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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-UPC-KY_coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UPC-KY_coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>UPC-KY coalition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UPC-KY_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ibingira's_and_Obote's_rivalry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ibingira's_and_Obote's_rivalry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ibingira's and Obote's rivalry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ibingira's_and_Obote's_rivalry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_lost_counties_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_lost_counties_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The lost counties referendum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_lost_counties_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gold_Scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gold_Scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Gold Scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gold_Scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"Obote_Revolution"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"Obote_Revolution""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The "Obote Revolution"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"Obote_Revolution"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Mengo_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Mengo_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle of Mengo Hill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Mengo_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mengo_Crisis&params=0_18_6_N_32_33_58_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°18′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">32°33′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.30167°N 32.56611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.30167; 32.56611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mengo_Hill&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mengo Hill">Battle of Mengo Hill</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1966 Ugandan political crisis</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the earlier <a href="/wiki/Kabaka_crisis" title="Kabaka crisis">Kabaka crisis</a> of 1953.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1892 battle between Christian factions in Uganda, see <a 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Prime_Minister_Milton_Obote_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Prime_Minister_Milton_Obote_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Prime_Minister_Milton_Obote_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Prime_Minister_Milton_Obote_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Prime_Minister_Milton_Obote_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Prime_Minister_Milton_Obote_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:#E70000; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span style="font-size:0.75em;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">This article is part of a series about</span></span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><span style="font-size:0.95em;"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Obote" title="Milton Obote"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Milton Obote</span></a></span></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_People%27s_Congress" title="Uganda People's Congress">UPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Ugandan_general_election" title="1961 Ugandan general election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Ugandan_general_election" title="1962 Ugandan general election">1962</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Prime Minister of Uganda<br />(1962–1966)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Constitutional_Conference" title="Ugandan Constitutional Conference">Ugandan Constitutional Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uganda_(1963%E2%80%931971)" title="History of Uganda (1963–1971)">History of Uganda (1963–1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Ugandan_lost_counties_referendum" title="1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum">1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Scandal" title="Gold Scandal">Gold Scandal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mengo Crisis</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>2nd President of Uganda<br />(1966-1971)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Move_to_the_Left" title="Move to the Left">Move to the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Ugandan_coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Ugandan coup d'etat">1971 Ugandan coup d'etat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>First Exile<br />(1972–1979)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_invasion_of_Uganda" title="1972 invasion of Uganda">1972 invasion of Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_National_Liberation_Front" title="Uganda National Liberation Front">Uganda National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Second Presidency<br />(1980–1985)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_of_Uganda" title="Presidential Commission of Uganda">Presidential Commission of Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Ugandan_general_election" title="1980 Ugandan general election">1980 Ugandan general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Ugandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Ugandan coup d'état">1985 Ugandan coup d'état</a></li></ul> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="549" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Milton_Obote_sidebar" title="Template:Milton Obote sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Milton_Obote_sidebar" title="Template talk:Milton Obote sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Milton_Obote_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Milton Obote sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Buganda Crisis</b>, also called the <b>1966 Mengo Crisis</b>, the <b>Kabaka Crisis</b>, or the <b>1966 Crisis</b>, domestically, was a period of political turmoil that occurred in <a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>. It was driven by conflict between Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Milton_Obote" title="Milton Obote">Milton Obote</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda" title="Kabaka of Buganda">Kabaka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutesa_II_of_Buganda" title="Mutesa II of Buganda">Mutesa II</a>, culminating in a military assault upon the latter's residence that drove him into exile. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UPC-KY_coalition">UPC-KY coalition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: UPC-KY coalition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1960, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Obote" title="Milton Obote">Milton Obote</a> helped to establish a political party in Uganda, known as the <a href="/wiki/Uganda_People%27s_Congress" title="Uganda People's Congress">Uganda People's Congress</a> (UPC). The UPC aimed to erode the power and influence of the "Mengo Establishment", a group of traditionalist <a href="/wiki/Baganda" title="Baganda">Baganda</a> that led the sub-national kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201341_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201341-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mengo establishment was plagued by rivalries and infighting, but most of its members, as <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant Christians</a>, were united by their dislike of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Uganda)" title="Democratic Party (Uganda)">Democratic Party</a> (DP), which was dominated by <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199245_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199245-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The DP won a majority in Uganda's first free <a href="/wiki/Ugandan_general_election,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan general election, 1961">national elections in 1961</a>, and formed a government. The UPC and traditionalist Baganda both disliked the Catholic orientation of the DP, but were diametrically opposed to each others' ideals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980179–181_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980179–181-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, the UPC gave <a href="/wiki/Grace_Ibingira" title="Grace Ibingira">Grace Ibingira</a>, a conservative member of its ranks, the responsibility of making contact with the Baganda to establish an alliance to unseat the DP. The UPC chose him for the role because he was personally acquainted with the <a href="/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda" title="Kabaka of Buganda">Kabaka</a> (King) of Buganda, <a href="/wiki/Mutesa_II_of_Buganda" title="Mutesa II of Buganda">Mutesa II</a>. After several negotiations, the UPC and Baganda leaders held a conference whereupon an agreement was reached. Soon afterwards the Baganda created the <a href="/wiki/Kabaka_Yekka" title="Kabaka Yekka">Kabaka Yekka</a> (KY), a traditionalist party that entered an alliance with the UPC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980182,_186_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980182,_186-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the UPC's victory in the April 1962 general elections, Obote was tasked with forming a government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980188_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980188-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became Prime Minister of a UPC-KY coalition government. The KY held mostly insignificant portfolios, while Obote obtained control of the security services and armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201343–44_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201343–44-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibingira was made Minister of Justice.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uganda was granted independence from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> on 9 October 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980188_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980188-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963 Mutesa was elected President of Uganda, a largely ceremonial post. Obote supported his election with the intention of appeasing the Baganda population.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ibingira's_and_Obote's_rivalry"><span id="Ibingira.27s_and_Obote.27s_rivalry"></span>Ibingira's and Obote's rivalry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ibingira's and Obote's rivalry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Ibingira,_Milton_Obote,_and_John_Kakonge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Grace_Ibingira%2C_Milton_Obote%2C_and_John_Kakonge.jpg/220px-Grace_Ibingira%2C_Milton_Obote%2C_and_John_Kakonge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Grace_Ibingira%2C_Milton_Obote%2C_and_John_Kakonge.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Grace_Ibingira" title="Grace Ibingira">Grace Ibingira</a>, leader of the UPC's right wing; <a href="/wiki/Milton_Obote" title="Milton Obote">Milton Obote</a>, Prime Minister of Uganda; and John Kakonge, leader of the UPC's left wing</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1964 Ibingira initiated a struggle to gain control of the UPC with the ultimate goal of deposing Obote from the party presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201346_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201346-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a party conference in April he challenged the left-leaning <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kakonge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kakonge (page does not exist)">John Kakonge</a> for the secretariat-general of the UPC. He convinced Obote that Kakonge posed a threat to his leadership of the UPC. With Obote's support, Ibingira ousted Kakonge by two votes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_La_Rue1966207–208_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_La_Rue1966207–208-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used his new position to purge the party of a number of leftists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201346_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201346-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Mutesa increasingly feared that the UPC would deny his kingdom its traditional autonomy and concluded that in order to retain power he would have to garner influence in national politics. He proceeded to instruct Baganda members of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda" title="Parliament of Uganda">Parliament</a> to join the UPC with the goal of bolstering Ibingira's position and unseating Obote, thus allowing for a reorientation of the UPC-KY alliance that would be more favorable to Buganda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201347_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201347-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As his working relationship with Mutesa improved, Ibingira amassed a coalition of non-Baganda southerners, dubbed the "Bantu Group".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_rise_and_fall_of_Grace_Ibingira196725_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_rise_and_fall_of_Grace_Ibingira196725-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile Obote began appealing to DP MPs to defect and join his party in Parliament. He successfully convinced several to do so, including the DP floor leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELow1971237_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELow1971237-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 August 1964 Obote, with the UPC having consolidated a majority in Parliament, declared that the coalition with KY was dissolved.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1964 Ibingira, under the cover of checking on his ranch in Ankole, traveled to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to raise funds to support anti-<a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> causes. Upon his return, he successfully used the money to expand his following.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham1994100_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham1994100-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1965 it was apparent that the UPC had divided into an Ibingira-led wing and an Obote-led wing. When Ibingira attempted to convene a UPC conference in his capacity as party secretary general, the police shut it down.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980195_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980195-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_lost_counties_referendum">The lost counties referendum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The lost counties referendum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1964_Ugandan_lost_counties_referendum" title="1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum">1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum</a></div> <p>The 1962 constitution granted Buganda a federal autonomy, but it did not provide a resolution to a territorial dispute surrounding the counties of Buyaga and Bugangaizi. The two regions had been annexed by Buganda from the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> around the turn of the 20th century with the United Kingdom's consent. Bunyoro had demanded the return of the "lost counties" before independence, but this did not occur.<sup id="cite_ref-kaggwa_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaggwa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 August 1964, Obote submitted a bill in Parliament that called for the matter to be settled through <a href="/wiki/1964_Ugandan_lost_counties_referendum" title="1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum">a referendum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutesa and Obote held opposing stances on the issue; the former wished for the territories to remain with Buganda, while the latter wanted them to be returned to Bunyoro. In an attempt to sway the vote, Mutesa arranged for large numbers of his subjects to settle in the counties. Obote foiled his plan by decreeing that only persons registered in the area for the 1962 elections could participate in the referendum. Mutesa then vainly attempted to bribe the electorate.<sup id="cite_ref-kaggwa_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaggwa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The referendum was held on 4 November 1964, and the voters chose by a wide margin to return to Bunyoro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The result of the vote bolstered Obote's support in Bunyoro and created outrage in Buganda. Baganda rioted and attacked ministers of their kingdom's government. On 9 November <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kintu" title="Michael Kintu">Michael Kintu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Katikkiro_of_Buganda" title="Katikkiro of Buganda">Kattikiro</a> (Prime Minister) of Buganda, resigned and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_Mayanja_Nkangi" title="Jehoash Mayanja Nkangi">Jehoash Mayanja Nkangi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Obote presented the necessary documents officiating the transfer of jurisdiction for Mutesa to sign as President, the latter refused, declaring, "I can never give away Buganda land."<sup id="cite_ref-kaggwa_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaggwa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obote signed in his place, but relations between the two men were strained by the ordeal.<sup id="cite_ref-kaggwa_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaggwa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transfer took effect on 1 January 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensen1981219–221-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold_Scandal">Gold Scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gold Scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gold_Scandal" title="Gold Scandal">Gold Scandal</a></div> <p>In late 1964<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987496_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987496-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Ugandan government offered covert aid to <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Gbenye" title="Christophe Gbenye">Christophe Gbenye</a>, who was leading <a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">a rebellion</a> in the eastern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, which shared a border with Uganda. This included direct military assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Uganda_Army_(1962%E2%80%931971)" title="Uganda Army (1962–1971)">Uganda Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987484–485_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987484–485-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obote had most of this effort executed by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a> without the knowledge of other military leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthall197596–97_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthall197596–97-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was division in the Ugandan cabinet on the policy taken towards the rebels, as it strained relations with the Congolese government and with the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987496_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987496-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 March 1965 KY MP <a href="/wiki/Daudi_Ochieng" title="Daudi Ochieng">Daudi Ochieng</a> lodged an accusation in Parliament that Amin, Obote, Minister of Internal Affairs <a href="/wiki/Felix_Onama" title="Felix Onama">Felix Onama</a>, and Minister of Planning and Community Development <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoko_Nekyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adoko Nekyon (page does not exist)">Adoko Nekyon</a>, had illegally profited off of gold, ivory, and cash originating from the Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthall197596_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthall197596-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987481,_484–485_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987481,_484–485-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ochieng, in February 1965 Amin opened an account with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bank" title="Ottoman Bank">Ottoman Bank</a>. Within 24 days, <a href="/wiki/East_African_shilling" title="East African shilling">Sh.</a>340,000 (£17,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a>, equivalent to £415,758 in 2023) was deposited in the account.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987484–485_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987484–485-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government promised to investigate the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987485_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987485-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September, no action had been taken, and in a closed session of Parliament Ochieng introduced a motion that would urge the government to act on the accusations. Obote assured the legislature that progress was being made in the investigation and Ochieng withdrew his motion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987485_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987485-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1966 Ochieng, frustrated by the wait in the publishing of a report on the investigation, decided to reintroduce his motion urging the government to take action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987487_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987487-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 January Obote met with the UPC parliamentary group in secret to explain the delays. The group decided that the matter involved sensitive information pertaining to national security, so all UPC MPs would reject Ochieng's motion to avoid an open debate in Parliament on the investigation's findings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987496_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987496-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obote then left the capital, <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>, to go on a tour of northern Uganda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987487_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987487-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before the session of Parliament on 4 February was convened, the cabinet hurriedly met without him. Only half of the ministers attended, and most of those present were sympathetic to Ibingira. The decision was then made that all UPC MPs should support the resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987494,_497_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987494,_497-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to lawyer and intelligence officer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akena_Adoko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akena Adoko (page does not exist)">Akena Adoko</a>, the meeting and decision was taken at Ibingira's initiative on advice from Mutesa, who reportedly told him, "Let us join forces right now. Obote and ministers loyal to him are all out, you are the Cabinet boss, let Cabinet meet now and reverse the decision not to support my motion. This has given me much pains. You and I can do wonders working together."<sup id="cite_ref-lubega_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lubega-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ochieng's motion was soon thereafter tabled in Parliament and debated by its members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987487_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987487-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It read as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987480–481_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987480–481-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>That this House do urge Government to suspend from duty Col Idi Amin of the Uganda Army forthwith pending conclusion of police investigations into the allegations regarding his bank account which should then be passed on to the appropriate public authority whose final decision on the matter shall be made public. </p> </blockquote> <p>During the speech in which he presented the motion, Ochieng also accused Obote, Onama, and Minister of Planning and Community Development <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoko_Nekyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adoko Nekyon (page does not exist)">Adoko Nekyon</a> of being complicit in Amin's alleged activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987481_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987481-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the intense debate that followed, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sam_Odaka" title="Sam Odaka">Sam Odaka</a>, referencing previous dubious corruption allegations made by Ochieng, accused Ochieng of abusing his <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity" title="Parliamentary immunity">parliamentary immunity</a> to attack the standing of government ministers and failing to reinforce his claims with adequate evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-observer1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-observer1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliament passed the resolution with a single dissenting vote from Kakonge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987482_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987482-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kakonge stated that the sudden reversal of the UPC parliamentary group's decision by the cabinet was unusual and must have been the product of a careful strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987495_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987495-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the UPC MPs had been informed of the cabinet's decision to accept the motion only when the debate opened—unaware that many ministers had not participated in the discussion—and followed the direction of their government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987497_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987497-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day following the debate, Onama placed Amin on a short leave of absence.<sup id="cite_ref-observer1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-observer1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minister of Internal Affairs Basil Bataringaya appointed a commission to investigate the accusations.<sup id="cite_ref-lubega_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lubega-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Obote returned to Kampala on 15 February, he was unable to dissuade his ministers from proceeding with an investigation. On 22 February, Obote had five ministers of his government placed under arrest during a cabinet meeting;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201348_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201348-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibingira, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Lumu" title="Emmanuel Lumu">Emmanuel Lumu</a>, Balaki K. Kirya, Mathias Ngobi, and George Magezi were detained by men of the Special Forces—responsible for the security of government officials—and taken to separate locations.<sup id="cite_ref-mufumba_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mufumba-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian A.B.K. Kasozi states that the meeting was organized by the cabinet in an attempt to appoint a new commission of inquiry into the gold scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201348_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201348-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Lumu and historian P. G. Okoth, the meeting was called by Obote.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkoth199348_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkoth199348-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-musoke_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musoke-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrested ministers had all been parties to Ibingira's wing in the cabinet, and all had attended the 4 February meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987497_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMujaju1987497-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon hearing about the arrests, Vice President <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce_Kadhumbula_Nadiope_III" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope III">William Nadiope</a> fled to Kenya and remained there for three weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-mufumba_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mufumba-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the threat posed by Ibingira to his leadership was eliminated, Obote decided to consolidate his position by deprecating his ex-rival's allies, specifically Mutesa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201349_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201349-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He announced that Mutesa was involved in a military coup plot to overthrow his government. On 23 February he moved Opolot to the position of Chief of Defence Staff, and Amin was made Chief of Army and Air Force Staff.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi199483_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi199483-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officers loyal to Opolot were moved to more marginal positions while those with connections to Obote were transferred to more politically advantageous positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkoth199348_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkoth199348-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obote also appointed three judges to his own commission to investigate the gold scandal allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi199483–84_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi199483–84-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_"Obote_Revolution""><span id="The_.22Obote_Revolution.22"></span>The "Obote Revolution"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The "Obote Revolution""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Uganda#Second_constitution_(1966–1967)" title="Constitution of Uganda">Constitution of Uganda § Second constitution (1966–1967)</a></div> <p>On 24 February 1966, Obote announced the suspension of Mutesa from his duties as president, citing his reaction to the lost counties referendum, his ordering of troop movements without ministerial consultation, and his seeking of foreign military support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi199484_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi199484-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutesa later admitted to having "sounded out" the British high commissioner and several African ambassadors for military assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi199484_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi199484-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeopold2021141_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeopold2021141-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutesa also appealed to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Secretary-General">United Nations Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/U_Thant" title="U Thant">U Thant</a> to intervene.<sup id="cite_ref-time_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 March, Obote declared he would assume the powers of the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-young_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 April, he proposed a new national constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeopold2021141_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeopold2021141-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lukiiko" title="Lukiiko">Lukiiko</a> passed a resolution on 20 May demanding that Uganda's national government leave Buganda within the next ten days owing to its lack of compliance with the original constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthall197598_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthall197598-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-young_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutesa later wrote of the resolution, "We did not for a moment expect them to leave. The purpose was to bring a case against them for remaining, for we felt that if we could get the matter into court we were certain to win our case. Obote chose to see it as an ultimatum."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthall197598_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthall197598-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obote's government viewed the resolution as an act of rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-young_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When an army unit was dispatched to the <a href="/wiki/Lubiri_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubiri Palace">Lubiri Palace</a> to investigate an alleged weapons stockpile, Mutesa shot at the soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkoth199349_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkoth199349-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 May, Obote convened a meeting at the presidential lodge in Kampala which included the Minister of Defence, the Minister of Interior, and the Inspector General of Police. After discussion of the crisis, Obote declared that situation necessitated military involvement. Following the meeting, Obote telephoned Amin and requested that he report to the lodge. Once Amin arrived, Obote instructed him to launch an attack on Mutesa's palace the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Mengo_Hill">Battle of Mengo Hill</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battle of Mengo Hill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutesa_II_of_Buganda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Mutesa_II_of_Buganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="494" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Mutesa II, Kabaka of Buganda</figcaption></figure> <p>On 23 May, the Uganda Army cordoned off the Lubiri Palace and arrested three Bugandan chiefs who had strongly supported the Lukiko's 20 May resolution. Many Bugandans began rebelling against the central government. Early the following morning, the army attacked the Luburi Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-young_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The palace was defended by 120 guards armed with Lee–Enfield rifles, three carbines, six Sterling machine guns and six automatic rifles. The army's attack was slowed by rain. Concluding that they could not win, the guards, decided to help Mutesa flee. The king and 20 guards scaled palace wall, though Mutesa injured his back in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-kamebo_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kamebo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king's brother, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_David_Ssimbwa" title="Alexander David Ssimbwa">Prince Alexander David Ssimbwa</a> was captured at the palace and tortured by the Ugandad Army.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mutesa then hailed a passing taxi cab.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckRowe2005403_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckRowe2005403-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The driver took him to the <a href="/wiki/Rubaga_Cathedral" title="Rubaga Cathedral">Rubaga Cathedral</a>, where the priests (among them <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Wamala" title="Emmanuel Wamala">Emmanuel Wamala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Nsubuga" title="Emmanuel Nsubuga">Emmanuel Nsubuga</a>) were having breakfast. After he explained what had happened, they gave him clerical robes and arranged for a driver to take him to Busiro County.<sup id="cite_ref-kaggwa_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaggwa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volunteers carried over 200 bodies of fallen Baganda to the morgue, while the military buried uncounted numbers in mass graves.<sup id="cite_ref-time_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a> of neighbouring Tanzania, who supported Obote and disliked Mutesa, stationed a large force at the border to prevent the Baganda from regrouping there and launching a counter-attack.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obote went before Parliament and declared "There is nothing to regret. The oneness of Uganda must be assured."<sup id="cite_ref-time_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the army completely secured Kampala,<sup id="cite_ref-time_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unrest spread throughout the rest of Buganda. The central government issued an emergency decree and dispatched the army throughout the kingdom to restore order. Violence subsided over the following days.<sup id="cite_ref-young_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within a few days, the Kabaka and two of his bodyguards were able to cross the border to <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> and exile. After brief stays in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> he was given asylum in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> where he stayed until his death, under mysterious circumstances, in 1969. Various Baganda chiefs, members of the royal family and others thought loyal to the Kabaka, were imprisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lubiri_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubiri Palace">Lubiri Palace</a> was almost completely destroyed in the course of the fighting and the looting which followed. Historic artifacts and royal regalia were stolen and destroyed, including the <i>Mujaguzo</i> drums. This desecration caused immense psychological suffering for many Baganda who regarded the event as an apocalypse. Kabaka Mutesa II died in exile, but was allowed to be buried in Buganda by a new president, Idi Amin. Amin promoted the narrative of a <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> boy from the poor outskirts of the country taking on the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> leader of Uganda's dominant tribe. The mystique of this action granted him greater legitimacy at least in some sub-populations.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crisis led to lawsuits being brought against Obote's government. Members of the Mengo establishment that were jailed by the new regime sued for their release. Sir <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Udo_Udoma" title="Egbert Udo Udoma">Egbert Udo Udoma</a>, Chief Justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Uganda" title="Supreme Court of Uganda">Supreme Court</a>, granted it to them in his decision for <i><a href="/wiki/Uganda_v_Commissioner_of_Prisons,_Ex_Parte_Matovu" title="Uganda v Commissioner of Prisons, Ex Parte Matovu">Uganda v Commissioner of Prisons, Ex Parte Matovu</a></i>. When the Bugandan government petitioned the court to declare Obote's actions invalid, Udoma ruled that Obote had orchestrated a coup which, according to <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, was a legitimate means of assuming power. He thus declared that Obote's government was legal and that the new constitution was in force.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former cabinet ministers that had been arrested were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Karamoja" title="Karamoja">Karamoja</a> as per a colonial law, the Deportation Ordinance, that allowed for the detention and removal of "undesirable" persons. They subsequently petitioned the courts for a writ of <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i>. In <i>Grace Ibingira & Others v Uganda</i>, a Uganda High Court judge found the detention legal and denied the petition, but the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Court_of_Appeal" title="East African Court of Appeal">East African Court of Appeal</a> ruled that the ordinance violated a Ugandan citizen's constitutional right to freedom of movement and ordered a writ of <i>habeas corpus</i> to be granted. The ministers were released and then immediately rearrested outside the courthouse in Buganda under the colonial Emergency Regulations, and the government passed the Deportation Act to cover its actions. The ministers filed a new suit, but in a hearing the court affirmed the legality of the new law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOloka-Onyango201741–42_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOloka-Onyango201741–42-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cabinet ministers remained incarcerated until Amin released them following his seizure of power in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the crisis, Obote moved to increase his power by growing his appeal in the military through <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a>, particularly through increased defence expenditure in the 1966 budget. Soldiers who had served loyally during the crisis were rewarded for their fidelity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOmara-Otunnu198778–79_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOmara-Otunnu198778–79-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967 he introduced a third constitution which abolished all of Uganda's traditional kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkyeampongGates2012540_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkyeampongGates2012540-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Baganda collectively hold Obote responsible for the 1966 Crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199244_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199244-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also blame him for the disestablishment of the Buganda Kingdom and Mutesa's flight into exile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199260_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199260-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lubiri Palace was restored in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-kamebo_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kamebo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian Frank Schubert posited that Obote's takeover marked a key point in Ugandan history, saying, "It had become very clear that the military had become a central institution for solving internal political problems - and that political leaders like Obote would not shy away from using military force at whatever cost."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In a 2012 interview, Lumu stated that he had plotted with the ministers and several others to oust Obote, but that one of the conspirators had secretly recorded their conversations and tipped off Obote.<sup id="cite_ref-musoke_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musoke-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to one account, Obote had confronted Nadiope at his home in January 1966 and accused the vice president of plotting against him.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201341-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201341_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKasozi2013">Kasozi 2013</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199245-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199245_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMutibwa1992">Mutibwa 1992</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980179–181-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980179–181_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarugire1980">Karugire 1980</a>, pp. 179–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980182,_186-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980182,_186_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarugire1980">Karugire 1980</a>, pp. 182, 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980188-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980188_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarugire1980188_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarugire1980">Karugire 1980</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasozi201343–44-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasozi201343–44_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKasozi2013">Kasozi 2013</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Vol. 11, no. 8. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa+Report&rft.atitle=The+Obote+Revolution&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1966-06-01&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=M.+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2F610ab6ca3a1ff856966d640ab288e00e%2F1%3Fcbl%3D1820943%26pq-origsite%3Dgscholar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthall197598-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthall197598_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthall197598_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSouthall1975">Southall 1975</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkoth199349-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkoth199349_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOkoth1993">Okoth 1993</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapo2019" class="citation news cs1">Kapo, Nelson Bwire (9 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/06/09/part-2-obote-sends-amin-after-buganda-kabakas-palace-is-shelled-after-hours-of-fighting/">"Part 2: Obote sends Amin after Buganda; Kabaka's palace is shelled after hours of fighting"</a>. <i>NilePost</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NilePost&rft.atitle=Part+2%3A+Obote+sends+Amin+after+Buganda%3B+Kabaka%27s+palace+is+shelled+after+hours+of+fighting&rft.date=2019-06-09&rft.aulast=Kapo&rft.aufirst=Nelson+Bwire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnilepost.co.ug%2F2019%2F06%2F09%2Fpart-2-obote-sends-amin-after-buganda-kabakas-palace-is-shelled-after-hours-of-fighting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kamebo-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kamebo_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kamebo_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamebo2008" class="citation news cs1">Kamebo, Titus (23 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918091114/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/629604">"How Uganda and Buganda fell out"</a>. <i>New Vision</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/629604">the original</a> on 18 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Vision&rft.atitle=How+Uganda+and+Buganda+fell+out&rft.date=2008-05-23&rft.aulast=Kamebo&rft.aufirst=Titus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newvision.co.ug%2FD%2F8%2F12%2F629604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hicginewsagency.com/2014/11/06/prince-david-ssimbwa-passes-on-ri-p/">https://hicginewsagency.com/2014/11/06/prince-david-ssimbwa-passes-on-ri-p/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckRowe2005403-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckRowe2005403_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuckRowe2005">Tuck & Rowe 2005</a>, p. 403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1510952/mutesa-nyerere-friends">"Why Mutesa, Nyerere were not friends"</a>. <i>New Vision</i>. 20 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Vision&rft.atitle=Why+Mutesa%2C+Nyerere+were+not+friends&rft.date=2019-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newvision.co.ug%2Fnew_vision%2Fnews%2F1510952%2Fmutesa-nyerere-friends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugandaobserver.com/new/specials/prison/prison200706211.php">"We used to watch films in Luzira"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070722204552/http://www.ugandaobserver.com/new/specials/prison/prison200706211.php">Archived</a> July 22, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by George Herman Jjuuko Kkolokolo, <i>The Observer</i> (Uganda), June 15, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,3604,1020657,00.html">"Obituary:Idi Amin"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, August 18, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1305570/sir-udoma-judge-handled-1966-buganda-crisis">"Sir Udoma: The judge who handled the 1966 Buganda crisis case"</a>. <i>New Vision</i>. 24 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Vision&rft.atitle=Sir+Udoma%3A+The+judge+who+handled+the+1966+Buganda+crisis+case&rft.date=2012-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newvision.co.ug%2Fnew_vision%2Fnews%2F1305570%2Fsir-udoma-judge-handled-1966-buganda-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOloka-Onyango201741–42-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOloka-Onyango201741–42_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOloka-Onyango2017">Oloka-Onyango 2017</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Uganda-s-first-Health-Minister-dies/688334-5381986-nmesmk/index.html">"Uganda's first Health Minister dies"</a>. <i>Daily Monitor</i>. 11 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Monitor&rft.atitle=Uganda%27s+first+Health+Minister+dies&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monitor.co.ug%2FNews%2FNational%2FUganda-s-first-Health-Minister-dies%2F688334-5381986-nmesmk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOmara-Otunnu198778–79-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOmara-Otunnu198778–79_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOmara-Otunnu1987">Omara-Otunnu 1987</a>, pp. 78–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkyeampongGates2012540-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkyeampongGates2012540_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkyeampongGates2012">Akyeampong & Gates 2012</a>, p. 540.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199244-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199244_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMutibwa1992">Mutibwa 1992</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199260-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMutibwa199260_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMutibwa1992">Mutibwa 1992</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandner2015" class="citation web cs1">Sandner, Philipp (14 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/milton-obotes-lasting-legacy-to-uganda/a-19191275">"Milton Obote's lasting legacy to Uganda"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milton+Obote%27s+lasting+legacy+to+Uganda&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2015-05-14&rft.aulast=Sandner&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fmilton-obotes-lasting-legacy-to-uganda%2Fa-19191275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengo_Crisis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkyeampongGates2012" class="citation book cs1">Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2012). <i>Dictionary of African Biography</i>. Vol. 4. Oxford University Press USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195382075" title="Special:BookSources/9780195382075"><bdi>9780195382075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+African+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+USA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780195382075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngham1994" class="citation book cs1">Ingham, Kenneth (1994). <i>Obote : A political biography</i>. New York & London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415053426" title="Special:BookSources/9780415053426"><bdi>9780415053426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Obote+%3A+A+political+biography&rft.place=New+York+%26+London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780415053426&rft.aulast=Ingham&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJørgensen1981" class="citation book cs1">Jørgensen, Jan Jelmert (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09MNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA288"><i>Uganda: a modern history</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-643-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-643-0"><bdi>978-0-85664-643-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uganda%3A+a+modern+history&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-85664-643-0&rft.aulast=J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.aufirst=Jan+Jelmert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D09MNAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarugire1980" class="citation book cs1">Karugire, Samwiri Rubaraza (1980). <i>A Political History of Uganda</i>. Nairobi: Heinemann Educational Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780435945244" title="Special:BookSources/9780435945244"><bdi>9780435945244</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Political+History+of+Uganda&rft.place=Nairobi&rft.pub=Heinemann+Educational+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780435945244&rft.aulast=Karugire&rft.aufirst=Samwiri+Rubaraza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi2013" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi, A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4CLAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Bitter Bread of Exile. The Financial Problems of Sir Edward Mutesa II during his final exile, 1966 - 1969</i></a> (reprint ed.). Progressive Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789970464005" title="Special:BookSources/9789970464005"><bdi>9789970464005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bitter+Bread+of+Exile.+The+Financial+Problems+of+Sir+Edward+Mutesa+II+during+his+final+exile%2C+1966+-+1969&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Progressive+Publishing+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789970464005&rft.aulast=Kasozi&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4CLAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi1994" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi, A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BSpTgR9XrccC"><i>Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964-1985</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773564879" title="Special:BookSources/9780773564879"><bdi>9780773564879</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Origins+of+Violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964-1985&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780773564879&rft.aulast=Kasozi&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBSpTgR9XrccC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeopold2021" class="citation book cs1">Leopold, Mark (2021). <i>Idi Amin : The Story of Africa's Icon of Evil</i>. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26088-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26088-5"><bdi>978-0-300-26088-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idi+Amin+%3A+The+Story+of+Africa%27s+Icon+of+Evil&rft.place=New+Haven+%26+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-300-26088-5&rft.aulast=Leopold&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLow1971" class="citation book cs1">Low, Donald Anderson (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N28QWWLPYtcC"><i>Buganda in Modern History</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520016408" title="Special:BookSources/9780520016408"><bdi>9780520016408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buganda+in+Modern+History&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780520016408&rft.aulast=Low&rft.aufirst=Donald+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN28QWWLPYtcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMujaju1987" class="citation journal cs1">Mujaju, Akiiki B. (October 1987). "The Gold Allegations Motion and Political Development in Uganda". <i>African Affairs</i>. <b>86</b> (345): 479–504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a097945">10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097945</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/722666">722666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Gold+Allegations+Motion+and+Political+Development+in+Uganda&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=345&rft.pages=479-504&rft.date=1987-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a097945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F722666%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mujaju&rft.aufirst=Akiiki+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMutibwa1992" class="citation book cs1">Mutibwa, Phares Mukasa (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EkSP9XUIAKsC"><i>Uganda Since Independence: A Story of Unfulfilled Hopes</i></a>. Africa World Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865433571" title="Special:BookSources/9780865433571"><bdi>9780865433571</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uganda+Since+Independence%3A+A+Story+of+Unfulfilled+Hopes&rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780865433571&rft.aulast=Mutibwa&rft.aufirst=Phares+Mukasa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEkSP9XUIAKsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkoth1993" class="citation journal cs1">Okoth, P. G. (1993). "History of Military Intervention in Ugandan Politics". <i>Transafrican Journal of History</i>. <b>22</b>: 35–54. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24328635">24328635</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transafrican+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=History+of+Military+Intervention+in+Ugandan+Politics&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=35-54&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24328635%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Okoth&rft.aufirst=P.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOloka-Onyango2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Oloka-Onyango" title="Joe Oloka-Onyango">Oloka-Onyango, J.</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f1wpDwAAQBAJ"><i>When Courts Do Politics: Public Interest Law and Litigation in East Africa</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443864091" title="Special:BookSources/9781443864091"><bdi>9781443864091</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Courts+Do+Politics%3A+Public+Interest+Law+and+Litigation+in+East+Africa&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781443864091&rft.aulast=Oloka-Onyango&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df1wpDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmara-Otunnu1987" class="citation book cs1">Omara-Otunnu, Amii (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I9evCwAAQBAJ"><i>Politics and the Military in Uganda, 1890–1985</i></a>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-18738-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-18738-6"><bdi>978-1-349-18738-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+and+the+Military+in+Uganda%2C+1890%E2%80%931985&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-1-349-18738-6&rft.aulast=Omara-Otunnu&rft.aufirst=Amii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI9evCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_rise_and_fall_of_Grace_Ibingira1967" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/rise-and-fall-grace-ibingira-part-two">"The rise and fall of Grace Ibingira : Part Two"</a>. <i>The New African</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 24–27. March 1967. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0470-8504">0470-8504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+African&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Grace+Ibingira+%3A+Part+Two&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-27&rft.date=1967-03&rft.issn=0470-8504&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisa.ukzn.ac.za%2Frise-and-fall-grace-ibingira-part-two&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_La_Rue1966" class="citation journal cs1">De La Rue, Andre (December 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/rise-and-fall-grace-ibingira">"The rise and fall of Grace Ibingira"</a>. <i>The New African</i>. <b>5</b> (10): 207–208. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0470-8504">0470-8504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+African&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Grace+Ibingira&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=207-208&rft.date=1966-12&rft.issn=0470-8504&rft.aulast=De+La+Rue&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisa.ukzn.ac.za%2Frise-and-fall-grace-ibingira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouthall1975" class="citation journal cs1">Southall, Aidan (March 1975). "General Amin and the Coup: Great Man or Historical Inevitability?". <i>The Journal of Modern African Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 85–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X00025428">10.1017/S0022278X00025428</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/159698">159698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=General+Amin+and+the+Coup%3A+Great+Man+or+Historical+Inevitability%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=85-105&rft.date=1975-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X00025428&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F159698%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Southall&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckRowe2005" class="citation journal cs1">Tuck, Michael W.; Rowe, John A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/187896">"Phoenix from the Ashes: Rediscovery of the Lost Lukiiko Archives"</a>. <i>History in Africa</i>. <b>32</b>: 403–414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fhia.2005.0025">10.1353/hia.2005.0025</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1558-2744">1558-2744</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159468657">159468657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+in+Africa&rft.atitle=Phoenix+from+the+Ashes%3A+Rediscovery+of+the+Lost+Lukiiko+Archives&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=403-414&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159468657%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1558-2744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fhia.2005.0025&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft.au=Rowe%2C+John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F187896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMengo+Crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mengo_Crisis&params=0_18_6_N_32_33_58_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°18′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">32°33′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.30167°N 32.56611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.30167; 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62.046 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.05% 46.150 11 Template:Cite_book"," 4.68% 35.691 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.44% 33.844 1 Template:Inflation"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.421","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9077851,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAkyeampongGates2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_La_Rue1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngham1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJørgensen1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaggwa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamebo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapo2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarugire1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasozi1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasozi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeopold2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLow1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLubega2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMufumba2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMujaju1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusoke2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMutibwa1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOkoth1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOloka-Onyango2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOmara-Otunnu1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandner2015\"] 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