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<span>Ancestral domain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestral_domain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_Tagbanwa_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_Tagbanwa_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Indigenous Tagbanwa religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_Tagbanwa_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immortals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immortals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Immortals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immortals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Family structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts_and_crafts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts_and_crafts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Visual arts and crafts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts_and_crafts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.3</span> <span>Drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economic activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanwa" title="Tagbanwa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tagbanwa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanuwa" title="Tagbanuwa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tagbanuwa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_tagbanu%C3%A1" title="Pueblo tagbanuá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo tagbanuá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Tagbanwa" title="Suku Tagbanwa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Tagbanwa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanua" title="Tagbanua – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tagbanua" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Тагбануа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тагбануа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanwa" title="Tagbanwa – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tagbanwa" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanua" title="Tagbanua – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tagbanua" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Tagbanwa" title="Jolma Tagbanwa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Tagbanwa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_multilingual_support_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates">multilingual support templates</a> may also be used.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lang#Rationale" title="Template:Lang">See why</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Tagbanwa</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048894938">.mw-parser-output .script-tagbanwa{font-family:"Noto Sans Tagbanwa","Tagbanwa","Quivira",Code2000}</style><span class="script-tagbanwa">ᝦᝪᝯ</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coron_Island,_Palawan,_Philippines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coron_Island%2C_Palawan%2C_Philippines.jpg/330px-Coron_Island%2C_Palawan%2C_Philippines.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coron_Island%2C_Palawan%2C_Philippines.jpg/500px-Coron_Island%2C_Palawan%2C_Philippines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coron_Island%2C_Palawan%2C_Philippines.jpg/960px-Coron_Island%2C_Palawan%2C_Philippines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">The Tagbanwa people in <a href="/wiki/Coron,_Palawan" title="Coron, Palawan">Coron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>56,661</b> (2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Aborlan_Tagbanwa_language" title="Aborlan Tagbanwa language">Aborlan Tagbanwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagbanwa_people" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagbanwa people">Indigenous Tagbanwa Religion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">other <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_Palawan" title="Peoples of Palawan">ethnic groups of Palawan</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Tagbanwa people</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1048894938" /><span class="script-tagbanwa">ᝦᝪᝯ</span>) are an <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">indigenous people</a> and one of the oldest ethnic groups in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, mainly found in central and northern <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>. Research has shown that the Tagbanwa are possible descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Tabon_Man" title="Tabon Man">Tabon Man</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="archived version of following link does not cite scientific journals https://web.archive.org/web/20080129175506/https://pinoycentric.com/2007/07/06/tagbanua-tribe-how-do-we-preserve-tribal-cultures-and-alleviate-poverty-in-the-fourth-world/ (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, thus making them one of the original inhabitants of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-tag_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are a brown-skinned, slim, and straight-haired ethnic group.<sup id="cite_ref-camperspoint01_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camperspoint01-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two major classifications based on the geographical location where they can be found. <i><b>Central Tagbanwas</b></i> are found in the western and eastern coastal areas of central Palawan. They are concentrated in the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Aborlan,_Palawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aborlan, Palawan">Aborlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon,_Palawan" title="Quezon, Palawan">Quezon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Princesa City">Puerto Princesa</a>. <i><b>Calamian Tagbanwa</b></i>, on the other hand, are found in Baras coast, <a href="/wiki/Busuanga_Island" title="Busuanga Island">Busuanga Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coron_Island" title="Coron Island">Coron Island</a> and in some parts of <a href="/wiki/El_Nido,_Palawan" title="El Nido, Palawan"> El Nido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ptc_tribes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ptc_tribes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two Tagbanwa subgroups speak the same languages but different tone and pronunciation and do not exactly have the same customs. The Tagbanwa are believed to have descended from the Tabon Man, making them one of the original inhabitants of the Philippines. They have a long history of resistance against foreign invaders, from the Spanish colonial period to the American era. </p><p>They are known for their close relationship with nature, which is reflected in their beliefs and practices. They believe in a variety of spirits that inhabit the natural world, and they perform rituals to appease these spirits. </p><p>In terms of livelihood, the Tagbanwa are primarily fishermen, farmers, and gatherers. They are also skilled in weaving and pottery. </p><p>In spite of the challenges they face, such as <a href="/wiki/Land_grabbing" title="Land grabbing">land grabbing</a> and the encroachment of modernization, the Tagbanwa continue to preserve their culture and traditions. They are a testament to the rich cultural diversity of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-tag_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncip_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncip-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tagbanwa" title="Special:EditPage/Tagbanwa">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to folk history, the Tagbanwa had an early relationship with <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, with the first sultan of <b>Brunyu</b>, from the place called <b>Burnay</b>. </p><p>Formal history of the Tagbanwa tribe began in 1521 when Magellan's ships docked in Palawan for provisions. <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a>, Magellan's chronicler, recorded that the Tagbanwa practiced the ritual of <a href="/wiki/Blood_compact" title="Blood compact">blood compact</a>, cultivated their fields, hunted with blowpipes and thick wooden arrows, valued brass 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href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Demographics of<br />the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/500px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a></b></li> <li><b><a 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title="Filipino mestizo">Mestizos</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Until the latter part of the 17th century, southern Palawan was under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Brunei">Sultan of Brunei</a>, leading to friction between <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> and the Sultan. During this time, and for almost three hundred years, the Spaniards and the <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> of Sulu, Mindanao, Palawan, and north Borneo were at war. </p><p>In the 19th century, the Tagbanwa continued to believe in their native gods. Each year, a big feast is celebrated after each harvest to honor their deities. </p><p>When the Spanish regime ended and the Americans occupied the Philippines, some changes came to the island of Palawan, and to the Tagbanwa. In 1904, <a href="/wiki/Iwahig" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwahig">Iwahig</a> became the site of a <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a>, which displaced the Tagbanwa as it expanded. In 1910, the Americans put up a reservation for the Tagbanwa. In succeeding years, internal migration from the Visayan islands and from Luzon, the dominance of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian religion</a>, and the absorption of the island into economic and political mainstream marginalized the Tagbanwa people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestral_domain">Ancestral domain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancestral domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, the Tagbanwa of <a href="/wiki/Coron_Island" title="Coron Island">Coron Island</a> were awarded a Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) over more than 22,000 hectares of land and sea. CADT is the title to the land and the sea that have sustained the community for centuries. It gives the Tagbanwa the right to manage the area and preserve its rich marine and land resources.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Coron Island Ancestral Domain of the Tagbanwa people covers the two villages of Banuang Daan and Cabugao, and the neighboring Delian Island. The ancestral domain is currently ruled by HM Tribal Chieftain Rodolfo Aguilar I, assisted by his Council of Elders. </p><p>The Calamian Tagbanwa of Coron filed the first formal legal claim in the Philippines for their "ancestral waters".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initiative also became the first ancestral waters claim to be recognized by a government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2010, Tabganwas previously driven away from Calauit island were issued a CADT covering over 55,000 hectares in recognition of the communities' ancestral land and waters.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title covers the entire island and includes 50,000 hectares of ancestral waters surrounding the island.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa script</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guhit_kalingking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Guhit_kalingking.jpg/250px-Guhit_kalingking.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Guhit_kalingking.jpg/330px-Guhit_kalingking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Guhit_kalingking.jpg/500px-Guhit_kalingking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1053" /></a><figcaption>A sample of the Tagbanwa script at the <a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Palawan" class="extiw" title="bcl:Museo Palawan">Museo Palawan</a> (Museum of Palawan).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tagbanwa people have their own native languages (<a href="/wiki/Aborlan_Tagbanwa_language" title="Aborlan Tagbanwa language">Aborlan Tagbanwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">writing system</a>, however, they are also proficient in speaking the <a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano language</a> and several other dialects like Tandulanon, Silanganon, and Baras in each locality, while a significant number of them can comprehend <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, Batak, <a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a>, and Calawian languages.<sup id="cite_ref-ncip_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncip-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_Tagbanwa_religion">Indigenous Tagbanwa religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indigenous Tagbanwa religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagbanwa mythology">Tagbanwa mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_mythological_figures" title="List of Philippine mythological figures">List of Philippine mythological figures</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kayangan_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kayangan_Lake.jpg/250px-Kayangan_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kayangan_Lake.jpg/330px-Kayangan_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kayangan_Lake.jpg/500px-Kayangan_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kayangan_Lake" title="Kayangan Lake">Kayangan Lake</a> is considered a sacred place by the Tagbanwa people.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immortals">Immortals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Immortals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Mangindusa: Also referred as Nagabacaban, the highest-ranking deity who lives in Awan-awan, the region beyond the Langit; the god of the heavens and the punisher of crime;<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Art_1994_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Art_1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also referred as Magindusa, the deity who gives humans their true souls called the kyaraluwa at birth, through the nose of the baby emerging from the vulva; never descends from Awan awan; he is depicted as sitting and swinging back and forth in a bintayawan<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bugawasin: Wife of Mangindusa<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dibuwatanin: The messengers of Mangindusa<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tungkuyanin: Deity who sits on the edge of this sky-cover with his feet dangling into the universe; also sits looking down at the earth; if he were to raise his head and look up, he would fall into the nothingness<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Magrakad: A god found at exactly noontime on the other side of the sun; gives the warmth which sustains life and, when the people are ill, carries away sickness<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bangkay: Spirits of the cloud region called Dibuwat; spirits of the people who have been killed by violence, poison, or those who died in giving birth<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bulalakaw: Also called Diwata kat Dibuwat; they fly-travel throughout the cloud regions to help the people<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Polo: The benevolent god of the sea whose help is invoked during times of illness<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Art_1994_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Art_1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sedumunadoc: The god of the earth, whose favor is sought in order to have a good harvest<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Art_1994_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Art_1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tabiacoud: The god of the underworld in the deep bowels of the earth<sup id="cite_ref-Philippine_Art_1994_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_Art_1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diwata Kat Sidpan: A deity who lives in the western region called Sidpan;<sup id="cite_ref-Filipino_Heritage_1977_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filipino_Heritage_1977-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> controls the rains<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diwata Kat Libatan: A deity who lives in the eastern region called Babatan;<sup id="cite_ref-Filipino_Heritage_1977_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filipino_Heritage_1977-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> controls the rain<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tumangkuyun: Wash and keep clean the trunks of the two sacred cardinal trees in Sidpan and Babatan by using the blood of those who have died in epidemics; the blood he uses causes the colors of the sunrise and sunset<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Amyan: The hot, dry northeast winds<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diwata katamyan: Invoked when the wet period lasts too long and these Amyan hot-dry winds are needed<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Salakap: The spirits of epidemic sickness which arrive on earth through the northwest winds<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Taliyakud: Chief god of the underworld who tends a fire between two tree trunks; asks the souls of the dead questions, where the soul's louse acts as the conscience that answers the questions truthfully; if the soul is wicked, it is pitched and burned, but if it is good, it passes on to a happier place with abundant food<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diwata: General term for deities; they created the first man made from earth and gave him the elements of fire, the flint-like stones, iron, and tinder, as well as rice and most importantly, rice-wine, which humans could use to call the deities and the spirits of their dead<sup id="cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_structure">Family structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagbanua_hut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tagbanua_hut.jpg/250px-Tagbanua_hut.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tagbanua_hut.jpg/500px-Tagbanua_hut.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A typical Tagbanwa hut</figcaption></figure> <p>The basic <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">social unit</a> of the Tagbanwas is their <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a> composed of a married couple and their children. They are monogamous.<sup id="cite_ref-ncip_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncip-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They live in houses that are made up of bamboo and wood for a strong frame, anahaw leaves for roof and walls, and bamboo slats for the flooring. Tagbanwa live in compact villages of 45 to 500 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Families can either be free men or nobles, which, in the Southern tribes are known as Usba.<sup id="cite_ref-ncip_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncip-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts_and_crafts">Visual arts and crafts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Visual arts and crafts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional costumes of the Tagbanwa were fashioned from the bark of trees, particularly the salugin. The preparation of this bark was unique. After being felled, the tree would be cut around the trunk, the outer bark stripped off to expose the inner layer. A mallet would beat the layer, until it is soft enough to hang loose from the bole. This is washed and dried under the sun. In the past, menfolk wore simple loincloths, supported by a woven rattan waistband called ambalad, while women wore only brief wraparound skirts made from bark. The Tagbanua later adopt some articles of Muslim clothing. At present, while many Tagbanwa still wear their traditional apparel, western-type clothing has found its way among the people.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagbanua_weaver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tagbanua_weaver.jpg/250px-Tagbanua_weaver.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tagbanua_weaver.jpg/330px-Tagbanua_weaver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tagbanua_weaver.jpg/500px-Tagbanua_weaver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption>A Tagbanwa elder weaving a pandan mat.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the past, when both men and women wore their hair long, they filed and blackened their teeth, and carved earplugs from the hardwood bantilinaw. The Tagbanwa also carved wooden combs and bracelets. They strung bead necklaces to be used in covering women's necks. Anklets of copper and brass wire were also crafted and worn by women.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tagbanwa women wear bright body ornament and brightly colored clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-camperspoint01_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camperspoint01-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They dress just like the non-tribe lowlanders but some elder men prefer to use G-strings for comfort while tilling the field or going fishing.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baskets and woodcarvings are the more notable products of Tagbanwa artistic crafts today. They excel in the number of designs they apply to their tingkop (harvest basket). These baskets are made of blackened and natural bamboo, which makes the designs stand out. The cone-shaped type of basket is another fine example of Tagbanwa skilled artistry. Using black and natural color designs outside, the center of the cone has the bamboo strip skived slightly smaller, creating even holes for the screen. The funnel effect is accomplished through a close weaving of the bamboo strips towards the top.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The soft rice baskets, called bayong-bayong, are made with different unusual shapes. These have square bases and round tops. To produce interesting block and V-shapes, the plain buri sides superimposed with colored buri. Color is woven into the Tagbanwa basket with the used of dyed palm leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blackened woodcarvings of animals, with simple etched or incised features exposing the original white grain of the wood, are the most well known examples of Tagbanwa woodcarvings or sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the objects carved are mammanuk (rooster), a ritual bowl, kiruman (turtle), kararaga (a native bird), dugyan (a small ground animal), lizards, and wild pigs. Carved animals are used with rice, betel nut, and other offerings to attract the deities and spirit relatives in the pagdiwata rituals. The turtles, for instance, floats on grains of palay in an ancient Ming trade bowl. Others that are not used in rituals become toys for children.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music of the Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agung" title="Agung">Agung</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagbanua_musical_instrument_with_inscription_of_Tagbanua_characters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tagbanua_musical_instrument_with_inscription_of_Tagbanua_characters.jpg/250px-Tagbanua_musical_instrument_with_inscription_of_Tagbanua_characters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tagbanua_musical_instrument_with_inscription_of_Tagbanua_characters.jpg/330px-Tagbanua_musical_instrument_with_inscription_of_Tagbanua_characters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tagbanua_musical_instrument_with_inscription_of_Tagbanua_characters.jpg/500px-Tagbanua_musical_instrument_with_inscription_of_Tagbanua_characters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Tagbanwa musical instrument (<a href="/wiki/Tube_zither" title="Tube zither">tube zither</a>) made of bamboo inscribed with Tagbanwa script.</figcaption></figure> <p>Complementing the rich Tagbanwa rituals and social gatherings in the past was an assortment of musical instruments. These included the aruding or jaw harp; the babarak or nose flute; the tipanu or mouth flute; the pagang and tibuldu, two variations of the bamboo <a href="/wiki/Tube_zither" title="Tube zither">tube zithers</a>; the kudlung or boat lute; the gimbal or drum, whose top was made from the skin of the bayawak or monitor lizard; and the tiring, composed of lengths of bamboo with openings of various sizes producing different notes when struck with a stick. In addition, there were two generic types of gongs obtained from the shallow babandil. The mouth flute is still in use, and the gongs and drums are still played during rituals. Modern acoustic type guitar and the ukulele, which is fashioned from a half coconut shell, supplant the other instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dance">Dance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The known dances associated with the rituals are the following: abellano, also called soriano, a traditional dance performed by males; bugas-bugasan, a dance for all participants of a pagdiwata, after they have drunk the ceremonial tabad (rice wine); kalindapan, <a href="/wiki/Solo_dance" title="Solo dance">solo dance</a> by the female babaylan and her attendants; runsay, ritual dances performed by the villagers on the seashore, where bamboo rafts laden with food offering are floated for the gods; sarungkay, a healing dance by the main babaylan as she balances a sword on her head and waves ugsang or palm leaf strip; tugatak and tarindak, dances perform by the villagers who attend an inim or pagdiwata; tamigan, performed by male combatants using round winnowers or bilao to represent shields.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dancing accompanying the runsay, performed about midnight and lasting until daybreak, is possibly the most moving of all Tagbanwa dances, since it is a part of a sacred ritual that takes place only once a year, and is performed on the beach from where the ritual raft has been launched towards the sea world.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guests who attend the albarka ritual watch dances such as the busak-busak, the spider dance; batak ribid, a dance simulating the gathering of camote; bungalon, a showing off dance; bugsay-bugsay, a paddle dance using fans; segutset, a courtship dance; and tarek, a traditional dance. The andardi is a festival dance of the Tagbanwa in and around Aborlan, perform at social gatherings. When dancing during a festival, the performers are dressed in their costumes, and hold in each hand a dried palm leaf called palaspas. The music of the andardi is composed of one part of twelve measures, played or sung continuously throughout the dance. Drum or gongs accompanies the music and the song.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drama">Drama</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drama in Tagbanwa society is expressed in the mimetic dances imitating animals, such as busak-busak, and those showing occupations, such as batak ribid and bugsay-bugsay. But the most important mimetic forms are the rituals where the priestess is possessed by and plays the role of the deity to whom the offerings are being made.<sup id="cite_ref-tagbanua_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_activity">Economic activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economic activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagbanua_Puerto_Princesa_Aborlan_crafts_natives4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tagbanua_Puerto_Princesa_Aborlan_crafts_natives4.jpg/250px-Tagbanua_Puerto_Princesa_Aborlan_crafts_natives4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tagbanua_Puerto_Princesa_Aborlan_crafts_natives4.jpg/330px-Tagbanua_Puerto_Princesa_Aborlan_crafts_natives4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tagbanua_Puerto_Princesa_Aborlan_crafts_natives4.jpg/500px-Tagbanua_Puerto_Princesa_Aborlan_crafts_natives4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3966" data-file-height="2561" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aborlan" title="Aborlan">Aborlan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa" title="Puerto Princesa">Puerto Princesa</a> <a href="/wiki/Crafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Crafts">crafts</a></figcaption></figure> <p>They cultivate rice in swidden or kaingin field that is intercropped with sweet potato, corn, and cassava. Those in the coastal areas indulge in fishing and exchange it with agricultural products for consumption. They also gather forest products such as gum, rattan, and honey for cash. </p><p>The highest potential source of income for the Tagbanwa are handicrafts particularly woodworking, mat making and basketry, the raw materials for which are readily available to them.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pal_home_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pal_home-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing">"Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnicity+in+the+Philippines+%282020+Census+of+Population+and+Housing%29&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Fethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATagbanwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tag-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tag_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tag_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinoycentric.com/2007/07/06/tagbanua-tribe-how-do-we-preserve-tribal-cultures-and-alleviate-poverty-in-the-fourth-world/">The Tagbanua Tribe</a>. Accessed August 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-camperspoint01-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-camperspoint01_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-camperspoint01_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camperspoint.com/article.php3?id_article=207">Ethnic Minorities in the South: Tagbanua</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829223421/http://www.camperspoint.com/article.php3?id_article=207">Archived</a> 2008-08-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed August 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ptc_tribes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ptc_tribes_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palawan.ws/index.php/About-Palawan/Palawan-Culture.html">Palawan Tourism Council: Palawan Culture</a>. Accessed August 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncip-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ncip_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncip_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncip_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncip_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncip.gov.ph/ethno_groupdetail.php?id=90">National Commission on Indigenous People</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. Accessed August 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pcij.org/stories/1998/coron.html">PCIJ: Tagbanua Win First Ever Ancestral Waters Claim</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184244/http://pcij.org/stories/1998/coron.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed August 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZingapanDe_Vera1999" class="citation web cs1">Zingapan, Kail; De Vera, Dave (1999-03-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapad.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/coron_best_practice_paper.pdf">"Mapping the Ancestral Lands and Waters of the Calamian Tagbanwa of Coron, Northern Palawan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Participatory Avenues</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Participatory+Avenues&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Ancestral+Lands+and+Waters+of+the+Calamian+Tagbanwa+of+Coron%2C+Northern+Palawan&rft.date=1999-03-10&rft.aulast=Zingapan&rft.aufirst=Kail&rft.au=De+Vera%2C+Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapad.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F08%2Fcoron_best_practice_paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATagbanwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/case-coron-fisheries-final.pdf"><i>The Ancestral Lands and Waters of the Indigenous Tagbanwa Communities of Northern Palawan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancestral+Lands+and+Waters+of+the+Indigenous+Tagbanwa+Communities+of+Northern+Palawan&rft.pub=Asian+NGO+Coalition+for+Agrarian+Reform+and+Rural+Development&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angoc.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2Fcase-coron-fisheries-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATagbanwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/philippine-daily-inquirer-1109/20100306/281633891402947">"Tagbanuas banished by Marcos reclaim Calauit, their ancestral domain"</a>. <i>Press Reader</i>. 2010-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cultural Center of the Philippines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox,_R._B._1982-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox,_R._B._1982_11-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, R. B. (1982). Religion and Society Among the Tagbanuas of Palawan Island, Philippines. Manila: National Museum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Filipino_Heritage_1977-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Filipino_Heritage_1977_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filipino_Heritage_1977_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Filipino Heritage: The metal age in the Philippines (1977). Manila: Lahing Pilipino Pub.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, R. B. (1977). Tagbanua Heaven. Filipino Heritage, II.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thinkquest-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/C003235/palawan.html">Thinkquest: Palawan Islands</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207125309/http://library.thinkquest.org/C003235/palawan.html">Archived</a> 2008-12-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed August 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tagbanua-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tagbanua_15-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://litera1no4.tripod.com/tagbanua_frame.html">Tagabanua by Mark Joel Velasquez</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517114640/http://litera1no4.tripod.com/tagbanua_frame.html">Archived</a> 2008-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed August 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pal_home-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pal_home_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~maesteban/island_groups/luzon/region4b/palawan/palawanprofile.htm">Palawan Profile at Home.comcast.net</a>. Accessed August 28, 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanwa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tagbanua" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tagbanua">Tagbanua</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.thetagbanua.blogspot.com">http://www.thetagbanua.blogspot.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924124818/http://www.pioneerexpeditions.com/palawan.htm">Pioneer Expeditions website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinoycentric.com/2007/07/06/tagbanua-tribe-how-do-we-preserve-tribal-cultures-and-alleviate-poverty-in-the-fourth-world/">Adventure writer Antonio Graceffo writes about the Tagbanua Tribe in Puerto Princesa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://66.218.69.11/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=antonio+graceffo+tagbanua&fr=yfp-t-501&u=www.asiasentinel.com/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D580%26Itemid%3D31&w=antonio+graceffo+tagbanua&d=A0z1j-ljPKcO&icp=1&.intl=us/">Antonio Graceffo compares treatment of Tagbanua tribe to other tribes in Asia</a><sup class="noprint 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Palawan">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyunon_people" title="Cuyunon people">Cuyunon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Palawan#Palawano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribes of Palawan">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_people_(Philippines)" title="Batak people (Philippines)">Philippine Batak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tagbanua</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Philippine Flag"><img alt="The Philippine Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Aeta people">Aeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_people" title="Ati people">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot_people" title="Igorot people">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawes" class="mw-redirect" title="Itawes">Itawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangyan" title="Mangyan">Mangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_Palawan" title="Peoples of Palawan">Palawan indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suludnon_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Suludnon people">Suludnon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Philippine Flag"><img alt="The Philippine Flag" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicolano_people" title="Bicolano people">Bicolano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot" title="Bugkalot">Bugkalot</a> (Ilongot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyunon_people" title="Cuyunon people">Cuyunon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_people" title="Gaddang people">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_people" title="Ibanag people">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawes" class="mw-redirect" title="Itawes">Itawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_people" title="Kapampangan people">Kapampangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_people" title="Masbateño people">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_people" title="Pangasinan people">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_people" title="Romblomanon people">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_people" title="Sambal people">Sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_people" title="Aklanon people">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boholano_people" title="Boholano people">Boholano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_people" title="Capiznon people">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskaya_people" title="Eskaya people">Eskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_people" title="Hiligaynon people">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_people" title="Karay-a people">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Porohanon people">Porohanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_people" title="Waray people">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_people" title="Butuanon people">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_people" title="Kalagan people">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangirese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese people">Sangirese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_people" title="Surigaonon people">Surigaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboangue%C3%B1o_people" title="Zamboangueño people">Zamboangueño</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Moro20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banguingui_people" title="Banguingui people">Banguingui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaagan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaagan people">Kaagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_people" title="Iranun people">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_people" title="Maguindanao people">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_people" title="Maranao people">Maranao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Samal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taus%C5%ABg_people" title="Tausūg people">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakan_people" title="Yakan people">Yakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Highland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Igorot_people" title="Igorot people">Igorot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_people" title="Balangao people">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_people" title="Bontoc people">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_people" title="Ibaloi people">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_people" title="Ifugao people">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_people" title="Isnag people">Isneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_people" title="Kalinga people">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_people" title="Kankanaey people">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_people" title="Itneg people">Tinguian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_people" title="Blaan people">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad#Bukidnon" title="Lumad">Bukidnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamanwa">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manobo" title="Manobo">Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subanon_people" title="Subanon people">Subanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasaday" title="Tasaday">Tasaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teduray_people" 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