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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>関連項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-関連項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部リンク" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部リンク"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部リンク</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部リンク-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">宇宙カレンダー</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語27件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="アラビア語: تقويم كوني" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم كوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya_t%C9%99qviml%C9%99ri" title="アゼルバイジャン語: Astronomiya təqvimləri" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astronomiya təqvimləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="アゼルバイジャン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="ベンガル語: মহাজাগতিক বর্ষপঞ্জি" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাজাগতিক বর্ষপঞ্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ベンガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_c%C3%B2smic" title="カタロニア語: Calendari còsmic" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari còsmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blwyddyn_gosmig_(seryddiaeth)" title="ウェールズ語: Blwyddyn gosmig (seryddiaeth)" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Blwyddyn gosmig (seryddiaeth)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ウェールズ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Calendar" title="英語: Cosmic Calendar" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cosmic Calendar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_c%C3%B3smico" title="スペイン語: Calendario cósmico" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario cósmico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ペルシア語: تقویم کیهانی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تقویم کیهانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_cosmique_de_Carl_Sagan" title="フランス語: Calendrier cosmique de Carl Sagan" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier cosmique de Carl Sagan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="フランス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99" title="ヘブライ語: לוח שנה קוסמי" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוח שנה קוסמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ヘブライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Kosmik" title="インドネシア語: Kalender Kosmik" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender Kosmik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_cosmico" title="イタリア語: Calendario cosmico" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario cosmico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%8B%AC%EB%A0%A5" title="韓国語: 우주 달력" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주 달력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="マラヤーラム語: കോസ്മിക് കലണ്ടർ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോസ്മിക് കലണ്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="マラヤーラム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendar_Kosmos" title="マレー語: Kalendar Kosmos" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalendar Kosmos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="マレー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%A0%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ミャンマー語: မဟာစကြဝဠာ ပြက္ခဒိန်" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဟာစကြဝဠာ ပြက္ခဒိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ミャンマー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmische_kalender" title="オランダ語: Kosmische kalender" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kosmische kalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_Kosmiczny" title="ポーランド語: Kalendarz Kosmiczny" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz Kosmiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_c%C3%B3smico" title="ポルトガル語: Calendário cósmico" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário cósmico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_cosmic" title="ルーマニア語: Calendar cosmic" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendar cosmic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ルーマニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="ロシア語: Космический календарь" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космический календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmisk_kalender" title="スウェーデン語: Kosmisk kalender" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kosmisk kalender" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="スウェーデン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmik_Takvim" title="トルコ語: Kozmik Takvim" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kozmik Takvim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="トルコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="ウクライナ語: Космічний календар" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космічний календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ウルドゥー語: کونیاتی تقویم" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کونیاتی تقویم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ウルドゥー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E5%85%83/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC" title="ここにリンクしている全ウィキページの一覧 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>リンク元</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC" rel="nofollow" title="このページからリンクしているページの最近の更新 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>関連ページの更新状況</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ファイルをアップロードする [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ファイルをアップロード</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25AE%2587%25E5%25AE%2599%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2580%25E3%2583%25BC"><span>短縮URLを取得する</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25AE%2587%25E5%25AE%2599%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2580%25E3%2583%25BC"><span>QRコードをダウンロード</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 印刷/書き出し </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC"><span>ブックの新規作成</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF 形式でダウンロード</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&printable=yes" title="このページの印刷用ページ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>印刷用バージョン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 他のプロジェクト </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cosmic_calendars" hreflang="en"><span>コモンズ</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2316258" title="関連付けられたデータリポジトリ項目へのリンク [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ウィキデータ項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="表示"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">非表示</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"><p><b>宇宙カレンダー</b>（うちゅうカレンダー、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>:cosmic calendar）とは、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="宇宙の年表">宇宙の歴史</a>を分かりやすくするために138億年を一年に縮めたものである。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概要"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>概要</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 概要"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>このスケールでは1秒が約437.5年、1日が約3780万年となる<sup id="cite_ref-astrosocietyorg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astrosocietyorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>この取り組みは、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="カール・セーガン">カール・セーガン</a>の著作『<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dragons_of_Eden" class="extiw" title="en:The Dragons of Eden">The Dragons of Eden</a></i>』によって普及した<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。セーガンはさらに表面積の観点から比較を拡張し、宇宙カレンダーがサッカー場のサイズにスケーリングされた場合、「すべての人類の歴史は（彼の）手のサイズの領域を占める」と説明した<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3" title="ビッグバン">宇宙の始まり</a>を1月1日の午前0時とし、今現在を12月31日の午後12時とする。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ギャラリー"><span id=".E3.82.AE.E3.83.A3.E3.83.A9.E3.83.AA.E3.83.BC"></span>ギャラリー</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: ギャラリー"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Cosmic_Calendar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cosmic_Calendar.png/550px-Cosmic_Calendar.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cosmic_Calendar.png/825px-Cosmic_Calendar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cosmic_Calendar.png/1100px-Cosmic_Calendar.png 2x" data-file-width="4050" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>宇宙カレンダーのグラフィカルビュー。1年の月、12月の日、最後の1分が表示される。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Nature_Timespiral.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nature_Timespiral.png/450px-Nature_Timespiral.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nature_Timespiral.png/675px-Nature_Timespiral.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nature_Timespiral.png/900px-Nature_Timespiral.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2075" /></a><figcaption>ビッグバンから現在までの注目すべき出来事の要約を螺旋状に示す図。螺旋が90度回転するごとに10億年を示す。</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="カレンダー"><span id=".E3.82.AB.E3.83.AC.E3.83.B3.E3.83.80.E3.83.BC"></span>カレンダー</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: カレンダー"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生命誕生以前"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.91.BD.E8.AA.95.E7.94.9F.E4.BB.A5.E5.89.8D"></span>生命誕生以前</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="節を編集: 生命誕生以前"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>カレンダー上の日付 </th> <th>十億年前 </th> <th>出来事 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1月1日 </td> <td>13.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3" title="ビッグバン">ビッグバン</a>、宇宙のはじまり </td></tr> <tr> <td>1月14日 </td> <td>13.1 </td> <td>最古の <a href="/wiki/GRB_090423" title="GRB 090423">ガンマ線バースト</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1月22日 </td> <td>12.85 </td> <td>最初の銀河の誕生<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3月16日 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="銀河系">銀河系</a>の形成 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9月2日 </td> <td>4.57 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E3%81%A8%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="太陽系の形成と進化">太陽系の形成</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9月6日 </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td>最古の地球の石 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9月6日 </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td>地球上で知られている最古の岩 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人類誕生以前"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E9.A1.9E.E8.AA.95.E7.94.9F.E4.BB.A5.E5.89.8D"></span>人類誕生以前</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="節を編集: 人類誕生以前"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>カレンダー上の日付 </th> <th>十億年前 </th> <th>出来事 </th></tr> <tr> <td>9月14日 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>最古の生物（オーストラリア西部で発見）<sup id="cite_ref-AP-20151019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20151019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PNAS-20151014-pdf_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNAS-20151014-pdf-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9月21日 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%BD%93" title="原始生命体">原始生命</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原核生物">原核生物</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-NG-20131208_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-20131208-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP-20131113_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20131113-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AST-20131108_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AST-20131108-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9月30日 </td> <td>3.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="光合成">光合成</a>生物の出現 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10月29日 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td>酸素が大気へ放出されていく </td></tr> <tr> <td>11月9日 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月5日 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td>最古の <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多細胞生物">多細胞生物</a><sup id="cite_ref-PTRS-2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTRS-2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月14日 </td> <td>0.55 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E8%B6%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="節足動物">節足動物</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A2%E7%B6%B1" title="クモ綱">クモ</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%99%AB" title="昆虫">昆虫</a>の祖先) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月17日 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>最古の<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%A1%9E" title="魚類">魚類</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月20日 </td> <td>0.45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O-S%E5%A2%83%E7%95%8C" title="O-S境界">オルドビス紀末期の大量絶滅</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月21日 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E8%B6%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="節足動物">節足動物</a> と <a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>の上陸 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月22日 </td> <td>0.36 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A1%E7%94%9F%E9%A1%9E" title="両生類">両生類</a>の出現、 <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8F%E7%B5%B6%E6%BB%85" class="mw-redirect" title="デボン紀後期の大量絶滅">デボン紀後期の大量絶滅</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月23日 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E9%A1%9E" title="爬虫類">爬虫類</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月24日 </td> <td>0.25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P-T%E5%A2%83%E7%95%8C" title="P-T境界">ペルム紀末期の大量絶滅</a>; 57% の<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="科 (分類学)">科</a>と83% の<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="属 (分類学)">属</a>が絶滅 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月25日 </td> <td>0.23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E7%AB%9C" title="恐竜">恐竜</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月26日 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="哺乳類">哺乳類</a>; <a href="/wiki/T-J%E5%A2%83%E7%95%8C" title="T-J境界">三畳紀末期の大量絶滅</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月27日 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E" title="鳥類">鳥</a>(鳥類型恐竜) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月28日 </td> <td>0.13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" title="花">花</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月30日06:24 </td> <td>0.065 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K-Pg%E5%A2%83%E7%95%8C" title="K-Pg境界">白亜紀末期の大量絶滅</a>, アンモナイトと非鳥類型恐竜の絶滅<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="先史時代"><span id=".E5.85.88.E5.8F.B2.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%8F%B2%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="先史時代">先史時代</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="節を編集: 先史時代"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>カレンダー上の日付 </th> <th>百万年前 </th> <th>出来事 </th></tr> <tr> <td>12月30日 </td> <td>65 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="サル目">霊長類</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月31日, 06:05 </td> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E4%B8%8A%E7%A7%91" title="ヒト上科">ヒト上科</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>以下全て12月31日, 14:24 </td> <td>12.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E7%A7%91" title="ヒト科">ヒト科</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22:24 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E5%B1%9E" title="ヒト属">ヒト属</a> と <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8" title="オルドワン石器">石器</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:44 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E5%B1%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E7%81%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8" title="初期のヒト属による火の利用">火の利用</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:52 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ホモ・サピエンス">解剖学的現代人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:55 </td> <td>0.11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E6%B0%B7%E6%9C%9F" title="最終氷期">最終氷期</a>の始まり </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:58 </td> <td>0.035 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%8F%B2%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93" title="先史美術">壁画と彫刻</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:32 </td> <td>0.012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">農業</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歴史時代（有史以降）"><span id=".E6.AD.B4.E5.8F.B2.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3.EF.BC.88.E6.9C.89.E5.8F.B2.E4.BB.A5.E9.99.8D.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="歴史時代">歴史時代</a>（有史以降）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="節を編集: 歴史時代（有史以降）"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>カレンダー上の日付 </th> <th>千年前 </th> <th>出来事 </th></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:33 </td> <td>12.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E6%B0%B7%E6%9C%9F" title="最終氷期">最終氷期</a>の終わり </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:41 </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ドッガーランド">ドッガーランド</a>の水没 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:46 </td> <td>6.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="銅器時代">銅器時代</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:47 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="青銅器時代">初期青銅器時代</a>; 原文字 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:48 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E7%AC%AC1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="エジプト第1王朝">エジプト第一王朝</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sumer" class="extiw" title="en:History of Sumer">シュメール初期王朝時代</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="インダス文明">インダス文明</a>の始まり </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:49 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="アルファベット">アルファベット</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%89%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="アッカド帝国">アッカド帝国</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%AA" title="車輪">車輪</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:51 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="ハンムラビ法典">ハンムラビ法典</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E4%B8%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="エジプト中王国">エジプト中王国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:52 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D1200%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95" title="前1200年のカタストロフ">後期青銅器時代</a> から <a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E9%BB%92%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3_(%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2)" title="暗黒時代 (古代ギリシア)">初期鉄器時代</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A2%E5%99%B4%E7%81%AB" title="ミノア噴火">ミノア噴火</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:53 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%84%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鉄器時代">鉄器時代</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="古典古代">古典古代</a>の始まり </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:54 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%88%E8%BF%A6" title="釈迦">釈迦</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9" title="マハーヴィーラ">マハーヴィーラ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9" title="ザラスシュトラ">ゾロアスター</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6" title="秦">秦王朝</a>, 古典ギリシア, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="アショーカ王">アショーカ帝国</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80" title="ヴェーダ">ヴェーダ</a> の完成, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9" title="エウクレイデス">ユークリッド</a> の<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="幾何学">幾何学</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9" title="アルキメデス">アルキメデス</a> の<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E" title="共和政ローマ">共和制ローマ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:55 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E6%9C%9D" title="プトレマイオス朝">プトレマイオス</a> の<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="天文学">天文学</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="ローマ帝国">ローマ帝国</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="イエス・キリスト">イエス・キリスト</a>, <a href="/wiki/0" title="0">0</a>の発明, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%97%E3%82%BF%E6%9C%9D" title="グプタ朝">グプタ帝国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:56 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ">ムハンマド</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A4%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="マヤ文明">マヤ文明</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)" title="宋 (王朝)">宋王朝</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="東ローマ帝国">ビザンティン帝国</a>が栄える </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:58 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="モンゴル帝国">モンゴル帝国</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="マラーター王国">マラーター帝国</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="十字軍">十字軍</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%82%B9" title="クリストファー・コロンブス">クリストファー・コロンブス</a>が<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A6%8B" title="アメリカ大陸の発見">アメリカ大陸に到達</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91" title="ヨーロッパ">ヨーロッパ</a>での <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ルネサンス">ルネサンス</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%8F" title="ヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ">ヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ</a>のクラシック音楽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23:59:59 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3" title="近現代">近現代</a>; 最近の 437.5年 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>以下の式を利用した。 </p><p>T(日) = 365 days * 0.100/13.797 ( 1- T_10億年/13.797 ) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="節を編集: 脚注"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:auto; -webkit-column-count:auto; column-count:auto; -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: 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Mark et al. (19 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf">“Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon”</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</i> <b>112</b> (47): 14518–21. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PNAS..11214518B/abstract">2015PNAS..11214518B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1517557112">10.1073/pnas.1517557112</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101121245">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:var(--color-success,#3a3);margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/ja/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1091-6490">1091-6490</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (識別子)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4664351/">4664351</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r101121245"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (識別子)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26483481/">26483481</a><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span title="">2015年10月20日</span>閲覧。</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Potentially+biogenic+carbon+preserved+in+a+4.1+billion-year-old+zircon&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=Bell%2C%26%2332%3BElizabeth+A.&rft.au=Boehnike%2C%26%2332%3BPatrick&rft.au=Harrison%2C%26%2332%3BT.+Mark&rft.au=Mao%2C%26%2332%3BWendy+L.&rft.date=19+October+2015&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=14518%E2%80%9321&rft_id=info:bibcode/2015PNAS..11214518B&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1517557112&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft_id=info:pmc/4664351&rft_id=info:pmid/26483481&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2Fearly%2F2015%2F10%2F14%2F1517557112.full.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> Early edition, published online before print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NG-20131208-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NG-20131208_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Yoko Ohtomo; Takeshi Kakegawa; Akizumi Ishida; Toshiro Nagase; Minik T. Rosing (8 December 2013). “Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks”. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Geoscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Geoscience">Nature Geoscience</a></i> <b>7</b>: 25–28. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatGe...7...25O/abstract">2014NatGe...7...25O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fngeo2025">10.1038/ngeo2025</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+biogenic+graphite+in+early+Archaean+Isua+metasedimentary+rocks&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNature+Geoscience%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Yoko+Ohtomo&rft.au=Yoko+Ohtomo&rft.au=Takeshi+Kakegawa&rft.au=Akizumi+Ishida&rft.au=Toshiro+Nagase&rft.au=Minik+T.+Rosing&rft.date=8+December+2013&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=25%E2%80%9328&rft_id=info:bibcode/2014NatGe...7...25O&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fngeo2025&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-20131113-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AP-20131113_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation news">Borenstein, Seth (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html">“Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html">http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span title="">15 November 2013</span>閲覧。</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oldest+fossil+found%3A+Meet+your+microbial+mom&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BAP+News%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Borenstein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.au=Borenstein%2C%26%2332%3BSeth&rft.date=13+November+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapnews.excite.com%2Farticle%2F20131113%2FDAA1VSC01.html&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AST-20131108-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AST-20131108_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. 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B</a></i> <b>370</b> (20150036): 20150036. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2015.0036">10.1098/rstb.2015.0036</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (識別子)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4650120/">4650120</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r101121245"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (識別子)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26554036/">26554036</a><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4650120/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4650120/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Early+metazoan+life%3A+divergence%2C+environment+and+ecology&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BPhil.+Trans.+R.+Soc.+B%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Erwin&rft.aufirst=Douglas+H.&rft.au=Erwin%2C%26%2332%3BDouglas+H.&rft.date=9+November+2015&rft.volume=370&rft.issue=20150036&rft.pages=20150036&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frstb.2015.0036&rft_id=info:pmc/4650120&rft_id=info:pmid/26554036&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4650120%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311104905/http://www.hulu.com/watch/604551">Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey (@35min)</a>”. 2014年3月11日時点の<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hulu.com/watch/604551">オリジナル</a>よりアーカイブ。<span title="">2014年3月11日</span>閲覧。</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="節を編集: 関連項目"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ビッグヒストリー">ビッグヒストリー</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="年表一覧">年表一覧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D11%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E5%89%8D" title="紀元前11千年紀以前">紀元前11千年紀以前</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" 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