777054,-22.147404)"> <g transform="matrix(0.2403838,0,0,-0.2403838,3.0558261,47.51949)" id="g4648"> <g id="g4650"> <g clip-path="url(#clipPath4656)" id="g4652"> <g transform="translate(237.0611,82.0483)" id="g4658"> <path id="path4660" 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