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rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/506"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 506: Oligochitosan Mitigates Vibrio harveyi Infection in Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus &amp;#9794; &amp;times; Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &amp;#9792;) by Modulating Immune Responses and Disease-Related Pathways</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/506</link> <description>Vibrio harveyi is an important pathogen causing enteritis in hybrid groupers. However, its effects on the intestinal microbiota and the regulatory effects of oligochitosan on Vibrio-infected groupers are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of infection with V. harveyi and oligochitosan administration on the growth performance, immune responses, and intestinal transcriptome profiles of hybrid groupers during a 60-day rearing period. Growth parameters were reduced in Vibrio-infected groupers, while oligochitosan improved the body weight. Biochemical analysis showed reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased lipid peroxidation in Vibrio-infected groupers, which were consequently improved by oligochitosan. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the disease-related and immune system pathways that significantly accumulated in the treatment groups. An evaluation of the immune response showed a significant down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant genes, and tight-junction proteins in Vibrio-infected groupers, which was partially restored by oligochitosan. Additionally, intestinal apoptosis, indicated by TUNEL signaling, was observed to significantly increase in Vibrio-infected groupers and was subsequently alleviated by oligochitosan supplementation. These results demonstrate the detrimental effects of V. harveyi infection on the growth and immune function of hybrid groupers and the potential of oligochitosan to attenuate these effects.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-11</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 506: Oligochitosan Mitigates Vibrio harveyi Infection in Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus &amp;#9794; &amp;times; Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &amp;#9792;) by Modulating Immune Responses and Disease-Related Pathways</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/506">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120506</a></p> <p>Authors: Fei Shi Lixin Ma Zhilong Chen Hao Zhao Cuiyun Zou Li Lin Zhendong Qin </p> <p>Vibrio harveyi is an important pathogen causing enteritis in hybrid groupers. However, its effects on the intestinal microbiota and the regulatory effects of oligochitosan on Vibrio-infected groupers are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of infection with V. harveyi and oligochitosan administration on the growth performance, immune responses, and intestinal transcriptome profiles of hybrid groupers during a 60-day rearing period. Growth parameters were reduced in Vibrio-infected groupers, while oligochitosan improved the body weight. Biochemical analysis showed reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased lipid peroxidation in Vibrio-infected groupers, which were consequently improved by oligochitosan. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the disease-related and immune system pathways that significantly accumulated in the treatment groups. An evaluation of the immune response showed a significant down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant genes, and tight-junction proteins in Vibrio-infected groupers, which was partially restored by oligochitosan. Additionally, intestinal apoptosis, indicated by TUNEL signaling, was observed to significantly increase in Vibrio-infected groupers and was subsequently alleviated by oligochitosan supplementation. These results demonstrate the detrimental effects of V. harveyi infection on the growth and immune function of hybrid groupers and the potential of oligochitosan to attenuate these effects.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Oligochitosan Mitigates Vibrio harveyi Infection in Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus &amp;amp;#9794; &amp;amp;times; Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &amp;amp;#9792;) by Modulating Immune Responses and Disease-Related Pathways</dc:title> <dc:creator>Fei Shi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lixin Ma</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhilong Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hao Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Cuiyun Zou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Li Lin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhendong Qin</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120506</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>506</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120506</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/506</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/507"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 507: Digestive Physiology, Nutrition and Feeding of Arapaima gigas: A Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/507</link> <description>The Arapaima gigas, a native fish species in the Amazon basin, presents particular biological and zootechnical characteristics, along with substantial economic value, that make it a promising candidate for its production within intensive aquaculture systems. To date, different studies have been conducted to (a) increase the understanding of its digestive physiology in relation to feeding habits, (b) determine its nutritional requirements at different developmental stages, (c) assess the potential use of alternative ingredients in diets, and (d) elucidate its feeding behavior patterns in captivity to improve feeding strategies. However, important gaps still remain in the available information related to the above-mentioned aspects that compromise the formulation of efficient and balanced aquafeeds used in the different production phases of this species. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding digestive physiology, nutritional requirements and feeding strategies of A. gigas with the main objective of identifying areas that require further research for application in developing suitable and sustainable feeds for the species.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-11</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 507: Digestive Physiology, Nutrition and Feeding of Arapaima gigas: A Review</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/507">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120507</a></p> <p>Authors: Alfredo Ruben Palomino Ramos Francisco Javier Moyano L贸pez </p> <p>The Arapaima gigas, a native fish species in the Amazon basin, presents particular biological and zootechnical characteristics, along with substantial economic value, that make it a promising candidate for its production within intensive aquaculture systems. To date, different studies have been conducted to (a) increase the understanding of its digestive physiology in relation to feeding habits, (b) determine its nutritional requirements at different developmental stages, (c) assess the potential use of alternative ingredients in diets, and (d) elucidate its feeding behavior patterns in captivity to improve feeding strategies. However, important gaps still remain in the available information related to the above-mentioned aspects that compromise the formulation of efficient and balanced aquafeeds used in the different production phases of this species. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding digestive physiology, nutritional requirements and feeding strategies of A. gigas with the main objective of identifying areas that require further research for application in developing suitable and sustainable feeds for the species.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Digestive Physiology, Nutrition and Feeding of Arapaima gigas: A Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Alfredo Ruben Palomino Ramos</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Francisco Javier Moyano L贸pez</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120507</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>507</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120507</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/507</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/505"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 505: Economic Analysis of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Production Under Different Solar Energy Alternatives in a Commercial Biofloc System in Colombia</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/505</link> <description>The study investigates the economic aspects of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) production using biofloc technology under different electrical energy sources. Conducted at the El Vergel Fish Farming Association in Arauca, Colombia, the study examines four energy treatments: conventional energy (CE), combined conventional and photovoltaic energy (CPVE), full photovoltaic energy (PVE), and simulation of photovoltaic energy generating surplus for nighttime use (PVES). The water quality and zootechnical performance met the species requirements, with dissolved oxygen decreasing as fish size increased. The PVE treatment had the highest initial investment due to solar panels and battery costs, but it also had the lowest operating energy costs. However, the overall costs of the PVE treatment increased due to depreciation and maintenance. Feed was the largest production cost, followed by labor in most treatments, while depreciation was a major cost for the PVE treatment. The total operating cost (TOC) of the photovoltaic energy systems (PVE and PVES) was lower compared to that of conventional energy (CE), with PVES showing the highest cost savings. The reduction in energy costs highlights the potential for solar energy systems to enhance the economic viability of aquaculture production, making these systems a favorable option for sustainable production in the long term.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-11</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 505: Economic Analysis of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Production Under Different Solar Energy Alternatives in a Commercial Biofloc System in Colombia</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/505">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120505</a></p> <p>Authors: Daniel Leonardo Cala-Delgado Jesa铆as Ismael da Costa Fabiana Garcia </p> <p>The study investigates the economic aspects of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) production using biofloc technology under different electrical energy sources. Conducted at the El Vergel Fish Farming Association in Arauca, Colombia, the study examines four energy treatments: conventional energy (CE), combined conventional and photovoltaic energy (CPVE), full photovoltaic energy (PVE), and simulation of photovoltaic energy generating surplus for nighttime use (PVES). The water quality and zootechnical performance met the species requirements, with dissolved oxygen decreasing as fish size increased. The PVE treatment had the highest initial investment due to solar panels and battery costs, but it also had the lowest operating energy costs. However, the overall costs of the PVE treatment increased due to depreciation and maintenance. Feed was the largest production cost, followed by labor in most treatments, while depreciation was a major cost for the PVE treatment. The total operating cost (TOC) of the photovoltaic energy systems (PVE and PVES) was lower compared to that of conventional energy (CE), with PVES showing the highest cost savings. The reduction in energy costs highlights the potential for solar energy systems to enhance the economic viability of aquaculture production, making these systems a favorable option for sustainable production in the long term.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Economic Analysis of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Production Under Different Solar Energy Alternatives in a Commercial Biofloc System in Colombia</dc:title> <dc:creator>Daniel Leonardo Cala-Delgado</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jesa铆as Ismael da Costa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fabiana Garcia</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120505</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>505</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120505</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/505</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/504"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 504: Effects of Suwari Suppression and Enzyme Inhibitors on Water Holding Capacity of Alaska Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Surimi Gel and Its Improvement by Modified Grinding Method</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/504</link> <description>The processes before heating in surimi gel production, such as grinding and molding, are performed below 10 &amp;amp;deg;C to prevent unintentional protein gelation (suwari or setting) catalyzed by endogenous transglutaminase. Adding transglutaminase and protease inhibitors contributes to obtaining surimi gel with superior breaking properties after suwari suppression. However, the impact of suwari suppression and enzyme inhibitors on the water holding capacity (WHC) of surimi gel remains unclear. This study investigated changes in the WHC of surimi gel during long-term suwari suppression by adding enzyme inhibitors at 25 &amp;amp;deg;C and clarified its mechanism. The expressible drip of samples with EGTA, a transglutaminase inhibitor, increased with heating time at 25 &amp;amp;deg;C to 12.3% owing to proteolysis. The use of N-ethylmaleimide and E-64, cysteine protease inhibitors, further increased the expressible drip of samples (18.9&amp;amp;ndash;19.4%) because of protein conformational changes which were observed by DSC analysis and salt solubility measurement. However, this increase was inhibited by a modified grinding method where NaCl was mixed with surimi before adding enzyme inhibitors. This modified method prevented the reduction in protein salt solubility due to protein conformational changes, thereby maintaining WHC in surimi gel with suwari suppression.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-10</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 504: Effects of Suwari Suppression and Enzyme Inhibitors on Water Holding Capacity of Alaska Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Surimi Gel and Its Improvement by Modified Grinding Method</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/504">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120504</a></p> <p>Authors: Yusa Nakamura Kigen Takahashi </p> <p>The processes before heating in surimi gel production, such as grinding and molding, are performed below 10 &amp;amp;deg;C to prevent unintentional protein gelation (suwari or setting) catalyzed by endogenous transglutaminase. Adding transglutaminase and protease inhibitors contributes to obtaining surimi gel with superior breaking properties after suwari suppression. However, the impact of suwari suppression and enzyme inhibitors on the water holding capacity (WHC) of surimi gel remains unclear. This study investigated changes in the WHC of surimi gel during long-term suwari suppression by adding enzyme inhibitors at 25 &amp;amp;deg;C and clarified its mechanism. The expressible drip of samples with EGTA, a transglutaminase inhibitor, increased with heating time at 25 &amp;amp;deg;C to 12.3% owing to proteolysis. The use of N-ethylmaleimide and E-64, cysteine protease inhibitors, further increased the expressible drip of samples (18.9&amp;amp;ndash;19.4%) because of protein conformational changes which were observed by DSC analysis and salt solubility measurement. However, this increase was inhibited by a modified grinding method where NaCl was mixed with surimi before adding enzyme inhibitors. This modified method prevented the reduction in protein salt solubility due to protein conformational changes, thereby maintaining WHC in surimi gel with suwari suppression.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Suwari Suppression and Enzyme Inhibitors on Water Holding Capacity of Alaska Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Surimi Gel and Its Improvement by Modified Grinding Method</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yusa Nakamura</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kigen Takahashi</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120504</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-10</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-10</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>504</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120504</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/504</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/503"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 503: Effects of Blending Curcuma longa Hydrolate and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Growth and Health of Nile Tilapia</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/503</link> <description>In the present study, Curcuma longa (CL) hydrolate and the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) were provided as dietary supplements to Nile tilapia. One hundred ninety-two juvenile tilapias (2.25 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.14 g and 4.5 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.10 cm) were distributed in sixteen experimental units, and four experimental groups were established: CL [CUR]: fish fed a diet supplemented with CL hydrolate at 2.5%; probiotic [PRO]: a diet supplemented with LP; LP + CL [COMB]: diet supplemented with the LP strain cultivated in media supplemented with 2.5% CL hydrolate; and control [CTRL]: diet without supplementation. After 70 days, the final average weight was significantly greater in the PRO group (33.26 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.12 g) than in the CTRL and CUR groups, whereas the specific growth rate was significantly greater in the PRO and COMB groups than in the CTRL and CUR groups. Feed conversion decreased significantly in the PRO group (1.03 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.11). Dietary supplementation did not change the body composition of tilapia. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were greater in the PRO treatment than in the CTRL group. Compared with those in the CTRL group, total serum protein was significantly increased in the PRO group. Immunoglobulins were higher in the COMB and PRO groups. In the experimental challenge, all the fish in the treated groups presented lower cumulative mortality rates. The combination of LP and CL improved the growth parameters of Nile tilapia.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-10</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 503: Effects of Blending Curcuma longa Hydrolate and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Growth and Health of Nile Tilapia</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/503">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120503</a></p> <p>Authors: Adolfo Jatob谩 Marina de Oliveira Pereira Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus Scheila Anelise Pereira Dutra Jos茅 Luiz Pedreira Mouri帽o Marco Shizuo Owatari Delano Dias Schleder </p> <p>In the present study, Curcuma longa (CL) hydrolate and the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) were provided as dietary supplements to Nile tilapia. One hundred ninety-two juvenile tilapias (2.25 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.14 g and 4.5 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.10 cm) were distributed in sixteen experimental units, and four experimental groups were established: CL [CUR]: fish fed a diet supplemented with CL hydrolate at 2.5%; probiotic [PRO]: a diet supplemented with LP; LP + CL [COMB]: diet supplemented with the LP strain cultivated in media supplemented with 2.5% CL hydrolate; and control [CTRL]: diet without supplementation. After 70 days, the final average weight was significantly greater in the PRO group (33.26 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.12 g) than in the CTRL and CUR groups, whereas the specific growth rate was significantly greater in the PRO and COMB groups than in the CTRL and CUR groups. Feed conversion decreased significantly in the PRO group (1.03 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.11). Dietary supplementation did not change the body composition of tilapia. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were greater in the PRO treatment than in the CTRL group. Compared with those in the CTRL group, total serum protein was significantly increased in the PRO group. Immunoglobulins were higher in the COMB and PRO groups. In the experimental challenge, all the fish in the treated groups presented lower cumulative mortality rates. The combination of LP and CL improved the growth parameters of Nile tilapia.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Blending Curcuma longa Hydrolate and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Growth and Health of Nile Tilapia</dc:title> <dc:creator>Adolfo Jatob谩</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marina de Oliveira Pereira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Scheila Anelise Pereira Dutra</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jos茅 Luiz Pedreira Mouri帽o</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marco Shizuo Owatari</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Delano Dias Schleder</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120503</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-10</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-10</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>503</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120503</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/503</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/502"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 502: Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Juveniles</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/502</link> <description>To investigate the effects of subacute ammonia nitrogen stress on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama ambrycyphala), a sample of fish (average body weight 6.55 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.24 g) was divided into three groups: a control group (G1), a 10% LC50 ammonia nitrogen stress group (G2), and a 20% LC50 ammonia nitrogen stress group (G3). The fish in G1 were reared in tap water with aeration. The fish in G2 were reared in water with 6.82 mg/L ammonium chloride at 10% LC50. The fish in G3 were reared in water with 13.64 mg/L ammonium chloride at 20% LC50. The feeding period was 4 weeks. Then, the growth, antioxidant, and immune response parameters of the fish were analyzed. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the ammonia nitrogen solution for blunt snout bream juveniles at 96 h was 68.18 mg/L. The final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate (SGR), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), albumin, globulin, acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05); however, the MDA content of fish in the control group was significantly lower than that of those in the stress groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of the GHRa, GHRb, IGF1, and IGF2 genes in the muscles of fish in the stress groups were significantly downregulated compared to the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The relative expression levels of the SOD, CAT, Leap1, and Leap2 genes in the liver of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than those in fish in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, subacute ammonia nitrogen stress inhibited growth performance and decreased the antioxidant capacity and immunity of blunt snout bream.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-08</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 502: Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Juveniles</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/502">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120502</a></p> <p>Authors: Xiangyang Yuan Qian Wang Mengyang Dai Xinyu Xiong Hengjie Wang Canli Wang </p> <p>To investigate the effects of subacute ammonia nitrogen stress on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama ambrycyphala), a sample of fish (average body weight 6.55 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.24 g) was divided into three groups: a control group (G1), a 10% LC50 ammonia nitrogen stress group (G2), and a 20% LC50 ammonia nitrogen stress group (G3). The fish in G1 were reared in tap water with aeration. The fish in G2 were reared in water with 6.82 mg/L ammonium chloride at 10% LC50. The fish in G3 were reared in water with 13.64 mg/L ammonium chloride at 20% LC50. The feeding period was 4 weeks. Then, the growth, antioxidant, and immune response parameters of the fish were analyzed. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the ammonia nitrogen solution for blunt snout bream juveniles at 96 h was 68.18 mg/L. The final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate (SGR), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), albumin, globulin, acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05); however, the MDA content of fish in the control group was significantly lower than that of those in the stress groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of the GHRa, GHRb, IGF1, and IGF2 genes in the muscles of fish in the stress groups were significantly downregulated compared to the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The relative expression levels of the SOD, CAT, Leap1, and Leap2 genes in the liver of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than those in fish in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, subacute ammonia nitrogen stress inhibited growth performance and decreased the antioxidant capacity and immunity of blunt snout bream.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Juveniles</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xiangyang Yuan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qian Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mengyang Dai</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xinyu Xiong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hengjie Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Canli Wang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120502</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-08</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-08</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>502</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120502</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/502</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/501"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 501: Dietary Iodine Can Effectively Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Fermented Rapeseed Meal on the Growth, Liver Health, and Antioxidant Capacity of Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/501</link> <description>An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fermented rapeseed meal (FRM), potassium iodide, and their interactions on growth performance, approximate composition, and antioxidant capacity in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (initial body weight: 3.50 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.15 g). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets from a 2 &amp;amp;times; 3 factorial design were formulated with two levels of FRM (25.8 and 51.6%) and three levels of potassium iodide (0, 6, and 12 mg/kg), respectively. The results indicated that dietary levels of FRM and iodine had no significant influence on the SR of tilapia but exerted significant effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index. The WG, SGR, and FI of tilapia in the 51.6% FRM groups were significantly lower than those in other groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), and iodine inclusion in the 51.6% FRM diet significantly enhanced WG, SGR, and FI of tilapia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Dietary iodine significantly increased the whole-body and muscle lipid content in the tilapia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The content of total bilirubin (T-Bil) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the tilapia serum were significantly reduced by the inclusion of 6&amp;amp;ndash;12 mg/kg iodine in 51.6% FRM level (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), and the serum total triiodothyronine content was significantly elevated by the supplementation of 12 mg/kg iodine (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Significant interactions between dietary FRM and iodine were found in serum T-Bil content and triglyceride and AST activity (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation of iodine in high FRM diets (51.6%) significantly increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of tilapia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The activity of T-SOD, CAT, and T-AOC and the content of MDA in the liver of tilapia significantly interacted with the levels of dietary FRM and iodine (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the liver cell structure was further ameliorated, and the liver health status was significantly enhanced in each iodine treatment group.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-08</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 501: Dietary Iodine Can Effectively Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Fermented Rapeseed Meal on the Growth, Liver Health, and Antioxidant Capacity of Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/501">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120501</a></p> <p>Authors: Di Peng Ya-Xue Li Li-Xue Dong Ke Cheng Hua Wen Juan Tian Jian-Min Zhang Yang-Yang Liu Wei-Hua Gao Yong Min Ming-Dian Liu Ming Jiang </p> <p>An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fermented rapeseed meal (FRM), potassium iodide, and their interactions on growth performance, approximate composition, and antioxidant capacity in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (initial body weight: 3.50 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.15 g). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets from a 2 &amp;amp;times; 3 factorial design were formulated with two levels of FRM (25.8 and 51.6%) and three levels of potassium iodide (0, 6, and 12 mg/kg), respectively. The results indicated that dietary levels of FRM and iodine had no significant influence on the SR of tilapia but exerted significant effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index. The WG, SGR, and FI of tilapia in the 51.6% FRM groups were significantly lower than those in other groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), and iodine inclusion in the 51.6% FRM diet significantly enhanced WG, SGR, and FI of tilapia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Dietary iodine significantly increased the whole-body and muscle lipid content in the tilapia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The content of total bilirubin (T-Bil) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the tilapia serum were significantly reduced by the inclusion of 6&amp;amp;ndash;12 mg/kg iodine in 51.6% FRM level (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), and the serum total triiodothyronine content was significantly elevated by the supplementation of 12 mg/kg iodine (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Significant interactions between dietary FRM and iodine were found in serum T-Bil content and triglyceride and AST activity (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation of iodine in high FRM diets (51.6%) significantly increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of tilapia (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The activity of T-SOD, CAT, and T-AOC and the content of MDA in the liver of tilapia significantly interacted with the levels of dietary FRM and iodine (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the liver cell structure was further ameliorated, and the liver health status was significantly enhanced in each iodine treatment group.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Dietary Iodine Can Effectively Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Fermented Rapeseed Meal on the Growth, Liver Health, and Antioxidant Capacity of Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Di Peng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ya-Xue Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Li-Xue Dong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ke Cheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hua Wen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan Tian</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jian-Min Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yang-Yang Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wei-Hua Gao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yong Min</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ming-Dian Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ming Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120501</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-08</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-08</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>501</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120501</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/501</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/500"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 500: Toward Classification of Fish Meat Using Fluorescence Excitation&amp;ndash;Emission Matrix and Multivariate Statistics</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/500</link> <description>Frequent intentional mislabeling of particular fish and fish products, such as the sale of frozen and thawed fish instead of fresh fish, occurs on all continents. Therefore, two studies were conducted to classify fish meat using excitation&amp;amp;ndash;emission matrix (EEM) nondestructively. The first study assessed EEM for differentiation between fresh and frozen&amp;amp;ndash;thawed spotted mackerel fillets. Fresh fillets were yielded with different post-mortem freshness variations (ice storage for 0&amp;amp;ndash;40 h). The right-side fillets were used as fresh fillets, whereas the left-side fillets were frozen and stored at &amp;amp;minus;30 &amp;amp;deg;C for three months, then thawed at 4 &amp;amp;deg;C. Subsequently, EEM acquisition and chemical analyses were performed. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) of EEM spectra showed clear discrimination between fresh and frozen&amp;amp;ndash;thawed meat of fish fillet. In the second study, post-mortem freshness variations in four fish species (horse mackerel, spotted mackerel, cod, and flounder) were simulated by ice storage (0&amp;amp;ndash;48 h) and subsequent freezing. PCA of the EEM demonstrated a clear distinction among the fish meat categories, which was also revealed from the freshness data of chemical analysis. Results show that this novel method can be used to monitor fishery product authenticity.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 500: Toward Classification of Fish Meat Using Fluorescence Excitation&amp;ndash;Emission Matrix and Multivariate Statistics</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/500">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120500</a></p> <p>Authors: Md. Mizanur Rahman Mario Shibata Mst. Nazira Akhter Rithu Emiko Okazaki </p> <p>Frequent intentional mislabeling of particular fish and fish products, such as the sale of frozen and thawed fish instead of fresh fish, occurs on all continents. Therefore, two studies were conducted to classify fish meat using excitation&amp;amp;ndash;emission matrix (EEM) nondestructively. The first study assessed EEM for differentiation between fresh and frozen&amp;amp;ndash;thawed spotted mackerel fillets. Fresh fillets were yielded with different post-mortem freshness variations (ice storage for 0&amp;amp;ndash;40 h). The right-side fillets were used as fresh fillets, whereas the left-side fillets were frozen and stored at &amp;amp;minus;30 &amp;amp;deg;C for three months, then thawed at 4 &amp;amp;deg;C. Subsequently, EEM acquisition and chemical analyses were performed. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) of EEM spectra showed clear discrimination between fresh and frozen&amp;amp;ndash;thawed meat of fish fillet. In the second study, post-mortem freshness variations in four fish species (horse mackerel, spotted mackerel, cod, and flounder) were simulated by ice storage (0&amp;amp;ndash;48 h) and subsequent freezing. PCA of the EEM demonstrated a clear distinction among the fish meat categories, which was also revealed from the freshness data of chemical analysis. Results show that this novel method can be used to monitor fishery product authenticity.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Toward Classification of Fish Meat Using Fluorescence Excitation&amp;amp;ndash;Emission Matrix and Multivariate Statistics</dc:title> <dc:creator>Md. Mizanur Rahman</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mario Shibata</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mst. Nazira Akhter Rithu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Emiko Okazaki</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120500</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>500</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120500</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/500</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/499"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 499: Rowing Against the Tide: The Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) Leaves DNA Footprints Along Its Invasion Route in South American Rivers</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/499</link> <description>The invasion of the golden mussel has resulted in considerable environmental and socioeconomic alterations, which present a considerable threat to the native biodiversity and sustainability of the region. Understanding the distribution and biological characteristics of this Asian mussel, as well as its interaction with human activities, is of the utmost importance to developing effective strategies for mitigating and preventing its further spread. This study examines the dispersal route and incidence of golden mussels, tracing their movement from initial populations in Argentina to their arrival in the S&amp;amp;atilde;o Francisco River Basin (SFR). The presence of the mussel was confirmed through an integrative assessment that included shell taxonomic analyses and mitochondrial DNA signatures. This assessment identified populations located 7.5 km from the river&amp;amp;rsquo;s mouth, close to the Atlantic Ocean, in areas such as shrimp farms, artisanal ports, and marinas. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed the presence of South-American-specific and shared ancestral haplotypes in the SFR, Grande River, and Argentina. These findings indicate that intracontinental colonization toward the northeast region of South America originated from Asian populations that entered South America via Argentina. The absence of Asian-specific signatures in the SFR, combined with a geomorphological structure unsuitable for large ports or transoceanic vessels, supports the hypothesis of the intracontinental dispersal of Limnoperna fortunei.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-06</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 499: Rowing Against the Tide: The Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) Leaves DNA Footprints Along Its Invasion Route in South American Rivers</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/499">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120499</a></p> <p>Authors: Augusto Luiz Ferreira Renato Luiz Bot Neto Vanessa Mar铆n-Ruiz Leonardo Rosa Mara Cristina Almeida Patr铆cia Dammski Borges de Andrade Susete Wambier Christo Roberto Ferreira Artoni </p> <p>The invasion of the golden mussel has resulted in considerable environmental and socioeconomic alterations, which present a considerable threat to the native biodiversity and sustainability of the region. Understanding the distribution and biological characteristics of this Asian mussel, as well as its interaction with human activities, is of the utmost importance to developing effective strategies for mitigating and preventing its further spread. This study examines the dispersal route and incidence of golden mussels, tracing their movement from initial populations in Argentina to their arrival in the S&amp;amp;atilde;o Francisco River Basin (SFR). The presence of the mussel was confirmed through an integrative assessment that included shell taxonomic analyses and mitochondrial DNA signatures. This assessment identified populations located 7.5 km from the river&amp;amp;rsquo;s mouth, close to the Atlantic Ocean, in areas such as shrimp farms, artisanal ports, and marinas. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed the presence of South-American-specific and shared ancestral haplotypes in the SFR, Grande River, and Argentina. These findings indicate that intracontinental colonization toward the northeast region of South America originated from Asian populations that entered South America via Argentina. The absence of Asian-specific signatures in the SFR, combined with a geomorphological structure unsuitable for large ports or transoceanic vessels, supports the hypothesis of the intracontinental dispersal of Limnoperna fortunei.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Rowing Against the Tide: The Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) Leaves DNA Footprints Along Its Invasion Route in South American Rivers</dc:title> <dc:creator>Augusto Luiz Ferreira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Renato Luiz Bot Neto</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vanessa Mar铆n-Ruiz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Leonardo Rosa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mara Cristina Almeida</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Patr铆cia Dammski Borges de Andrade</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Susete Wambier Christo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Roberto Ferreira Artoni</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120499</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-06</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-06</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>499</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120499</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/499</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/498"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 498: Physiological Function Disturbances and Adaptive Responses in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Different Salinity Stresses</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/498</link> <description>The physiological functions of aquatic organisms are closely linked to changes in environmental salinity. High-salinity environments can disrupt energy metabolism, induce inflammation, and negatively impact normal growth and development. However, aquatic organisms possess self-regulatory mechanisms that can mitigate these impacts to some extent. This study aimed to investigate the adaptive regulatory processes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to high-salinity environments by evaluating metabolic enzyme activities and levels of inflammatory markers. The increased levels of IL-1&amp;amp;beta; and elevated ACP activity suggested that high-salinity conditions (15 and 30 ppt) induced intestinal inflammation. Concurrently, the elevated activities of SOD and GSH, along with decreased SDH activity, pointed to heightened oxidative stress in the brain and a reduced mitochondrial energy supply. Additionally, the adaptive features of intestinal energy metabolism under high-salinity conditions were evident, with adjustments in HK and PK activities mitigating the effects of suppressed PFK activity. Moreover, elevated lipase (LPS) activity in muscle tissue under salinity stress indicated that fat is mobilized to supply energy for muscle activity without affecting muscle protein. In conclusion, salinity stress triggered inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Nile tilapia, yet the fish exhibited self-regulatory processes in energy metabolism. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of aquatic organisms in stressful environments.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-03</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 498: Physiological Function Disturbances and Adaptive Responses in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Different Salinity Stresses</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/498">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120498</a></p> <p>Authors: Ping Li Tengzhou Li Shaoying Xing Ling Liu Zhi-Hua Li </p> <p>The physiological functions of aquatic organisms are closely linked to changes in environmental salinity. High-salinity environments can disrupt energy metabolism, induce inflammation, and negatively impact normal growth and development. However, aquatic organisms possess self-regulatory mechanisms that can mitigate these impacts to some extent. This study aimed to investigate the adaptive regulatory processes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to high-salinity environments by evaluating metabolic enzyme activities and levels of inflammatory markers. The increased levels of IL-1&amp;amp;beta; and elevated ACP activity suggested that high-salinity conditions (15 and 30 ppt) induced intestinal inflammation. Concurrently, the elevated activities of SOD and GSH, along with decreased SDH activity, pointed to heightened oxidative stress in the brain and a reduced mitochondrial energy supply. Additionally, the adaptive features of intestinal energy metabolism under high-salinity conditions were evident, with adjustments in HK and PK activities mitigating the effects of suppressed PFK activity. Moreover, elevated lipase (LPS) activity in muscle tissue under salinity stress indicated that fat is mobilized to supply energy for muscle activity without affecting muscle protein. In conclusion, salinity stress triggered inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Nile tilapia, yet the fish exhibited self-regulatory processes in energy metabolism. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of aquatic organisms in stressful environments.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Physiological Function Disturbances and Adaptive Responses in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Different Salinity Stresses</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ping Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tengzhou Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shaoying Xing</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ling Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhi-Hua Li</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120498</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>498</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120498</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/498</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/497"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 497: Spawning Potential Ratio Can Provide Reference Points for Fishery Management That Are Robust to Environmental Variability</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/497</link> <description>Biological reference points are key quantities provided by stock assessments and used in fishery management for evaluating fishery status and setting future catch levels. For many fisheries worldwide, biological reference points are based on the spawning potential ratio (SPR), which measures per-recruit reproductive output as a function of the fishing rate relative to that when fishing is absent. SPR depends on the biological characteristics of the stock, which in turn can be influenced by the environment. A fishing rate based on SPR is often used as a proxy for the fishing rate that provides maximum sustainable yield. Here, we evaluate variability in the fishing rate (F40) that provides an SPR of 40%, a commonly used limit reference point, given plausible variability in biological characteristics. Using eight case-study species from marine waters off the southeast United States, we consider both simple random variability and directional variability, both of which might result from climate change. We test the sensitivity of F40 to various life-history traits and compute distributions of F40, given the expected variability in those traits. Based on those distributions, we evaluate the probabilities of overfishing given a target fishing rate (here, 75%F40) that is based on prevailing conditions without considering future variability in F40, consistent with common, current practice. Analyses also considered an SPR of 30% and 50% to evaluate the generality of conclusions. Results support that SPR-reference points are generally robust to plausible levels of variability in life-history traits that might be induced by environmental nonstationarity and that associated target fishing rates can provide meaningful buffers to prevent overfishing.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-03</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 497: Spawning Potential Ratio Can Provide Reference Points for Fishery Management That Are Robust to Environmental Variability</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/497">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120497</a></p> <p>Authors: Kyle W. Shertzer Matthew D. Damiano Erik H. Williams </p> <p>Biological reference points are key quantities provided by stock assessments and used in fishery management for evaluating fishery status and setting future catch levels. For many fisheries worldwide, biological reference points are based on the spawning potential ratio (SPR), which measures per-recruit reproductive output as a function of the fishing rate relative to that when fishing is absent. SPR depends on the biological characteristics of the stock, which in turn can be influenced by the environment. A fishing rate based on SPR is often used as a proxy for the fishing rate that provides maximum sustainable yield. Here, we evaluate variability in the fishing rate (F40) that provides an SPR of 40%, a commonly used limit reference point, given plausible variability in biological characteristics. Using eight case-study species from marine waters off the southeast United States, we consider both simple random variability and directional variability, both of which might result from climate change. We test the sensitivity of F40 to various life-history traits and compute distributions of F40, given the expected variability in those traits. Based on those distributions, we evaluate the probabilities of overfishing given a target fishing rate (here, 75%F40) that is based on prevailing conditions without considering future variability in F40, consistent with common, current practice. Analyses also considered an SPR of 30% and 50% to evaluate the generality of conclusions. Results support that SPR-reference points are generally robust to plausible levels of variability in life-history traits that might be induced by environmental nonstationarity and that associated target fishing rates can provide meaningful buffers to prevent overfishing.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Spawning Potential Ratio Can Provide Reference Points for Fishery Management That Are Robust to Environmental Variability</dc:title> <dc:creator>Kyle W. Shertzer</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Matthew D. Damiano</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Erik H. Williams</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120497</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>497</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120497</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/497</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/496"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 496: Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on the Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity, and Non-Specific Immunity of Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/496</link> <description>To investigate the dietary effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity, and non-specific immunity of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) during the domestication stage, a 28-day feeding experiment was conducted to supplement with CGA at levels of 0 (Cont.), 250 (CGA 0.50%), 500 (CGA 1.00%), and 750 (CGA 1.50%) mg/kg&amp;amp;middot;bw by feeding with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Compared with the control group, the addition of 250&amp;amp;ndash;750 mg/kg of CGA significantly increased the weight-gain rate (WG) of M. albus, and the CGA 1.0% group displayed the highest value. The content of hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein in all CGA groups was markedly elevated (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), while the triglyceride, glucose, low-density lipoprotein, and glycosylated serum protein levels were lowered (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Among the antioxidant enzymes, the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity was significantly higher in all experimental groups than that of the control group, whereas the malondialdehyde activity was significantly reduced (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). For a non-specific immune enzyme system, the lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity in all treatments and the superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase activity in the CGA 0.5% group was markedly increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with CGA can enhance the growth performance and improve the lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and non-specific immunity of M. albus during the domestication stage, and the optimal CGA supplementation for T. molitor as biocarrier bait is 500 mg/kg, corresponding to 405 mg/kg.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-03</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 496: Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on the Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity, and Non-Specific Immunity of Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/496">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120496</a></p> <p>Authors: Hang Yang Chengcheng Wu Quan Yuan Weiwei Lv Junqiang Qiu Mingyou Li Qinghua Zhang Wenzong Zhou </p> <p>To investigate the dietary effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity, and non-specific immunity of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) during the domestication stage, a 28-day feeding experiment was conducted to supplement with CGA at levels of 0 (Cont.), 250 (CGA 0.50%), 500 (CGA 1.00%), and 750 (CGA 1.50%) mg/kg&amp;amp;middot;bw by feeding with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Compared with the control group, the addition of 250&amp;amp;ndash;750 mg/kg of CGA significantly increased the weight-gain rate (WG) of M. albus, and the CGA 1.0% group displayed the highest value. The content of hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein in all CGA groups was markedly elevated (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), while the triglyceride, glucose, low-density lipoprotein, and glycosylated serum protein levels were lowered (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Among the antioxidant enzymes, the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity was significantly higher in all experimental groups than that of the control group, whereas the malondialdehyde activity was significantly reduced (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). For a non-specific immune enzyme system, the lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity in all treatments and the superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase activity in the CGA 0.5% group was markedly increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with CGA can enhance the growth performance and improve the lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and non-specific immunity of M. albus during the domestication stage, and the optimal CGA supplementation for T. molitor as biocarrier bait is 500 mg/kg, corresponding to 405 mg/kg.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on the Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity, and Non-Specific Immunity of Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Hang Yang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chengcheng Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Quan Yuan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Weiwei Lv</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Junqiang Qiu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mingyou Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qinghua Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wenzong Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120496</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>496</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120496</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/496</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/495"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 495: Hepatic Gene Expression Changes of Zebrafish Fed Yeast Prebiotic, Yeast Probiotic, Black Soldier Fly Meal, and Butyrate</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/495</link> <description>As global fish consumption rises, improving fish health through immunomodulatory feed ingredients shows promise while also supporting growth performance. This study investigated the effects of yeast prebiotics, probiotics, a postbiotic (butyrate), and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on fish immune responses. Zebrafish were fed diets containing these ingredients for 63 days and then exposed to either Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or live Flavobacterium psychrophilum to assess hepatic candidate gene expression and weight gain. No mortalities were observed post-immune challenges, and weight gains were not significantly different across treatments. Liver samples were collected for mRNA analysis, and real-time qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of immune-related genes such as TNF-&amp;amp;alpha;, IL-1&amp;amp;beta;, hepcidin, and NF-&amp;amp;kappa;B/p65. NF-&amp;amp;kappa;B/p65 was upregulated in response to immune challenges, indicating a reaction to both LPS and pathogen exposure. Fish on the BSFL diet showed decreased NF-&amp;amp;kappa;B/p65 expression after the pathogen challenge, while probiotic-fed fish had reduced angiopoietin-like 4 (angptl4) levels following LPS exposure. Butyrate supplementation had the most significant impact, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune-related genes, suggesting a protective effect. These findings support the health benefits of BSFL and sodium butyrate during an immune challenge.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-02</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 495: Hepatic Gene Expression Changes of Zebrafish Fed Yeast Prebiotic, Yeast Probiotic, Black Soldier Fly Meal, and Butyrate</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/495">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120495</a></p> <p>Authors: Nancy Gao Junyu Zhang Umesh K. Shandilya John S. Lumsden Amir Behzad Barzrgar David Huyben Niel A. Karrow </p> <p>As global fish consumption rises, improving fish health through immunomodulatory feed ingredients shows promise while also supporting growth performance. This study investigated the effects of yeast prebiotics, probiotics, a postbiotic (butyrate), and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on fish immune responses. Zebrafish were fed diets containing these ingredients for 63 days and then exposed to either Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or live Flavobacterium psychrophilum to assess hepatic candidate gene expression and weight gain. No mortalities were observed post-immune challenges, and weight gains were not significantly different across treatments. Liver samples were collected for mRNA analysis, and real-time qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of immune-related genes such as TNF-&amp;amp;alpha;, IL-1&amp;amp;beta;, hepcidin, and NF-&amp;amp;kappa;B/p65. NF-&amp;amp;kappa;B/p65 was upregulated in response to immune challenges, indicating a reaction to both LPS and pathogen exposure. Fish on the BSFL diet showed decreased NF-&amp;amp;kappa;B/p65 expression after the pathogen challenge, while probiotic-fed fish had reduced angiopoietin-like 4 (angptl4) levels following LPS exposure. Butyrate supplementation had the most significant impact, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune-related genes, suggesting a protective effect. These findings support the health benefits of BSFL and sodium butyrate during an immune challenge.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Hepatic Gene Expression Changes of Zebrafish Fed Yeast Prebiotic, Yeast Probiotic, Black Soldier Fly Meal, and Butyrate</dc:title> <dc:creator>Nancy Gao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Junyu Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Umesh K. Shandilya</dc:creator> <dc:creator>John S. Lumsden</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Amir Behzad Barzrgar</dc:creator> <dc:creator>David Huyben</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Niel A. Karrow</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120495</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-02</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-02</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>495</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120495</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/495</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/494"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 494: It&amp;rsquo;s Time for Dinner, a Particular and Seasonal Feeding Habit of a Threatened Troglobitic Catfish from Brazil, Rhamdiopsis krugi Bockmann &amp;amp; Castro 2010 (Ostaryophysi, Siluriformes)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/494</link> <description>Rhamdiopsis krugi is a highly specialized troglobitic (exclusively subterranean) catfish endemic to the phreatic water bodies of twelve caves located within two separated metasedimentary basins in the region of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state, Brazil. This species is included in the List of Endangered Fauna of Brazil, under the Vulnerable category&amp;amp;mdash;VU. In general, troglobites have different strategies for searching for food and reproductive partners, as well as unique behaviors. Knowledge of the reproductive periods, as well as its feeding habits, provides fundamental data for effective protection and species conservation. Biological aspects related to feeding habits and reproduction of R. krugi were addressed across six annual cycles, considering both dry and rainy seasons. For this, stomach content analysis, using the frequency of occurrence and volumetric index methods, as well as observation of the sex ratio and stage of maturation of the gonads were carried out for 148 individuals of R. krugi sampled in eight caves in Chapada Diamantina. Stomach volumes correlated with reproduction aspects across the dry and rainy seasons. These populations showed opportunistic carnivorous feeding habits, consuming both autochthonous and allochthonous items, with a preference for foraging in submerged guano deposits, which demonstrates the catfish&amp;amp;rsquo;s strong dependence on bats. Regarding sex ratios, there was no marked seasonality; however, in rainy seasons, there was a higher proportion of maturing females, showing a reproductive tendency. During these periods, there was also a significantly higher number of stomachs with contents, showing seasonality in the diet. Specialized diet and dependence on rainy periods, especially in diet, corroborate the fragility of R. krugi, especially considering the changes in rainfall regimes in Brazil, with dry seasons exceeding eight months per year in the last ten years.</description> <pubDate>2024-12-02</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 494: It&amp;rsquo;s Time for Dinner, a Particular and Seasonal Feeding Habit of a Threatened Troglobitic Catfish from Brazil, Rhamdiopsis krugi Bockmann &amp;amp; Castro 2010 (Ostaryophysi, Siluriformes)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/494">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120494</a></p> <p>Authors: Maria E. Bichuette </p> <p>Rhamdiopsis krugi is a highly specialized troglobitic (exclusively subterranean) catfish endemic to the phreatic water bodies of twelve caves located within two separated metasedimentary basins in the region of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state, Brazil. This species is included in the List of Endangered Fauna of Brazil, under the Vulnerable category&amp;amp;mdash;VU. In general, troglobites have different strategies for searching for food and reproductive partners, as well as unique behaviors. Knowledge of the reproductive periods, as well as its feeding habits, provides fundamental data for effective protection and species conservation. Biological aspects related to feeding habits and reproduction of R. krugi were addressed across six annual cycles, considering both dry and rainy seasons. For this, stomach content analysis, using the frequency of occurrence and volumetric index methods, as well as observation of the sex ratio and stage of maturation of the gonads were carried out for 148 individuals of R. krugi sampled in eight caves in Chapada Diamantina. Stomach volumes correlated with reproduction aspects across the dry and rainy seasons. These populations showed opportunistic carnivorous feeding habits, consuming both autochthonous and allochthonous items, with a preference for foraging in submerged guano deposits, which demonstrates the catfish&amp;amp;rsquo;s strong dependence on bats. Regarding sex ratios, there was no marked seasonality; however, in rainy seasons, there was a higher proportion of maturing females, showing a reproductive tendency. During these periods, there was also a significantly higher number of stomachs with contents, showing seasonality in the diet. Specialized diet and dependence on rainy periods, especially in diet, corroborate the fragility of R. krugi, especially considering the changes in rainfall regimes in Brazil, with dry seasons exceeding eight months per year in the last ten years.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>It&amp;amp;rsquo;s Time for Dinner, a Particular and Seasonal Feeding Habit of a Threatened Troglobitic Catfish from Brazil, Rhamdiopsis krugi Bockmann &amp;amp;amp; Castro 2010 (Ostaryophysi, Siluriformes)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Maria E. Bichuette</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120494</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-12-02</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-12-02</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>494</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120494</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/494</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/493"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 493: The Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol Effect on the Immune System and Oxidative Stress Response of the SHK-1 Cell Line of Salmo salar</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/493</link> <description>The aquaculture industry in Chile, as in the rest of the world, has rapidly grown, becoming a crucial economic sector. However, diseases pose a major threat, causing significant economic losses and environmental impacts. Various antimicrobials, particularly Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol, are used to combat these diseases, which has boosted production and mitigated economic losses. However, excessive antibiotic use has led to pathogen resistance, necessitating higher doses. This overuse can cause side effects in fish, including liver damage and immunosuppression. This study aimed to determine the impact of multiple doses of florfenicol and oxytetracycline on the SHK-11 cell line of Salmo salar by analyzing the expression of genes related to innate immunity and oxidative stress by qRT-PCR in addition to the quantification of immune system proteins via dot blot. The experimental treatments were the following: cells were stimulated with different concentrations of oxytetracycline (0.25, 0.5, and 1.5 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL) and florfenicol (1, 10, and 20 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL) for time kinetics of 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. For both cases, controls consisting of cells without antibiotics were included. The expression of the immune system genes was mostly inhibited compared to the control. However, it was observed that TLR-1 and MyD88 present a joint activation pattern at different times and concentrations for both antibiotics. Regarding the expression of CAT and GPx, transcripts were increased in the early stages of stimulation with oxytetracycline and florfenicol, followed by a subsequent decrease in gene expression. This study provides relevant information to understand the effect of antibiotics at the cellular level in one of the most important species for global aquaculture, the Atlantic salmon.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 493: The Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol Effect on the Immune System and Oxidative Stress Response of the SHK-1 Cell Line of Salmo salar</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/493">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120493</a></p> <p>Authors: Luis Vargas-Chacoff Daniela Figueroa Daniela Nualart Jos茅 Luis Mu帽oz </p> <p>The aquaculture industry in Chile, as in the rest of the world, has rapidly grown, becoming a crucial economic sector. However, diseases pose a major threat, causing significant economic losses and environmental impacts. Various antimicrobials, particularly Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol, are used to combat these diseases, which has boosted production and mitigated economic losses. However, excessive antibiotic use has led to pathogen resistance, necessitating higher doses. This overuse can cause side effects in fish, including liver damage and immunosuppression. This study aimed to determine the impact of multiple doses of florfenicol and oxytetracycline on the SHK-11 cell line of Salmo salar by analyzing the expression of genes related to innate immunity and oxidative stress by qRT-PCR in addition to the quantification of immune system proteins via dot blot. The experimental treatments were the following: cells were stimulated with different concentrations of oxytetracycline (0.25, 0.5, and 1.5 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL) and florfenicol (1, 10, and 20 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL) for time kinetics of 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. For both cases, controls consisting of cells without antibiotics were included. The expression of the immune system genes was mostly inhibited compared to the control. However, it was observed that TLR-1 and MyD88 present a joint activation pattern at different times and concentrations for both antibiotics. Regarding the expression of CAT and GPx, transcripts were increased in the early stages of stimulation with oxytetracycline and florfenicol, followed by a subsequent decrease in gene expression. This study provides relevant information to understand the effect of antibiotics at the cellular level in one of the most important species for global aquaculture, the Atlantic salmon.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol Effect on the Immune System and Oxidative Stress Response of the SHK-1 Cell Line of Salmo salar</dc:title> <dc:creator>Luis Vargas-Chacoff</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniela Figueroa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniela Nualart</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jos茅 Luis Mu帽oz</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120493</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>493</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120493</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/493</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/491"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 491: Selection of Reference Genes by Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Different Cell Lines from Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/491</link> <description>Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is an economically important fish, but the increasing density of its farming has led to more severe disease outbreaks. To address this challenge, we established brain (CAB) and kidney (CAK) cell lines in our laboratory previously, providing a valuable tool for in vitro studies on immune responses. In this study, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to identify the optimal reference gene from six reference genes for CAB and CAK cells, under both normal conditions and after stimulation with LPS or Poly I: C. The qRT-PCR data were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper software (Version 3.5) to ensure comprehensve evaluation. The results showed that RPL13 was the most stable reference gene for both CAB and CAK cells under normal conditions. Following LPS stimulation, TTLL1 was the best reference gene for CAB cells, while RPL13 remained the most suitable for CAK cells. For Poly I: C stimulation, EF1A and Actin were identified as the most stable reference genes for CAB and CAK cells, respectively. To confirm the reliability of the selected reference genes, we analyzed the expression of the cytokine genes IL-6 and IFN-h, demonstrating the dependability of these reference genes. This study lays a solid foundation for exploring gene expression patterns in humpback grouper cell lines under various experimental conditions, providing essential insights for future research into immune processes and disease control strategies in aquaculture.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 491: Selection of Reference Genes by Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Different Cell Lines from Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/491">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120491</a></p> <p>Authors: Xiangyu Du Han Zhang Longfei Zhu Zhenjie Cao Chen Zhang Ying Wu Yongcan Zhou Yun Sun </p> <p>Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is an economically important fish, but the increasing density of its farming has led to more severe disease outbreaks. To address this challenge, we established brain (CAB) and kidney (CAK) cell lines in our laboratory previously, providing a valuable tool for in vitro studies on immune responses. In this study, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to identify the optimal reference gene from six reference genes for CAB and CAK cells, under both normal conditions and after stimulation with LPS or Poly I: C. The qRT-PCR data were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper software (Version 3.5) to ensure comprehensve evaluation. The results showed that RPL13 was the most stable reference gene for both CAB and CAK cells under normal conditions. Following LPS stimulation, TTLL1 was the best reference gene for CAB cells, while RPL13 remained the most suitable for CAK cells. For Poly I: C stimulation, EF1A and Actin were identified as the most stable reference genes for CAB and CAK cells, respectively. To confirm the reliability of the selected reference genes, we analyzed the expression of the cytokine genes IL-6 and IFN-h, demonstrating the dependability of these reference genes. This study lays a solid foundation for exploring gene expression patterns in humpback grouper cell lines under various experimental conditions, providing essential insights for future research into immune processes and disease control strategies in aquaculture.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Selection of Reference Genes by Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Different Cell Lines from Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xiangyu Du</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Han Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Longfei Zhu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhenjie Cao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chen Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ying Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yongcan Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yun Sun</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120491</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>491</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120491</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/491</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/492"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 492: Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Fish Resources in a Typical River&amp;ndash;Lake Confluence Ecosystem During the Initial Period of Fishing Ban</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/492</link> <description>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of fish resources in the confluence waters of Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River, focusing on the initial phase of a 10-year fishing ban implemented in January 2020. Through hydroacoustic surveys conducted during both high-water (September 2020) and low-water (January 2021) periods, we identified significant variations in fish density and individual size across different sections. During the high water level period, fish concentrations were primarily observed in the confluence area between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, exhibiting higher densities compared to other regions. Conversely, fish congregated in the deep-water zones of the main river during the low water level period. The fish population was dominated by small to medium-sized individuals, with mean body lengths of 12.47 cm and 12.62 cm during the high and low water level periods, respectively. Notably, 42 and 33 fish species were recorded during the high-water and low-water surveys, respectively, emphasizing the region&amp;amp;rsquo;s rich biodiversity. Importantly, the study demonstrates that the fishing ban has resulted in substantial increases in both fish density and mean body length, underscoring its effectiveness in fostering fish population recovery. These findings provide critical baseline data to inform scientific conservation and management strategies in this ecologically sensitive river&amp;amp;ndash;lake ecosystem.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 492: Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Fish Resources in a Typical River&amp;ndash;Lake Confluence Ecosystem During the Initial Period of Fishing Ban</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/492">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120492</a></p> <p>Authors: Huifeng Li Xujun Yu Bingbing Wu Lixiong Yu Dengqiang Wang Ke Wang Sheng Wang Daqing Chen Yuefei Li Xinbin Duan Jie Li </p> <p>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of fish resources in the confluence waters of Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River, focusing on the initial phase of a 10-year fishing ban implemented in January 2020. Through hydroacoustic surveys conducted during both high-water (September 2020) and low-water (January 2021) periods, we identified significant variations in fish density and individual size across different sections. During the high water level period, fish concentrations were primarily observed in the confluence area between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, exhibiting higher densities compared to other regions. Conversely, fish congregated in the deep-water zones of the main river during the low water level period. The fish population was dominated by small to medium-sized individuals, with mean body lengths of 12.47 cm and 12.62 cm during the high and low water level periods, respectively. Notably, 42 and 33 fish species were recorded during the high-water and low-water surveys, respectively, emphasizing the region&amp;amp;rsquo;s rich biodiversity. Importantly, the study demonstrates that the fishing ban has resulted in substantial increases in both fish density and mean body length, underscoring its effectiveness in fostering fish population recovery. These findings provide critical baseline data to inform scientific conservation and management strategies in this ecologically sensitive river&amp;amp;ndash;lake ecosystem.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Fish Resources in a Typical River&amp;amp;ndash;Lake Confluence Ecosystem During the Initial Period of Fishing Ban</dc:title> <dc:creator>Huifeng Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xujun Yu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bingbing Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lixiong Yu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dengqiang Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ke Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sheng Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daqing Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuefei Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xinbin Duan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jie Li</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120492</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>492</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120492</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/492</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/490"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 490: Purification Effect of Fish&amp;ndash;Algae Coupling on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Shrimp Aquaculture Effluent</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/490</link> <description>As the scale of shrimp aquaculture continues to expand, the environmental impacts of shrimp effluents have become increasingly severe. The purification of aquaculture effluents can no longer be overlooked. Effectively reducing the discharge of aquaculture wastewater and mitigating its potential pollution risks to the surrounding aquatic ecological environment are key issues that need to be addressed to promote the industry&amp;amp;rsquo;s development towards a greener, more environmentally friendly, and sustainable path. This study explored the purification effect of the integration of tilapia and Spirulina on tail water from a zero-water-exchange aquaculture of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in seawater, with the aim of assessing the growth performance of tilapia and the efficacy of the fish&amp;amp;ndash;algae integration in purifying tail water from the perspective of tail water resource utilisation. The study found that the removal rates of the biofloc sedimentation volume and total suspended particle concentration in the fish&amp;amp;ndash;algae group were 42.6% and 29.6%, respectively. The removal rates of phosphate and total phosphorus in the fish&amp;amp;ndash;algae group were 26.3% and 20.8%, respectively. Research indicates that tilapia effectively removes suspended organic matter from water. Introducing Spirulina into this water body aids in the removal of soluble nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluent, and tilapia exhibit a favourable feeding response to Spirulina.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 490: Purification Effect of Fish&amp;ndash;Algae Coupling on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Shrimp Aquaculture Effluent</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/490">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120490</a></p> <p>Authors: Zhiwei Sun Xiaojuan Hu Yu Xu Guoliang Wen Haochang Su Zhiheng Pan Yucheng Cao </p> <p>As the scale of shrimp aquaculture continues to expand, the environmental impacts of shrimp effluents have become increasingly severe. The purification of aquaculture effluents can no longer be overlooked. Effectively reducing the discharge of aquaculture wastewater and mitigating its potential pollution risks to the surrounding aquatic ecological environment are key issues that need to be addressed to promote the industry&amp;amp;rsquo;s development towards a greener, more environmentally friendly, and sustainable path. This study explored the purification effect of the integration of tilapia and Spirulina on tail water from a zero-water-exchange aquaculture of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in seawater, with the aim of assessing the growth performance of tilapia and the efficacy of the fish&amp;amp;ndash;algae integration in purifying tail water from the perspective of tail water resource utilisation. The study found that the removal rates of the biofloc sedimentation volume and total suspended particle concentration in the fish&amp;amp;ndash;algae group were 42.6% and 29.6%, respectively. The removal rates of phosphate and total phosphorus in the fish&amp;amp;ndash;algae group were 26.3% and 20.8%, respectively. Research indicates that tilapia effectively removes suspended organic matter from water. Introducing Spirulina into this water body aids in the removal of soluble nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluent, and tilapia exhibit a favourable feeding response to Spirulina.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Purification Effect of Fish&amp;amp;ndash;Algae Coupling on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Shrimp Aquaculture Effluent</dc:title> <dc:creator>Zhiwei Sun</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaojuan Hu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yu Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Guoliang Wen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Haochang Su</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhiheng Pan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yucheng Cao</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120490</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>490</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120490</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/490</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/489"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 489: Potential Impact of DOM on Fish Biodiversity in the Jinshui River Basin Environment</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/489</link> <description>Water quality is crucial for the ecological health of rivers. However, assessing environmental stressors in large river basins has been challenging due to limited biodiversity monitoring tools. Combining environmental DNA and water quality monitoring presents new possibilities for evaluating the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on fish diversity. Case studies from the Jinshui River, Futou Lake, and Gan River in the Jinshui River Basin demonstrated that eDNA biomonitoring reached 84.62% OTU asymptote (176 OTUs) and 91.06% species asymptote (49 species). The Gan River had 1.21 and 1.26 times more fish OTUs than Futou Lake and the Jinshui River, with 20 overlapping species among the areas. We identified typical excitation-emission matrix (EEM) components of DOM and three PARAFAC fluorescent components: C1 (microbial humic-like), C2 (terrestrial humic-like), and C3 (tryptophan-like). Sequence diversity was positively correlated with EC, TDS, pH, NH3-N, DO, CODMn, biological index (BIX), and freshness index (&amp;amp;beta;/&amp;amp;alpha;). Taxonomic diversity positively correlated with spectral slope ratio (SR) and C3. Functional diversity positively correlated with SR but negatively correlated with humification index (HIX). The combined eDNA and DOM monitoring approach shows promise for future assessments of fish biodiversity in river basin environments.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 489: Potential Impact of DOM on Fish Biodiversity in the Jinshui River Basin Environment</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/489">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120489</a></p> <p>Authors: Shoutao Cheng Jiasheng Zhang Hao Xue Qi Yang Jing Liu Lingsong Zhang Na Liu Yeyao Wang Fansheng Meng </p> <p>Water quality is crucial for the ecological health of rivers. However, assessing environmental stressors in large river basins has been challenging due to limited biodiversity monitoring tools. Combining environmental DNA and water quality monitoring presents new possibilities for evaluating the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on fish diversity. Case studies from the Jinshui River, Futou Lake, and Gan River in the Jinshui River Basin demonstrated that eDNA biomonitoring reached 84.62% OTU asymptote (176 OTUs) and 91.06% species asymptote (49 species). The Gan River had 1.21 and 1.26 times more fish OTUs than Futou Lake and the Jinshui River, with 20 overlapping species among the areas. We identified typical excitation-emission matrix (EEM) components of DOM and three PARAFAC fluorescent components: C1 (microbial humic-like), C2 (terrestrial humic-like), and C3 (tryptophan-like). Sequence diversity was positively correlated with EC, TDS, pH, NH3-N, DO, CODMn, biological index (BIX), and freshness index (&amp;amp;beta;/&amp;amp;alpha;). Taxonomic diversity positively correlated with spectral slope ratio (SR) and C3. Functional diversity positively correlated with SR but negatively correlated with humification index (HIX). The combined eDNA and DOM monitoring approach shows promise for future assessments of fish biodiversity in river basin environments.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Potential Impact of DOM on Fish Biodiversity in the Jinshui River Basin Environment</dc:title> <dc:creator>Shoutao Cheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiasheng Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hao Xue</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qi Yang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jing Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lingsong Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Na Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yeyao Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fansheng Meng</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120489</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>489</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120489</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/489</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/488"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 488: Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Habitat Pattern of Trichiurus japonicus in the Northern South China Sea Under Future Climate Scenarios</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/488</link> <description>The impact of climate change on fish distribution has drawn increasing attention worldwide. Studying the distribution patterns and habitat evolution trends of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus), an important fishery resource in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), is of great significance for the management and sustainable utilization of fishery resources. This study uses an ensemble species distribution model to analyze the seasonal distribution patterns of T. japonicus in the NSCS and predict the changes in highly suitable habitats of T. japonicus under four future climate scenarios (IPCC Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The results show that the area of suitable habitats in the Beibu Gulf is expected to increase, while that in the offshore of Guangdong will significantly decrease. In different seasons, there are differences in environmental factors affecting the distribution of T. japonicus, among which sea bottom temperature (SBT) and bathymetry (BM) are key factors. Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the area of highly suitable habitats for T. japonicus is expected to decrease by 30.54% by the 2100s, while under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, it is expected to decrease by 53.67%. Our research results show that the active range of T. japonicus in the NSCS has different adaptive responses to different climate change scenarios, which has an important impact on the development and management of T. japonicus resources.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 488: Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Habitat Pattern of Trichiurus japonicus in the Northern South China Sea Under Future Climate Scenarios</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/488">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120488</a></p> <p>Authors: Junyi Zhang Jiajun Li Kui Zhang Youwei Xu Shannan Xu Zuozhi Chen </p> <p>The impact of climate change on fish distribution has drawn increasing attention worldwide. Studying the distribution patterns and habitat evolution trends of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus), an important fishery resource in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), is of great significance for the management and sustainable utilization of fishery resources. This study uses an ensemble species distribution model to analyze the seasonal distribution patterns of T. japonicus in the NSCS and predict the changes in highly suitable habitats of T. japonicus under four future climate scenarios (IPCC Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The results show that the area of suitable habitats in the Beibu Gulf is expected to increase, while that in the offshore of Guangdong will significantly decrease. In different seasons, there are differences in environmental factors affecting the distribution of T. japonicus, among which sea bottom temperature (SBT) and bathymetry (BM) are key factors. Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the area of highly suitable habitats for T. japonicus is expected to decrease by 30.54% by the 2100s, while under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, it is expected to decrease by 53.67%. Our research results show that the active range of T. japonicus in the NSCS has different adaptive responses to different climate change scenarios, which has an important impact on the development and management of T. japonicus resources.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Habitat Pattern of Trichiurus japonicus in the Northern South China Sea Under Future Climate Scenarios</dc:title> <dc:creator>Junyi Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiajun Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kui Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Youwei Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shannan Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zuozhi Chen</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120488</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>488</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120488</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/488</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/487"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 487: Research Progress on Nutritional Requirements and Formulated Feeds for Siniperca: A Comprehensive Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/487</link> <description>Siniperca species are highly valued freshwater fishes in China. In 2022, the country&amp;amp;rsquo;s production of farmed Siniperca reached 401 kilotons. With the growing demand for high-quality aquatic products, Siniperca aquaculture offers major economic benefits and promising development prospects. However, the current reliance on live bait in Siniperca farming has resulted in resource wastage, environmental pollution, and disease outbreaks, hindering the healthy and sustainable growth of the industry. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the nutritional requirements of Siniperca in artificial farming, with a focus on proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and micronutrients. We also summarize the progress made in researching alternative protein and lipid sources, feed additives, and the development of artificially formulated feeds to replace live bait. The findings of this review will serve as a reference for further research on the nutritional requirements and development of formulated feeds for Siniperca aquaculture.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 487: Research Progress on Nutritional Requirements and Formulated Feeds for Siniperca: A Comprehensive Review</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/487">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120487</a></p> <p>Authors: Jianhui Peng Lingsheng Bao Yun Tuo Wuying Chu Huaipeng Fang </p> <p>Siniperca species are highly valued freshwater fishes in China. In 2022, the country&amp;amp;rsquo;s production of farmed Siniperca reached 401 kilotons. With the growing demand for high-quality aquatic products, Siniperca aquaculture offers major economic benefits and promising development prospects. However, the current reliance on live bait in Siniperca farming has resulted in resource wastage, environmental pollution, and disease outbreaks, hindering the healthy and sustainable growth of the industry. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the nutritional requirements of Siniperca in artificial farming, with a focus on proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and micronutrients. We also summarize the progress made in researching alternative protein and lipid sources, feed additives, and the development of artificially formulated feeds to replace live bait. The findings of this review will serve as a reference for further research on the nutritional requirements and development of formulated feeds for Siniperca aquaculture.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Research Progress on Nutritional Requirements and Formulated Feeds for Siniperca: A Comprehensive Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jianhui Peng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lingsheng Bao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yun Tuo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wuying Chu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Huaipeng Fang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120487</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>487</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120487</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/487</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/486"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 486: Comparative Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Responses to Ocean Acidification Challenge of Mactra veneriformis with Different Shell Colors</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/486</link> <description>Mactra veneriformis is highly susceptible to ocean acidification (OA) due to its low shell hardness during its rapid growth period. In this study, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, and transcriptome sequencing of mantle tissue analyses were conducted in white and purple shell-color populations of M. veneriformis under OA stress (pH = 7.6). The findings indicated a significant rise in oxygen consumption rates and ammonia excretion rates following acidification in both the two shell colors, while the clams with purple color showed comparatively lower basal metabolic levels. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated the expression of key genes related to fatty acid synthesis were significantly inhibited, whereas genes involved in calcification, osmoregulation, and immune response were upregulated under OA exposure in the two shell-color groups. However, some genes such as CA and HSP showed a population-specific response between the two shell-color populations. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the MAPK signaling pathway and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum were significantly enriched in the two acidification groups. This study provides valuable insights into the response of M. veneriformis to OA stress and also helps to predict the future breeding of valuable strains of M. veneriformis.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 486: Comparative Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Responses to Ocean Acidification Challenge of Mactra veneriformis with Different Shell Colors</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/486">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120486</a></p> <p>Authors: Limei Chen Gengyin Huang Shuang Liang Jian Liang Hefeng Wang Huiru Liu Xiaoyu Wang Li Li Yongjun Guo Wenguang Liu </p> <p>Mactra veneriformis is highly susceptible to ocean acidification (OA) due to its low shell hardness during its rapid growth period. In this study, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, and transcriptome sequencing of mantle tissue analyses were conducted in white and purple shell-color populations of M. veneriformis under OA stress (pH = 7.6). The findings indicated a significant rise in oxygen consumption rates and ammonia excretion rates following acidification in both the two shell colors, while the clams with purple color showed comparatively lower basal metabolic levels. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated the expression of key genes related to fatty acid synthesis were significantly inhibited, whereas genes involved in calcification, osmoregulation, and immune response were upregulated under OA exposure in the two shell-color groups. However, some genes such as CA and HSP showed a population-specific response between the two shell-color populations. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the MAPK signaling pathway and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum were significantly enriched in the two acidification groups. This study provides valuable insights into the response of M. veneriformis to OA stress and also helps to predict the future breeding of valuable strains of M. veneriformis.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Comparative Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Responses to Ocean Acidification Challenge of Mactra veneriformis with Different Shell Colors</dc:title> <dc:creator>Limei Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gengyin Huang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shuang Liang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jian Liang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hefeng Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Huiru Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaoyu Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Li Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yongjun Guo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wenguang Liu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120486</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>486</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120486</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/486</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/485"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 485: Molecular Barcoding Identification of the Invasive Blue Crabs Along Tunisian Coast</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/485</link> <description>Crabs are the most widely studied marine crustaceans due to their high economic value, ecological significance, and worldwide range in the subtropics and tropics zones. In this study, we adopted a molecular barcoding approach for rapid identification of blue crab species by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), which has previously been used for phylogenetic analysis in wide taxonomic groups, and particularly for Crustaceans. The results indicated the evidence of Callinectes sapidus and Portunus pelagicus in different localities along Tunisian coast. Data were confirmed by BLAST analysis (Basic Local Alignment Tool) and phylogenetic trees. The molecular identification showed the ability of the COI region to differentiate between two similar blue crab species, Portunus segnis and Portunus pelagicus, which were confused by morphological analysis. The adoption of this protocol may be useful in revealing the biogeography of these invasive species across Mediterranean and to support the authentication of crab-meat processed products, according to the normative control.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-28</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 485: Molecular Barcoding Identification of the Invasive Blue Crabs Along Tunisian Coast</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/485">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120485</a></p> <p>Authors: Nadia Besbes Stefano Reale Silvia Scibetta Carlotta Piazza Daniela Lo Monaco Calogero Di Bella Saloua Sadok </p> <p>Crabs are the most widely studied marine crustaceans due to their high economic value, ecological significance, and worldwide range in the subtropics and tropics zones. In this study, we adopted a molecular barcoding approach for rapid identification of blue crab species by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), which has previously been used for phylogenetic analysis in wide taxonomic groups, and particularly for Crustaceans. The results indicated the evidence of Callinectes sapidus and Portunus pelagicus in different localities along Tunisian coast. Data were confirmed by BLAST analysis (Basic Local Alignment Tool) and phylogenetic trees. The molecular identification showed the ability of the COI region to differentiate between two similar blue crab species, Portunus segnis and Portunus pelagicus, which were confused by morphological analysis. The adoption of this protocol may be useful in revealing the biogeography of these invasive species across Mediterranean and to support the authentication of crab-meat processed products, according to the normative control.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Molecular Barcoding Identification of the Invasive Blue Crabs Along Tunisian Coast</dc:title> <dc:creator>Nadia Besbes</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Stefano Reale</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Silvia Scibetta</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carlotta Piazza</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniela Lo Monaco</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Calogero Di Bella</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Saloua Sadok</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120485</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>485</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120485</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/485</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/484"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 484: Antibiotic Residues in Cultured Fish: Implications for Food Safety and Regulatory Concerns</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/484</link> <description>Antibiotics are widely recognized as significant chemical pollutants that enter the environment and ultimately the food chain. They are extensively used in both aquaculture and terrestrial animal breeding. Antibiotic residues in cultured fish pose significant public health risks, including the potential for antimicrobial resistance and adverse health outcomes. This review examines the widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture, highlighting key challenges such as the lack of reliable data on antibiotic consumption in many regions as well as variability in regulatory enforcement. While strict regulations in European countries help to mitigate risks, the growing, often unregulated use of antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries exacerbates concerns over food safety. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of global regulatory frameworks and the impact of antibiotic residues on public health, and it offers recommendations for improving the monitoring, regulation, and responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture in order to ensure safer food products from farmed fish. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the global scope of antibiotic misuse in aquaculture and points to an urgent need for more effective management practices.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-28</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 484: Antibiotic Residues in Cultured Fish: Implications for Food Safety and Regulatory Concerns</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/484">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120484</a></p> <p>Authors: Dragana Ljubojevi膰 Peli膰 Vladimir Radosavljevi膰 Milo拧 Peli膰 Milica 沤ivkov Balo拧 Nikola Puva膷a Jurica Jug-Dujakovi膰 Ana Gavrilovi膰 </p> <p>Antibiotics are widely recognized as significant chemical pollutants that enter the environment and ultimately the food chain. They are extensively used in both aquaculture and terrestrial animal breeding. Antibiotic residues in cultured fish pose significant public health risks, including the potential for antimicrobial resistance and adverse health outcomes. This review examines the widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture, highlighting key challenges such as the lack of reliable data on antibiotic consumption in many regions as well as variability in regulatory enforcement. While strict regulations in European countries help to mitigate risks, the growing, often unregulated use of antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries exacerbates concerns over food safety. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of global regulatory frameworks and the impact of antibiotic residues on public health, and it offers recommendations for improving the monitoring, regulation, and responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture in order to ensure safer food products from farmed fish. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the global scope of antibiotic misuse in aquaculture and points to an urgent need for more effective management practices.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Antibiotic Residues in Cultured Fish: Implications for Food Safety and Regulatory Concerns</dc:title> <dc:creator>Dragana Ljubojevi膰 Peli膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vladimir Radosavljevi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Milo拧 Peli膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Milica 沤ivkov Balo拧</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nikola Puva膷a</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jurica Jug-Dujakovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana Gavrilovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120484</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>484</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120484</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/484</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/483"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 483: Comprehensive Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis of Euspira gilva: Insights into Aquaculture and Conservation</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/483</link> <description>Euspira gilva, a member of the family Naticidae, is predominantly found in intertidal soft mud, sandy soil, and sandy seabeds along the coast of China, where it is valued for its nutritional richness and significant economic value. This study presents a comprehensive transcriptome sequencing and analysis of E. gilva specimens from the Lianyungang area, yielding 3385 high-quality isoform sequences and 3310 non-redundant transcripts. Annotation against various databases, including NR, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, KOG, eggNOG, GO, and Pfam, successfully annotated a significant number of transcripts. A total of 7929 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified, with single nucleotide repeats predominating at 85.0%. Predictive analysis of coding DNA sequences (CDS) resulted in 1340 BLAST comparisons, while ESTScan predicted 840. Further, 530 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified through the application of the CPC2, CNCI, Pfam, and PLEK algorithms. The highest overall sequence similarity in the NR database was observed with Pomacea canaliculata, a freshwater species, but with a similarity of only 36.6%, indicating a unique genetic makeup of E. gilva. The KEGG database annotation revealed a predominance of signal transduction pathways, particularly the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, with 29 non-redundant transcripts encoding key genes such as IGH (immunoglobulin heavy chain), PCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), COL2A (collagen, type II, alpha), ITGB1 (integrin beta 1), and GNG7 (guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7). These genes play crucial roles in cellular processes, including cell growth, transcription, translation, proliferation, movement, and glycogen metabolism. The findings of this research elucidate the full-length transcriptome profile of E. gilva, thereby establishing a foundational dataset and providing valuable insights for the species&amp;amp;rsquo; aquaculture, health management, conservation efforts, and future molecular biological investigations.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-28</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 483: Comprehensive Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis of Euspira gilva: Insights into Aquaculture and Conservation</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/483">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120483</a></p> <p>Authors: Zhixing Su Jiayuan Xu Xiaokang Lv Xuefeng Song Yanming Sui Benjian Wang Xiaoshan Wang Bianbian Zhang Baojun Tang Liguo Yang </p> <p>Euspira gilva, a member of the family Naticidae, is predominantly found in intertidal soft mud, sandy soil, and sandy seabeds along the coast of China, where it is valued for its nutritional richness and significant economic value. This study presents a comprehensive transcriptome sequencing and analysis of E. gilva specimens from the Lianyungang area, yielding 3385 high-quality isoform sequences and 3310 non-redundant transcripts. Annotation against various databases, including NR, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, KOG, eggNOG, GO, and Pfam, successfully annotated a significant number of transcripts. A total of 7929 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified, with single nucleotide repeats predominating at 85.0%. Predictive analysis of coding DNA sequences (CDS) resulted in 1340 BLAST comparisons, while ESTScan predicted 840. Further, 530 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified through the application of the CPC2, CNCI, Pfam, and PLEK algorithms. The highest overall sequence similarity in the NR database was observed with Pomacea canaliculata, a freshwater species, but with a similarity of only 36.6%, indicating a unique genetic makeup of E. gilva. The KEGG database annotation revealed a predominance of signal transduction pathways, particularly the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, with 29 non-redundant transcripts encoding key genes such as IGH (immunoglobulin heavy chain), PCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), COL2A (collagen, type II, alpha), ITGB1 (integrin beta 1), and GNG7 (guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7). These genes play crucial roles in cellular processes, including cell growth, transcription, translation, proliferation, movement, and glycogen metabolism. The findings of this research elucidate the full-length transcriptome profile of E. gilva, thereby establishing a foundational dataset and providing valuable insights for the species&amp;amp;rsquo; aquaculture, health management, conservation efforts, and future molecular biological investigations.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Comprehensive Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis of Euspira gilva: Insights into Aquaculture and Conservation</dc:title> <dc:creator>Zhixing Su</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiayuan Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaokang Lv</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xuefeng Song</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yanming Sui</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Benjian Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaoshan Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bianbian Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Baojun Tang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Liguo Yang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120483</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>483</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120483</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/483</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/482"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 482: Potential Exposure of Aquatic Organisms to Dynamic Visual Cues Originating from Aerial Wind Turbine Blades</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/482</link> <description>For many aquatic species, vision is important for detecting prey, predators, and conspecifics; however, the potential impacts of visual cues from offshore wind turbines have not been investigated in these crucial contexts. There is the possibility of visual cues, originating from moving wind turbine blades, propagating through the air&amp;amp;ndash;water interface to impact visually sensitive species. Two classes of visual cues are possible: direct motion cues originating as light reflected from moving turbine blades and indirect cues resulting from an interruption of direct sunlight causing dynamic shadowing when the sun, blade, and receptor are aligned. In both cases, the propagation of cues across the air&amp;amp;ndash;water interface is governed by physical principles but modulated in potentially complex ways by the aspects of the local environment that vary with time. Evidence for the extent of the exposure of aquatic organisms to the visual cues arising from moving turbine blades and for the potential response of receptor organisms is sparse. This study considers the physics involved to support the formulation and testing of robust biological hypotheses. Marine migratory salmonid species are considered as an example species because their behaviour in the marine environment is relatively well documented. This study concludes that the aquatic receptor organisms present in the uppermost layer of the sea in the vicinity of wind turbines are potentially exposed to direct motion cues originating from moving turbine blades and also, when the sun elevation angle is greater than ca. 20&amp;amp;deg;, to dynamic shadowing cues.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 482: Potential Exposure of Aquatic Organisms to Dynamic Visual Cues Originating from Aerial Wind Turbine Blades</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/482">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120482</a></p> <p>Authors: Benjamin J. Williamson Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy Jason McIlvenny Alan Youngson </p> <p>For many aquatic species, vision is important for detecting prey, predators, and conspecifics; however, the potential impacts of visual cues from offshore wind turbines have not been investigated in these crucial contexts. There is the possibility of visual cues, originating from moving wind turbine blades, propagating through the air&amp;amp;ndash;water interface to impact visually sensitive species. Two classes of visual cues are possible: direct motion cues originating as light reflected from moving turbine blades and indirect cues resulting from an interruption of direct sunlight causing dynamic shadowing when the sun, blade, and receptor are aligned. In both cases, the propagation of cues across the air&amp;amp;ndash;water interface is governed by physical principles but modulated in potentially complex ways by the aspects of the local environment that vary with time. Evidence for the extent of the exposure of aquatic organisms to the visual cues arising from moving turbine blades and for the potential response of receptor organisms is sparse. This study considers the physics involved to support the formulation and testing of robust biological hypotheses. Marine migratory salmonid species are considered as an example species because their behaviour in the marine environment is relatively well documented. This study concludes that the aquatic receptor organisms present in the uppermost layer of the sea in the vicinity of wind turbines are potentially exposed to direct motion cues originating from moving turbine blades and also, when the sun elevation angle is greater than ca. 20&amp;amp;deg;, to dynamic shadowing cues.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Potential Exposure of Aquatic Organisms to Dynamic Visual Cues Originating from Aerial Wind Turbine Blades</dc:title> <dc:creator>Benjamin J. Williamson</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jason McIlvenny</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alan Youngson</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120482</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>482</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120482</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/482</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/481"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 481: Population Genetics and Gene Flow in Cyphotilapia frontosa and Cyphotilapia gibberosa Along the East Coast of Lake Tanganyika</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/481</link> <description>The radiation of cichlid species in the East African Great Lakes is remarkable and rapid. The population genetics of two deep-water Cyphotilapia species along the east coast of Lake Tanganyika from Burundi to southern Tanzania was determined using ddRAD-seq. A combination of ADMIXTURE, PCA, genome polarization, and 2D site frequency spectrum analyses confirmed the presence of two species, C. frontosa in the north and C. gibberosa in the south, as documented in other studies. We also found evidence of a potential hybrid zone connecting the two species at a sharp genetic cline centered in the middle of the lake and apparent introgression in both directions, but predominantly from &amp;amp;lsquo;gibberosa&amp;amp;rsquo; into &amp;amp;lsquo;frontosa&amp;amp;rsquo;. The highest proportion of introgressed &amp;amp;lsquo;gibberosa&amp;amp;rsquo; ancestry was present in the southernmost populations of C. frontosa collected near Karilani Island and Cape Kabogo. At the intra-specific level, there was support for between 1 and 3 populations of C. frontosa, whereas the results indicated only a single homogeneous population of C. gibberosa. The presence of different morphs in the lake despite the low levels of heterozygosity suggests that a small number of loci may be involved in the morphological variation and/or that there is a more complex interplay between genetics and the environment in different locations.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 481: Population Genetics and Gene Flow in Cyphotilapia frontosa and Cyphotilapia gibberosa Along the East Coast of Lake Tanganyika</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/481">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120481</a></p> <p>Authors: George D. Jackson Timothy Standish Orta莽 脟etinta艧 Oleksandr Zinenko Asilatu H. Shechonge Alexey Yanchukov </p> <p>The radiation of cichlid species in the East African Great Lakes is remarkable and rapid. The population genetics of two deep-water Cyphotilapia species along the east coast of Lake Tanganyika from Burundi to southern Tanzania was determined using ddRAD-seq. A combination of ADMIXTURE, PCA, genome polarization, and 2D site frequency spectrum analyses confirmed the presence of two species, C. frontosa in the north and C. gibberosa in the south, as documented in other studies. We also found evidence of a potential hybrid zone connecting the two species at a sharp genetic cline centered in the middle of the lake and apparent introgression in both directions, but predominantly from &amp;amp;lsquo;gibberosa&amp;amp;rsquo; into &amp;amp;lsquo;frontosa&amp;amp;rsquo;. The highest proportion of introgressed &amp;amp;lsquo;gibberosa&amp;amp;rsquo; ancestry was present in the southernmost populations of C. frontosa collected near Karilani Island and Cape Kabogo. At the intra-specific level, there was support for between 1 and 3 populations of C. frontosa, whereas the results indicated only a single homogeneous population of C. gibberosa. The presence of different morphs in the lake despite the low levels of heterozygosity suggests that a small number of loci may be involved in the morphological variation and/or that there is a more complex interplay between genetics and the environment in different locations.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Population Genetics and Gene Flow in Cyphotilapia frontosa and Cyphotilapia gibberosa Along the East Coast of Lake Tanganyika</dc:title> <dc:creator>George D. Jackson</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Timothy Standish</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Orta莽 脟etinta艧</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Oleksandr Zinenko</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Asilatu H. Shechonge</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alexey Yanchukov</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120481</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>481</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120481</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/481</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/480"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 480: Shelf Life Study of Chilled Mullet (Mugil cephalus): Histamine Formation and Quality Degradation at Constant and Dynamic Storage Conditions</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/480</link> <description>The present work aimed to evaluate and mathematically model the effect of temperature on Morganella morganii growth and histamine formation in farmed mullet (Mugil cephalus) during refrigerated storage (at constant temperatures, T = 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 &amp;amp;deg;C) and to validate the developed models at non-constant temperature conditions (effective temperature Teff = 7.4 &amp;amp;deg;C). Shelf life evaluation of chilled mullet was also carried out based on microbial spoilage, sensory degradation, and total volatile nitrogen (TVB-N) determination. Spoilage of mullet during refrigerated storage was co-dominated by Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae growth. Sensory rejection (score 5 for overall impression) and the end of shelf life coincided with a total microbial load of 8 log cfu/g. The shelf life of chilled mullet was estimated at 15, 11, 7, 3, and 1.5 days at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 &amp;amp;deg;C, respectively. At T 0&amp;amp;ndash;5 &amp;amp;deg;C, the time of sensory rejection coincided with TVB-N concentrations of 10.2&amp;amp;ndash;12.3 mg&amp;amp;middot;100 g&amp;amp;minus;1, and at 10&amp;amp;ndash;15 &amp;amp;deg;C, the samples were sensorially rejected before TVB-N development. At storage temperatures &amp;amp;lt; 5 &amp;amp;deg;C, sensory rejection was observed well before histamine levels reached a concentration of 50 mg/kg fish flesh. However, when abusive temperatures prevail, histamine should be considered as a risk factor for the human consumption of mullet.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 480: Shelf Life Study of Chilled Mullet (Mugil cephalus): Histamine Formation and Quality Degradation at Constant and Dynamic Storage Conditions</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/480">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120480</a></p> <p>Authors: Athina Ntzimani Eirini Papamichail Efimia Dermesonlouoglou Theofania Tsironi Petros Taoukis </p> <p>The present work aimed to evaluate and mathematically model the effect of temperature on Morganella morganii growth and histamine formation in farmed mullet (Mugil cephalus) during refrigerated storage (at constant temperatures, T = 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 &amp;amp;deg;C) and to validate the developed models at non-constant temperature conditions (effective temperature Teff = 7.4 &amp;amp;deg;C). Shelf life evaluation of chilled mullet was also carried out based on microbial spoilage, sensory degradation, and total volatile nitrogen (TVB-N) determination. Spoilage of mullet during refrigerated storage was co-dominated by Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae growth. Sensory rejection (score 5 for overall impression) and the end of shelf life coincided with a total microbial load of 8 log cfu/g. The shelf life of chilled mullet was estimated at 15, 11, 7, 3, and 1.5 days at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 &amp;amp;deg;C, respectively. At T 0&amp;amp;ndash;5 &amp;amp;deg;C, the time of sensory rejection coincided with TVB-N concentrations of 10.2&amp;amp;ndash;12.3 mg&amp;amp;middot;100 g&amp;amp;minus;1, and at 10&amp;amp;ndash;15 &amp;amp;deg;C, the samples were sensorially rejected before TVB-N development. At storage temperatures &amp;amp;lt; 5 &amp;amp;deg;C, sensory rejection was observed well before histamine levels reached a concentration of 50 mg/kg fish flesh. However, when abusive temperatures prevail, histamine should be considered as a risk factor for the human consumption of mullet.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Shelf Life Study of Chilled Mullet (Mugil cephalus): Histamine Formation and Quality Degradation at Constant and Dynamic Storage Conditions</dc:title> <dc:creator>Athina Ntzimani</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Eirini Papamichail</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Efimia Dermesonlouoglou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Theofania Tsironi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Petros Taoukis</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120480</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>480</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120480</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/480</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/479"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 479: Evaluating Silvering Stages in European Eels: A Study on Biological and Morphometric Variations in the Asi River, T&amp;uuml;rkiye</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/479</link> <description>The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) undergoes significant morphological and physiological changes during its transition from the yellow to the silver stage, which are critical for its long-distance spawning migration. This study aimed to investigate these changes in European eels from the Asi River, located in Hatay, T&amp;amp;uuml;rkiye, during their silvering process. A total of 96 eels were sampled in February 2019, and various morphometric measurements, including total length, body weight, eye dimensions and height, and pectoral fin lengths, were taken. Liver and gonad weights were also measured to assess the hepatosomatic index (HSI). The length&amp;amp;ndash;weight relationship for silver eels was described by the equation, W = 0.0072 &amp;amp;times; L2.732, with silver-stage eels showing a higher growth rate compared to yellow-stage eels, which had a relationship of W = 0.0184 &amp;amp;times; L2.397. The average total length of silver eels (431.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 16.7 mm) was significantly greater than that of yellow eels (382.4 &amp;amp;plusmn; 11.9 mm). Additionally, pectoral fin length was significantly longer in silver eels (20.8 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.1 mm) compared to yellow eels (14.8 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.9 mm). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) for silver eels was also found to be higher than for yellow eels, indicating increased liver size as an adaptation for energy storage during migration. Eye height, a key indicator of silvering, showed a substantial increase during the transition, with silver-stage eels having an average eye height of 5.3 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.2 mm compared to 4.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.1 mm in yellow-stage eels.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 479: Evaluating Silvering Stages in European Eels: A Study on Biological and Morphometric Variations in the Asi River, T&amp;uuml;rkiye</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/479">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120479</a></p> <p>Authors: Ayd谋n Demirci </p> <p>The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) undergoes significant morphological and physiological changes during its transition from the yellow to the silver stage, which are critical for its long-distance spawning migration. This study aimed to investigate these changes in European eels from the Asi River, located in Hatay, T&amp;amp;uuml;rkiye, during their silvering process. A total of 96 eels were sampled in February 2019, and various morphometric measurements, including total length, body weight, eye dimensions and height, and pectoral fin lengths, were taken. Liver and gonad weights were also measured to assess the hepatosomatic index (HSI). The length&amp;amp;ndash;weight relationship for silver eels was described by the equation, W = 0.0072 &amp;amp;times; L2.732, with silver-stage eels showing a higher growth rate compared to yellow-stage eels, which had a relationship of W = 0.0184 &amp;amp;times; L2.397. The average total length of silver eels (431.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 16.7 mm) was significantly greater than that of yellow eels (382.4 &amp;amp;plusmn; 11.9 mm). Additionally, pectoral fin length was significantly longer in silver eels (20.8 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.1 mm) compared to yellow eels (14.8 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.9 mm). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) for silver eels was also found to be higher than for yellow eels, indicating increased liver size as an adaptation for energy storage during migration. Eye height, a key indicator of silvering, showed a substantial increase during the transition, with silver-stage eels having an average eye height of 5.3 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.2 mm compared to 4.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.1 mm in yellow-stage eels.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Evaluating Silvering Stages in European Eels: A Study on Biological and Morphometric Variations in the Asi River, T&amp;amp;uuml;rkiye</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ayd谋n Demirci</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120479</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>479</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120479</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/479</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/478"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 478: The Effects of Predominantly Chemoautotrophic Versus Heterotrophic Biofloc Systems on Nitrifying Bacteria, Planktonic Microorganisms, and Growth of Penaeus vannamei, and Oreochromis niloticus in an Integrated Multitrophic Culture</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/478</link> <description>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of predominantly chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic biofloc systems on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and planktonic microorganisms in an integrated Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus integrated multitrophic culture. Shrimp and tilapia were stocked at a density of 400 shrimp m&amp;amp;minus;2 and 45 fish m&amp;amp;minus;3, respectively. The trial consisted of two biofloc treatments, with three replicates each: chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic. The identification and quantification of the planktonic microorganisms (ciliates, flagellates, microalgae, and total bacteria) and nitrifying bacteria were carried out through direct counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. At the end of the trial, heterotrophic treatment had resulted in higher total abundance of bacteria. The relative abundance of AOB and NOB in relation to the total abundance was less than 0.1% for both treatments. The system was dominated by flagellates in both treatment groups. The abundance of microalgae and ciliates was higher with chemoautotrophic treatment. After 43 days, the shrimp weights were higher in the chemoautotrophic group, while the final weights of the tilapia were not significantly different between the two treatments. The type of biofloc system (Chemoautotrophic vs. Heterotrophic) did not significantly alter the establishment of AOB and NOB in a Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus integrated multitrophic culture. The two treatments proved to be equally efficient for maintaining good water quality, but the chemoautotrophic treatment resulted in better shrimp growth. Thus, our study demonstrated that chemoautotrophic biofloc is a promising approach in integrated multitrophic aquaculture.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 478: The Effects of Predominantly Chemoautotrophic Versus Heterotrophic Biofloc Systems on Nitrifying Bacteria, Planktonic Microorganisms, and Growth of Penaeus vannamei, and Oreochromis niloticus in an Integrated Multitrophic Culture</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/478">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120478</a></p> <p>Authors: Raysa P芒mela Oliveira Sena Dariano Krummenauer Wilson Wasielesky Ot谩vio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel Aline Bezerra Jorge Renato Tagliaferro dos Santos Junior Andrezza Carvalho Elisa Ravagnan Andrea Bagi Luis H. S. Poersch </p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of predominantly chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic biofloc systems on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and planktonic microorganisms in an integrated Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus integrated multitrophic culture. Shrimp and tilapia were stocked at a density of 400 shrimp m&amp;amp;minus;2 and 45 fish m&amp;amp;minus;3, respectively. The trial consisted of two biofloc treatments, with three replicates each: chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic. The identification and quantification of the planktonic microorganisms (ciliates, flagellates, microalgae, and total bacteria) and nitrifying bacteria were carried out through direct counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. At the end of the trial, heterotrophic treatment had resulted in higher total abundance of bacteria. The relative abundance of AOB and NOB in relation to the total abundance was less than 0.1% for both treatments. The system was dominated by flagellates in both treatment groups. The abundance of microalgae and ciliates was higher with chemoautotrophic treatment. After 43 days, the shrimp weights were higher in the chemoautotrophic group, while the final weights of the tilapia were not significantly different between the two treatments. The type of biofloc system (Chemoautotrophic vs. Heterotrophic) did not significantly alter the establishment of AOB and NOB in a Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus integrated multitrophic culture. The two treatments proved to be equally efficient for maintaining good water quality, but the chemoautotrophic treatment resulted in better shrimp growth. Thus, our study demonstrated that chemoautotrophic biofloc is a promising approach in integrated multitrophic aquaculture.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Effects of Predominantly Chemoautotrophic Versus Heterotrophic Biofloc Systems on Nitrifying Bacteria, Planktonic Microorganisms, and Growth of Penaeus vannamei, and Oreochromis niloticus in an Integrated Multitrophic Culture</dc:title> <dc:creator>Raysa P芒mela Oliveira Sena</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dariano Krummenauer</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wilson Wasielesky</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ot谩vio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aline Bezerra</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jorge Renato Tagliaferro dos Santos Junior</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrezza Carvalho</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elisa Ravagnan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrea Bagi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luis H. S. Poersch</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120478</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>478</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120478</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/478</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/477"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 477: Ease and Limitations in Using Environmental DNA to Track the Spread of Invasive Host&amp;ndash;Parasite Complexes: A Case Study of the Freshwater Fish Pseudorasbora parva and the Cryptic Fungal Parasite Sphaerothecum destruens</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/477</link> <description>The spread of non-native species threatens biodiversity and exacerbates societal challenges like food security. To address this, effective conservation programs require detection methods that are easy to implement, accurate, and non-invasive. Over the past 15 years, environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques have gained popularity, surpassing traditional sampling methods. In this context, our study focused on tracking the invasive host&amp;amp;ndash;pathogen complex Pseudorasbora parva and Sphaerothecum destruens using eDNA metabarcoding. We collected water samples from freshwater canals over five months in the Camargue region, and once in Corsica Island, both in southern France. Total DNA was extracted from filtered water samples, and PCR-amplicons were sequenced using Illumina or Nanopore technologies. Our results revealed a high detection rate of P. parva in lentic ecosystems, aligning with habitat preferences of this small freshwater fish. Additionally, the detection rate in Camargue increased in May and June, likely due to the peak of the spawning season, which leads to more DNA being released into the environment (i.e., concentration and interaction of individuals). While eDNA successfully detected this invasive fish, we were unable to detect its cryptic fungal parasite, S. destruens, highlighting the challenges of identifying intracellular and cryptic fungal pathogens through eDNA methods.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 477: Ease and Limitations in Using Environmental DNA to Track the Spread of Invasive Host&amp;ndash;Parasite Complexes: A Case Study of the Freshwater Fish Pseudorasbora parva and the Cryptic Fungal Parasite Sphaerothecum destruens</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/477">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120477</a></p> <p>Authors: Th茅o Deremarque Rodolphe Elie Gozlan Ravo Ravaozafindrasoa Giuliano Mucci Lucie Delalex Jean-Michel Foissy Micha毛l Cagnant Mathieu Clair Justina Givens Fabienne Justy Alice Valentini Delphine Nicolas Pascal Contournet Claire Tetrel Marc Thibault Marine Combe </p> <p>The spread of non-native species threatens biodiversity and exacerbates societal challenges like food security. To address this, effective conservation programs require detection methods that are easy to implement, accurate, and non-invasive. Over the past 15 years, environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques have gained popularity, surpassing traditional sampling methods. In this context, our study focused on tracking the invasive host&amp;amp;ndash;pathogen complex Pseudorasbora parva and Sphaerothecum destruens using eDNA metabarcoding. We collected water samples from freshwater canals over five months in the Camargue region, and once in Corsica Island, both in southern France. Total DNA was extracted from filtered water samples, and PCR-amplicons were sequenced using Illumina or Nanopore technologies. Our results revealed a high detection rate of P. parva in lentic ecosystems, aligning with habitat preferences of this small freshwater fish. Additionally, the detection rate in Camargue increased in May and June, likely due to the peak of the spawning season, which leads to more DNA being released into the environment (i.e., concentration and interaction of individuals). While eDNA successfully detected this invasive fish, we were unable to detect its cryptic fungal parasite, S. destruens, highlighting the challenges of identifying intracellular and cryptic fungal pathogens through eDNA methods.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Ease and Limitations in Using Environmental DNA to Track the Spread of Invasive Host&amp;amp;ndash;Parasite Complexes: A Case Study of the Freshwater Fish Pseudorasbora parva and the Cryptic Fungal Parasite Sphaerothecum destruens</dc:title> <dc:creator>Th茅o Deremarque</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rodolphe Elie Gozlan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ravo Ravaozafindrasoa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Giuliano Mucci</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lucie Delalex</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jean-Michel Foissy</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Micha毛l Cagnant</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mathieu Clair</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Justina Givens</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fabienne Justy</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alice Valentini</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Delphine Nicolas</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pascal Contournet</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Claire Tetrel</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marc Thibault</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marine Combe</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120477</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>477</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120477</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/477</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/476"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 476: Potential Probiotic Bacillus Strains with Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activity Increased Weight Gain and Altered hsp70, cxc, tnf&amp;alpha;, il1&amp;beta;, and lysC Gene Expression in Clarias gariepinus</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/476</link> <description>The potential probiotic properties of three Bacillus strains were studied. A probiotic supplement for the African catfish Clarias gariepinus was produced via the solid-state fermentation protocol and incorporated into the fish feed for a period of seven weeks. Since the 36th day of the experiment, all experimental groups had a statistically significant increase in their weight gain than the control group. The maximum weight gain observed in fish fed the probiotic-supplemented feed was 29.16% higher than that of the control group, and the maximum feed conversion rate improvement was 24%. Cell-free extracts from these strains showed antioxidant (11.55&amp;amp;ndash;27.40%) and DNA-protective (45.33&amp;amp;ndash;61.83%) activity in a series of in vitro biosensor tests. Further investigation into the antimutagenic activity of the strains revealed that two of them reduced the level of induced mutagenesis in an Escherichia coli model (by 33.58% and 54.35%, respectively). We also assessed the impact of probiotic strains on the expression of several key genes in the host (C. gariepinus), including hsp70, cxc, tnf&amp;amp;alpha;, il1&amp;amp;beta;, and lysC. More than a 10-fold increase in expression rates was observed for hsp70 in gonads and liver; for cxc in muscles and gonads; for tnf&amp;amp;alpha; in brain, gills, and liver; for il1&amp;amp;beta; in the brain, gills, gonads, and liver; and for lysC in gills, gonads, liver, and muscles. This study provides evidence that probiotics exhibiting antioxidant and antimutagenic properties can provide significant benefits in vivo within aquaculture systems. The molecular effects of these probiotics appear to be complex and tissue-specific, with both upregulation and downregulation of immune system genes observed. Nevertheless, at the organismal level, the impact was unequivocally positive in terms of aquaculture objectives, manifested as enhanced body weight gain in the fish. Consequently, these Bacillus strains warrant serious consideration as potential probiotics for this species.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 476: Potential Probiotic Bacillus Strains with Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activity Increased Weight Gain and Altered hsp70, cxc, tnf&amp;alpha;, il1&amp;beta;, and lysC Gene Expression in Clarias gariepinus</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/476">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120476</a></p> <p>Authors: Radomir Viktorovich Skripnichenko Daria Sergeevna Chelombitskaya Evgeniya Valer鈥檈vna Prazdnova Maxim Pavlovich Kulikov Alexey Mikhailovich Neurov Anna Andreevna Zaikina Vadim Alekseevich Grigoryev Marina Nikolaevna Sorokina Vladimir Anatolievich Chistyakov Michael Leonidas Chikindas Dmitriy Vladimirovich Rudoy </p> <p>The potential probiotic properties of three Bacillus strains were studied. A probiotic supplement for the African catfish Clarias gariepinus was produced via the solid-state fermentation protocol and incorporated into the fish feed for a period of seven weeks. Since the 36th day of the experiment, all experimental groups had a statistically significant increase in their weight gain than the control group. The maximum weight gain observed in fish fed the probiotic-supplemented feed was 29.16% higher than that of the control group, and the maximum feed conversion rate improvement was 24%. Cell-free extracts from these strains showed antioxidant (11.55&amp;amp;ndash;27.40%) and DNA-protective (45.33&amp;amp;ndash;61.83%) activity in a series of in vitro biosensor tests. Further investigation into the antimutagenic activity of the strains revealed that two of them reduced the level of induced mutagenesis in an Escherichia coli model (by 33.58% and 54.35%, respectively). We also assessed the impact of probiotic strains on the expression of several key genes in the host (C. gariepinus), including hsp70, cxc, tnf&amp;amp;alpha;, il1&amp;amp;beta;, and lysC. More than a 10-fold increase in expression rates was observed for hsp70 in gonads and liver; for cxc in muscles and gonads; for tnf&amp;amp;alpha; in brain, gills, and liver; for il1&amp;amp;beta; in the brain, gills, gonads, and liver; and for lysC in gills, gonads, liver, and muscles. This study provides evidence that probiotics exhibiting antioxidant and antimutagenic properties can provide significant benefits in vivo within aquaculture systems. The molecular effects of these probiotics appear to be complex and tissue-specific, with both upregulation and downregulation of immune system genes observed. Nevertheless, at the organismal level, the impact was unequivocally positive in terms of aquaculture objectives, manifested as enhanced body weight gain in the fish. Consequently, these Bacillus strains warrant serious consideration as potential probiotics for this species.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Potential Probiotic Bacillus Strains with Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activity Increased Weight Gain and Altered hsp70, cxc, tnf&amp;amp;alpha;, il1&amp;amp;beta;, and lysC Gene Expression in Clarias gariepinus</dc:title> <dc:creator>Radomir Viktorovich Skripnichenko</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daria Sergeevna Chelombitskaya</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Evgeniya Valer鈥檈vna Prazdnova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maxim Pavlovich Kulikov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alexey Mikhailovich Neurov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anna Andreevna Zaikina</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vadim Alekseevich Grigoryev</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marina Nikolaevna Sorokina</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vladimir Anatolievich Chistyakov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Michael Leonidas Chikindas</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dmitriy Vladimirovich Rudoy</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120476</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>476</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120476</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/476</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/475"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 475: A Deep Dive into the Trophic Ecology of Engraulis ringens: Assessing Diet Through Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/475</link> <description>Our study investigates the trophic ecology of the anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). The anchoveta plays a key role in the Greater Humboldt Ecosystem and is extensively exploited by countries from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. For a comprehensive study of trophic ecology, we employed a combined approach that included stomach content analysis, stable isotope analysis, and scaled mass index of body condition. Our results showed that the multivariate composition of the diet varies significantly between life stage and fishing zones in Chile. Copepods and euphausiids emerged as the dominant prey found in the stomachs across all fisheries zones. Stable isotope analysis revealed significant differences among different zones. The scaled mass index values were higher in the northern zone compared to the southern zones, for both juveniles and adults. This research carries significant implications for fisheries management and conservation efforts, such as the development of targeted management strategies that address variations in the trophic structure of anchoveta across different life stages and fishing zones.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 475: A Deep Dive into the Trophic Ecology of Engraulis ringens: Assessing Diet Through Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analysis</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/475">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120475</a></p> <p>Authors: Carolina C谩rcamo Eric T. Schultz Francisco Leiva Alvaro Saavedra Sebastian A. Klarian </p> <p>Our study investigates the trophic ecology of the anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). The anchoveta plays a key role in the Greater Humboldt Ecosystem and is extensively exploited by countries from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. For a comprehensive study of trophic ecology, we employed a combined approach that included stomach content analysis, stable isotope analysis, and scaled mass index of body condition. Our results showed that the multivariate composition of the diet varies significantly between life stage and fishing zones in Chile. Copepods and euphausiids emerged as the dominant prey found in the stomachs across all fisheries zones. Stable isotope analysis revealed significant differences among different zones. The scaled mass index values were higher in the northern zone compared to the southern zones, for both juveniles and adults. This research carries significant implications for fisheries management and conservation efforts, such as the development of targeted management strategies that address variations in the trophic structure of anchoveta across different life stages and fishing zones.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>A Deep Dive into the Trophic Ecology of Engraulis ringens: Assessing Diet Through Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Carolina C谩rcamo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Eric T. Schultz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Francisco Leiva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alvaro Saavedra</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sebastian A. Klarian</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120475</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>475</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120475</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/475</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/474"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 474: Effects of Transport Stress (Duration and Density) on the Physiological Conditions of Marbled Rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus, Cuvier 1829) Juveniles and Water Quality</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/474</link> <description>Live transportation is a critical component of fish farming and hatchery release. To optimize hatchery-release techniques and improve the survival rate of marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus, Cuvier 1829) juveniles, the effects of varying transport durations (2, 4, 6, and 8 h) and densities (60, 90, 120, and 150 kg m&amp;amp;minus;3) on the physiological indicators of the fish and water quality were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. We found that as transport duration and density increased, water quality significantly deteriorated, with ammonia nitrogen levels rising and dissolved oxygen content and pH levels decreasing. Physiological indicators including levels of lactate, cortisol, and malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase notably increased, indicating that the fish experienced heightened stress during transport. Additionally, the mortality rate of juveniles increased significantly with increasing density and transport duration. The high mortality rate might be associated with sustained elevated cortisol levels and liver damage. Our results are helpful for determining the optimal transport conditions for S. marmoratus juveniles and also provide valuable insights for improving transport techniques for other aquatic animal species.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 474: Effects of Transport Stress (Duration and Density) on the Physiological Conditions of Marbled Rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus, Cuvier 1829) Juveniles and Water Quality</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/474">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120474</a></p> <p>Authors: Jiahao Wang Kaida Xu Xinyi Chen Haoxue Wang Zhe Li </p> <p>Live transportation is a critical component of fish farming and hatchery release. To optimize hatchery-release techniques and improve the survival rate of marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus, Cuvier 1829) juveniles, the effects of varying transport durations (2, 4, 6, and 8 h) and densities (60, 90, 120, and 150 kg m&amp;amp;minus;3) on the physiological indicators of the fish and water quality were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. We found that as transport duration and density increased, water quality significantly deteriorated, with ammonia nitrogen levels rising and dissolved oxygen content and pH levels decreasing. Physiological indicators including levels of lactate, cortisol, and malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase notably increased, indicating that the fish experienced heightened stress during transport. Additionally, the mortality rate of juveniles increased significantly with increasing density and transport duration. The high mortality rate might be associated with sustained elevated cortisol levels and liver damage. Our results are helpful for determining the optimal transport conditions for S. marmoratus juveniles and also provide valuable insights for improving transport techniques for other aquatic animal species.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Transport Stress (Duration and Density) on the Physiological Conditions of Marbled Rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus, Cuvier 1829) Juveniles and Water Quality</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jiahao Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kaida Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xinyi Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Haoxue Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhe Li</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120474</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>474</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120474</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/474</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/473"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 473: Correlation Between Sensory Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Wild and Farmed Frozen Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/473</link> <description>In this study, to investigate the quality of wild and farmed frozen southern bluefin tuna, physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluations were conducted. Principal component analysis was then performed using the results obtained to examine the correlation between the bluefin tuna&amp;amp;rsquo;s taste characteristics and physicochemical properties. The sensory evaluation suggested differences in texture and acidity between wild and farmed fish, whereas the principal component analysis indicated differences in fatty acid and amino acid composition. Wild fish contained higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids, while farmed fish had higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Regarding free amino acids and dipeptides, wild fish had higher levels of anserine and alanine, whereas farmed fish showed higher levels of glutamine and histidine, and acidity was observed in farmed fish. Furthermore, based on the results of the principal component analysis, it was inferred that the content of inosinic acid, which is considered an umami component in fish, may have a low impact on palatability. These factors were suggested to influence the differences between wild and farmed tuna.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 473: Correlation Between Sensory Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Wild and Farmed Frozen Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/473">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120473</a></p> <p>Authors: Hiroki Kashikura Masafumi Yagi Yusa Nakamura Akira Sakai Kigen Takahashi Seiichi Hiratsuka Keiichi Goto </p> <p>In this study, to investigate the quality of wild and farmed frozen southern bluefin tuna, physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluations were conducted. Principal component analysis was then performed using the results obtained to examine the correlation between the bluefin tuna&amp;amp;rsquo;s taste characteristics and physicochemical properties. The sensory evaluation suggested differences in texture and acidity between wild and farmed fish, whereas the principal component analysis indicated differences in fatty acid and amino acid composition. Wild fish contained higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids, while farmed fish had higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Regarding free amino acids and dipeptides, wild fish had higher levels of anserine and alanine, whereas farmed fish showed higher levels of glutamine and histidine, and acidity was observed in farmed fish. Furthermore, based on the results of the principal component analysis, it was inferred that the content of inosinic acid, which is considered an umami component in fish, may have a low impact on palatability. These factors were suggested to influence the differences between wild and farmed tuna.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Correlation Between Sensory Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Wild and Farmed Frozen Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Hiroki Kashikura</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Masafumi Yagi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yusa Nakamura</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Akira Sakai</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kigen Takahashi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Seiichi Hiratsuka</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Keiichi Goto</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120473</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>473</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120473</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/473</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/472"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 472: When Mediterranean Artisanal Fishers Protect Coastal Ecosystems</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/472</link> <description>According to EuroStat data, the recorded landings of fisheries products from European waters were estimated at about 6 million tons in 2001, down to 3.2 million tons in 2022. This gradual decline slowed after the entering into force of the reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) at the end of 2013, but was followed by a steeper decline after 2018. This is reflected in the last assessment of the Scientific Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STEPF), noting that despite progress in the NE Atlantic management, 41% of the assessed stocks in 2022 were outside safe biological limits, down from 80% in 2003. Improvements in the Mediterranean are significantly slower. A warming ocean provokes the measurable poleward migration of species and adds stress to predator&amp;amp;ndash;prey relations in all European seas. Within this general picture, the broad-brush landscape is influenced by policy applications more in favour of industrial exploitation and regulatory and market environments, making it very hard for many small-scale fishers (SSFs) to remain in business, let alone attract younger successors for generational transition. In crowded marine spaces, it is a challenge to allocate access rights fairly between fisheries, exclusion zones for resource and habitat protection and much-needed ecosystem recovery, platforms for fossil exploitation, wind farms, underwater cables and recreational uses. Two examples of local initiatives with faunal recovery potential in the Mediterranean are briefly presented as a bottom-up complement to more top-down management approaches. They are spearheaded by artisanal fishers, who seek to restore spawning grounds and other coastal habitats as a way to procure enough fish and other complementary activities to secure their livelihoods in the future. They are supported by local scientists and nature conservation organisations. While promising, this is still rather the exception. Here, it is argued that trust-building between artisanal fishers, conservationists and scientists, and greater systemic support to SSFs by governments, increase chances for the urgently needed structural shifts that deliver the reversal in the ongoing decline in biodiversity and ocean productivity that all aspire to, to ensure sustained social and economic benefits.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 472: When Mediterranean Artisanal Fishers Protect Coastal Ecosystems</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/472">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120472</a></p> <p>Authors: Cornelia E. Nauen </p> <p>According to EuroStat data, the recorded landings of fisheries products from European waters were estimated at about 6 million tons in 2001, down to 3.2 million tons in 2022. This gradual decline slowed after the entering into force of the reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) at the end of 2013, but was followed by a steeper decline after 2018. This is reflected in the last assessment of the Scientific Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STEPF), noting that despite progress in the NE Atlantic management, 41% of the assessed stocks in 2022 were outside safe biological limits, down from 80% in 2003. Improvements in the Mediterranean are significantly slower. A warming ocean provokes the measurable poleward migration of species and adds stress to predator&amp;amp;ndash;prey relations in all European seas. Within this general picture, the broad-brush landscape is influenced by policy applications more in favour of industrial exploitation and regulatory and market environments, making it very hard for many small-scale fishers (SSFs) to remain in business, let alone attract younger successors for generational transition. In crowded marine spaces, it is a challenge to allocate access rights fairly between fisheries, exclusion zones for resource and habitat protection and much-needed ecosystem recovery, platforms for fossil exploitation, wind farms, underwater cables and recreational uses. Two examples of local initiatives with faunal recovery potential in the Mediterranean are briefly presented as a bottom-up complement to more top-down management approaches. They are spearheaded by artisanal fishers, who seek to restore spawning grounds and other coastal habitats as a way to procure enough fish and other complementary activities to secure their livelihoods in the future. They are supported by local scientists and nature conservation organisations. While promising, this is still rather the exception. Here, it is argued that trust-building between artisanal fishers, conservationists and scientists, and greater systemic support to SSFs by governments, increase chances for the urgently needed structural shifts that deliver the reversal in the ongoing decline in biodiversity and ocean productivity that all aspire to, to ensure sustained social and economic benefits.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>When Mediterranean Artisanal Fishers Protect Coastal Ecosystems</dc:title> <dc:creator>Cornelia E. Nauen</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120472</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Brief Report</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>472</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120472</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/472</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/471"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 471: Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Using GWAS and Transcriptome Analysis in Portuguese Oyster (Magallana angulata)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/471</link> <description>Portuguese oyster (Magallana angulata) is one of the most important shellfish species worldwide. Although significant improvements in growth have been achieved through artificial selection breeding, the genetic basis underlying these traits remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to (i) estimate variation and heritability for growth-related traits and (ii) identify SNPs and candidate genes associated with growth traits in Portuguese oyster. Five growth-related traits, including shell height (SH), shell length (SL), shell width (SW), whole weight (WW), and soft tissue weight (STW), were measured and analyzed in 114 one-year-old individuals from a cultivated population in Fujian Province, China. Through whole-genome sequencing and genotyping, we obtained 8,183,713 high-quality SNPs. Based on the genomic relationship matrix, heritability for the five traits was estimated, ranging from 0.071 to 0.695. Through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), a total of nine SNPs were identified as significantly or suggestively associated with one of the growth-related traits, each explaining phenotypic variation ranging from 14.13% to 18.56%. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between individuals with extreme phenotypes were identified using comparative transcriptome analysis, ranging from 868 to 2274 for each trait. By combining GWAS and comparative transcriptome analysis, a total of seven candidate genes were identified, with biological functions related to growth inhibition, stress response, cell cycle regulation, and immune defense. The associations between the candidate genes and the growth-related traits were validated by using single-marker association analysis in other populations. Based on SNPs in these candidate genes, 16 haplotypes associated with growth-related traits were obtained. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms of growth traits, and provides a theoretical basis and genetic markers for the breeding of fast-growing strains of the Portuguese oyster.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 471: Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Using GWAS and Transcriptome Analysis in Portuguese Oyster (Magallana angulata)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/471">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120471</a></p> <p>Authors: Jingyi Xie Yue Ning Yi Han Caiyuan Su Xiaoyan Zhou Qisheng Wu Xiang Guo Jianfei Qi Hui Ge Yizou Ke Mingyi Cai </p> <p>Portuguese oyster (Magallana angulata) is one of the most important shellfish species worldwide. Although significant improvements in growth have been achieved through artificial selection breeding, the genetic basis underlying these traits remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to (i) estimate variation and heritability for growth-related traits and (ii) identify SNPs and candidate genes associated with growth traits in Portuguese oyster. Five growth-related traits, including shell height (SH), shell length (SL), shell width (SW), whole weight (WW), and soft tissue weight (STW), were measured and analyzed in 114 one-year-old individuals from a cultivated population in Fujian Province, China. Through whole-genome sequencing and genotyping, we obtained 8,183,713 high-quality SNPs. Based on the genomic relationship matrix, heritability for the five traits was estimated, ranging from 0.071 to 0.695. Through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), a total of nine SNPs were identified as significantly or suggestively associated with one of the growth-related traits, each explaining phenotypic variation ranging from 14.13% to 18.56%. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between individuals with extreme phenotypes were identified using comparative transcriptome analysis, ranging from 868 to 2274 for each trait. By combining GWAS and comparative transcriptome analysis, a total of seven candidate genes were identified, with biological functions related to growth inhibition, stress response, cell cycle regulation, and immune defense. The associations between the candidate genes and the growth-related traits were validated by using single-marker association analysis in other populations. Based on SNPs in these candidate genes, 16 haplotypes associated with growth-related traits were obtained. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms of growth traits, and provides a theoretical basis and genetic markers for the breeding of fast-growing strains of the Portuguese oyster.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Using GWAS and Transcriptome Analysis in Portuguese Oyster (Magallana angulata)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jingyi Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yue Ning</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yi Han</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Caiyuan Su</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaoyan Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qisheng Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiang Guo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jianfei Qi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hui Ge</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yizou Ke</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mingyi Cai</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120471</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>471</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120471</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/471</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/470"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 470: Monitoring and Conservation of Freshwater and Marine Fishes: Synopsis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/470</link> <description>Globally, native migratory and resident fishes are declining from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem degradation resulting from physicochemical habitat alteration, migration barriers, over-exploitation, hatchery supplementation, non-native species introductions, and the climate crisis [...]</description> <pubDate>2024-11-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 470: Monitoring and Conservation of Freshwater and Marine Fishes: Synopsis</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/470">doi: 10.3390/fishes9120470</a></p> <p>Authors: Robert L. Vadas Robert M. Hughes </p> <p>Globally, native migratory and resident fishes are declining from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem degradation resulting from physicochemical habitat alteration, migration barriers, over-exploitation, hatchery supplementation, non-native species introductions, and the climate crisis [...]</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Monitoring and Conservation of Freshwater and Marine Fishes: Synopsis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Robert L. Vadas</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Robert M. Hughes</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9120470</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Editorial</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>470</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9120470</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/470</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/469"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 469: Validation of a Health Characterization Model for Tilapia Farming in a Brazilian Federative Unit</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/469</link> <description>Bras&amp;amp;iacute;lia, Distrito Federal, is among the Brazilian cities with the highest number of tilapia farms, with around 660 farms, of which 112 are commercial. The aim of this study was to validate a health characterization model for commercial tilapia production using the production chain in the Distrito Federal (DF), one of Brazil&amp;amp;rsquo;s 27 federative units, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 112 farms were categorized according to the degree of vulnerability to the introduction of pathogens and the risk of dissemination using two weighted scorecard tables that evaluated 15 items each. After calculating the mean between the two variables, the farms were classified from A (insignificant risk) to D (high risk). Most of the commercial tilapia farms in the Distrito Federal were categorized as B (39; 34.8%) and C (53; 47.3%), representing low and medium risk, respectively. When comparing the different commercial groups, a significant difference (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) was observed in the mean scores between closed-system fattening farms and both semi-closed fattening farms and pay-to-fish farms. Closed-system fattening farms, such as those using biofloc, aquaponics, and recirculation aquaculture systems, showed the lowest vulnerability to pathogen entry and the lowest risk of disease spread. The study&amp;amp;rsquo;s findings provide valuable health information for the official veterinary service of the DF, enabling the categorization of farms, identification of production units, and determination of the most vulnerable strata. Furthermore, the model can be easily applied by private companies and by official veterinary services in other states or countries with significant tilapia production that need to implement risk-based surveillance programs for tilapia farms.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-20</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 469: Validation of a Health Characterization Model for Tilapia Farming in a Brazilian Federative Unit</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/469">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110469</a></p> <p>Authors: Ricardo da Silva Raposo N谩dia Valesca Biral de Oliveira Marina Karina de Veiga Cabral Delphino Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota Fabiano Jos茅 Ferreira de Sant鈥橝na </p> <p>Bras&amp;amp;iacute;lia, Distrito Federal, is among the Brazilian cities with the highest number of tilapia farms, with around 660 farms, of which 112 are commercial. The aim of this study was to validate a health characterization model for commercial tilapia production using the production chain in the Distrito Federal (DF), one of Brazil&amp;amp;rsquo;s 27 federative units, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 112 farms were categorized according to the degree of vulnerability to the introduction of pathogens and the risk of dissemination using two weighted scorecard tables that evaluated 15 items each. After calculating the mean between the two variables, the farms were classified from A (insignificant risk) to D (high risk). Most of the commercial tilapia farms in the Distrito Federal were categorized as B (39; 34.8%) and C (53; 47.3%), representing low and medium risk, respectively. When comparing the different commercial groups, a significant difference (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) was observed in the mean scores between closed-system fattening farms and both semi-closed fattening farms and pay-to-fish farms. Closed-system fattening farms, such as those using biofloc, aquaponics, and recirculation aquaculture systems, showed the lowest vulnerability to pathogen entry and the lowest risk of disease spread. The study&amp;amp;rsquo;s findings provide valuable health information for the official veterinary service of the DF, enabling the categorization of farms, identification of production units, and determination of the most vulnerable strata. Furthermore, the model can be easily applied by private companies and by official veterinary services in other states or countries with significant tilapia production that need to implement risk-based surveillance programs for tilapia farms.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Validation of a Health Characterization Model for Tilapia Farming in a Brazilian Federative Unit</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ricardo da Silva Raposo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>N谩dia Valesca Biral de Oliveira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marina Karina de Veiga Cabral Delphino</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fabiano Jos茅 Ferreira de Sant鈥橝na</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110469</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-20</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-20</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>469</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110469</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/469</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/468"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 468: Integrate Analysis of Eyestalk Proteome and Metabolome in Precocious and Formal Juvenile Female Eriocheir sinensis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/468</link> <description>The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an economically important crustacean. With the development of the E. sisnensis industry, precocity has become a significant challenge in juvenile crab culturing. In this study, the eyestalks of female E. sinensis from precocious (PE) and normal juvenile (NE) groups were used for proteome and metabolome analyses. In total, 731 up-regulated and 657 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the PE and NE groups. In addition, 110 differentially expressed metabolites (DMs) were up-regulated and 256 were down-regulated in the PE group. An integrated analysis showed 5667 significant correlations between the metabolites and proteins and 109 common pathways in the proteome and metabolome. The proteins were mostly associated with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, longevity regulation, autophagy, and the pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways. The metabolites were primarily enriched in amino acid and lipid metabolisms. These results demonstrated the differences in the PE and NE groups at two omics levels and will be useful for the E. sinensis industry.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-18</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 468: Integrate Analysis of Eyestalk Proteome and Metabolome in Precocious and Formal Juvenile Female Eriocheir sinensis</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/468">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110468</a></p> <p>Authors: Tingshuang Pan Min Yang Tong Li He Jiang Jun Ling </p> <p>The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an economically important crustacean. With the development of the E. sisnensis industry, precocity has become a significant challenge in juvenile crab culturing. In this study, the eyestalks of female E. sinensis from precocious (PE) and normal juvenile (NE) groups were used for proteome and metabolome analyses. In total, 731 up-regulated and 657 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the PE and NE groups. In addition, 110 differentially expressed metabolites (DMs) were up-regulated and 256 were down-regulated in the PE group. An integrated analysis showed 5667 significant correlations between the metabolites and proteins and 109 common pathways in the proteome and metabolome. The proteins were mostly associated with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, longevity regulation, autophagy, and the pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways. The metabolites were primarily enriched in amino acid and lipid metabolisms. These results demonstrated the differences in the PE and NE groups at two omics levels and will be useful for the E. sinensis industry.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Integrate Analysis of Eyestalk Proteome and Metabolome in Precocious and Formal Juvenile Female Eriocheir sinensis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Tingshuang Pan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Min Yang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tong Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>He Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jun Ling</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110468</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-18</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-18</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>468</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110468</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/468</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/467"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 467: Effects of Carnosine Addition in Low-Fishmeal Feed on the Growth Performance, Muscle Antioxidant Capacity and Flesh Quality of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/467</link> <description>Carnosine is a natural dipeptide made up of L-histidine and &amp;amp;beta;-alanine which is rich in muscle tissues and has multiple physiological functions. The current research aimed to investigate the effects of varied carnosine concentrations in low-fishmeal feed on the growth, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of orange-spotted grouper. Carnosine was supplemented at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg in low-fishmeal feed. Seven groups with three tanks of fish (11.4 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.1 g/fish) were allotted one of the diets during the 8-week feeding trial. The growth rate, body protein content, muscle activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and muscle adhesiveness showed positive linear response and/or an open upward parabola with increasing carnosine concentrations, with a peak at 160 mg/kg of carnosine. Feed utilization, serum total protein content, gut trypsin activity, muscle glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, muscle hardness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience followed the same pattern as the growth rate, reaching a peak at 320 mg/kg of carnosine; while the opposite trend was observed, reaching a minimum at 320 mg/kg for muscle malondialdehyde and 160 mg/kg for muscle liquid and water loss. The results indicated that appropriate carnosine addition could improve growth performance, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of grouper. The suitable inclusion concentration was estimated to be 195.14 mg/kg to achieve the best percent weight gain.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-18</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 467: Effects of Carnosine Addition in Low-Fishmeal Feed on the Growth Performance, Muscle Antioxidant Capacity and Flesh Quality of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/467">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110467</a></p> <p>Authors: Dong Li Weijun Chen Yanxia Yin Lulu Yang Mingfan Chen Yunzhang Sun Jidan Ye </p> <p>Carnosine is a natural dipeptide made up of L-histidine and &amp;amp;beta;-alanine which is rich in muscle tissues and has multiple physiological functions. The current research aimed to investigate the effects of varied carnosine concentrations in low-fishmeal feed on the growth, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of orange-spotted grouper. Carnosine was supplemented at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg in low-fishmeal feed. Seven groups with three tanks of fish (11.4 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.1 g/fish) were allotted one of the diets during the 8-week feeding trial. The growth rate, body protein content, muscle activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and muscle adhesiveness showed positive linear response and/or an open upward parabola with increasing carnosine concentrations, with a peak at 160 mg/kg of carnosine. Feed utilization, serum total protein content, gut trypsin activity, muscle glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, muscle hardness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience followed the same pattern as the growth rate, reaching a peak at 320 mg/kg of carnosine; while the opposite trend was observed, reaching a minimum at 320 mg/kg for muscle malondialdehyde and 160 mg/kg for muscle liquid and water loss. The results indicated that appropriate carnosine addition could improve growth performance, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of grouper. The suitable inclusion concentration was estimated to be 195.14 mg/kg to achieve the best percent weight gain.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Carnosine Addition in Low-Fishmeal Feed on the Growth Performance, Muscle Antioxidant Capacity and Flesh Quality of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Dong Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Weijun Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yanxia Yin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lulu Yang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mingfan Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yunzhang Sun</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jidan Ye</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110467</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-18</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-18</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>467</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110467</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/467</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/466"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 466: Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on the Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Juvenile Furong Crucian Carp</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/466</link> <description>The impact of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, and serum biochemical indices of Furong crucian carp was examined. Five hundred and forty carp (2.35 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.08 g) were randomly assigned to nine groups and fed diets with three different protein levels (30.0, 35.0, and 40.0%) and three different lipid levels (4.0, 7.0, and 10.0%) for 60 days. The current findings revealed that the interaction effect between dietary lipid and protein levels exhibited significance for the final average weight (FAW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), energy deposition rate (EDR), whole-fish energy, ash, and fat content (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Specifically, there was a significant reduction in FAW, WGR, and SGR with increasing dietary fat supplementation. Conversely, FE, EDR, and protein efficiency ratios were significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein levels (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, serum albumin and globulin levels exhibited significant increases in response to dietary lipid inclusion (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The findings collectively indicate that Furong crucian carp fed a diet comprising 4% lipid and 30% protein exhibited the optimal growth and feed utilization. Conversely, excessive protein and lipid supplementation were detrimental to growth and resulted in the aggravation of metabolic disorders.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-16</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 466: Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on the Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Juvenile Furong Crucian Carp</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/466">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110466</a></p> <p>Authors: Zhigang He Xing Tian Jinlong Li Jiarong Guo Xiaofei Cheng Dongwu Wang </p> <p>The impact of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, and serum biochemical indices of Furong crucian carp was examined. Five hundred and forty carp (2.35 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.08 g) were randomly assigned to nine groups and fed diets with three different protein levels (30.0, 35.0, and 40.0%) and three different lipid levels (4.0, 7.0, and 10.0%) for 60 days. The current findings revealed that the interaction effect between dietary lipid and protein levels exhibited significance for the final average weight (FAW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), energy deposition rate (EDR), whole-fish energy, ash, and fat content (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Specifically, there was a significant reduction in FAW, WGR, and SGR with increasing dietary fat supplementation. Conversely, FE, EDR, and protein efficiency ratios were significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein levels (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, serum albumin and globulin levels exhibited significant increases in response to dietary lipid inclusion (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The findings collectively indicate that Furong crucian carp fed a diet comprising 4% lipid and 30% protein exhibited the optimal growth and feed utilization. Conversely, excessive protein and lipid supplementation were detrimental to growth and resulted in the aggravation of metabolic disorders.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on the Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Juvenile Furong Crucian Carp</dc:title> <dc:creator>Zhigang He</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xing Tian</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jinlong Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiarong Guo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaofei Cheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dongwu Wang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110466</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-16</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-16</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>466</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110466</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/466</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/465"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 465: Length&amp;ndash;Weight Relationship and Spatiotemporal Distribution Pattern of Three Schizothoracinae Fishes Along the Nujiang River in the Qinghai&amp;ndash;Tibetan Plateau, China</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/465</link> <description>The Qinghai&amp;amp;ndash;Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a unique ecological area that has faced issues like diminishing ecosystem stability and increasing pressures on resources and the environment. These issues have arisen as a result of the combined impact of global warming and human activities in recent times. The study of the growth and distribution patterns of schizothoracinae fishes can support guiding policy decisions about the conservation of aquatic species and ecological habitats in the QTP. The investigation on fish resources was carried out in the QTP section of the Nujiang River during the spring and autumn seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019. A total of seven sampling sites were established based on variations in elevation. According to length&amp;amp;ndash;weight relationship (LWR) analysis, Schizothorax nukiangensis mainly displayed a negative allometric growth while Ptychobarbus kaznakovi and Schizopygopsis thermalis mainly showed near isometric growth or positive allometric growth in the QTP section of the Nujiang River. Due to temperature and food abundance, the three schizothoracinae fishes showed better growth performance in autumn than spring. Spatial heterogeneity exhibited a greater influence on the LWR of S. nukiangensis and P. kaznakovi than seasonal variation. In contrast, seasonal variation on S. thermalis showed greater influence than spatial heterogeneity. According to the linear mixed effect model (LMM), both spatial factors and seasons had influence on fish growth in the QTP. Schizothorax nukiangensis was identified as the predominant species from CWL to BS, spanning an altitude range of 1800 to 2700 m. Ptychobarbus kaznakovi was identified as the main species at LL, BB, and BR, occupying an altitude range of 2700 to 3800 m. Schizopygopsis thermalis is primarily distributed at altitudes beyond 4000 m and along the tributary river Yuqu. Principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) divided schizothoracinae fish populations into three clusters by spatial differences. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo Permutation analysis revealed that habitat elevation and water temperature had a significant impact on schizothoracinae fish distribution. This article enhances our understanding of the distribution and environmental adaptation of indigenous fish in the Qinghai&amp;amp;ndash;Tibet Plateau.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-15</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 465: Length&amp;ndash;Weight Relationship and Spatiotemporal Distribution Pattern of Three Schizothoracinae Fishes Along the Nujiang River in the Qinghai&amp;ndash;Tibetan Plateau, China</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/465">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110465</a></p> <p>Authors: Mingdian Liu Weitong Xu Fengyue Zhu Xinbin Duan Shaoping Liu Daqing Chen </p> <p>The Qinghai&amp;amp;ndash;Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a unique ecological area that has faced issues like diminishing ecosystem stability and increasing pressures on resources and the environment. These issues have arisen as a result of the combined impact of global warming and human activities in recent times. The study of the growth and distribution patterns of schizothoracinae fishes can support guiding policy decisions about the conservation of aquatic species and ecological habitats in the QTP. The investigation on fish resources was carried out in the QTP section of the Nujiang River during the spring and autumn seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019. A total of seven sampling sites were established based on variations in elevation. According to length&amp;amp;ndash;weight relationship (LWR) analysis, Schizothorax nukiangensis mainly displayed a negative allometric growth while Ptychobarbus kaznakovi and Schizopygopsis thermalis mainly showed near isometric growth or positive allometric growth in the QTP section of the Nujiang River. Due to temperature and food abundance, the three schizothoracinae fishes showed better growth performance in autumn than spring. Spatial heterogeneity exhibited a greater influence on the LWR of S. nukiangensis and P. kaznakovi than seasonal variation. In contrast, seasonal variation on S. thermalis showed greater influence than spatial heterogeneity. According to the linear mixed effect model (LMM), both spatial factors and seasons had influence on fish growth in the QTP. Schizothorax nukiangensis was identified as the predominant species from CWL to BS, spanning an altitude range of 1800 to 2700 m. Ptychobarbus kaznakovi was identified as the main species at LL, BB, and BR, occupying an altitude range of 2700 to 3800 m. Schizopygopsis thermalis is primarily distributed at altitudes beyond 4000 m and along the tributary river Yuqu. Principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) divided schizothoracinae fish populations into three clusters by spatial differences. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo Permutation analysis revealed that habitat elevation and water temperature had a significant impact on schizothoracinae fish distribution. This article enhances our understanding of the distribution and environmental adaptation of indigenous fish in the Qinghai&amp;amp;ndash;Tibet Plateau.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Length&amp;amp;ndash;Weight Relationship and Spatiotemporal Distribution Pattern of Three Schizothoracinae Fishes Along the Nujiang River in the Qinghai&amp;amp;ndash;Tibetan Plateau, China</dc:title> <dc:creator>Mingdian Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Weitong Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fengyue Zhu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xinbin Duan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shaoping Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daqing Chen</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110465</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>465</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110465</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/465</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/464"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 464: Research on the Separation Technology of Kelp and Shellfish Box Based on Shellfish&amp;ndash;Kelp Mixed Culture Mode</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/464</link> <description>Aiming at the problem of floating shellfish boxes interfering with kelp harvesting when mechanized kelp harvesting is based on shellfish&amp;amp;ndash;kelp mixed culture mode, this paper combines the structural characteristics of the shellfish box itself, designs the kelp harvesting unit test bench and develops a shellfish box separator device. The key factors affecting the box separator&amp;amp;rsquo;s separation effect were derived through the theoretical analysis. The process of separation of a shellfish box by the box separator is simulated and optimized under the derived boundary conditions. The single-factor test for the separating effect of the box separator was conducted with ADAMS kinematics simulation software. The test showed the optimal utility intervals for the key factors under consideration. Further orthogonal tests were conducted for the three key factors, which were ranked in descending order of importance as box separator separation angle &amp;amp;theta;, box separator taper angle &amp;amp;beta; and box separator placement depth h. The optimal parameter combination is the box separator separation angle of 31.9&amp;amp;deg;, the box separator taper angle of 30&amp;amp;deg; and the box separator placement depth of 550 mm. Verification experiments have shown that both indicators, the farthest horizontal distance of the shellfish box and the angle of the shellfish box deviating from the box separator, meet the actual production requirements. In summary, the separator can effectively separate the shellfish box from the kelp, and the device is simple in design, quick in operation, and accomplished separation without disturbing shellfish. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the separation technology of kelp and shellfish box under shellfish&amp;amp;ndash;kelp mixed culture mode.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-15</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 464: Research on the Separation Technology of Kelp and Shellfish Box Based on Shellfish&amp;ndash;Kelp Mixed Culture Mode</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/464">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110464</a></p> <p>Authors: Yanan Wang Zehao Zha Xian Wang Yipeng Cui Xinxin Wang Duanyang Geng Hua Zhou Tongfei Sheng </p> <p>Aiming at the problem of floating shellfish boxes interfering with kelp harvesting when mechanized kelp harvesting is based on shellfish&amp;amp;ndash;kelp mixed culture mode, this paper combines the structural characteristics of the shellfish box itself, designs the kelp harvesting unit test bench and develops a shellfish box separator device. The key factors affecting the box separator&amp;amp;rsquo;s separation effect were derived through the theoretical analysis. The process of separation of a shellfish box by the box separator is simulated and optimized under the derived boundary conditions. The single-factor test for the separating effect of the box separator was conducted with ADAMS kinematics simulation software. The test showed the optimal utility intervals for the key factors under consideration. Further orthogonal tests were conducted for the three key factors, which were ranked in descending order of importance as box separator separation angle &amp;amp;theta;, box separator taper angle &amp;amp;beta; and box separator placement depth h. The optimal parameter combination is the box separator separation angle of 31.9&amp;amp;deg;, the box separator taper angle of 30&amp;amp;deg; and the box separator placement depth of 550 mm. Verification experiments have shown that both indicators, the farthest horizontal distance of the shellfish box and the angle of the shellfish box deviating from the box separator, meet the actual production requirements. In summary, the separator can effectively separate the shellfish box from the kelp, and the device is simple in design, quick in operation, and accomplished separation without disturbing shellfish. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the separation technology of kelp and shellfish box under shellfish&amp;amp;ndash;kelp mixed culture mode.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Research on the Separation Technology of Kelp and Shellfish Box Based on Shellfish&amp;amp;ndash;Kelp Mixed Culture Mode</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yanan Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zehao Zha</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xian Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yipeng Cui</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xinxin Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Duanyang Geng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hua Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tongfei Sheng</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110464</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>464</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110464</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/464</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/463"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 463: Changes in Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Recovery Conditions</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/463</link> <description>Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is the major toxic factor that interferes with the survival and growth of shrimp in saline&amp;amp;ndash;alkaline water. Gills are the main entry organ for CA toxicity in shrimp. In this study, low-salinity cultured Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to 5 mmol/L CA stress for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days to explore the physiological changes in the gills under CA stress and recovery conditions at multiple biological levels. The results showed that CA stress increased the activities of antioxidative biochemical indexes (T-AOC, T-SOD, and POD) and the relative expression levels of romo1, nrf2, and gpx genes, while it decreased the relative expression levels of the sod and hsp70 genes. In addition, CA stress also increased the relative expression levels of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (bip, ire1, and xbp1), immunity (alf, crus, pen-3 and propo), apoptosis (casp-3), detoxification metabolism (cyp450 and gst), and osmotic adjustment (ca, nka-&amp;amp;alpha;, nka-&amp;amp;beta;, vatp, nhe, clc, aqp, tip4, and ccp). Although changes in some of the physiological indexes were reversed after the CA stress was relieved, they still could not effectively recover to the control level. These results reveal that CA stress has a negative impact on physiological homeostasis in the shrimp gills by inducing oxidation and ER stress and by interfering with immunity, apoptosis, detoxification, and osmotic adjustment.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-15</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 463: Changes in Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Recovery Conditions</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/463">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110463</a></p> <p>Authors: Meng Xiao Yuxiu Nan Yukai Yang Hua Li Yafei Duan </p> <p>Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is the major toxic factor that interferes with the survival and growth of shrimp in saline&amp;amp;ndash;alkaline water. Gills are the main entry organ for CA toxicity in shrimp. In this study, low-salinity cultured Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to 5 mmol/L CA stress for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days to explore the physiological changes in the gills under CA stress and recovery conditions at multiple biological levels. The results showed that CA stress increased the activities of antioxidative biochemical indexes (T-AOC, T-SOD, and POD) and the relative expression levels of romo1, nrf2, and gpx genes, while it decreased the relative expression levels of the sod and hsp70 genes. In addition, CA stress also increased the relative expression levels of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (bip, ire1, and xbp1), immunity (alf, crus, pen-3 and propo), apoptosis (casp-3), detoxification metabolism (cyp450 and gst), and osmotic adjustment (ca, nka-&amp;amp;alpha;, nka-&amp;amp;beta;, vatp, nhe, clc, aqp, tip4, and ccp). Although changes in some of the physiological indexes were reversed after the CA stress was relieved, they still could not effectively recover to the control level. These results reveal that CA stress has a negative impact on physiological homeostasis in the shrimp gills by inducing oxidation and ER stress and by interfering with immunity, apoptosis, detoxification, and osmotic adjustment.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Changes in Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Recovery Conditions</dc:title> <dc:creator>Meng Xiao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuxiu Nan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yukai Yang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hua Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yafei Duan</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110463</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>463</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110463</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/463</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/462"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 462: Gene Expression Comparison Between the Injured Tubercule Skin of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the Scale Skin of Brill (Scophthalmus rhombus)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/462</link> <description>Turbot and brill are two congeneric commercial flatfish species with striking differences in skin organization. The calcified appendages in turbot skin are conical tubercles, while in brill, they are elasmoid scales. A skin injury involving epidermal and dermal levels was evaluated 72 h post-injury to compare the skin regeneration processes between both species. An immune-enriched 4x44k turbot oligo-microarray was used to characterize the skin transcriptome and gene expression profiles in both species. RNA-seq was also performed on the brill samples to improve transcriptome characterization and validate the microarray results. A total of 15,854 and 12,447 expressed genes were identified, respectively, in the turbot and brill skin (10,101 shared) using the oligo-microarray (11,953 and 9629 annotated). RNA-seq enabled the identification of 11,838 genes in brill skin (11,339 annotated). Functional annotation of skin transcriptomes was similar in both species, but in turbot, it was enriched on mechanisms related to maintenance of epithelial structure, mannosidase activity, phospholipid binding, and cell membranes, while in brill, it was enriched on biological and gene regulation mechanisms, tissue development, and transferase and catalytic activities. The number of DEGs identified after skin damage in brill and turbot was 439 and 143, respectively (only 14 shared). Functions related to catabolic and metabolic processes, visual and sensorial perception, response to wounding, and wound healing were enriched in turbot DEGs, while metabolism, immune response, oxidative stress, phospholipid binding, and response to stimulus were enriched in brill. The results indicate that differences may be related to the stage of wound repair due to their different skin architecture. This work provides a foundation for future studies directed at skin defense mechanisms, with practical implications in flatfish aquaculture.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-14</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 462: Gene Expression Comparison Between the Injured Tubercule Skin of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the Scale Skin of Brill (Scophthalmus rhombus)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/462">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110462</a></p> <p>Authors: Jo茫o Est锚v茫o Andr茅s Blanco-Hortas Juan A. Rubiolo 脫scar Aramburu Carlos Fern谩ndez Antonio G贸mez-Tato Deborah M. Power Paulino Mart铆nez </p> <p>Turbot and brill are two congeneric commercial flatfish species with striking differences in skin organization. The calcified appendages in turbot skin are conical tubercles, while in brill, they are elasmoid scales. A skin injury involving epidermal and dermal levels was evaluated 72 h post-injury to compare the skin regeneration processes between both species. An immune-enriched 4x44k turbot oligo-microarray was used to characterize the skin transcriptome and gene expression profiles in both species. RNA-seq was also performed on the brill samples to improve transcriptome characterization and validate the microarray results. A total of 15,854 and 12,447 expressed genes were identified, respectively, in the turbot and brill skin (10,101 shared) using the oligo-microarray (11,953 and 9629 annotated). RNA-seq enabled the identification of 11,838 genes in brill skin (11,339 annotated). Functional annotation of skin transcriptomes was similar in both species, but in turbot, it was enriched on mechanisms related to maintenance of epithelial structure, mannosidase activity, phospholipid binding, and cell membranes, while in brill, it was enriched on biological and gene regulation mechanisms, tissue development, and transferase and catalytic activities. The number of DEGs identified after skin damage in brill and turbot was 439 and 143, respectively (only 14 shared). Functions related to catabolic and metabolic processes, visual and sensorial perception, response to wounding, and wound healing were enriched in turbot DEGs, while metabolism, immune response, oxidative stress, phospholipid binding, and response to stimulus were enriched in brill. The results indicate that differences may be related to the stage of wound repair due to their different skin architecture. This work provides a foundation for future studies directed at skin defense mechanisms, with practical implications in flatfish aquaculture.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Gene Expression Comparison Between the Injured Tubercule Skin of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the Scale Skin of Brill (Scophthalmus rhombus)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jo茫o Est锚v茫o</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andr茅s Blanco-Hortas</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan A. Rubiolo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>脫scar Aramburu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carlos Fern谩ndez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Antonio G贸mez-Tato</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Deborah M. Power</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paulino Mart铆nez</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110462</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-14</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-14</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>462</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110462</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/462</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/461"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 461: The Functional Response of Estuarine Fish Communities to Hydrologic Change in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/461</link> <description>Functional assessment approaches were used to identify the responses of fish to environmental change in the San Antonio Bay System (Texas, USA). Using a 26-year coastal fisheries dataset (1993&amp;amp;ndash;2018), multivariate analyses revealed relationships between functional group abundance and freshwater inflows in the upper segments (Hynes Bay and Guadalupe Bay), but the patterns were decoupled from inflows in the lower bay segments (San Antonio Bay, Ayres Bay and Espiritu Santo Bay). In Hynes and Guadalupe Bays, freshwater migrant carnivores accounted for a significant fraction of the community irrespective of the gear, year or flow. Freshwater stragglers (omnivores and carnivores) were often present in the upper reaches of the bay. In the lower reaches, marine migrant omnivores were present during high and low flows in Espiritu Santos Bay, but only during low flows in Ayres Bay. Marine migrant carnivores were more important in gill nets irrespective of the flow conditions. The five most abundant fish were estuarine resident carnivores and omnivores, accounting for 53.5% of the community. Declines in the abundance of functional groups occurred during the 2011&amp;amp;ndash;2014 drought, with rebounds in 2015&amp;amp;ndash;2018. Functional methodologies provide insights into estuarine ecosystems and can serve as management tools to assess changes in fish assemblages.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-13</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 461: The Functional Response of Estuarine Fish Communities to Hydrologic Change in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/461">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110461</a></p> <p>Authors: Lisa A. Gonzalez Antonietta Quigg </p> <p>Functional assessment approaches were used to identify the responses of fish to environmental change in the San Antonio Bay System (Texas, USA). Using a 26-year coastal fisheries dataset (1993&amp;amp;ndash;2018), multivariate analyses revealed relationships between functional group abundance and freshwater inflows in the upper segments (Hynes Bay and Guadalupe Bay), but the patterns were decoupled from inflows in the lower bay segments (San Antonio Bay, Ayres Bay and Espiritu Santo Bay). In Hynes and Guadalupe Bays, freshwater migrant carnivores accounted for a significant fraction of the community irrespective of the gear, year or flow. Freshwater stragglers (omnivores and carnivores) were often present in the upper reaches of the bay. In the lower reaches, marine migrant omnivores were present during high and low flows in Espiritu Santos Bay, but only during low flows in Ayres Bay. Marine migrant carnivores were more important in gill nets irrespective of the flow conditions. The five most abundant fish were estuarine resident carnivores and omnivores, accounting for 53.5% of the community. Declines in the abundance of functional groups occurred during the 2011&amp;amp;ndash;2014 drought, with rebounds in 2015&amp;amp;ndash;2018. Functional methodologies provide insights into estuarine ecosystems and can serve as management tools to assess changes in fish assemblages.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Functional Response of Estuarine Fish Communities to Hydrologic Change in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem</dc:title> <dc:creator>Lisa A. Gonzalez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Antonietta Quigg</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110461</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-13</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-13</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>461</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110461</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/461</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/460"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 460: Cultivation and Growth Dynamics of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) from Hatch to Adulthood</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/460</link> <description>This study describes the first successful rearing of capelin from hatch to adulthood in a laboratory setting using intensive culture methods. Over the span of about two years, the capelin were reared in aquaculture tanks under a constant temperature of 7 &amp;amp;deg;C. The capelin demonstrated a robust linear growth during their first year of life, with a mean length increment of 0.36 mm per day. Due to their accelerated growth, some of the capelin became sexually mature as early as one year post-hatch. The first year was characterized by a rapid increase in condition factor (CF) while the second year showed a plateau. The von Bertalanffy growth equation effectively described the two-year growth of the cultivated capelin, predicting an asymptotic length (L&amp;amp;infin;) of 18.4 cm, similar to the 18.6 cm median L&amp;amp;infin; of wild Icelandic capelin (1981&amp;amp;ndash;2018 cohorts). The cultivated capelin were projected to reach this length in 2.6 years, compared to about 6 years for wild capelin. This study provides new insights into the growth dynamics of capelin and although the species is sensitive to handling, it demonstrates that intensive culture methods can be used to investigate biological aspects of this important forage species.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 460: Cultivation and Growth Dynamics of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) from Hatch to Adulthood</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/460">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110460</a></p> <p>Authors: T贸mas 脕rnason Birkir B谩r冒arson Agnar Steinarsson </p> <p>This study describes the first successful rearing of capelin from hatch to adulthood in a laboratory setting using intensive culture methods. Over the span of about two years, the capelin were reared in aquaculture tanks under a constant temperature of 7 &amp;amp;deg;C. The capelin demonstrated a robust linear growth during their first year of life, with a mean length increment of 0.36 mm per day. Due to their accelerated growth, some of the capelin became sexually mature as early as one year post-hatch. The first year was characterized by a rapid increase in condition factor (CF) while the second year showed a plateau. The von Bertalanffy growth equation effectively described the two-year growth of the cultivated capelin, predicting an asymptotic length (L&amp;amp;infin;) of 18.4 cm, similar to the 18.6 cm median L&amp;amp;infin; of wild Icelandic capelin (1981&amp;amp;ndash;2018 cohorts). The cultivated capelin were projected to reach this length in 2.6 years, compared to about 6 years for wild capelin. This study provides new insights into the growth dynamics of capelin and although the species is sensitive to handling, it demonstrates that intensive culture methods can be used to investigate biological aspects of this important forage species.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Cultivation and Growth Dynamics of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) from Hatch to Adulthood</dc:title> <dc:creator>T贸mas 脕rnason</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Birkir B谩r冒arson</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Agnar Steinarsson</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110460</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>460</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110460</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/460</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/459"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 459: Effects of Heat Stress on the Muscle Meat Quality of Rainbow Trout</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/459</link> <description>The effects of heat stress on aquatic animals are increasingly being discerned, but little is known about the effects of heat stress on muscle meat quality or the flavor of muscle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on the muscle antioxidant properties, structural and physical properties (e.g., pH, muscle color, shear force, and expressible moisture), chemical composition (e.g., nucleotides, organic acids, amino acids, and minerals), and volatile substances of rainbow trout. We observed that the antioxidant capacity of muscle decreased after stress experiments at 22.5 &amp;amp;deg;C for 24 h. The content of inflammatory factors notably increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), the pH value and red value of muscle decreased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), the interfiber space increased, and several muscle fibers were broken. Heat stress changed the contents of nucleotides, organic acids, minerals, and amino acids in muscle. The contents of IMP and AMP, which play an important role in the flavor of muscle, decreased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The contents of two amino acids that provide a sweet taste decreased; those of five amino acids that provide a bitter taste increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Heat stress also affected the amount and type of volatile substances in muscle, which affected muscle odor. These results suggest that heat stress may exert adverse effects on the oxidative stability, structure, meat quality, and flavor of muscle, requiring attention and prevention.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-11</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 459: Effects of Heat Stress on the Muscle Meat Quality of Rainbow Trout</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/459">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110459</a></p> <p>Authors: Yalan Li Changqing Zhou Yong Zhang Xingxu Zhao </p> <p>The effects of heat stress on aquatic animals are increasingly being discerned, but little is known about the effects of heat stress on muscle meat quality or the flavor of muscle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on the muscle antioxidant properties, structural and physical properties (e.g., pH, muscle color, shear force, and expressible moisture), chemical composition (e.g., nucleotides, organic acids, amino acids, and minerals), and volatile substances of rainbow trout. We observed that the antioxidant capacity of muscle decreased after stress experiments at 22.5 &amp;amp;deg;C for 24 h. The content of inflammatory factors notably increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), the pH value and red value of muscle decreased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), the interfiber space increased, and several muscle fibers were broken. Heat stress changed the contents of nucleotides, organic acids, minerals, and amino acids in muscle. The contents of IMP and AMP, which play an important role in the flavor of muscle, decreased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The contents of two amino acids that provide a sweet taste decreased; those of five amino acids that provide a bitter taste increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Heat stress also affected the amount and type of volatile substances in muscle, which affected muscle odor. These results suggest that heat stress may exert adverse effects on the oxidative stability, structure, meat quality, and flavor of muscle, requiring attention and prevention.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Heat Stress on the Muscle Meat Quality of Rainbow Trout</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yalan Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Changqing Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yong Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xingxu Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110459</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>459</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110459</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/459</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/458"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 458: Method for Non-Contact Measuring the Weight of Sturgeon in Intensive Aquaculture</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/458</link> <description>Weight information plays a pivotal role in sturgeon breeding and production management. However, manual measurement is time consuming and labor intensive due to the immense size of the sturgeon. Due to the unique body shape of the sturgeon, traditional image segmentation algorithms struggle to extract the necessary features from sturgeon images, which makes them unsuitable for this particular species. Moreover, accurately measuring weight in an occlusion environment is difficult. To address these challenges, an improved YOLOv5s model with a context augmentation module, focal-efficient intersection over union, and soft non-maximum suppression was proposed in this paper. To validate the model&amp;amp;rsquo;s feasibility, the improved YOLOv5s model was first pre-trained using the sturgeon dataset, followed by further training on the occlusion dataset for segmentation tasks. Based on the phenotypic data obtained from the improved model, a multilayer perceptron method was used to estimate the sturgeon&amp;amp;rsquo;s weight accurately. Experimental results demonstrated that the average precision of the improved YOLOv5s model reached 89.80% under occlusion conditions, and the correlation coefficient of noncontact weight measurement results reached 89.80%. The experimental results showed that the improved algorithm effectively performs segmentation of sturgeon in occlusion conditions and can accurately estimate the mass.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-10</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 458: Method for Non-Contact Measuring the Weight of Sturgeon in Intensive Aquaculture</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/458">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110458</a></p> <p>Authors: Junjie Hu Kai Lin Shiyu Zhang Rui Zhang Hongsong Li Runqiu Xia </p> <p>Weight information plays a pivotal role in sturgeon breeding and production management. However, manual measurement is time consuming and labor intensive due to the immense size of the sturgeon. Due to the unique body shape of the sturgeon, traditional image segmentation algorithms struggle to extract the necessary features from sturgeon images, which makes them unsuitable for this particular species. Moreover, accurately measuring weight in an occlusion environment is difficult. To address these challenges, an improved YOLOv5s model with a context augmentation module, focal-efficient intersection over union, and soft non-maximum suppression was proposed in this paper. To validate the model&amp;amp;rsquo;s feasibility, the improved YOLOv5s model was first pre-trained using the sturgeon dataset, followed by further training on the occlusion dataset for segmentation tasks. Based on the phenotypic data obtained from the improved model, a multilayer perceptron method was used to estimate the sturgeon&amp;amp;rsquo;s weight accurately. Experimental results demonstrated that the average precision of the improved YOLOv5s model reached 89.80% under occlusion conditions, and the correlation coefficient of noncontact weight measurement results reached 89.80%. The experimental results showed that the improved algorithm effectively performs segmentation of sturgeon in occlusion conditions and can accurately estimate the mass.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Method for Non-Contact Measuring the Weight of Sturgeon in Intensive Aquaculture</dc:title> <dc:creator>Junjie Hu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kai Lin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shiyu Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rui Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hongsong Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Runqiu Xia</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110458</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-10</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-10</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>458</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110458</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/458</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/457"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 457: The Effectiveness of Biofloc Technology and Its Application Prospects in Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Aquaculture: A Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/457</link> <description>This review aims to advance the development of biofloc technology (BFT), providing more sustainable and efficient practices for the farming of the Japanese sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). BFT is a sustainable aquaculture method that promotes nutrient recycling and effective carbon source management, offering significant advantages such as improving water quality, enhancing growth performance, and boosting the physiological activity and disease resistance of cultured animals. In A. japonicus farming, the optimal carbon source is glucose, and the ideal carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio ranges between 15 and 20. Microbial additives, such as the Bacillus species, have been shown to enhance biofloc formation and growth, as well as the immune responses in A. japonicus. However, the technology also faces limitations, including finding suitable biofloc culture protocols that match the physiological habits of A. japonicus and potential challenges with biofloc stability under varying environmental conditions. Based on existing research, this review discusses these limitations in the farming of A. japonicus. Additionally, it compares biofloc farming models for other economically important aquatic species. By addressing these key aspects, this review offers insights to enhance BFT performance, ultimately contributing to more efficient and sustainable A. japonicus aquaculture practices.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-10</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 457: The Effectiveness of Biofloc Technology and Its Application Prospects in Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Aquaculture: A Review</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/457">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110457</a></p> <p>Authors: Haoran Xiao Shufeng Li Zitong Wang Ye Tian Qiwei Zuo Fenglin Tian Yongjie Wang Chong Zhao Jun Ding </p> <p>This review aims to advance the development of biofloc technology (BFT), providing more sustainable and efficient practices for the farming of the Japanese sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). BFT is a sustainable aquaculture method that promotes nutrient recycling and effective carbon source management, offering significant advantages such as improving water quality, enhancing growth performance, and boosting the physiological activity and disease resistance of cultured animals. In A. japonicus farming, the optimal carbon source is glucose, and the ideal carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio ranges between 15 and 20. Microbial additives, such as the Bacillus species, have been shown to enhance biofloc formation and growth, as well as the immune responses in A. japonicus. However, the technology also faces limitations, including finding suitable biofloc culture protocols that match the physiological habits of A. japonicus and potential challenges with biofloc stability under varying environmental conditions. Based on existing research, this review discusses these limitations in the farming of A. japonicus. Additionally, it compares biofloc farming models for other economically important aquatic species. By addressing these key aspects, this review offers insights to enhance BFT performance, ultimately contributing to more efficient and sustainable A. japonicus aquaculture practices.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Effectiveness of Biofloc Technology and Its Application Prospects in Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Aquaculture: A Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Haoran Xiao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shufeng Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zitong Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ye Tian</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qiwei Zuo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fenglin Tian</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yongjie Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chong Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jun Ding</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110457</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-10</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-10</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>457</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110457</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/457</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/456"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 456: Antioxidants, ACE I Inhibitory Peptides, and Physicochemical Composition, with a Special Focus on Trace Elements and Pollutants, of SPRING Spawning Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) Milt and Hydrolysates for Functional Food Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/456</link> <description>Norwegian spring spawning (NVG) herring milt is a raw material with high nutritional and functional values. However, its incorporation into food presents physicochemical and sensory challenges. Its high DNA content, the presence of TMA/TMAO and possibly heavy metal and/or environmental pollutants, and its bitter taste due to amino acids or peptides requires a careful approach to food development. Hydrolysis with food-grade enzymes enable an improvement in both the functional and sensory properties of the substrate and the increased stability of the raw materials and end products. HLPC, GC-MS, and in vitro protocols were used for the characterisation of manually extracted material (sample code: HMC) and milt from a fish-filleting line from early spring/late autumn catches. Three different food-grade protein hydrolysates were prepared from these raw materials (sample codes: H1, H2, and H3) as a means to estimate their functional food development potential. Combinations of three commercial enzymatic preparations were applied, targeting specific sensory properties. Parameters related to consumer safety (e.g., the presence of heavy metals and TMA/TMAO); beneficial health effects, such as antioxidant or antihypertensive bioactivities (measured using in vitro TAC, ORAC, DPPH, and ACE I inhibitory activity assays); the presence of beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients; and the protein quality were studied. On the basis of their total amino acid compositions, freeze-dried herring milt and hydrolysates could provide high-quality protein with most of the essential amino acids and taurine. Powdered milt has a particularly high fatty acid profile of bioavailable omega-3 fatty acids (2024.06 mg/100 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and 884 mg/100 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3)). The experimentally measured levels of arsenic (3.9 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.2 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.15 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.05 mg/kg) were higher than the levels of the other two heavy metals (mercury and lead). The bioactivity is concentration-dependent. Overall, this work presents complementary information for the future utilisation of C. harengus powdered milt (possibly obtained directly from a fish-filleting line) and some of its protein hydrolysates as food ingredients.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-09</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 456: Antioxidants, ACE I Inhibitory Peptides, and Physicochemical Composition, with a Special Focus on Trace Elements and Pollutants, of SPRING Spawning Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) Milt and Hydrolysates for Functional Food Applications</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/456">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110456</a></p> <p>Authors: Miroslava R. Atanassova Janne K. Stangeland Simon E. Lausen Thomas H. Dahl Trygg Barnung Wenche E. Larssen </p> <p>Norwegian spring spawning (NVG) herring milt is a raw material with high nutritional and functional values. However, its incorporation into food presents physicochemical and sensory challenges. Its high DNA content, the presence of TMA/TMAO and possibly heavy metal and/or environmental pollutants, and its bitter taste due to amino acids or peptides requires a careful approach to food development. Hydrolysis with food-grade enzymes enable an improvement in both the functional and sensory properties of the substrate and the increased stability of the raw materials and end products. HLPC, GC-MS, and in vitro protocols were used for the characterisation of manually extracted material (sample code: HMC) and milt from a fish-filleting line from early spring/late autumn catches. Three different food-grade protein hydrolysates were prepared from these raw materials (sample codes: H1, H2, and H3) as a means to estimate their functional food development potential. Combinations of three commercial enzymatic preparations were applied, targeting specific sensory properties. Parameters related to consumer safety (e.g., the presence of heavy metals and TMA/TMAO); beneficial health effects, such as antioxidant or antihypertensive bioactivities (measured using in vitro TAC, ORAC, DPPH, and ACE I inhibitory activity assays); the presence of beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients; and the protein quality were studied. On the basis of their total amino acid compositions, freeze-dried herring milt and hydrolysates could provide high-quality protein with most of the essential amino acids and taurine. Powdered milt has a particularly high fatty acid profile of bioavailable omega-3 fatty acids (2024.06 mg/100 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and 884 mg/100 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3)). The experimentally measured levels of arsenic (3.9 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.2 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.15 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.05 mg/kg) were higher than the levels of the other two heavy metals (mercury and lead). The bioactivity is concentration-dependent. Overall, this work presents complementary information for the future utilisation of C. harengus powdered milt (possibly obtained directly from a fish-filleting line) and some of its protein hydrolysates as food ingredients.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Antioxidants, ACE I Inhibitory Peptides, and Physicochemical Composition, with a Special Focus on Trace Elements and Pollutants, of SPRING Spawning Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) Milt and Hydrolysates for Functional Food Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Miroslava R. Atanassova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Janne K. Stangeland</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Simon E. Lausen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Thomas H. Dahl</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Trygg Barnung</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wenche E. Larssen</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110456</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>456</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110456</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/456</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/455"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 455: Ultimate Fighting Crab: Agonistic Behaviour, Dominance, and Recognition in the Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/455</link> <description>Edible crabs (Cancer pagurus) are an economically important species for Scottish inshore fisheries, with an estimated annual landing value of GBP 16 million (2023). Research into the behaviour, particularly agonistic behaviour, of this species is currently lacking. This paper aims to investigate behaviour, social interactions, potential hierarchies, and the impact of claw size on the outcomes of agonistic interactions of male C. pagurus through behavioural trials and retrials. Crabs were semi-randomly assigned to pairs (based on allocated condition index rating) and introduced to one another in trial tanks. Each pair underwent two trials, 24 h apart (the &amp;amp;ldquo;trial&amp;amp;rdquo; and &amp;amp;ldquo;retrial&amp;amp;rdquo;). Analyses of video records of agonistic bouts revealed that 77% of retrials were won by the initial victors, with a significant decrease in fight time between trials and retrials. Fight time was not correlated with weapon size (claw length, height, and depth). There were no differences in weapon size of winners and losers of bouts. Winners exhibited a significantly higher frequency of aggressive and dominant behaviours (approach, aggressive contact, threat displays, and mounting), and losers exhibited higher frequencies of submissive behaviours (withdrawal, retracting limbs, and remaining motionless). These results suggest that individual behaviour may play more of a role in dominance than size or other morphometric characteristics.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-09</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 455: Ultimate Fighting Crab: Agonistic Behaviour, Dominance, and Recognition in the Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/455">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110455</a></p> <p>Authors: Finlay James Archibald Hamilton Jonathan David Wilkes Kevin Scott </p> <p>Edible crabs (Cancer pagurus) are an economically important species for Scottish inshore fisheries, with an estimated annual landing value of GBP 16 million (2023). Research into the behaviour, particularly agonistic behaviour, of this species is currently lacking. This paper aims to investigate behaviour, social interactions, potential hierarchies, and the impact of claw size on the outcomes of agonistic interactions of male C. pagurus through behavioural trials and retrials. Crabs were semi-randomly assigned to pairs (based on allocated condition index rating) and introduced to one another in trial tanks. Each pair underwent two trials, 24 h apart (the &amp;amp;ldquo;trial&amp;amp;rdquo; and &amp;amp;ldquo;retrial&amp;amp;rdquo;). Analyses of video records of agonistic bouts revealed that 77% of retrials were won by the initial victors, with a significant decrease in fight time between trials and retrials. Fight time was not correlated with weapon size (claw length, height, and depth). There were no differences in weapon size of winners and losers of bouts. Winners exhibited a significantly higher frequency of aggressive and dominant behaviours (approach, aggressive contact, threat displays, and mounting), and losers exhibited higher frequencies of submissive behaviours (withdrawal, retracting limbs, and remaining motionless). These results suggest that individual behaviour may play more of a role in dominance than size or other morphometric characteristics.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Ultimate Fighting Crab: Agonistic Behaviour, Dominance, and Recognition in the Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Finlay James Archibald Hamilton</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jonathan David Wilkes</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kevin Scott</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110455</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>455</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110455</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/455</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/454"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 454: Distribution, Occupancy, and Habitat of the Endangered Carolina Madtom: Implications for Recovery of an Endemic Stream Fish</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/454</link> <description>Endemic fish are important components of freshwater ecosystems because they contribute to biodiversity and provide vital ecological functions. The Carolina Madtom, Noturus furiosus, is a small catfish endemic to the Neuse and Tar river basins of North Carolina, USA. Three previous surveys over the past 60 years have shown declining occurrence and abundance in the basins, and as such, the species was listed as federally endangered in 2021. To provide critical information to guide Carolina Madtom conservation and recovery strategies, we surveyed 36 sites (75 locations) in both basins to (1) determine the current distribution of the Carolina Madtom, (2) develop occupancy models to estimate probability of detection and occurrence of the species throughout its range, and (3) determine its instream habitat use and suitability. We collected 59 Carolina Madtom during snorkel surveys in the Tar River basin and none from the Neuse River basin, indicating that Carolina Madtom populations are still declining in both occurrence and abundance throughout their historical and recent range, especially in the Neuse River basin. Occupancy modeling estimated low occupancy probability (0.35), while detection probability was high (0.81). Carolina Madtom occupied slow-to-moderate velocity water over sand and gravel substrate, using cobble and woody debris as cover. Habitat suitability distributions quantified the most suitable ranges of microhabitat parameters for Carolina Madtom occupancy. A comparison of available suitable habitat in the two river basins revealed that adequate suitable habitat was available in both basins, suggesting that other factors such as pollution or predation from the non-native Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, may be contributing to population declines. The application of our results will aid in management and recovery actions for the species.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 454: Distribution, Occupancy, and Habitat of the Endangered Carolina Madtom: Implications for Recovery of an Endemic Stream Fish</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/454">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110454</a></p> <p>Authors: W. Robert Cope Thomas J. Kwak Tyler R. Black Krishna Pacifici Jennifer M. Archambault W. Gregory Cope </p> <p>Endemic fish are important components of freshwater ecosystems because they contribute to biodiversity and provide vital ecological functions. The Carolina Madtom, Noturus furiosus, is a small catfish endemic to the Neuse and Tar river basins of North Carolina, USA. Three previous surveys over the past 60 years have shown declining occurrence and abundance in the basins, and as such, the species was listed as federally endangered in 2021. To provide critical information to guide Carolina Madtom conservation and recovery strategies, we surveyed 36 sites (75 locations) in both basins to (1) determine the current distribution of the Carolina Madtom, (2) develop occupancy models to estimate probability of detection and occurrence of the species throughout its range, and (3) determine its instream habitat use and suitability. We collected 59 Carolina Madtom during snorkel surveys in the Tar River basin and none from the Neuse River basin, indicating that Carolina Madtom populations are still declining in both occurrence and abundance throughout their historical and recent range, especially in the Neuse River basin. Occupancy modeling estimated low occupancy probability (0.35), while detection probability was high (0.81). Carolina Madtom occupied slow-to-moderate velocity water over sand and gravel substrate, using cobble and woody debris as cover. Habitat suitability distributions quantified the most suitable ranges of microhabitat parameters for Carolina Madtom occupancy. A comparison of available suitable habitat in the two river basins revealed that adequate suitable habitat was available in both basins, suggesting that other factors such as pollution or predation from the non-native Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, may be contributing to population declines. The application of our results will aid in management and recovery actions for the species.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Distribution, Occupancy, and Habitat of the Endangered Carolina Madtom: Implications for Recovery of an Endemic Stream Fish</dc:title> <dc:creator>W. Robert Cope</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Thomas J. Kwak</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tyler R. Black</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Krishna Pacifici</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jennifer M. Archambault</dc:creator> <dc:creator>W. Gregory Cope</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110454</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>454</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110454</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/454</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/453"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 453: Artificial Induction of Spawning in Threeline Grunt, Parapristipoma trilineatum Under Controlled Environmental Conditions</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/453</link> <description>The threeline grunt (Parapristipoma&amp;amp;nbsp;trilineatum) is a recently introduced aquaculture species that has attracted considerable interest in Korea. However, research on its aquaculture potential and reproductive biology remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the natural reproductive cycle and the feasibility of manipulating the spawning period of the threeline grunt through environmental control. We designed an environmental changes protocol involving a gradual increase in water temperature (16 &amp;amp;deg;C &amp;amp;rarr; 21 &amp;amp;deg;C) and extension of photoperiod (10 L &amp;amp;rarr; 14 L) from January to April and compared the group exposed to these conditions to those maintained under natural conditions. The experimental group exhibited significantly higher plasma sex steroid hormone levels at 60 and 90 days and significantly higher gonadosomatic index at 100 days. In addition, the experimental group spawned between April and June, approximately 2 months earlier than that of the control group. Despite earlier spawning, no significant differences were found in egg diameter, hatching rate, and larval notochord length. These findings suggest that spawning can be accelerated through photothermal changes without negatively impacting egg and larval quality. This study provides valuable insights into the reproductive biology of the threeline grunt and highlights the potential of utilizing photothermal control to enhance its aquaculture production.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 453: Artificial Induction of Spawning in Threeline Grunt, Parapristipoma trilineatum Under Controlled Environmental Conditions</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/453">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110453</a></p> <p>Authors: Jin Woo Park Jeong-Hyeon Cho Seong Il Baek Kang-Hee Im Yong-Woon Ryu </p> <p>The threeline grunt (Parapristipoma&amp;amp;nbsp;trilineatum) is a recently introduced aquaculture species that has attracted considerable interest in Korea. However, research on its aquaculture potential and reproductive biology remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the natural reproductive cycle and the feasibility of manipulating the spawning period of the threeline grunt through environmental control. We designed an environmental changes protocol involving a gradual increase in water temperature (16 &amp;amp;deg;C &amp;amp;rarr; 21 &amp;amp;deg;C) and extension of photoperiod (10 L &amp;amp;rarr; 14 L) from January to April and compared the group exposed to these conditions to those maintained under natural conditions. The experimental group exhibited significantly higher plasma sex steroid hormone levels at 60 and 90 days and significantly higher gonadosomatic index at 100 days. In addition, the experimental group spawned between April and June, approximately 2 months earlier than that of the control group. Despite earlier spawning, no significant differences were found in egg diameter, hatching rate, and larval notochord length. These findings suggest that spawning can be accelerated through photothermal changes without negatively impacting egg and larval quality. This study provides valuable insights into the reproductive biology of the threeline grunt and highlights the potential of utilizing photothermal control to enhance its aquaculture production.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Artificial Induction of Spawning in Threeline Grunt, Parapristipoma trilineatum Under Controlled Environmental Conditions</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jin Woo Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jeong-Hyeon Cho</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Seong Il Baek</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kang-Hee Im</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yong-Woon Ryu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110453</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>453</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110453</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/453</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/452"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 452: Transcriptomic Analysis of Non-Specific Immune Responses in the Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Infected with Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/452</link> <description>Parasitic infestations present significant threats to the physiological health and ecological stability of aquatic species, frequently compromising immune defenses and elevating mortality rates. This study was conducted to elucidate the non-specific immune responses induced by Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus infection in Monopterus albus, with a focus on intestinal histopathology and transcriptome gene expression. A histopathological examination revealed minor alterations in intestinal villi under low-level infection. A transcriptome analysis, performed using Illumina sequencing technology, identified 347 upregulated and 298 downregulated genes involved in critical biological pathways, such as lipid metabolism, immune responses, and the regulation of inflammatory processes. GO and KEGG analyses indicated the upregulation of immune-related pathways, including the RIG-I-like and IL-17 signaling pathways, highlighting a robust intestinal immune response. Conversely, the complement pathway was found to be downregulated, with significant suppression of C9, suggesting that the parasite may engage in immune evasion. Fluorescein-labeled C9 antibody assays confirmed reduced complement C9 levels in the infected tissues. A real-time PCR analysis identified the differential expression of eight genes, including C5, maats1, CFI, and gmnc, which were consistent with the sequencing results. These findings suggest that Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus infection compromises intestinal health, induces inflammation, and activates non-specific immune responses in Monopterus albus. However, Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus appears to evade the host immune response by suppressing the activation of complement components, thereby facilitating its reproductive parasitism.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-05</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 452: Transcriptomic Analysis of Non-Specific Immune Responses in the Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Infected with Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/452">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110452</a></p> <p>Authors: Qin Lei Xiaoling Li Hao Wu Yiwen Wan Yukun Xie Jinwei Gao Wenwen Suo Ming Zeng Lingli Liu Dongsheng Ou Zhonggui Xie Rui Song </p> <p>Parasitic infestations present significant threats to the physiological health and ecological stability of aquatic species, frequently compromising immune defenses and elevating mortality rates. This study was conducted to elucidate the non-specific immune responses induced by Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus infection in Monopterus albus, with a focus on intestinal histopathology and transcriptome gene expression. A histopathological examination revealed minor alterations in intestinal villi under low-level infection. A transcriptome analysis, performed using Illumina sequencing technology, identified 347 upregulated and 298 downregulated genes involved in critical biological pathways, such as lipid metabolism, immune responses, and the regulation of inflammatory processes. GO and KEGG analyses indicated the upregulation of immune-related pathways, including the RIG-I-like and IL-17 signaling pathways, highlighting a robust intestinal immune response. Conversely, the complement pathway was found to be downregulated, with significant suppression of C9, suggesting that the parasite may engage in immune evasion. Fluorescein-labeled C9 antibody assays confirmed reduced complement C9 levels in the infected tissues. A real-time PCR analysis identified the differential expression of eight genes, including C5, maats1, CFI, and gmnc, which were consistent with the sequencing results. These findings suggest that Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus infection compromises intestinal health, induces inflammation, and activates non-specific immune responses in Monopterus albus. However, Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus appears to evade the host immune response by suppressing the activation of complement components, thereby facilitating its reproductive parasitism.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Transcriptomic Analysis of Non-Specific Immune Responses in the Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Infected with Pallisentis (Neosentis) celatus</dc:title> <dc:creator>Qin Lei</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaoling Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hao Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yiwen Wan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yukun Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jinwei Gao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wenwen Suo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ming Zeng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lingli Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dongsheng Ou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhonggui Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rui Song</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110452</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>452</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110452</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/452</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/451"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 451: Exploring Policy of Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries in China: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/451</link> <description>China plays a significant role in the global fishing industry. The small-scale fisheries (SSFs) operating along its coast have made noteworthy and invaluable contributions in the areas of poverty alleviation, protein provision, social equity, and overall socioeconomic development. Coastal small-scale fishing management is a persistent challenge for all fishing nations, including China. In recent years, China has made significant strides in adopting scientific and refined approaches to fishery management in this sector. This paper provides an overview of the development of China&amp;amp;rsquo;s coastal fishery management practices, including changes in policies, methods, and modes since the establishment of the People&amp;amp;rsquo;s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. To address these challenges, this research seeks to enhance the governance system of small-scale coastal fisheries by assessing values from three dimensions: society, economy, and ecology.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-04</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 451: Exploring Policy of Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries in China: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/451">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110451</a></p> <p>Authors: Minsi Xiong Zuli Wu Guangrui Qi Keji Jiang Na Zhao Wei Jiang </p> <p>China plays a significant role in the global fishing industry. The small-scale fisheries (SSFs) operating along its coast have made noteworthy and invaluable contributions in the areas of poverty alleviation, protein provision, social equity, and overall socioeconomic development. Coastal small-scale fishing management is a persistent challenge for all fishing nations, including China. In recent years, China has made significant strides in adopting scientific and refined approaches to fishery management in this sector. This paper provides an overview of the development of China&amp;amp;rsquo;s coastal fishery management practices, including changes in policies, methods, and modes since the establishment of the People&amp;amp;rsquo;s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. To address these challenges, this research seeks to enhance the governance system of small-scale coastal fisheries by assessing values from three dimensions: society, economy, and ecology.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Exploring Policy of Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries in China: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects</dc:title> <dc:creator>Minsi Xiong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zuli Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Guangrui Qi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Keji Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Na Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wei Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110451</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>451</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110451</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/451</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/450"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 450: Integrated Aquaculture and Monoculture of Low-Trophic Species</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/450</link> <description>Aquaculture is undoubtedly a critical sector for satisfying the needs of a growing human population and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030 [...]</description> <pubDate>2024-11-04</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 450: Integrated Aquaculture and Monoculture of Low-Trophic Species</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/450">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110450</a></p> <p>Authors: Wagner C. Valenti Eduardo Luis Ballester </p> <p>Aquaculture is undoubtedly a critical sector for satisfying the needs of a growing human population and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030 [...]</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Integrated Aquaculture and Monoculture of Low-Trophic Species</dc:title> <dc:creator>Wagner C. Valenti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Eduardo Luis Ballester</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110450</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Editorial</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>450</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110450</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/450</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/449"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 449: Toxicity of Low-Level Multiple-Mycotoxin Mixture in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Is Prevented with Organically Modified Clinoptilolite Feed Additive</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/449</link> <description>Organically modified clinoptilolite (member of the zeolite family of minerals; MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg;) feed additive, with an average weight of 30 &amp;amp;plusmn; 2 g, was used to prevent mycotoxicosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through its supplementation for 42 days to the diet contaminated with multiple mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (40 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg), fumonisin B1 and B2 (600 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg), zearalenone (50 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg), and deoxynivalenol (150 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg). The fish were divided randomly into four experimental groups (basal diet control&amp;amp;mdash;C; fed 2 g/kg MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg;&amp;amp;mdash;MZ; fed multiple mycotoxins&amp;amp;mdash;MT; and fed a combination of MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg; and multiple mycotoxins&amp;amp;mdash;MZ + MT). Each group consisted of triplicate aquarium setups, with six fish in each replicate. Sampling was performed in weeks 2, 4, and 6. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the MZ group compared with the MT group and the MT + MZ group in week 6. An overall decrease in the neutrophil count was observed in the experimental groups. Histopathological analysis was performed in weeks 2 and 6, revealing significant changes in the liver, intestines, kidney, and spleen of fish from the MT group, while the MT + MZ and MZ groups were similar to the control. The addition of 2 g/kg MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg; has the ability to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of multiple mycotoxins in juvenile Nile tilapia.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-02</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 449: Toxicity of Low-Level Multiple-Mycotoxin Mixture in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Is Prevented with Organically Modified Clinoptilolite Feed Additive</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/449">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110449</a></p> <p>Authors: Wanvisa Hussein Konrad Wojnarowski Paulina Cholewi艅ska Worrayanee Thammatorn Natalia Szeligowska Nemanja Todorovi膰 Ferenc Baska Jiraporn Rojtinnakorn Du拧an Pali膰 </p> <p>Organically modified clinoptilolite (member of the zeolite family of minerals; MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg;) feed additive, with an average weight of 30 &amp;amp;plusmn; 2 g, was used to prevent mycotoxicosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through its supplementation for 42 days to the diet contaminated with multiple mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (40 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg), fumonisin B1 and B2 (600 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg), zearalenone (50 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg), and deoxynivalenol (150 &amp;amp;micro;g/kg). The fish were divided randomly into four experimental groups (basal diet control&amp;amp;mdash;C; fed 2 g/kg MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg;&amp;amp;mdash;MZ; fed multiple mycotoxins&amp;amp;mdash;MT; and fed a combination of MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg; and multiple mycotoxins&amp;amp;mdash;MZ + MT). Each group consisted of triplicate aquarium setups, with six fish in each replicate. Sampling was performed in weeks 2, 4, and 6. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the MZ group compared with the MT group and the MT + MZ group in week 6. An overall decrease in the neutrophil count was observed in the experimental groups. Histopathological analysis was performed in weeks 2 and 6, revealing significant changes in the liver, intestines, kidney, and spleen of fish from the MT group, while the MT + MZ and MZ groups were similar to the control. The addition of 2 g/kg MinazelPlus&amp;amp;reg; has the ability to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of multiple mycotoxins in juvenile Nile tilapia.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Toxicity of Low-Level Multiple-Mycotoxin Mixture in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Is Prevented with Organically Modified Clinoptilolite Feed Additive</dc:title> <dc:creator>Wanvisa Hussein</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Konrad Wojnarowski</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paulina Cholewi艅ska</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Worrayanee Thammatorn</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Natalia Szeligowska</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nemanja Todorovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ferenc Baska</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiraporn Rojtinnakorn</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Du拧an Pali膰</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110449</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-02</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-02</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>449</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110449</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/449</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/448"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 448: A New Mutagenesis Tool for Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for Selective Breeding: Atmospheric-Pressure Room-Temperature Plasma Mutagenesis Technology</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/448</link> <description>As a new, safe, and efficient method, Atmospheric-Pressure Room-Temperature Plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis has been widely applied in the field of microbial breeding and industrial applications, but it is rarely used in fish. In this study, ARTP mutagenesis technology was applied for the first time to a common carp strain, Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), to increase genetic variation in this species. The appropriate experimental conditions were determined to include a radio frequency output power of 160 W and the processing of fertilized eggs for 360 s. The ARTP treatment group had a lower survival rate than the control group. The CV of morphological characters in the ARTP treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the CV of body weight was the highest (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, the deformity rate in the ARTP treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Individuals with high weight and no deformities were screened within the selection pressure of 1:15 of ARTP treatment group and fed in the same pool with the control group of the same age. The measurement of serum indices showed that, in the ARTP treatment group, TP, ALP, ALB, T-CHO, LDL levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expressions of SOD, growth-related genes GH, IGF-I, protein synthesis-related genes TOR and 4EBP1 were significantly higher in the ARTP treatment group than in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In summary, Songpu mirror carp subjected to ARTP treatment showed a higher growth potential and antioxidant capacity.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-01</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 448: A New Mutagenesis Tool for Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for Selective Breeding: Atmospheric-Pressure Room-Temperature Plasma Mutagenesis Technology</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/448">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110448</a></p> <p>Authors: Xiaona Jiang Chitao Li Mei Shang Xuesong Hu Yanlong Ge Zhiying Jia </p> <p>As a new, safe, and efficient method, Atmospheric-Pressure Room-Temperature Plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis has been widely applied in the field of microbial breeding and industrial applications, but it is rarely used in fish. In this study, ARTP mutagenesis technology was applied for the first time to a common carp strain, Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), to increase genetic variation in this species. The appropriate experimental conditions were determined to include a radio frequency output power of 160 W and the processing of fertilized eggs for 360 s. The ARTP treatment group had a lower survival rate than the control group. The CV of morphological characters in the ARTP treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the CV of body weight was the highest (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, the deformity rate in the ARTP treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Individuals with high weight and no deformities were screened within the selection pressure of 1:15 of ARTP treatment group and fed in the same pool with the control group of the same age. The measurement of serum indices showed that, in the ARTP treatment group, TP, ALP, ALB, T-CHO, LDL levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expressions of SOD, growth-related genes GH, IGF-I, protein synthesis-related genes TOR and 4EBP1 were significantly higher in the ARTP treatment group than in the control group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In summary, Songpu mirror carp subjected to ARTP treatment showed a higher growth potential and antioxidant capacity.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>A New Mutagenesis Tool for Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for Selective Breeding: Atmospheric-Pressure Room-Temperature Plasma Mutagenesis Technology</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xiaona Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chitao Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mei Shang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xuesong Hu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yanlong Ge</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhiying Jia</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110448</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>448</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110448</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/448</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/447"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 447: Depletion Estimation, Stock&amp;ndash;Recruitment Relationships, and Interpretation of Biomass Reference Points</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/447</link> <description>Stock depletion level is an important concept in the assessment and management of exploited fish stocks because it is often used in conjunction with reference points to infer stock status. Both the depletion level and reference points can be highly dependent on the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship. Here, we show how depletion level is estimated in stock assessment models, what data inform the depletion level, and how the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship influences the depletion level. There are a variety of data that provide information on abundance. In addition, to estimate the depletion level, unexploited absolute abundance needs to be determined. This often means extrapolating the abundance back in time to the start of the fishery, accounting for the removals and the productivity. Uncertainty in the depletion level arises because the model can account for the same removals by either estimating low productivity (e.g., low natural mortality) and high carrying capacity or high productivity and a low carrying capacity, and by estimating different relationships between productivity and depletion level, which are strongly controlled by the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship. Therefore, estimates of depletion are particularly sensitive to uncertainty in the biological processes related to natural mortality and the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship and to growth when length composition data are used. In addition, depletion-based reference points are highly dependent on the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship and need to account for recruitment variability, particularly autocorrelation, trends, and regime shifts. Future research needs to focus on estimating natural mortality, the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship, asymptotic length, shape of the selectivity curve, or management strategies that are robust to uncertainty in these parameters. Tagging studies, including close-kin mark-recapture, can address some of these issues. However, the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship will remain uncertain.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-01</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 447: Depletion Estimation, Stock&amp;ndash;Recruitment Relationships, and Interpretation of Biomass Reference Points</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/447">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110447</a></p> <p>Authors: Mark N. Maunder Kevin R. Piner </p> <p>Stock depletion level is an important concept in the assessment and management of exploited fish stocks because it is often used in conjunction with reference points to infer stock status. Both the depletion level and reference points can be highly dependent on the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship. Here, we show how depletion level is estimated in stock assessment models, what data inform the depletion level, and how the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship influences the depletion level. There are a variety of data that provide information on abundance. In addition, to estimate the depletion level, unexploited absolute abundance needs to be determined. This often means extrapolating the abundance back in time to the start of the fishery, accounting for the removals and the productivity. Uncertainty in the depletion level arises because the model can account for the same removals by either estimating low productivity (e.g., low natural mortality) and high carrying capacity or high productivity and a low carrying capacity, and by estimating different relationships between productivity and depletion level, which are strongly controlled by the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship. Therefore, estimates of depletion are particularly sensitive to uncertainty in the biological processes related to natural mortality and the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship and to growth when length composition data are used. In addition, depletion-based reference points are highly dependent on the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship and need to account for recruitment variability, particularly autocorrelation, trends, and regime shifts. Future research needs to focus on estimating natural mortality, the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship, asymptotic length, shape of the selectivity curve, or management strategies that are robust to uncertainty in these parameters. Tagging studies, including close-kin mark-recapture, can address some of these issues. However, the stock&amp;amp;ndash;recruitment relationship will remain uncertain.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Depletion Estimation, Stock&amp;amp;ndash;Recruitment Relationships, and Interpretation of Biomass Reference Points</dc:title> <dc:creator>Mark N. Maunder</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kevin R. Piner</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110447</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>447</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110447</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/447</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/446"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 446: Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microorganisms of Red Sea Bream, Pagrus major</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/446</link> <description>This study investigated the influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto (BSN) on various physiological parameters in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Key areas of focus included growth performance, enzymatic activity related to digestion, blood biochemical markers, immune function, and intestinal microorganisms. Fish were fed diets containing the following five levels of BSN: 0 (BN0), 1 &amp;amp;times; 107 (BN1), 1 &amp;amp;times; 108 (BN2), 1 &amp;amp;times; 109 (BN3), and 1 &amp;amp;times; 1010 (BN4) CFU kg&amp;amp;minus;1 for 56 days. Fish in the BN3 and BN4 groups exhibited significantly enhanced growth performance compared to the BN0 group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, the activities of amylase and protease were markedly higher in the BN3 and BN4 groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), while lipase activity was significantly elevated in fish fed the BN3 diet (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Plasma total protein levels also showed a significant increase in the BN3 group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Hematocrit values were significantly improved in the BN2, BN3, and BN4 groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The intestinal microbiota of the BN4 group revealed a significant increase in the populations of B. subtilis and Lactobacillus, along with a notable decrease in Escherichia coli, compared to all other groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The observed improvements in specific growth rate and the upregulation of growth-related gene expression further highlight the potential of BSN to enhance the growth performance of red sea bream. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with BSN at 1 &amp;amp;times; 109 and 1 &amp;amp;times; 1010 CFU kg&amp;amp;minus;1 shows promise in improving the growth, health, and immune response of red sea bream.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-31</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 446: Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microorganisms of Red Sea Bream, Pagrus major</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/446">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110446</a></p> <p>Authors: Yukun Zhang Manabu Ishikawa Shunsuke Koshio Saichiro Yokoyama Serge Dossou Weilong Wang Seok Seo Jiayi Chen Shuang Zheng Xiaoxiao Zhang </p> <p>This study investigated the influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto (BSN) on various physiological parameters in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Key areas of focus included growth performance, enzymatic activity related to digestion, blood biochemical markers, immune function, and intestinal microorganisms. Fish were fed diets containing the following five levels of BSN: 0 (BN0), 1 &amp;amp;times; 107 (BN1), 1 &amp;amp;times; 108 (BN2), 1 &amp;amp;times; 109 (BN3), and 1 &amp;amp;times; 1010 (BN4) CFU kg&amp;amp;minus;1 for 56 days. Fish in the BN3 and BN4 groups exhibited significantly enhanced growth performance compared to the BN0 group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, the activities of amylase and protease were markedly higher in the BN3 and BN4 groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), while lipase activity was significantly elevated in fish fed the BN3 diet (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Plasma total protein levels also showed a significant increase in the BN3 group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Hematocrit values were significantly improved in the BN2, BN3, and BN4 groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The intestinal microbiota of the BN4 group revealed a significant increase in the populations of B. subtilis and Lactobacillus, along with a notable decrease in Escherichia coli, compared to all other groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The observed improvements in specific growth rate and the upregulation of growth-related gene expression further highlight the potential of BSN to enhance the growth performance of red sea bream. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with BSN at 1 &amp;amp;times; 109 and 1 &amp;amp;times; 1010 CFU kg&amp;amp;minus;1 shows promise in improving the growth, health, and immune response of red sea bream.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microorganisms of Red Sea Bream, Pagrus major</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yukun Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Manabu Ishikawa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shunsuke Koshio</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Saichiro Yokoyama</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Serge Dossou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Weilong Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Seok Seo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiayi Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shuang Zheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaoxiao Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110446</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>446</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110446</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/446</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/444"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 444: Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Impact of the Photoperiod on the Hepatopancreas of Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/444</link> <description>The photoperiod is a key environmental factor that in crustaceans influences development, feeding, and metabolism. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to examine metabolic changes in Palaemonetes sinensis under different photoperiods. Our results showed that key metabolic pathways, such as linoleic acid metabolism, axon regeneration, pyrimidine metabolism, and cortisol synthesis, were significantly altered under both constant light (24L:0D) and constant darkness (0L:24D) compared with natural light conditions. The photoperiod notably affected the digestive and metabolic functions of P. sinensis. Most metabolic pathways were downregulated under full darkness and full light conditions, suggesting that inhibition of metabolism is a potential adaptive response. Furthermore, enzyme assays revealed significant variations in trypsin, lipase, and amylase activity across different photoperiods, highlighting the profound impact of light conditions on digestive functions. These findings suggest that extreme light conditions may negatively impact the metabolic and digestive functions of P. sinensis. This study provides new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of P. sinensis in response to photoperiod changes and offers valuable information for optimizing aquaculture practices to enhance the health and growth performance of this crustacean.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-31</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 444: Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Impact of the Photoperiod on the Hepatopancreas of Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/444">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110444</a></p> <p>Authors: Duojia Qu Chunyan Fu Muyu Han Yingdong Li </p> <p>The photoperiod is a key environmental factor that in crustaceans influences development, feeding, and metabolism. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to examine metabolic changes in Palaemonetes sinensis under different photoperiods. Our results showed that key metabolic pathways, such as linoleic acid metabolism, axon regeneration, pyrimidine metabolism, and cortisol synthesis, were significantly altered under both constant light (24L:0D) and constant darkness (0L:24D) compared with natural light conditions. The photoperiod notably affected the digestive and metabolic functions of P. sinensis. Most metabolic pathways were downregulated under full darkness and full light conditions, suggesting that inhibition of metabolism is a potential adaptive response. Furthermore, enzyme assays revealed significant variations in trypsin, lipase, and amylase activity across different photoperiods, highlighting the profound impact of light conditions on digestive functions. These findings suggest that extreme light conditions may negatively impact the metabolic and digestive functions of P. sinensis. This study provides new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of P. sinensis in response to photoperiod changes and offers valuable information for optimizing aquaculture practices to enhance the health and growth performance of this crustacean.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Impact of the Photoperiod on the Hepatopancreas of Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Duojia Qu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chunyan Fu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Muyu Han</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yingdong Li</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110444</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>444</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110444</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/444</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/445"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 445: Living Along Distribution Margins: Differences in the Body and Biochemistry of Red Squat Lobster Morphotypes (Grimothea monodon) from the Humboldt Current System</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/445</link> <description>Grimothea monodon, an important fishery resource in the Humboldt Current marine ecosystem (HCE), present two contrasting morphotypes (PM, pelagic morphotype; BM, benthic morphotype). The fishery management of G. monodon is focused on understanding only fishery aspects that apply to a limited area, and there are currently no studies that evaluate the nutritional status of these morphotypes. This study evaluated the biological performance of PM and BM, analyzing the body (size, CL; weight, W; condition factor, Kn) and biochemical condition (glucose, G; proteins, P; lipids, L; fatty acids, FAs). The results reveal that G. monodon showed differences in CL and W between morphotypes, with higher values in BM than PM. The Kn was different between morphotypes with a tendency of isometric growth. In turn, the G contents were higher in PM than BM, while the contents of P, L, and FAs showed an opposite tendency, with higher contents recorded in BM than PM. Our findings suggest that the Kn should be included to strengthen the biological parameters and their relationships used in fishery management models. Differences in the biochemical condition between morphotypes can be considered potentially adaptive, in response to the combined effect of environmental factors that vary in the HCE.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-31</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 445: Living Along Distribution Margins: Differences in the Body and Biochemistry of Red Squat Lobster Morphotypes (Grimothea monodon) from the Humboldt Current System</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/445">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110445</a></p> <p>Authors: Marco Quispe-Machaca Maximiliano Zilleruelo Pepe Espinoza Gabriela Torres 脕ngel Urz煤a </p> <p>Grimothea monodon, an important fishery resource in the Humboldt Current marine ecosystem (HCE), present two contrasting morphotypes (PM, pelagic morphotype; BM, benthic morphotype). The fishery management of G. monodon is focused on understanding only fishery aspects that apply to a limited area, and there are currently no studies that evaluate the nutritional status of these morphotypes. This study evaluated the biological performance of PM and BM, analyzing the body (size, CL; weight, W; condition factor, Kn) and biochemical condition (glucose, G; proteins, P; lipids, L; fatty acids, FAs). The results reveal that G. monodon showed differences in CL and W between morphotypes, with higher values in BM than PM. The Kn was different between morphotypes with a tendency of isometric growth. In turn, the G contents were higher in PM than BM, while the contents of P, L, and FAs showed an opposite tendency, with higher contents recorded in BM than PM. Our findings suggest that the Kn should be included to strengthen the biological parameters and their relationships used in fishery management models. Differences in the biochemical condition between morphotypes can be considered potentially adaptive, in response to the combined effect of environmental factors that vary in the HCE.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Living Along Distribution Margins: Differences in the Body and Biochemistry of Red Squat Lobster Morphotypes (Grimothea monodon) from the Humboldt Current System</dc:title> <dc:creator>Marco Quispe-Machaca</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maximiliano Zilleruelo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pepe Espinoza</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gabriela Torres</dc:creator> <dc:creator>脕ngel Urz煤a</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110445</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>445</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110445</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/445</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/443"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 443: Growth, Feed Efficiency, and Health Status of Tilapia sp. Fed with New Technology Promoter Binder Fortified Diet</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/443</link> <description>Developing a sustainable feed with minimal or no fishmeal in tilapia production is a challenge to this industry. New Technology Promoter Binder (NTPB), a guanidinoacetic acid, is a nutritional supplement to enhance the energy metabolism of the muscle and brain tissue of vertebrates. This study aimed to evaluate several plant-based diet formulations with zero and minimal use of fishmeal enriched with NTPB on the growth, feed efficiency, and health status of Tilapia sp. The experimental diets in this study were conducted based on four formulations (minimum fishmeal/FM and zero fishmeal/NFM-based diets) with 0, 0.6, and 1.2 g&amp;amp;middot;kg&amp;amp;minus;1 feed of NTPB supplementation. The research indicated that the various diets given to tilapia affected the growth performance of fish in terms of growth parameters and feed efficiency. Tilapias fed with NTPB grew better than those without NTPB in both FM- and NFM-based diets. The addition of NTPB was safe for tilapia as demonstrated in the blood glucose, urea, and creatinine levels, which were normal for healthy fish. The viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes of tilapia fed with the experimental diets showed no distinct differences. Adding NTPB to tilapia diets increased the hardness and amino acid contents of the tilapia&amp;amp;rsquo;s muscle, which would benefit consumers.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-31</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 443: Growth, Feed Efficiency, and Health Status of Tilapia sp. Fed with New Technology Promoter Binder Fortified Diet</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/443">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110443</a></p> <p>Authors: Ating Yuniarti I Made D. Mahariawan Wahyu E. Kusuma Bagus R. Hidayat Anik M. Hariati </p> <p>Developing a sustainable feed with minimal or no fishmeal in tilapia production is a challenge to this industry. New Technology Promoter Binder (NTPB), a guanidinoacetic acid, is a nutritional supplement to enhance the energy metabolism of the muscle and brain tissue of vertebrates. This study aimed to evaluate several plant-based diet formulations with zero and minimal use of fishmeal enriched with NTPB on the growth, feed efficiency, and health status of Tilapia sp. The experimental diets in this study were conducted based on four formulations (minimum fishmeal/FM and zero fishmeal/NFM-based diets) with 0, 0.6, and 1.2 g&amp;amp;middot;kg&amp;amp;minus;1 feed of NTPB supplementation. The research indicated that the various diets given to tilapia affected the growth performance of fish in terms of growth parameters and feed efficiency. Tilapias fed with NTPB grew better than those without NTPB in both FM- and NFM-based diets. The addition of NTPB was safe for tilapia as demonstrated in the blood glucose, urea, and creatinine levels, which were normal for healthy fish. The viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes of tilapia fed with the experimental diets showed no distinct differences. Adding NTPB to tilapia diets increased the hardness and amino acid contents of the tilapia&amp;amp;rsquo;s muscle, which would benefit consumers.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Growth, Feed Efficiency, and Health Status of Tilapia sp. Fed with New Technology Promoter Binder Fortified Diet</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ating Yuniarti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>I Made D. Mahariawan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wahyu E. Kusuma</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bagus R. Hidayat</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anik M. Hariati</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110443</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>443</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110443</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/443</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/442"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 442: Antibody Preparation, Protein Expression, and Function Analysis of Cyp19a1b in Ovarian Differentiation in a Natural Triploid Teleost Qi River Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/442</link> <description>Estrogen is an essential sex steroid that functions in numerous biological systems including female reproduction, neuroendocrine, vascular, skeletal, and immune systems. The synthesis of estrogen is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme, which has been confirmed to exist in two different forms, named brain aromatase and ovary aromatase, and encoded by cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b respectively in teleosts. However, existing studies have primarily focused on the expression and function of cyp19a1b in the brain and cyp19a1a in the gonad, the roles of cyp19a1b in the female gonad of teleosts are largely unknown. In our previous study, we cloned the full length of the cyp19a1b gene from a natural triploid teleost Qi River crucian carp (Carassius auratus), andthe spatial and temporal expression patterns of cyp19a1b mRNA were detected. To further clarify the roles of cyp19a1b in the ovarian differentiation of Qi River crucian carp, we produced a polyclonal antibody of Cyp19a1b in this study. Western blotting results showed that Cyp19a1b was mainly expressed in the brain and then in the ovary, heart, liver, and muscle. During embryogenesis, Cyp19a1b was abundantly expressed in the neurula stage. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Cyp19a1b was expressed in the radioactive glial cells (RGCs) of the brain from 20 days after hatching (dah) and the somatic cells of the ovaries from 30 dah, the critical period of ovarian differentiation in Qi River crucian carp. With the treatment of letrozole, an inhibitor of the aromatase, the expression of Cyp19a1b was downregulated both in the brain and gonad. Our results suggested that Cyp19a1b might be involved in the development of the nervous system and also participate in the ovarian differentiation of Qi River crucian carp.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-31</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 442: Antibody Preparation, Protein Expression, and Function Analysis of Cyp19a1b in Ovarian Differentiation in a Natural Triploid Teleost Qi River Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/442">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110442</a></p> <p>Authors: Yongjing Li Yujiao Jin Limin Wu Xuejun Li </p> <p>Estrogen is an essential sex steroid that functions in numerous biological systems including female reproduction, neuroendocrine, vascular, skeletal, and immune systems. The synthesis of estrogen is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme, which has been confirmed to exist in two different forms, named brain aromatase and ovary aromatase, and encoded by cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b respectively in teleosts. However, existing studies have primarily focused on the expression and function of cyp19a1b in the brain and cyp19a1a in the gonad, the roles of cyp19a1b in the female gonad of teleosts are largely unknown. In our previous study, we cloned the full length of the cyp19a1b gene from a natural triploid teleost Qi River crucian carp (Carassius auratus), andthe spatial and temporal expression patterns of cyp19a1b mRNA were detected. To further clarify the roles of cyp19a1b in the ovarian differentiation of Qi River crucian carp, we produced a polyclonal antibody of Cyp19a1b in this study. Western blotting results showed that Cyp19a1b was mainly expressed in the brain and then in the ovary, heart, liver, and muscle. During embryogenesis, Cyp19a1b was abundantly expressed in the neurula stage. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Cyp19a1b was expressed in the radioactive glial cells (RGCs) of the brain from 20 days after hatching (dah) and the somatic cells of the ovaries from 30 dah, the critical period of ovarian differentiation in Qi River crucian carp. With the treatment of letrozole, an inhibitor of the aromatase, the expression of Cyp19a1b was downregulated both in the brain and gonad. Our results suggested that Cyp19a1b might be involved in the development of the nervous system and also participate in the ovarian differentiation of Qi River crucian carp.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Antibody Preparation, Protein Expression, and Function Analysis of Cyp19a1b in Ovarian Differentiation in a Natural Triploid Teleost Qi River Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yongjing Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yujiao Jin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Limin Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xuejun Li</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110442</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>442</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110442</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/442</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/441"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 441: Native or Overlooked Translocation? Comment on Antognazza et al. Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/441</link> <description>The recent revision of Italian legislation on nature conservation has highlighted the pressing necessity of elucidating the native distribution range of managed species. A recent study by Antognazza et al. (Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411) provides insights into the native status of brown trout in the Lombardy Prealps, northern Italy, and advocates urgent conservation measures. However, the possible effect of historical and recent anthropogenic impacts was dismissed in the paper. Here, we present how human-mediated activities plausibly might contribute to the observed distribution of population genetic variation, considering both the available literature and ongoing &amp;amp;ldquo;Mediterranean trout&amp;amp;rdquo; stocking activities in the region. Implementing management strategies without clear scientific evidence poses significant risks to native biodiversity conservation.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 441: Native or Overlooked Translocation? Comment on Antognazza et al. Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/441">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110441</a></p> <p>Authors: Tommaso Righi Andrea Splendiani Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi Andrea Gandolfi </p> <p>The recent revision of Italian legislation on nature conservation has highlighted the pressing necessity of elucidating the native distribution range of managed species. A recent study by Antognazza et al. (Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411) provides insights into the native status of brown trout in the Lombardy Prealps, northern Italy, and advocates urgent conservation measures. However, the possible effect of historical and recent anthropogenic impacts was dismissed in the paper. Here, we present how human-mediated activities plausibly might contribute to the observed distribution of population genetic variation, considering both the available literature and ongoing &amp;amp;ldquo;Mediterranean trout&amp;amp;rdquo; stocking activities in the region. Implementing management strategies without clear scientific evidence poses significant risks to native biodiversity conservation.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Native or Overlooked Translocation? Comment on Antognazza et al. Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411</dc:title> <dc:creator>Tommaso Righi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrea Splendiani</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrea Gandolfi</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110441</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Comment</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>441</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110441</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/441</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/440"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 440: Insights into Decapod Sentience: Applying the General Welfare Index (GWI) for Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei&amp;mdash;Boone, 1931) Reared in Aquaculture Grow-Out Ponds</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/440</link> <description>The rapid growth of shrimp farming, particularly of Penaeus vannamei, accounts for about 80% of the global production of farmed shrimp and involves the cultivation of approximately 383 to 977 billion individuals annually, which highlights the urgent need to address the ethical and technical implications of raising potentially sentient beings. This study builds on the state-of-the-art assessment of sentience, consciousness, stress, distress, nociception, pain perception, and welfare to adapt the General Welfare Index (GWI) for farmed shrimp. The GWI is a quantitative index developed by our research group to measure the degree of welfare in aquaculture, and it has been previously applied to grass carp and tilapia. Using the PRISMA methodology and the creation of a hypothetical shrimp farm, the GWI, with 31 specific and measurable indicators across various welfare domains, is adapted to P. vannamei, offering a comprehensive assessment framework. The inclusion of quantitative welfare indicators promises to improve living conditions in alignment with legislation adopted on decapods&amp;amp;rsquo; sentience and contemporary scientific advances.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 440: Insights into Decapod Sentience: Applying the General Welfare Index (GWI) for Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei&amp;mdash;Boone, 1931) Reared in Aquaculture Grow-Out Ponds</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/440">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110440</a></p> <p>Authors: Ana Silvia Pedrazzani Nathieli Cozer Murilo Henrique Quintiliano Antonio Ostrensky </p> <p>The rapid growth of shrimp farming, particularly of Penaeus vannamei, accounts for about 80% of the global production of farmed shrimp and involves the cultivation of approximately 383 to 977 billion individuals annually, which highlights the urgent need to address the ethical and technical implications of raising potentially sentient beings. This study builds on the state-of-the-art assessment of sentience, consciousness, stress, distress, nociception, pain perception, and welfare to adapt the General Welfare Index (GWI) for farmed shrimp. The GWI is a quantitative index developed by our research group to measure the degree of welfare in aquaculture, and it has been previously applied to grass carp and tilapia. Using the PRISMA methodology and the creation of a hypothetical shrimp farm, the GWI, with 31 specific and measurable indicators across various welfare domains, is adapted to P. vannamei, offering a comprehensive assessment framework. The inclusion of quantitative welfare indicators promises to improve living conditions in alignment with legislation adopted on decapods&amp;amp;rsquo; sentience and contemporary scientific advances.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Insights into Decapod Sentience: Applying the General Welfare Index (GWI) for Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei&amp;amp;mdash;Boone, 1931) Reared in Aquaculture Grow-Out Ponds</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ana Silvia Pedrazzani</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nathieli Cozer</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Murilo Henrique Quintiliano</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Antonio Ostrensky</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110440</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>440</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110440</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/440</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/439"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 439: Distribution Characteristics of Trichiurus japonicus and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors in the East China Sea and South-Central Yellow Sea</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/439</link> <description>The largehead hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus) is the most productive fish caught in China. In order to understand the seasonal distribution of T. japonicus in the East China Sea and the central and southern parts of the Yellow Sea, three species distribution models were used in this study, namely the random-forest model, K-nearest-neighbor algorithm, and gradient-ascending decision-tree model, based on the data of trawling surveys in the East China Sea and central and southern parts of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2009. Combined with a variance inflation factor and cross-check, a distribution model of T. japonicus was screened and constructed to analyze the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of T. japonicus in the East China Sea and central and southern parts of the Yellow Sea. The results showed that the random-forest model had the advantages of fitting effect and prediction ability among the three models. The analysis of this model showed that the water depth, bottom water temperature, and surface salinity had a great influence on the habitat distribution of T. japonicus. The relative resources of T. japonicus increased with the increase of bottom water temperature, reached the maximum at 23.8 &amp;amp;deg;C, and first increased and then decreased with the increase of water depth and surface salinity, reaching the maximum when water depth is 72 m and surface salinity is 31.2%. This study also used the random-forest model to predict the spatial distribution of T. japonicus in the central and southern waters of the East China Sea and south-central Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2009, and the results showed that the predicted results were close to the actual situation. The research results can provide a reference for the exploitation and protection of T. japonicus resources in the East China Sea and the south-central Yellow Sea.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 439: Distribution Characteristics of Trichiurus japonicus and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors in the East China Sea and South-Central Yellow Sea</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/439">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110439</a></p> <p>Authors: Xinyu Shi Zhanhui Lu Zhongming Wang Jianxiong Li Xin Gao Zhuang Kong Wenbin Zhu </p> <p>The largehead hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus) is the most productive fish caught in China. In order to understand the seasonal distribution of T. japonicus in the East China Sea and the central and southern parts of the Yellow Sea, three species distribution models were used in this study, namely the random-forest model, K-nearest-neighbor algorithm, and gradient-ascending decision-tree model, based on the data of trawling surveys in the East China Sea and central and southern parts of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2009. Combined with a variance inflation factor and cross-check, a distribution model of T. japonicus was screened and constructed to analyze the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of T. japonicus in the East China Sea and central and southern parts of the Yellow Sea. The results showed that the random-forest model had the advantages of fitting effect and prediction ability among the three models. The analysis of this model showed that the water depth, bottom water temperature, and surface salinity had a great influence on the habitat distribution of T. japonicus. The relative resources of T. japonicus increased with the increase of bottom water temperature, reached the maximum at 23.8 &amp;amp;deg;C, and first increased and then decreased with the increase of water depth and surface salinity, reaching the maximum when water depth is 72 m and surface salinity is 31.2%. This study also used the random-forest model to predict the spatial distribution of T. japonicus in the central and southern waters of the East China Sea and south-central Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2009, and the results showed that the predicted results were close to the actual situation. The research results can provide a reference for the exploitation and protection of T. japonicus resources in the East China Sea and the south-central Yellow Sea.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Distribution Characteristics of Trichiurus japonicus and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors in the East China Sea and South-Central Yellow Sea</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xinyu Shi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhanhui Lu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhongming Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jianxiong Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xin Gao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhuang Kong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wenbin Zhu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110439</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>439</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110439</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/439</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/438"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 438: Assessment of Ecosystem Characteristics and Fishery Carbon Sink Potential of Qianxiahu Reservoir Based on Trophic Level and Carbon Content Methods</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/438</link> <description>Optimizing biological carbon sequestration has become a primary strategy in global low-carbon-emission initiatives. Freshwater fisheries in reservoirs play an important role in aquatic biological carbon sequestration. However, a standard method for evaluating the carbon sink capacity of inland fisheries has not been developed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the carbon sequestration potential of the Qianxiahu Reservoir&amp;amp;rsquo;s fisheries using the trophic level and mass-balance methodologies. The Ecopath model was employed to determine the trophic levels of aquatic organisms within the Qianxiahu Reservoir ecosystem, with input parameters sourced from in situ surveys and the literature on reservoirs. The model includes 21 functional groups, with trophic levels ranging from 1.000 to 3.281. The key species identified are silver carp, bighead carp, and crucian carp. The indices of Finn&amp;amp;rsquo;s cycling index (FCI), connectivity index (CI), system omnivory index (SOI), and total primary production/total respiration (TPP/TR) for the Qianxiahu Reservoir are 11.35, 0.27, 0.196, and 1.540, respectively. These values indicate a high degree of material recycling and complex interconnections among functional groups. The fishery carbon sink potential of the Qianxiahu Reservoir, calculated using the trophic level and carbon content methods, yielded values of 261.8362 tons/km2 and 66.6818 tons/km2, respectively. The trophic level method showed a notable increase of 195,1544 tons/km2 compared to the carbon content method, underscoring significant differences in results between the two methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research on methods to assess the carbon sink capacity of freshwater fisheries, aiming to establish a scientific framework for this evaluation.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 438: Assessment of Ecosystem Characteristics and Fishery Carbon Sink Potential of Qianxiahu Reservoir Based on Trophic Level and Carbon Content Methods</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/438">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110438</a></p> <p>Authors: Mei Liu Mengxia Shu Qingping Lian Aihuan Guo Dan Zhou Songbao Zou Julin Yuan Guangmei Chen </p> <p>Optimizing biological carbon sequestration has become a primary strategy in global low-carbon-emission initiatives. Freshwater fisheries in reservoirs play an important role in aquatic biological carbon sequestration. However, a standard method for evaluating the carbon sink capacity of inland fisheries has not been developed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the carbon sequestration potential of the Qianxiahu Reservoir&amp;amp;rsquo;s fisheries using the trophic level and mass-balance methodologies. The Ecopath model was employed to determine the trophic levels of aquatic organisms within the Qianxiahu Reservoir ecosystem, with input parameters sourced from in situ surveys and the literature on reservoirs. The model includes 21 functional groups, with trophic levels ranging from 1.000 to 3.281. The key species identified are silver carp, bighead carp, and crucian carp. The indices of Finn&amp;amp;rsquo;s cycling index (FCI), connectivity index (CI), system omnivory index (SOI), and total primary production/total respiration (TPP/TR) for the Qianxiahu Reservoir are 11.35, 0.27, 0.196, and 1.540, respectively. These values indicate a high degree of material recycling and complex interconnections among functional groups. The fishery carbon sink potential of the Qianxiahu Reservoir, calculated using the trophic level and carbon content methods, yielded values of 261.8362 tons/km2 and 66.6818 tons/km2, respectively. The trophic level method showed a notable increase of 195,1544 tons/km2 compared to the carbon content method, underscoring significant differences in results between the two methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research on methods to assess the carbon sink capacity of freshwater fisheries, aiming to establish a scientific framework for this evaluation.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Assessment of Ecosystem Characteristics and Fishery Carbon Sink Potential of Qianxiahu Reservoir Based on Trophic Level and Carbon Content Methods</dc:title> <dc:creator>Mei Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mengxia Shu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qingping Lian</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aihuan Guo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dan Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Songbao Zou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Julin Yuan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Guangmei Chen</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110438</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>438</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110438</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/438</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/437"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 437: Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Growth, Reproduction, and Carotenoid Accumulation in Artemia&amp;nbsp;sinica and Transcriptome Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/437</link> <description>Brine shrimp (Artemia), rich in carotenoids, are widely used in intensive aquaculture to supplement nutrients and enhance the coloration of farmed organisms. This study investigates the growth, reproduction, and carotenoid accumulation in Artemia sinica under varying salinity and temperature conditions. The results showed that temperature and salinity displayed significant interactions with survival, body length, and carotenoid accumulation in the body. The optimal survival and growth conditions of A. sinica (Bohai Sea Gulf) were a temperature range of 25&amp;amp;ndash;30 &amp;amp;deg;C and a salinity range of 30&amp;amp;ndash;50&amp;amp;permil;. High temperatures accelerated growth and sexual maturity at the expense of survival rates, while temperatures below 20 &amp;amp;deg;C prevented ovigerous development. Extreme salinity levels negatively affected survival and growth, though high salinity promoted sexual maturity. Carotenoids in A. sinica mainly accumulate as echinenone and canthaxanthin form. Carotenoid accumulation decreased with increased temperature and salinity, and the temperature effect decreased with rising salinity. A. sinica cultivated at a salinity of 10&amp;amp;permil; and a temperature of 25 &amp;amp;deg;C exhibits the highest carotenoid content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that high temperatures primarily affected genes related to stress response and metabolism, while high-salinity regulated genes associated with ion balance and signaling pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for enhancing Artemia sinica aquaculture and optimizing cultivation conditions, offering novel insights into nutritional and environmental impacts on brine shrimp biology.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-28</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 437: Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Growth, Reproduction, and Carotenoid Accumulation in Artemia&amp;nbsp;sinica and Transcriptome Analysis</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/437">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110437</a></p> <p>Authors: Yucai Xue Gang Jiang Huang Shu Weilong Wang Xuxiong Huang </p> <p>Brine shrimp (Artemia), rich in carotenoids, are widely used in intensive aquaculture to supplement nutrients and enhance the coloration of farmed organisms. This study investigates the growth, reproduction, and carotenoid accumulation in Artemia sinica under varying salinity and temperature conditions. The results showed that temperature and salinity displayed significant interactions with survival, body length, and carotenoid accumulation in the body. The optimal survival and growth conditions of A. sinica (Bohai Sea Gulf) were a temperature range of 25&amp;amp;ndash;30 &amp;amp;deg;C and a salinity range of 30&amp;amp;ndash;50&amp;amp;permil;. High temperatures accelerated growth and sexual maturity at the expense of survival rates, while temperatures below 20 &amp;amp;deg;C prevented ovigerous development. Extreme salinity levels negatively affected survival and growth, though high salinity promoted sexual maturity. Carotenoids in A. sinica mainly accumulate as echinenone and canthaxanthin form. Carotenoid accumulation decreased with increased temperature and salinity, and the temperature effect decreased with rising salinity. A. sinica cultivated at a salinity of 10&amp;amp;permil; and a temperature of 25 &amp;amp;deg;C exhibits the highest carotenoid content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that high temperatures primarily affected genes related to stress response and metabolism, while high-salinity regulated genes associated with ion balance and signaling pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for enhancing Artemia sinica aquaculture and optimizing cultivation conditions, offering novel insights into nutritional and environmental impacts on brine shrimp biology.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Growth, Reproduction, and Carotenoid Accumulation in Artemia&amp;amp;nbsp;sinica and Transcriptome Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yucai Xue</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gang Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Huang Shu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Weilong Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xuxiong Huang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110437</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>437</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110437</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/437</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/436"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 436: Matings Between Individuals with Similar Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Improve Offspring Survival in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/436</link> <description>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) consists of genes involved in immune response and molecular discrimination between self and non-self. MHC genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates. The origin and maintenance of polymorphism in MHC genes in populations is still unresolved. Mechanisms such as sexual selection and heterozygote advantage have been suggested as explanations for this high variability. In this study, a farmed population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) characterized by the presence of specific MHC class IIB gene haplotypes at a frequency higher (30%) than that expected from random matings was investigated. Therefore, it was hypothesized that disassortative matings occur with an adaptive advantage for females, resulting in improved reproductive performance when mated with individuals with similar MHC haplotypes. Genetic analyses of the breeders were performed to define the MHC haplotypes and to perform specific matings. The effect of mating was evaluated by analyzing the survival rate of the offspring at various stages of incubation until swim-up. The reproductive performance of the offspring derived from specimens with similar haplotypes showed a better survival trend during the first life stages and reduced malformations. The results obtained are in contrast with the heterozygous advantage theory, therefore it was hypothesized, as for other salmonid species, the presence of a positive selection towards locally adapted MHC genes that promotes reproduction between genetically similar individuals.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-27</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 436: Matings Between Individuals with Similar Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Improve Offspring Survival in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/436">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110436</a></p> <p>Authors: Cinzia Bergamino Mattia Tomasoni Silvia Colussi Vittoria Montemurro Ilhan Altinok Marino Prearo Charalampos Kotzamanidis Pier Luigi Acutis Ana Isabel Vela Simona Sciuto Giuseppe Esposito Donatella Volpatti Elena Bozzetta Katia Parati Lucia Aidos Lucio Fariano Benedetto Sicuro </p> <p>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) consists of genes involved in immune response and molecular discrimination between self and non-self. MHC genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates. The origin and maintenance of polymorphism in MHC genes in populations is still unresolved. Mechanisms such as sexual selection and heterozygote advantage have been suggested as explanations for this high variability. In this study, a farmed population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) characterized by the presence of specific MHC class IIB gene haplotypes at a frequency higher (30%) than that expected from random matings was investigated. Therefore, it was hypothesized that disassortative matings occur with an adaptive advantage for females, resulting in improved reproductive performance when mated with individuals with similar MHC haplotypes. Genetic analyses of the breeders were performed to define the MHC haplotypes and to perform specific matings. The effect of mating was evaluated by analyzing the survival rate of the offspring at various stages of incubation until swim-up. The reproductive performance of the offspring derived from specimens with similar haplotypes showed a better survival trend during the first life stages and reduced malformations. The results obtained are in contrast with the heterozygous advantage theory, therefore it was hypothesized, as for other salmonid species, the presence of a positive selection towards locally adapted MHC genes that promotes reproduction between genetically similar individuals.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Matings Between Individuals with Similar Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Improve Offspring Survival in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Cinzia Bergamino</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mattia Tomasoni</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Silvia Colussi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vittoria Montemurro</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ilhan Altinok</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marino Prearo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Charalampos Kotzamanidis</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pier Luigi Acutis</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana Isabel Vela</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Simona Sciuto</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Giuseppe Esposito</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Donatella Volpatti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elena Bozzetta</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Katia Parati</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lucia Aidos</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lucio Fariano</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Benedetto Sicuro</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110436</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-27</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-27</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>436</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110436</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/436</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/435"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 435: New Insights into Fish Diversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas Based on Environmental DNA Technology</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/435</link> <description>Marine biodiversity is increasingly threatened by overfishing and marine pollution. A comprehensive understanding of the biodiversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas is essential for resource conservation. This study conducted a large-scale survey of fishery resources in the Yellow and Bohai Seas to investigate fish community structure and diversity using eDNA technology. The results showed that 57 and 65 fish species were recorded in spring and summer, respectively, with 46 species identified in both seasons. A total of nine dominant species were identified in spring, mainly belonging to Perciformes, while seven dominant species were identified in summer, primarily from Clupeiformes. In different regions, no significant differences in fish &amp;amp;alpha; diversity were observed between spring and summer. However, significant seasonal differences were found in both &amp;amp;alpha; and &amp;amp;beta; diversity. At the spatial level, fish species in the Yellow and Bohai Seas occupied similar ecological niches. However, at the temporal level, there are certain differences in the ecological niches of fish communities between seasons. Phylogenetic diversity showed no significant differences at the spatial scale, yet notable seasonal variations were observed at the temporal scale, with spring (661.46) significantly exceeding summer (540.30). The Mantel test indicated that nitrate and salinity were key environmental factors influencing &amp;amp;alpha; diversity. RDA analysis revealed that the dominant species in spring were mainly influenced by chlorophyll-a and water temperature, while those in summer were mainly affected by water depth, nitrite, water temperature, and salinity.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 435: New Insights into Fish Diversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas Based on Environmental DNA Technology</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/435">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110435</a></p> <p>Authors: Xiaolin Wang Li Wang Aiyong Wang Linlin Zhao </p> <p>Marine biodiversity is increasingly threatened by overfishing and marine pollution. A comprehensive understanding of the biodiversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas is essential for resource conservation. This study conducted a large-scale survey of fishery resources in the Yellow and Bohai Seas to investigate fish community structure and diversity using eDNA technology. The results showed that 57 and 65 fish species were recorded in spring and summer, respectively, with 46 species identified in both seasons. A total of nine dominant species were identified in spring, mainly belonging to Perciformes, while seven dominant species were identified in summer, primarily from Clupeiformes. In different regions, no significant differences in fish &amp;amp;alpha; diversity were observed between spring and summer. However, significant seasonal differences were found in both &amp;amp;alpha; and &amp;amp;beta; diversity. At the spatial level, fish species in the Yellow and Bohai Seas occupied similar ecological niches. However, at the temporal level, there are certain differences in the ecological niches of fish communities between seasons. Phylogenetic diversity showed no significant differences at the spatial scale, yet notable seasonal variations were observed at the temporal scale, with spring (661.46) significantly exceeding summer (540.30). The Mantel test indicated that nitrate and salinity were key environmental factors influencing &amp;amp;alpha; diversity. RDA analysis revealed that the dominant species in spring were mainly influenced by chlorophyll-a and water temperature, while those in summer were mainly affected by water depth, nitrite, water temperature, and salinity.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>New Insights into Fish Diversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas Based on Environmental DNA Technology</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xiaolin Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Li Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aiyong Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Linlin Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110435</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>435</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110435</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/435</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/434"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 434: Development of Low-Resistance Coastal Stow Net Using Numerical Analysis and Model Experiments</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/434</link> <description>In coastal stow net fishing, the heavy weight of a typical anchor (750&amp;amp;ndash;1000 kg) can increase the risk of capsizing the boat and crew member injury during hoisting operations. Thus, to prevent these accidents, a reduction in the anchor weight is required. One strategy to achieve this is to reduce the resistance force of the fishing gear used, which would allow lighter anchors to be employed. This requires the accurate estimation of the resistance force for various gear designs. Therefore, the resistance force and shape during the operation of two representative types of coastal stow nets currently employed in the Korean coastal stow net fishing industry were investigated using simulations and modeling experiments. The modeled fishing gear was divided into four sections according to the mesh size. Based on the results, the twine thickness was reduced in order to target areas of the gear where the greatest resistance was observed, while the front part of the gear was redesigned to prevent the front of the net from being pushed back into a suboptimal shape. The proposed low-resistance fishing gear has the potential to improve occupational safety in the coastal stow net fishing industry.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 434: Development of Low-Resistance Coastal Stow Net Using Numerical Analysis and Model Experiments</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/434">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110434</a></p> <p>Authors: Sua Park Jihoon Lee Minseo Park Daeyeon Cho </p> <p>In coastal stow net fishing, the heavy weight of a typical anchor (750&amp;amp;ndash;1000 kg) can increase the risk of capsizing the boat and crew member injury during hoisting operations. Thus, to prevent these accidents, a reduction in the anchor weight is required. One strategy to achieve this is to reduce the resistance force of the fishing gear used, which would allow lighter anchors to be employed. This requires the accurate estimation of the resistance force for various gear designs. Therefore, the resistance force and shape during the operation of two representative types of coastal stow nets currently employed in the Korean coastal stow net fishing industry were investigated using simulations and modeling experiments. The modeled fishing gear was divided into four sections according to the mesh size. Based on the results, the twine thickness was reduced in order to target areas of the gear where the greatest resistance was observed, while the front part of the gear was redesigned to prevent the front of the net from being pushed back into a suboptimal shape. The proposed low-resistance fishing gear has the potential to improve occupational safety in the coastal stow net fishing industry.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Development of Low-Resistance Coastal Stow Net Using Numerical Analysis and Model Experiments</dc:title> <dc:creator>Sua Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jihoon Lee</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Minseo Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daeyeon Cho</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110434</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>434</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110434</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/434</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/433"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 433: Fishes Associated with a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem Network in the Central Mediterranean Sea</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/433</link> <description>In order to collect information on ichthyofauna of a deep-sea vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) network along the Apulian margin (central Mediterranean Sea), two low-impact sampling tools were used in three VMEs characterized by cold-water corals (CWC), namely Bari Canyon (BC), off Monopoli (Mn), and off Santa Maria di Leuca (SML). Using an experimental longline, 53 deployments were carried out between a 314 and 650 m depth for a total of 217 fishing hours, whereas when using the baited lander MEMO (Marine Environment MOnitoring system), 31 deployments were carried out between 427 and 792 m, for a total of 223 h of video recordings. A total of 37 taxa were recorded, comprising 13 Chondrichthyes and 24 Osteichthyes. The similarities in species observed among the VMEs confirm the presence of a network of CWC-VMEs along the Apulian margin, whereas some differences detected are due to the different abundance of some species, such as Galeus melastomus, Helicolenus dactylopterus, and Phycis blennoides. The presence of commercial species, vulnerable/endangered cartilaginous fishes, and large and sexually mature individuals of G. melastomus, H. dactylopterus, and Pagellus bogaraveo in all the VMEs confirms that the network of CWC-VMEs along the Apulian margin can act as a network of refuge areas and an essential fish habitat (EFH) for species threatened by fishing activities.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 433: Fishes Associated with a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem Network in the Central Mediterranean Sea</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/433">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110433</a></p> <p>Authors: Angela Carluccio Francesca Capezzuto Porzia Maiorano Letizia Sion Gianfranco D鈥橭nghia </p> <p>In order to collect information on ichthyofauna of a deep-sea vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) network along the Apulian margin (central Mediterranean Sea), two low-impact sampling tools were used in three VMEs characterized by cold-water corals (CWC), namely Bari Canyon (BC), off Monopoli (Mn), and off Santa Maria di Leuca (SML). Using an experimental longline, 53 deployments were carried out between a 314 and 650 m depth for a total of 217 fishing hours, whereas when using the baited lander MEMO (Marine Environment MOnitoring system), 31 deployments were carried out between 427 and 792 m, for a total of 223 h of video recordings. A total of 37 taxa were recorded, comprising 13 Chondrichthyes and 24 Osteichthyes. The similarities in species observed among the VMEs confirm the presence of a network of CWC-VMEs along the Apulian margin, whereas some differences detected are due to the different abundance of some species, such as Galeus melastomus, Helicolenus dactylopterus, and Phycis blennoides. The presence of commercial species, vulnerable/endangered cartilaginous fishes, and large and sexually mature individuals of G. melastomus, H. dactylopterus, and Pagellus bogaraveo in all the VMEs confirms that the network of CWC-VMEs along the Apulian margin can act as a network of refuge areas and an essential fish habitat (EFH) for species threatened by fishing activities.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Fishes Associated with a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem Network in the Central Mediterranean Sea</dc:title> <dc:creator>Angela Carluccio</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Francesca Capezzuto</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Porzia Maiorano</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Letizia Sion</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gianfranco D鈥橭nghia</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110433</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>433</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110433</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/433</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/432"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 432: Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout&amp;ndash;Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/432</link> <description>In an aquaponic system, fish and plants are cultivated together in a symbiotic environment where they mutually benefit, using significantly less water than traditional farming methods. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in two aquaponic systems implemented in two Chilean high schools using rainbow trout and lettuce cultures. When water samples (fish tank, biofilter, and plant raft) were analyzed over a three-month period, no resistance to oxytetracycline was detected, whereas the occurrence of resistance to florfenicol was rather small, ranging from 0.01% to 3.1% of bacterial culturable counts. Eighteen isolates were recovered from various sources as representatives of the florfenicol-resistant population, and all of them belonged to the Pseudomonas genus, showing a multi-drug-resistance phenotype and exhibiting simultaneous resistance to 7&amp;amp;ndash;13 antimicrobials. All isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and furazolidone and susceptibility to meropenem, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. Five and two isolates carried the amphenicol-resistance-encoding genes floR and cmlA, respectively, whereas no carriage of integrons or the fexA, fexB, pexA, optrA, and cfr genes encoding for florfenicol resistance was detected. Eleven isolates carried plasmids, but only two of them were able to transfer their plasmid content by conjugation. The knowledge of the microbiome associated with aquaponic systems is still scarce, and their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and related genes of these systems must be elucidated.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 432: Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout&amp;ndash;Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/432">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110432</a></p> <p>Authors: Christopher Concha Luz Hurtado Norma P茅rez German E. Merino Claudio D. Miranda </p> <p>In an aquaponic system, fish and plants are cultivated together in a symbiotic environment where they mutually benefit, using significantly less water than traditional farming methods. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in two aquaponic systems implemented in two Chilean high schools using rainbow trout and lettuce cultures. When water samples (fish tank, biofilter, and plant raft) were analyzed over a three-month period, no resistance to oxytetracycline was detected, whereas the occurrence of resistance to florfenicol was rather small, ranging from 0.01% to 3.1% of bacterial culturable counts. Eighteen isolates were recovered from various sources as representatives of the florfenicol-resistant population, and all of them belonged to the Pseudomonas genus, showing a multi-drug-resistance phenotype and exhibiting simultaneous resistance to 7&amp;amp;ndash;13 antimicrobials. All isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and furazolidone and susceptibility to meropenem, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. Five and two isolates carried the amphenicol-resistance-encoding genes floR and cmlA, respectively, whereas no carriage of integrons or the fexA, fexB, pexA, optrA, and cfr genes encoding for florfenicol resistance was detected. Eleven isolates carried plasmids, but only two of them were able to transfer their plasmid content by conjugation. The knowledge of the microbiome associated with aquaponic systems is still scarce, and their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and related genes of these systems must be elucidated.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout&amp;amp;ndash;Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile</dc:title> <dc:creator>Christopher Concha</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luz Hurtado</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Norma P茅rez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>German E. Merino</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Claudio D. Miranda</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110432</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>432</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110432</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/432</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/431"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 431: A Critical Assessment of the Process and Logic Behind Fish Production in Marine Recirculating Aquaculture Systems</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/431</link> <description>A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) represents a forward-looking form of aquaculture. A RAS consists of fish tanks and water treatment processes in a closed loop to sustain the environmental conditions for fish production. However, the rapid industrialization of the technology is fraught with transfer problems. This review justifies a RAS process chain based on fish biology. The underlying concept has been evaluated by the author in experimental and commercial RAS projects. The core idea is that the fish must be considered as a technical subcomponent in a RAS, determining the technology. Fish, when considered as small biological machines, are still a black box in many ways. However, their basic biology and physiology provide all the knowledge to implement them in a technical setting. The information required to understand this concept is presented and discussed based on current scientific knowledge. The conclusion is that the technology is available but needs to be rigorously implemented. If this were carried out, fish production in RASs would be ecologically sustainable, which is already claimed for RASs but is not always the reality in commercial applications.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 431: A Critical Assessment of the Process and Logic Behind Fish Production in Marine Recirculating Aquaculture Systems</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/431">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110431</a></p> <p>Authors: Uwe Waller </p> <p>A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) represents a forward-looking form of aquaculture. A RAS consists of fish tanks and water treatment processes in a closed loop to sustain the environmental conditions for fish production. However, the rapid industrialization of the technology is fraught with transfer problems. This review justifies a RAS process chain based on fish biology. The underlying concept has been evaluated by the author in experimental and commercial RAS projects. The core idea is that the fish must be considered as a technical subcomponent in a RAS, determining the technology. Fish, when considered as small biological machines, are still a black box in many ways. However, their basic biology and physiology provide all the knowledge to implement them in a technical setting. The information required to understand this concept is presented and discussed based on current scientific knowledge. The conclusion is that the technology is available but needs to be rigorously implemented. If this were carried out, fish production in RASs would be ecologically sustainable, which is already claimed for RASs but is not always the reality in commercial applications.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>A Critical Assessment of the Process and Logic Behind Fish Production in Marine Recirculating Aquaculture Systems</dc:title> <dc:creator>Uwe Waller</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110431</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>431</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110431</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/431</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/430"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 430: Fishes in Warming Waters, the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory and the Debate Around Mechanistic Growth Models</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/430</link> <description>Mechanistic explanations of the impact of climate change on fish growth are currently under debate. However, critical assessments of even the most prominent theories are not always based on accurate interpretations of their underlying mechanistic models. This contribution addresses some of the major misunderstandings still causing the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT) from being examined based on its actual structuring elements and assumptions, rather than erroneous perceptions. As we argue, recent critiques of the GOLT are based on implausible interpretations of respirometry data that are invoked to distinguish maintenance costs and overhead costs of growth. Discussing the current state of the debate, we emphasize the fact that fasting young and, thus, growing fish for short periods of time is not sufficient to suppress energy (i.e., oxygen) allocation to growth. In the process of dealing with these issues, several cases of apparent &amp;amp;lsquo;counter-evidence&amp;amp;rsquo; are discussed. Highlighting the need to base critical discussions and examinations of the GOLT on its actual predictions, we recommend that testing the theory should focus on broad reviews or meta-analyses, e.g., on datasets of gill surface area and the relationship of these data to growth performance under different temperature regimes.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 430: Fishes in Warming Waters, the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory and the Debate Around Mechanistic Growth Models</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/430">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110430</a></p> <p>Authors: Johannes M眉ller Daniel Pauly </p> <p>Mechanistic explanations of the impact of climate change on fish growth are currently under debate. However, critical assessments of even the most prominent theories are not always based on accurate interpretations of their underlying mechanistic models. This contribution addresses some of the major misunderstandings still causing the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT) from being examined based on its actual structuring elements and assumptions, rather than erroneous perceptions. As we argue, recent critiques of the GOLT are based on implausible interpretations of respirometry data that are invoked to distinguish maintenance costs and overhead costs of growth. Discussing the current state of the debate, we emphasize the fact that fasting young and, thus, growing fish for short periods of time is not sufficient to suppress energy (i.e., oxygen) allocation to growth. In the process of dealing with these issues, several cases of apparent &amp;amp;lsquo;counter-evidence&amp;amp;rsquo; are discussed. Highlighting the need to base critical discussions and examinations of the GOLT on its actual predictions, we recommend that testing the theory should focus on broad reviews or meta-analyses, e.g., on datasets of gill surface area and the relationship of these data to growth performance under different temperature regimes.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Fishes in Warming Waters, the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory and the Debate Around Mechanistic Growth Models</dc:title> <dc:creator>Johannes M眉ller</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniel Pauly</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110430</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Commentary</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>430</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110430</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/430</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/429"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 429: Consumers&amp;rsquo; Attitudes Towards Prawn Consumption in Bangladesh: An Investigation on Perceived Value and Willingness-to-Pay</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/429</link> <description>This study assessed consumer preferences and consumption patterns for prawns in Bangladesh, underscoring the economic and nutritional significance of prawns in the local diet. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed following a random sampling technique from four districts. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics alongside mathematical and statistical methods. The findings indicate a strong preference for fresh and large-sized prawns among the consumers. Income level substantially influenced the prawn purchases, with the high-income consumers more likely to buy premium prawn products, while the low-income consumers showed sensitivity to price changes. The primary concerns that significantly influenced the consumers&amp;amp;rsquo; purchasing decisions were found to be size, freshness, taste, price, market availability, and income. Additionally, the consumers&amp;amp;rsquo; perceived value and willingness-to-pay for prawns were significantly driven by size, freshness, environmental sustainability, and income levels. Policy recommendations include promoting sustainable prawn farming and improving accessibility for low-income consumers to enhance both nutritional intake and economic resilience. This research offers valuable insights for stakeholders in the prawn industry, facilitating the development of targeted marketing strategies and informed policymaking for sustainable industry growth.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 429: Consumers&amp;rsquo; Attitudes Towards Prawn Consumption in Bangladesh: An Investigation on Perceived Value and Willingness-to-Pay</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/429">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110429</a></p> <p>Authors: Md Taj Uddin Sima Roy Aurup Ratan Dhar </p> <p>This study assessed consumer preferences and consumption patterns for prawns in Bangladesh, underscoring the economic and nutritional significance of prawns in the local diet. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed following a random sampling technique from four districts. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics alongside mathematical and statistical methods. The findings indicate a strong preference for fresh and large-sized prawns among the consumers. Income level substantially influenced the prawn purchases, with the high-income consumers more likely to buy premium prawn products, while the low-income consumers showed sensitivity to price changes. The primary concerns that significantly influenced the consumers&amp;amp;rsquo; purchasing decisions were found to be size, freshness, taste, price, market availability, and income. Additionally, the consumers&amp;amp;rsquo; perceived value and willingness-to-pay for prawns were significantly driven by size, freshness, environmental sustainability, and income levels. Policy recommendations include promoting sustainable prawn farming and improving accessibility for low-income consumers to enhance both nutritional intake and economic resilience. This research offers valuable insights for stakeholders in the prawn industry, facilitating the development of targeted marketing strategies and informed policymaking for sustainable industry growth.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Consumers&amp;amp;rsquo; Attitudes Towards Prawn Consumption in Bangladesh: An Investigation on Perceived Value and Willingness-to-Pay</dc:title> <dc:creator>Md Taj Uddin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sima Roy</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aurup Ratan Dhar</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110429</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>429</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110429</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/429</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/428"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 428: Age, Growth, Sex Composition, and Diet of the Burbot, Lota lota, the Only Freshwater Species of the Family Lotidae in the Amur (Heilongjiang) River, Northeast China</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/428</link> <description>Information about the population structure, including the age and sex composition, growth characteristics, and diet of fish, is essential for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fish stock. The burbot, Lota lota, is the only freshwater species of the family Lotidae in the Amur (Heilongjiang) River catchment located in northeastern China. Information on the biological characteristics and data on the population structure of this fish from the Amur River are scarce. To study these factors in burbot, Lota lota, in the Amur River of China, 749 specimens from four sampling areas were taken and analyzed in October 2022, January 2023, and May 2023. The ages of the sampled fish ranged from 1+ to 7+ years. The female/male ratio was 1.04:1, and body length and mass varied from 175 to 595 mm and 73.5 to 1958.7 g, respectively. The length&amp;amp;ndash;weight regression parameter b value was estimated as 2.80. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth model were L&amp;amp;infin; = 596, K = 0.221, and t0 = &amp;amp;minus;0.771 for all sampled fish; L&amp;amp;infin; = 625, K = 0.208, and t0 = &amp;amp;minus;0.756 for females; and L&amp;amp;infin; = 584, K = 0.219, and t0 = &amp;amp;minus;0.980 for males. The analysis of the stomach contents showed fish to be the major source of nutrition across all areas and sampling periods. In January, the secondary prey of burbots in the Huma reach of the upper Amur River was aquatic insect larvae, while, in the Tongjiang and Fuyuan reaches of the middle Amur River, the secondary prey was shrimp. The mean stomach fullness index and rate of empty stomachs differed with the sampling area, with the greatest proportion of empty stomachs observed in the Luobei reach of the middle Amur River, and the lowest in the Tongjiang and Fuyuan reaches. The mean stomach fullness index showed the opposite trend. In the Huma reach, the contributions of fish to the diet and the mean stomach fullness index were significantly higher in May than in October and January. The study provides the first detailed information on the population age and sex structure, growth patterns, and feeding ecology of burbots from the Amur River, China. The results will aid in formulating management strategies and regulations for local populations of burbots in the Amur River, China.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-24</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 428: Age, Growth, Sex Composition, and Diet of the Burbot, Lota lota, the Only Freshwater Species of the Family Lotidae in the Amur (Heilongjiang) River, Northeast China</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/428">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110428</a></p> <p>Authors: Lei Li Huili Shao Pavel B. Mikheev Zepeng Zhang Hongyu Jin Wanqiao Lu </p> <p>Information about the population structure, including the age and sex composition, growth characteristics, and diet of fish, is essential for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fish stock. The burbot, Lota lota, is the only freshwater species of the family Lotidae in the Amur (Heilongjiang) River catchment located in northeastern China. Information on the biological characteristics and data on the population structure of this fish from the Amur River are scarce. To study these factors in burbot, Lota lota, in the Amur River of China, 749 specimens from four sampling areas were taken and analyzed in October 2022, January 2023, and May 2023. The ages of the sampled fish ranged from 1+ to 7+ years. The female/male ratio was 1.04:1, and body length and mass varied from 175 to 595 mm and 73.5 to 1958.7 g, respectively. The length&amp;amp;ndash;weight regression parameter b value was estimated as 2.80. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth model were L&amp;amp;infin; = 596, K = 0.221, and t0 = &amp;amp;minus;0.771 for all sampled fish; L&amp;amp;infin; = 625, K = 0.208, and t0 = &amp;amp;minus;0.756 for females; and L&amp;amp;infin; = 584, K = 0.219, and t0 = &amp;amp;minus;0.980 for males. The analysis of the stomach contents showed fish to be the major source of nutrition across all areas and sampling periods. In January, the secondary prey of burbots in the Huma reach of the upper Amur River was aquatic insect larvae, while, in the Tongjiang and Fuyuan reaches of the middle Amur River, the secondary prey was shrimp. The mean stomach fullness index and rate of empty stomachs differed with the sampling area, with the greatest proportion of empty stomachs observed in the Luobei reach of the middle Amur River, and the lowest in the Tongjiang and Fuyuan reaches. The mean stomach fullness index showed the opposite trend. In the Huma reach, the contributions of fish to the diet and the mean stomach fullness index were significantly higher in May than in October and January. The study provides the first detailed information on the population age and sex structure, growth patterns, and feeding ecology of burbots from the Amur River, China. The results will aid in formulating management strategies and regulations for local populations of burbots in the Amur River, China.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Age, Growth, Sex Composition, and Diet of the Burbot, Lota lota, the Only Freshwater Species of the Family Lotidae in the Amur (Heilongjiang) River, Northeast China</dc:title> <dc:creator>Lei Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Huili Shao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pavel B. Mikheev</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zepeng Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hongyu Jin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wanqiao Lu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110428</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>428</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110428</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/428</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/427"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 427: Reducing Total Dissolved Gas and Gas Bubble Trauma in a Regulated River</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/427</link> <description>When water is spilled over dams, atmospheric gases can become entrained, resulting in supersaturated water. Total dissolved gas (TDG) &amp;amp;gt; 110% saturation can cause gas bubble trauma (GBT) in fish. The negative effects of GBT include increased buoyancy, decreased swimming performance, and possible mortality. The lower Clark Fork River (LCFR) in Idaho frequently has TDG &amp;amp;gt; 110% saturation due to the spill at Cabinet Gorge Dam as well as from upstream facilities. Spillway crests on Cabinet Gorge Dam were modified to reduce TDG production and the potential harm from GBT. To evaluate the effectiveness of spillway crest modifications, relationships between river discharge and measured TDG were developed pre- and post-modification and used to calculate the predicted TDG in the LCFR pre- and post-modification under two spill season discharge scenarios. The predicted TDG for the scenarios was used with an established TDG-GBT relationship for the LCFR to estimate the expected GBT incidence. Generally, TDG was lower post-modification, and the discharge at which 110% and 120% saturation were exceeded increased by about 198 m3/s. Modification also reduced the number of days with elevated TDG. The lower TDG post-modification resulted in significant (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) reductions in the probability of observing GBT. The modification of Cabinet Gorge Dam spillway crests reduced TDG production over a range of discharges and has resulted in improved conditions for fish downstream of the dam.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-24</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 427: Reducing Total Dissolved Gas and Gas Bubble Trauma in a Regulated River</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/427">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110427</a></p> <p>Authors: Paul C. Kusnierz </p> <p>When water is spilled over dams, atmospheric gases can become entrained, resulting in supersaturated water. Total dissolved gas (TDG) &amp;amp;gt; 110% saturation can cause gas bubble trauma (GBT) in fish. The negative effects of GBT include increased buoyancy, decreased swimming performance, and possible mortality. The lower Clark Fork River (LCFR) in Idaho frequently has TDG &amp;amp;gt; 110% saturation due to the spill at Cabinet Gorge Dam as well as from upstream facilities. Spillway crests on Cabinet Gorge Dam were modified to reduce TDG production and the potential harm from GBT. To evaluate the effectiveness of spillway crest modifications, relationships between river discharge and measured TDG were developed pre- and post-modification and used to calculate the predicted TDG in the LCFR pre- and post-modification under two spill season discharge scenarios. The predicted TDG for the scenarios was used with an established TDG-GBT relationship for the LCFR to estimate the expected GBT incidence. Generally, TDG was lower post-modification, and the discharge at which 110% and 120% saturation were exceeded increased by about 198 m3/s. Modification also reduced the number of days with elevated TDG. The lower TDG post-modification resulted in significant (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) reductions in the probability of observing GBT. The modification of Cabinet Gorge Dam spillway crests reduced TDG production over a range of discharges and has resulted in improved conditions for fish downstream of the dam.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Reducing Total Dissolved Gas and Gas Bubble Trauma in a Regulated River</dc:title> <dc:creator>Paul C. Kusnierz</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110427</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>427</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110427</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/427</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/426"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 426: Factors Influencing Consumers&amp;rsquo; Purchases of Snook (Centropomus viridis) and Red Snapper (Lutjanus peru) from Artisanal Aquaculture Cooperatives in Mexico</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/426</link> <description>Aquaculture in developing countries, including Mexico, primarily consists of artisanal activities characterized by low-scale production. No studies in these regions has analyzed consumer preferences regarding aquaculture products, specifically for snook and red snapper. Consequently, to explore consumer preferences, the primary objective of this study is to estimate a measure of welfare in the form of willingness to pay (WTP) for fish cultivated under small-scale production conditions in floating cages. To examine the variables impacting WTP, we employed the random utility model (RUM) theoretical framework and a grouping of econometric models belonging to the discrete choice framework. The results strongly suggest that product attributes, such as presentation, purchasing location, consumption-related characteristics, and certain socioeconomic variables, significantly influence the decision to select farmed products. Developing productive aquaculture projects in Mexico and other developing countries can enhance community development by providing producers with accurate information for decision-making and by expanding the fish supply in response to the growing consumer demand.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-24</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 426: Factors Influencing Consumers&amp;rsquo; Purchases of Snook (Centropomus viridis) and Red Snapper (Lutjanus peru) from Artisanal Aquaculture Cooperatives in Mexico</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/426">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110426</a></p> <p>Authors: Marco Antonio Almendarez-Hern谩ndez Ismael S谩nchez-Brito Ren茅 Arturo Kachok-Gavarain Deneb Maldonado-Garc铆a Carolina S谩nchez-Verdugo Minerva Concepci贸n Maldonado-Garc铆a </p> <p>Aquaculture in developing countries, including Mexico, primarily consists of artisanal activities characterized by low-scale production. No studies in these regions has analyzed consumer preferences regarding aquaculture products, specifically for snook and red snapper. Consequently, to explore consumer preferences, the primary objective of this study is to estimate a measure of welfare in the form of willingness to pay (WTP) for fish cultivated under small-scale production conditions in floating cages. To examine the variables impacting WTP, we employed the random utility model (RUM) theoretical framework and a grouping of econometric models belonging to the discrete choice framework. The results strongly suggest that product attributes, such as presentation, purchasing location, consumption-related characteristics, and certain socioeconomic variables, significantly influence the decision to select farmed products. Developing productive aquaculture projects in Mexico and other developing countries can enhance community development by providing producers with accurate information for decision-making and by expanding the fish supply in response to the growing consumer demand.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Factors Influencing Consumers&amp;amp;rsquo; Purchases of Snook (Centropomus viridis) and Red Snapper (Lutjanus peru) from Artisanal Aquaculture Cooperatives in Mexico</dc:title> <dc:creator>Marco Antonio Almendarez-Hern谩ndez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ismael S谩nchez-Brito</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ren茅 Arturo Kachok-Gavarain</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Deneb Maldonado-Garc铆a</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carolina S谩nchez-Verdugo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Minerva Concepci贸n Maldonado-Garc铆a</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110426</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>426</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110426</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/426</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/425"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 425: Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/425</link> <description>Iprodione (IDN) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to treat various fungal infections in plants. Despite its extensive use, assessment of its toxicity in aquatic organisms remains incomplete. This study investigated the deleterious effects of IDN using zebrafish (ZF) as a model organism. ZF embryos, beginning at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf), were exposed to IDN (3.75&amp;amp;ndash;40 mg/L), and both mortality and deformities were assessed. The impact of IDN on mortality was concentration-dependent and significant from 14 mg/L. Importantly, IDN induced several deformities at sublethal concentrations, including abnormal somites, reduced retinal pigment accumulation, yolk sac edema, hatching failure, abnormal swim bladders, and spinal curvature. The EC50 values for IDN-induced deformities were 3.44 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.74 to 21.42 &amp;amp;plusmn; 6.00 mg/L. The calculated teratogenic index values for all deformities were above 1, indicating that IDN is teratogenic to ZF. IDN-exposed ZF also displayed abnormalities in touch-evoked escape responses. IDN significantly affected heart rate and blood flow, and induced pericardial edema and hyperemia in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its influence on cardiac development and the function of ZF. In conclusion, these results suggest that IDN exerts toxic effects on ZF embryos, affecting mortality, development, and behavior.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-23</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 425: Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/425">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110425</a></p> <p>Authors: Chang-Young Yoon Kyongmi Chon Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti Sojeong Hwang Kyeong-Hun Park Kee Sung Kyung </p> <p>Iprodione (IDN) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to treat various fungal infections in plants. Despite its extensive use, assessment of its toxicity in aquatic organisms remains incomplete. This study investigated the deleterious effects of IDN using zebrafish (ZF) as a model organism. ZF embryos, beginning at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf), were exposed to IDN (3.75&amp;amp;ndash;40 mg/L), and both mortality and deformities were assessed. The impact of IDN on mortality was concentration-dependent and significant from 14 mg/L. Importantly, IDN induced several deformities at sublethal concentrations, including abnormal somites, reduced retinal pigment accumulation, yolk sac edema, hatching failure, abnormal swim bladders, and spinal curvature. The EC50 values for IDN-induced deformities were 3.44 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.74 to 21.42 &amp;amp;plusmn; 6.00 mg/L. The calculated teratogenic index values for all deformities were above 1, indicating that IDN is teratogenic to ZF. IDN-exposed ZF also displayed abnormalities in touch-evoked escape responses. IDN significantly affected heart rate and blood flow, and induced pericardial edema and hyperemia in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its influence on cardiac development and the function of ZF. In conclusion, these results suggest that IDN exerts toxic effects on ZF embryos, affecting mortality, development, and behavior.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos</dc:title> <dc:creator>Chang-Young Yoon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kyongmi Chon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sojeong Hwang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kyeong-Hun Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kee Sung Kyung</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110425</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-23</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-23</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>425</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110425</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/425</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/424"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 424: Acoustic Target Strength Measurement of Larmichthys crocea Based on the Kirchhoff-Ray Mode Model</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/424</link> <description>Larmichthys crocea (L. crocea) is an economically important fish species mainly distributed off the coast of China. In this study, 11 L. crocea samples of different body lengths were collected from aquaculture cages in the East China Sea to measure the acoustic target strength (TS). Using the Kirchhoff-Ray mode (KRM) model, the directional TS of L. crocea was measured at frequencies of 70 kHz, 120 kHz, and 200 kHz. Furthermore, the relationships between TS and body length were determined using the least squares method and the standard b20 equation. The results showed that the TS of L. crocea varied with tilt angle, frequency, and body length. For tilt angles ranging from (&amp;amp;minus;5&amp;amp;deg;, 15&amp;amp;deg;), the equation for fitting TS and body length using the least squares method were TS = 32.99&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 87.36 (70 kHz), TS = 33.26&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 87.77 (120 kHz), and TS = 39.46&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 95.51 (200 kHz). They were expressed in the standard b20 equation as TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.16 (70 kHz), TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.23 (120 kHz), and TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.24 (200 kHz). For tilt angles ranging from (0&amp;amp;deg;, 10&amp;amp;deg;), the equation for fitting TS and body length using the least squares method is TS = 28.69&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 81.71 (70 kHz), TS = 32.30&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 86.44 (120 kHz), and TS = 45.87&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 103.73 (200 kHz). They were expressed in the standard b20 equation as TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 70.88 (70 kHz), TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.10 (120 kHz), and TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.48 (200 kHz). Moreover, the 18&amp;amp;ndash;300 kHz spectral curve showed a decreasing trend in the frequency range from 18 kHz to 30 kHz, while maintaining relatively stable fluctuations in the other frequency ranges. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the scattering characteristics of L. crocea and provide a reliable reference of TS for the fishery acoustic assessment of L. crocea.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 424: Acoustic Target Strength Measurement of Larmichthys crocea Based on the Kirchhoff-Ray Mode Model</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/424">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110424</a></p> <p>Authors: Junliang Meng Yong Tang Lizhi Sun Longshan Lin Yuan Li Xing Miao Shigang Liu Puqing Song </p> <p>Larmichthys crocea (L. crocea) is an economically important fish species mainly distributed off the coast of China. In this study, 11 L. crocea samples of different body lengths were collected from aquaculture cages in the East China Sea to measure the acoustic target strength (TS). Using the Kirchhoff-Ray mode (KRM) model, the directional TS of L. crocea was measured at frequencies of 70 kHz, 120 kHz, and 200 kHz. Furthermore, the relationships between TS and body length were determined using the least squares method and the standard b20 equation. The results showed that the TS of L. crocea varied with tilt angle, frequency, and body length. For tilt angles ranging from (&amp;amp;minus;5&amp;amp;deg;, 15&amp;amp;deg;), the equation for fitting TS and body length using the least squares method were TS = 32.99&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 87.36 (70 kHz), TS = 33.26&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 87.77 (120 kHz), and TS = 39.46&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 95.51 (200 kHz). They were expressed in the standard b20 equation as TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.16 (70 kHz), TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.23 (120 kHz), and TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.24 (200 kHz). For tilt angles ranging from (0&amp;amp;deg;, 10&amp;amp;deg;), the equation for fitting TS and body length using the least squares method is TS = 28.69&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 81.71 (70 kHz), TS = 32.30&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 86.44 (120 kHz), and TS = 45.87&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 103.73 (200 kHz). They were expressed in the standard b20 equation as TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 70.88 (70 kHz), TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.10 (120 kHz), and TS = 20&amp;amp;middot;log10L &amp;amp;minus; 71.48 (200 kHz). Moreover, the 18&amp;amp;ndash;300 kHz spectral curve showed a decreasing trend in the frequency range from 18 kHz to 30 kHz, while maintaining relatively stable fluctuations in the other frequency ranges. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the scattering characteristics of L. crocea and provide a reliable reference of TS for the fishery acoustic assessment of L. crocea.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Acoustic Target Strength Measurement of Larmichthys crocea Based on the Kirchhoff-Ray Mode Model</dc:title> <dc:creator>Junliang Meng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yong Tang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lizhi Sun</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Longshan Lin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuan Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xing Miao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shigang Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Puqing Song</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110424</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>424</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110424</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/424</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/423"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 423: Sustainability Assessment of Brown Trout Populations in Serbia (Central Balkans) Using the Modified ESHIPPO Model</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/423</link> <description>In the inland waters of the Balkans, many brown trout populations have been severely depleted. Therefore, identifying potential threats to their continued survival and ranking populations based on their biological and evolutionary importance enables setting conservation priorities. To assess the sustainability of the brown trout populations in the territory of Serbia (central Balkans), a modification of the ESHIPPO model was performed. The main modification involves incorporating the investigated populations&amp;amp;rsquo; genetic structure into the model. Therefore, the new ESHIPPOsalmo model includes an analysis of biological parameters and the impact of multiple factors, including habitat alterations, invasive species, pollution, human population growth, and over-exploitation. In order to investigate individual levels of influence of the model&amp;amp;rsquo;s analyzed parameters, a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods was used. The structure of the model is based on general and easily measurable indicators, which enables its application in any salmonid river in the world. By evaluating the parameters of the ESHIPPOsalmo model, we were able to establish that, of the analyzed populations from 46 localities, 37% have a moderate level of sustainability, 43% low, and 20% critically low.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 423: Sustainability Assessment of Brown Trout Populations in Serbia (Central Balkans) Using the Modified ESHIPPO Model</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/423">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110423</a></p> <p>Authors: Tijana Veli膷kovi膰 Sa拧a Mari膰 David Stankovi膰 Aleksandra Milo拧kovi膰 Milena Radenkovi膰 Radek 艩anda Jasna Vuki膰 Simona 膼uretanovi膰 Nata拧a Kojadinovi膰 Marija Jakovljevi膰 Vladica Simi膰 </p> <p>In the inland waters of the Balkans, many brown trout populations have been severely depleted. Therefore, identifying potential threats to their continued survival and ranking populations based on their biological and evolutionary importance enables setting conservation priorities. To assess the sustainability of the brown trout populations in the territory of Serbia (central Balkans), a modification of the ESHIPPO model was performed. The main modification involves incorporating the investigated populations&amp;amp;rsquo; genetic structure into the model. Therefore, the new ESHIPPOsalmo model includes an analysis of biological parameters and the impact of multiple factors, including habitat alterations, invasive species, pollution, human population growth, and over-exploitation. In order to investigate individual levels of influence of the model&amp;amp;rsquo;s analyzed parameters, a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods was used. The structure of the model is based on general and easily measurable indicators, which enables its application in any salmonid river in the world. By evaluating the parameters of the ESHIPPOsalmo model, we were able to establish that, of the analyzed populations from 46 localities, 37% have a moderate level of sustainability, 43% low, and 20% critically low.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Sustainability Assessment of Brown Trout Populations in Serbia (Central Balkans) Using the Modified ESHIPPO Model</dc:title> <dc:creator>Tijana Veli膷kovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sa拧a Mari膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>David Stankovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aleksandra Milo拧kovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Milena Radenkovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Radek 艩anda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jasna Vuki膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Simona 膼uretanovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nata拧a Kojadinovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marija Jakovljevi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vladica Simi膰</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110423</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>423</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110423</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/423</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/422"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 422: Evaluation of Fish Biodiversity in Estuaries Through Environmental DNA Metabarcoding: A Comprehensive Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/422</link> <description>Traditional methods face difficulties in capturing elusive species and navigating the complexities of estuarine environments. The adoption of eDNA metabarcoding has revolutionized biodiversity assessment, offering non-invasive and comprehensive sampling. Challenges specific to estuaries, such as sediment loads and salinity fluctuations, were initially addressed through improved DNA extraction, optimized primers, and specialized bioinformatics tools. The integration of multiple genetic markers and quantitative eDNA approaches has enhanced resolution, enabling the detection of rare and cryptic species. Standardized sampling protocols and validation through traditional methods contribute to the reliability of eDNA metabarcoding. This technology holds promise for informing conservation and management strategies in estuarine ecosystems by providing timely and cost-effective biodiversity data.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 422: Evaluation of Fish Biodiversity in Estuaries Through Environmental DNA Metabarcoding: A Comprehensive Review</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/422">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110422</a></p> <p>Authors: Asma Massad Alenzi </p> <p>Traditional methods face difficulties in capturing elusive species and navigating the complexities of estuarine environments. The adoption of eDNA metabarcoding has revolutionized biodiversity assessment, offering non-invasive and comprehensive sampling. Challenges specific to estuaries, such as sediment loads and salinity fluctuations, were initially addressed through improved DNA extraction, optimized primers, and specialized bioinformatics tools. The integration of multiple genetic markers and quantitative eDNA approaches has enhanced resolution, enabling the detection of rare and cryptic species. Standardized sampling protocols and validation through traditional methods contribute to the reliability of eDNA metabarcoding. This technology holds promise for informing conservation and management strategies in estuarine ecosystems by providing timely and cost-effective biodiversity data.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Evaluation of Fish Biodiversity in Estuaries Through Environmental DNA Metabarcoding: A Comprehensive Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Asma Massad Alenzi</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110422</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>422</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110422</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/422</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/421"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 421: Species Composition of Fish Larvae and Juveniles in the Nanji Islands, China</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/421</link> <description>To describe the species composition of fish larvae and juveniles in the Nanji Islands, monthly collection was conducted at 12 stations around the Nanji Islands from March 2023 to February 2024 by using horizontal tow at the surface layer. The fish larvae and juveniles were collected by a larva net (1.3 m mouth diameter, 0.5 mm mesh aperture). A total of 6446 fish larvae and juveniles were collected, belonging to 59 species and 54 genera in 11 families. Most of them were preflexion larvae (93.31%). Gobiidae, with eight species, was the most diverse family. Based on the index of relative importance (IRI) result, the dominant species was Sebastiscus marmoratus (Cuvier, 1829), accounting for 84.52% of the total number of samples collected. The common species were Stolephorus commersonii Lacep&amp;amp;egrave;de, 1803; Omobranchus elegans (Steindachner, 1876); Nibea albiflora (Richardson, 1846); Parablennius yatabei (Jordan &amp;amp;amp; Snyder, 1900); Lateolabrax maculatus (McClelland, 1844); and Odontamblyopus lacepediiand (Temminck &amp;amp;amp; Schlegel, 1845). Other species were all rare species. The highest species number was in September (18 species), and the highest density was in December. Only one fish larva was collected in April. Pielou&amp;amp;rsquo;s evenness index was highest in November, while Margalef&amp;amp;rsquo;s richness index and Shannon&amp;amp;ndash;Wiener diversity were highest in September. The result of cluster analysis showed that the 11 months (except April) could be divided into four groups. The species number, density, and three diversity indexes showed no significant correlation with temperature and salinity.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 421: Species Composition of Fish Larvae and Juveniles in the Nanji Islands, China</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/421">doi: 10.3390/fishes9110421</a></p> <p>Authors: Xiaodong Wang Dubin Zhao Qiang Liu Tianyu Lu Junsheng Zhong Wandong Chen Shangwei Xie Shun Chen </p> <p>To describe the species composition of fish larvae and juveniles in the Nanji Islands, monthly collection was conducted at 12 stations around the Nanji Islands from March 2023 to February 2024 by using horizontal tow at the surface layer. The fish larvae and juveniles were collected by a larva net (1.3 m mouth diameter, 0.5 mm mesh aperture). A total of 6446 fish larvae and juveniles were collected, belonging to 59 species and 54 genera in 11 families. Most of them were preflexion larvae (93.31%). Gobiidae, with eight species, was the most diverse family. Based on the index of relative importance (IRI) result, the dominant species was Sebastiscus marmoratus (Cuvier, 1829), accounting for 84.52% of the total number of samples collected. The common species were Stolephorus commersonii Lacep&amp;amp;egrave;de, 1803; Omobranchus elegans (Steindachner, 1876); Nibea albiflora (Richardson, 1846); Parablennius yatabei (Jordan &amp;amp;amp; Snyder, 1900); Lateolabrax maculatus (McClelland, 1844); and Odontamblyopus lacepediiand (Temminck &amp;amp;amp; Schlegel, 1845). Other species were all rare species. The highest species number was in September (18 species), and the highest density was in December. Only one fish larva was collected in April. Pielou&amp;amp;rsquo;s evenness index was highest in November, while Margalef&amp;amp;rsquo;s richness index and Shannon&amp;amp;ndash;Wiener diversity were highest in September. The result of cluster analysis showed that the 11 months (except April) could be divided into four groups. The species number, density, and three diversity indexes showed no significant correlation with temperature and salinity.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Species Composition of Fish Larvae and Juveniles in the Nanji Islands, China</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xiaodong Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dubin Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qiang Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tianyu Lu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Junsheng Zhong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wandong Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shangwei Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shun Chen</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9110421</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>421</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9110421</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/421</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/420"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 420: Influence of Longitudinal Fragmentation on Length&amp;ndash;Weight Relationships of Fishes in the Some&amp;#537;ul Cald River, Romania</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/420</link> <description>Romania has a rich hydrographic network, which permitted the construction of over 80 large dams on its water courses, estimating a number between 545 and 674 hydropower plants that were either built or were in a different construction stage on the rivers of Romania in 2021. These hydropower plants were often built outside specific legislation regarding ecological impacts, especially before 1990. Longitudinal fragmentation of rivers causes severe ecological impacts on biodiversity, food chains, and nutrient cycles. Some&amp;amp;#537;ul Cald River is the main tributary of Some&amp;amp;#537;ul Mic River, the most important water source for the northwestern region of Transylvania. On its course, several dams and reservoirs were built from 1968 to 1980 for electricity production and population freshwater supply. The present study aimed to analyze the length&amp;amp;ndash;weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors occurring in the longitudinally fragmented Some&amp;amp;#537;ul Cald River. The LWRs, relative condition factor Kn, and Fulton condition factor K were determined based on total length and wet body weight. Comparisons of LWRs, Kn, and K across river sections constrained by dams showed that some fish species exhibited similar growth patterns and physiological conditions, while others differed significantly. Freshwater fish physiology is altered by longitudinal fragmentation, both natural and artificial. Barriers such as dams influence the energy gradient, limiting feed availability and, consequently, the life history of fish species. Long-term management plans regarding conservation should take into consideration existing fish species population dynamics, along with their physiological and somatic status.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 420: Influence of Longitudinal Fragmentation on Length&amp;ndash;Weight Relationships of Fishes in the Some&amp;#537;ul Cald River, Romania</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/420">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100420</a></p> <p>Authors: Paul Uiuiu Radu Constantinescu Tudor P膬puc George-C膬t膬lin Muntean Maria C膬t膬lina Matei-La葲iu Anca Becze Daniel Cocan C膬lin La葲iu Cristian Olimpiu Martono葯 </p> <p>Romania has a rich hydrographic network, which permitted the construction of over 80 large dams on its water courses, estimating a number between 545 and 674 hydropower plants that were either built or were in a different construction stage on the rivers of Romania in 2021. These hydropower plants were often built outside specific legislation regarding ecological impacts, especially before 1990. Longitudinal fragmentation of rivers causes severe ecological impacts on biodiversity, food chains, and nutrient cycles. Some&amp;amp;#537;ul Cald River is the main tributary of Some&amp;amp;#537;ul Mic River, the most important water source for the northwestern region of Transylvania. On its course, several dams and reservoirs were built from 1968 to 1980 for electricity production and population freshwater supply. The present study aimed to analyze the length&amp;amp;ndash;weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors occurring in the longitudinally fragmented Some&amp;amp;#537;ul Cald River. The LWRs, relative condition factor Kn, and Fulton condition factor K were determined based on total length and wet body weight. Comparisons of LWRs, Kn, and K across river sections constrained by dams showed that some fish species exhibited similar growth patterns and physiological conditions, while others differed significantly. Freshwater fish physiology is altered by longitudinal fragmentation, both natural and artificial. Barriers such as dams influence the energy gradient, limiting feed availability and, consequently, the life history of fish species. Long-term management plans regarding conservation should take into consideration existing fish species population dynamics, along with their physiological and somatic status.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Influence of Longitudinal Fragmentation on Length&amp;amp;ndash;Weight Relationships of Fishes in the Some&amp;amp;#537;ul Cald River, Romania</dc:title> <dc:creator>Paul Uiuiu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Radu Constantinescu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tudor P膬puc</dc:creator> <dc:creator>George-C膬t膬lin Muntean</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maria C膬t膬lina Matei-La葲iu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anca Becze</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniel Cocan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>C膬lin La葲iu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Cristian Olimpiu Martono葯</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100420</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>420</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100420</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/420</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/419"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 419: Genetic Characterization of Procambarus clarkii Cultured in Sichuan Province Based on Microsatellite Markers</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/419</link> <description>The Procambarus clarkii production sector in Sichuan Province, China, is experiencing rapid growth. However, the industry faces significant challenges, including on-farm breeding and the widespread &amp;amp;ldquo;Catch Big, Keep Small&amp;amp;rdquo; farming practice, which have led to substantial genetic degradation within P. clarkii populations. Moreover, the uncertainty surrounding the origins of breeding stocks poses an additional obstacle to the local selection and cultivation of high-quality juvenile P. clarkii. With the objective of inferring the genetic lineage of cultivated P. clarkii in Sichuan, twelve microsatellite loci were employed to investigate the genetic characters of six P. clarkii populations from Sichuan and two from Hubei Province, China. The results revealed that the Sichuan populations exhibited higher levels of heterozygosity (Ho = 0.549~0.699, He = 0.547~0.607) and genetic diversity than the Hubei populations (Na = 4.00~5.250, PIC = 0.467~0.535). Notably, the DY population located in northeastern Sichuan showed the highest heterozygosity (Ho = 0.699, He = 0.607) and genetic diversity (Na = 5.250, PIC = 0.535) among the eight populations. Population structure, principal coordinate analysis and clustering analysis illuminated a close genetic relationship between the Qionglai population in Sichuan and the Jianli population in Hubei. Additionally, the remaining five Sichuan populations (Luxian, Nanxi, Xingwen, Neijiang and Daying) exhibited strong genetic affinity with the QianJiang population in Hubei, and particularly high genetic exchange may have occurred between Daying and Qianjiang (Fst = 0.001, Nm = 217.141). These results suggest that the primary cultivated P. clarkii populations in Sichuan likely originated from Qianjiang and Jianli counties in Hubei, with Qianjiang contributing a more substantial proportion. The genetic diversity of Sichuan populations was higher than those of some other Chinese P. clarkii farming provinces and even some native populations. Specifically, the Daying population emerges as a potential breeding germplasm source for crayfish in Sichuan. In contrast, the Qionglai population exhibits relatively low genetic diversity, highlighting the need for strategic enhancement through interactions with other populations to promote diversity and resilience. Furthermore, fostering genetic exchange among locally cultivated populations within the southern Sichuan basin is strategic to elevate the quality of P. clarkii germplasm resources.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 419: Genetic Characterization of Procambarus clarkii Cultured in Sichuan Province Based on Microsatellite Markers</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/419">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100419</a></p> <p>Authors: Changwen Deng Qingqing Liao Yingying Ren Wuyuntana Shao Yunkun Li Shiyong Yang Xiaogang Du Jiayun Wu </p> <p>The Procambarus clarkii production sector in Sichuan Province, China, is experiencing rapid growth. However, the industry faces significant challenges, including on-farm breeding and the widespread &amp;amp;ldquo;Catch Big, Keep Small&amp;amp;rdquo; farming practice, which have led to substantial genetic degradation within P. clarkii populations. Moreover, the uncertainty surrounding the origins of breeding stocks poses an additional obstacle to the local selection and cultivation of high-quality juvenile P. clarkii. With the objective of inferring the genetic lineage of cultivated P. clarkii in Sichuan, twelve microsatellite loci were employed to investigate the genetic characters of six P. clarkii populations from Sichuan and two from Hubei Province, China. The results revealed that the Sichuan populations exhibited higher levels of heterozygosity (Ho = 0.549~0.699, He = 0.547~0.607) and genetic diversity than the Hubei populations (Na = 4.00~5.250, PIC = 0.467~0.535). Notably, the DY population located in northeastern Sichuan showed the highest heterozygosity (Ho = 0.699, He = 0.607) and genetic diversity (Na = 5.250, PIC = 0.535) among the eight populations. Population structure, principal coordinate analysis and clustering analysis illuminated a close genetic relationship between the Qionglai population in Sichuan and the Jianli population in Hubei. Additionally, the remaining five Sichuan populations (Luxian, Nanxi, Xingwen, Neijiang and Daying) exhibited strong genetic affinity with the QianJiang population in Hubei, and particularly high genetic exchange may have occurred between Daying and Qianjiang (Fst = 0.001, Nm = 217.141). These results suggest that the primary cultivated P. clarkii populations in Sichuan likely originated from Qianjiang and Jianli counties in Hubei, with Qianjiang contributing a more substantial proportion. The genetic diversity of Sichuan populations was higher than those of some other Chinese P. clarkii farming provinces and even some native populations. Specifically, the Daying population emerges as a potential breeding germplasm source for crayfish in Sichuan. In contrast, the Qionglai population exhibits relatively low genetic diversity, highlighting the need for strategic enhancement through interactions with other populations to promote diversity and resilience. Furthermore, fostering genetic exchange among locally cultivated populations within the southern Sichuan basin is strategic to elevate the quality of P. clarkii germplasm resources.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Genetic Characterization of Procambarus clarkii Cultured in Sichuan Province Based on Microsatellite Markers</dc:title> <dc:creator>Changwen Deng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qingqing Liao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yingying Ren</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wuyuntana Shao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yunkun Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shiyong Yang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaogang Du</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiayun Wu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100419</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>419</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100419</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/419</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/418"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 418: Use of Environmental DNA to Evaluate the Spatial Distribution of False Kelpfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) in Nearshore Areas of Gouqi Island</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/418</link> <description>This study aims to explore the spatial distribution of false kelpfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) in the mussel farming area, artificial reef areas of Gouqi Island (Shengsi, China), and natural areas using eDNA detection methods. Surface and bottom water samples were collected at 12 stations in November 2022 and April 2023, totaling 52 samples. We used species-specific primers and probes for quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection of Sebastiscus marmoratus eDNA. The eDNA concentrations differed seasonally (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and did not differ (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05) among the three sampling areas and two water layers. The greatest eDNA concentrations occurred in the surface layer during the spring. Higher concentrations of Sebastiscus marmoratus eDNA were also found in the mussel aquaculture area. Temperature exhibited a significant positive correlation with Sebastiscus marmoratus eDNA concentration (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, we developed linear equations predicting the relationship between environmental factors and environmental factors, providing a reference for future fishery resource surveys.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-19</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 418: Use of Environmental DNA to Evaluate the Spatial Distribution of False Kelpfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) in Nearshore Areas of Gouqi Island</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/418">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100418</a></p> <p>Authors: Rijin Jiang Huibo Hao Rui Yin Peng Zhao Feng Chen Yongdong Zhou Xuejun Chai </p> <p>This study aims to explore the spatial distribution of false kelpfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) in the mussel farming area, artificial reef areas of Gouqi Island (Shengsi, China), and natural areas using eDNA detection methods. Surface and bottom water samples were collected at 12 stations in November 2022 and April 2023, totaling 52 samples. We used species-specific primers and probes for quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection of Sebastiscus marmoratus eDNA. The eDNA concentrations differed seasonally (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and did not differ (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05) among the three sampling areas and two water layers. The greatest eDNA concentrations occurred in the surface layer during the spring. Higher concentrations of Sebastiscus marmoratus eDNA were also found in the mussel aquaculture area. Temperature exhibited a significant positive correlation with Sebastiscus marmoratus eDNA concentration (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, we developed linear equations predicting the relationship between environmental factors and environmental factors, providing a reference for future fishery resource surveys.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Use of Environmental DNA to Evaluate the Spatial Distribution of False Kelpfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) in Nearshore Areas of Gouqi Island</dc:title> <dc:creator>Rijin Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Huibo Hao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rui Yin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Peng Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Feng Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yongdong Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xuejun Chai</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100418</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-19</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-19</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>418</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100418</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/418</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/417"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 417: Growth, Productivity and Nutrient Uptake Rates of Ulva lactuca and Devaleraea mollis Co-Cultured with Atractoscion nobilis in a Land-Based Seawater Flow-Through Cascade IMTA System</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/417</link> <description>To advance environmentally friendly technologies in the aquaculture of Atractoscion nobilis, and simultaneously to diversify seafood production, a 79-day trial was conducted to assess the performance of Ulva lactuca and Devaleraea mollis cultured in the effluent from A. nobilis in a land-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system in southern California, USA. Water quality and performance of macroalgae were measured weekly. The impacted factors on the growth of macroalgae and nutrient uptake rate of macroalgae were assessed. The specific growth rate of juvenile A. nobilis was 0.47&amp;amp;ndash;0.52%/d. Total ammonia nitrogen in effluents of A. nobilis tanks ranged from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/L. Ulva lactuca and D. mollis achieved an average productivity of 24.53 and 14.40 g dry weight (DW)/m2/d. The average nitrogen content was 3.48 and 4.89% DW, and accordingly, the average nitrogen uptake rate was 0.88 and 0.71 g/m2/d, respectively. Temperature and nutrient concentration were key factors impacting macroalgae growth, and light intensity also impacted the growth of D. mollis. The high protein content of U. lactuca and D. mollis would make them good for use as human or animal food, or for use in other industries. Research on the interaction effects between seawater exchange rates and aeration rates on the performance and nutrient uptake rates of macroalgae will be conducted in future studies.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-19</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 417: Growth, Productivity and Nutrient Uptake Rates of Ulva lactuca and Devaleraea mollis Co-Cultured with Atractoscion nobilis in a Land-Based Seawater Flow-Through Cascade IMTA System</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/417">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100417</a></p> <p>Authors: Yuanzi Huo Matthew S. Elliott Mark Drawbridge </p> <p>To advance environmentally friendly technologies in the aquaculture of Atractoscion nobilis, and simultaneously to diversify seafood production, a 79-day trial was conducted to assess the performance of Ulva lactuca and Devaleraea mollis cultured in the effluent from A. nobilis in a land-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system in southern California, USA. Water quality and performance of macroalgae were measured weekly. The impacted factors on the growth of macroalgae and nutrient uptake rate of macroalgae were assessed. The specific growth rate of juvenile A. nobilis was 0.47&amp;amp;ndash;0.52%/d. Total ammonia nitrogen in effluents of A. nobilis tanks ranged from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/L. Ulva lactuca and D. mollis achieved an average productivity of 24.53 and 14.40 g dry weight (DW)/m2/d. The average nitrogen content was 3.48 and 4.89% DW, and accordingly, the average nitrogen uptake rate was 0.88 and 0.71 g/m2/d, respectively. Temperature and nutrient concentration were key factors impacting macroalgae growth, and light intensity also impacted the growth of D. mollis. The high protein content of U. lactuca and D. mollis would make them good for use as human or animal food, or for use in other industries. Research on the interaction effects between seawater exchange rates and aeration rates on the performance and nutrient uptake rates of macroalgae will be conducted in future studies.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Growth, Productivity and Nutrient Uptake Rates of Ulva lactuca and Devaleraea mollis Co-Cultured with Atractoscion nobilis in a Land-Based Seawater Flow-Through Cascade IMTA System</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yuanzi Huo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Matthew S. Elliott</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mark Drawbridge</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100417</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-19</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-19</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>417</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100417</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/417</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/416"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 416: Comparing the Efficacy of Seaweed Rafts and Light Traps in Monitoring the Variation in Abundance and Diversity of Juvenile Fish Assemblage During Diurnal and Nocturnal Periods in Tropical Coastal Waters</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/416</link> <description>This study evaluates the relative and combined effectiveness of seaweed rafts and light traps in attracting juvenile fish, focusing on diel variations in juvenile fish assemblage in the tropical coastal waters of Gaolong Bay, Wenchang City, Hainan Province. Sampling was conducted in May 2023 during various time periods using self-made artificial drifting seaweed rafts and light traps. The nonparametric Kruskal&amp;amp;ndash;Wallis was employed to compare the diversity and catch per unit effort of juvenile fish across different time periods and sampling methods. The Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance, heatmaps, and Principal Coordinates Analysis were used to analyze and visualize the differences between juvenile fish assemblages. Our findings indicate that light traps were particularly effective during nocturnal periods, capturing a diverse array of species and achieving the highest richness and evenness indices. Seaweed rafts demonstrated the lowest diversity indices, largely due to the dominance of specific species, which likely contributed to the competitive exclusion of other species. Seaweed rafts showed significant effectiveness during noon, providing critical habitat and shelter that attracted juvenile fish despite the lower diversity. While each method demonstrated specific advantages, their combined approach did not significantly improve juvenile fish aggregation compared to the individual method. These findings underscore the importance of considering diel and tidal cycles in the selection of sampling methods, as aligning the method with the time of day can greatly enhance the accuracy of biodiversity assessments, leading to more informed conservation and management strategies for tropical coastal waters.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-17</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 416: Comparing the Efficacy of Seaweed Rafts and Light Traps in Monitoring the Variation in Abundance and Diversity of Juvenile Fish Assemblage During Diurnal and Nocturnal Periods in Tropical Coastal Waters</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/416">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100416</a></p> <p>Authors: Chufeng Fan Zhongbo Miao Yongxiang Li Wentong Xia Ying Lu Songguang Xie Yiqing Song </p> <p>This study evaluates the relative and combined effectiveness of seaweed rafts and light traps in attracting juvenile fish, focusing on diel variations in juvenile fish assemblage in the tropical coastal waters of Gaolong Bay, Wenchang City, Hainan Province. Sampling was conducted in May 2023 during various time periods using self-made artificial drifting seaweed rafts and light traps. The nonparametric Kruskal&amp;amp;ndash;Wallis was employed to compare the diversity and catch per unit effort of juvenile fish across different time periods and sampling methods. The Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance, heatmaps, and Principal Coordinates Analysis were used to analyze and visualize the differences between juvenile fish assemblages. Our findings indicate that light traps were particularly effective during nocturnal periods, capturing a diverse array of species and achieving the highest richness and evenness indices. Seaweed rafts demonstrated the lowest diversity indices, largely due to the dominance of specific species, which likely contributed to the competitive exclusion of other species. Seaweed rafts showed significant effectiveness during noon, providing critical habitat and shelter that attracted juvenile fish despite the lower diversity. While each method demonstrated specific advantages, their combined approach did not significantly improve juvenile fish aggregation compared to the individual method. These findings underscore the importance of considering diel and tidal cycles in the selection of sampling methods, as aligning the method with the time of day can greatly enhance the accuracy of biodiversity assessments, leading to more informed conservation and management strategies for tropical coastal waters.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Comparing the Efficacy of Seaweed Rafts and Light Traps in Monitoring the Variation in Abundance and Diversity of Juvenile Fish Assemblage During Diurnal and Nocturnal Periods in Tropical Coastal Waters</dc:title> <dc:creator>Chufeng Fan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhongbo Miao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yongxiang Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wentong Xia</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ying Lu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Songguang Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yiqing Song</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100416</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>416</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100416</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/416</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/415"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 415: Tissue-Specific Toxicity in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Caused by Combined Exposure to Triphenyltin and Norfloxacin</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/415</link> <description>Triphenyltin (TPT) is a commonly encountered organotin compound known for its endocrine-disrupting properties; it frequently interacts with antibiotics in aquatic environments. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (17.43 &amp;amp;plusmn; 4.34 g, 11.84 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.88 cm) were chosen as the experimental organisms. According to the environmental concentration in the heavily polluted area, the control group and the experimental groups were exposed for 21 days to the following treatments: 1 &amp;amp;mu;g/L TPT, 1 mg/L NOR, and a combination of 1 &amp;amp;mu;g/L TPT plus 1 mg/L NOR. The investigation examined the individual and combined toxicities of TPT and norfloxacin (NOR) on the gill, liver, and gut tissues of common carp in highly polluted areas. The findings revealed tissue-specific variations in 1L-1&amp;amp;beta; enzyme activity; specifically, 1L-1&amp;amp;beta; enzyme activity exhibited a significant reduction in liver tissue under both NOR exposure and combined exposure, indicating that high concentrations of NOR had the most pronounced impact on the immune system of liver tissue. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of IL-1&amp;amp;beta;, Lysozyme-C, NKA, and CPT1 in the liver, intestinal, and gill tissues showed differences after exposure. In addition, TPT exerted the most significant effect on intestinal tissue, followed by the liver and gill tissues. Interestingly, when TPT and NOR were exposed together, the toxic effects on all tissues were reduced, suggesting the existence of antagonistic effects.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-17</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 415: Tissue-Specific Toxicity in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Caused by Combined Exposure to Triphenyltin and Norfloxacin</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/415">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100415</a></p> <p>Authors: Yiwei Liu Luoxin Li Siqi Zhang Minghao Yin Tengzhou Li Bianhao Zeng Ling Liu Ping Li Zhihua Li </p> <p>Triphenyltin (TPT) is a commonly encountered organotin compound known for its endocrine-disrupting properties; it frequently interacts with antibiotics in aquatic environments. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (17.43 &amp;amp;plusmn; 4.34 g, 11.84 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.88 cm) were chosen as the experimental organisms. According to the environmental concentration in the heavily polluted area, the control group and the experimental groups were exposed for 21 days to the following treatments: 1 &amp;amp;mu;g/L TPT, 1 mg/L NOR, and a combination of 1 &amp;amp;mu;g/L TPT plus 1 mg/L NOR. The investigation examined the individual and combined toxicities of TPT and norfloxacin (NOR) on the gill, liver, and gut tissues of common carp in highly polluted areas. The findings revealed tissue-specific variations in 1L-1&amp;amp;beta; enzyme activity; specifically, 1L-1&amp;amp;beta; enzyme activity exhibited a significant reduction in liver tissue under both NOR exposure and combined exposure, indicating that high concentrations of NOR had the most pronounced impact on the immune system of liver tissue. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of IL-1&amp;amp;beta;, Lysozyme-C, NKA, and CPT1 in the liver, intestinal, and gill tissues showed differences after exposure. In addition, TPT exerted the most significant effect on intestinal tissue, followed by the liver and gill tissues. Interestingly, when TPT and NOR were exposed together, the toxic effects on all tissues were reduced, suggesting the existence of antagonistic effects.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Tissue-Specific Toxicity in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Caused by Combined Exposure to Triphenyltin and Norfloxacin</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yiwei Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luoxin Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Siqi Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Minghao Yin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tengzhou Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bianhao Zeng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ling Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ping Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhihua Li</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100415</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>415</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100415</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/415</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/413"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 413: Analysis of the Polyculture Model of the Bivalves Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri in Suspension Cages in Shallow Seas</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/413</link> <description>This study examined the survival rates of Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri with varying heights throughout winter and summer aquaculture periods under varying ratios of mixed-culture conditions in marine environments. The aim was to assess the viability and economic advantages of mixed-culture practices among different bivalve species. Results indicate that the winter (from December to February of the following year) mortality rate for A. broughtonii in mixed culture ranges from 12.04% to 16.85%, markedly lower than in single-species cultures. Mixed-culture A. broughtonii measuring 2.5&amp;amp;ndash;4.0 cm exhibit a significantly reduced summer (from July to September) mortality rate compared to those in single-species cultures (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). No significant mortality difference was observed between the monoculture and polyculture of C. farreri. Growth rates of C. farreri and A. broughtonii showed no significant differences between monoculture and polyculture conditions. The optimal size for combining two different species of bivalves is 2.5 cm, with a 1:1 ratio being the most effective. An equal number of seedlings were cultivated across various seawater aquaculture systems for a period of one year. The survival rates of monoculture seedlings of Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri were 60.34% and 86.55%, respectively. In contrast, polyculture seedlings exhibited higher survival rates after one year of mariculture, with Anadara broughtonii at 73.36% and Chlamys farreri at 89.74%. The polyculture of A. broughtonii and C. farreri in suspension cages demonstrates a favorable input&amp;amp;ndash;output ratio of 1:2.02. This approach effectively reduces winter and summer mortality rates of A. broughtonii, representing an efficient new method for marine bivalve aquaculture.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-17</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 413: Analysis of the Polyculture Model of the Bivalves Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri in Suspension Cages in Shallow Seas</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/413">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100413</a></p> <p>Authors: Chunnuan Zhao Liqun Ren Shuai Xu Yuping Wu Haiying Han Bo Li Yanxin Zheng Yang Chen Xiwen Wang Nini Fan Junjie Li Chaoyi Xie Shuai Cai Tao Yu </p> <p>This study examined the survival rates of Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri with varying heights throughout winter and summer aquaculture periods under varying ratios of mixed-culture conditions in marine environments. The aim was to assess the viability and economic advantages of mixed-culture practices among different bivalve species. Results indicate that the winter (from December to February of the following year) mortality rate for A. broughtonii in mixed culture ranges from 12.04% to 16.85%, markedly lower than in single-species cultures. Mixed-culture A. broughtonii measuring 2.5&amp;amp;ndash;4.0 cm exhibit a significantly reduced summer (from July to September) mortality rate compared to those in single-species cultures (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). No significant mortality difference was observed between the monoculture and polyculture of C. farreri. Growth rates of C. farreri and A. broughtonii showed no significant differences between monoculture and polyculture conditions. The optimal size for combining two different species of bivalves is 2.5 cm, with a 1:1 ratio being the most effective. An equal number of seedlings were cultivated across various seawater aquaculture systems for a period of one year. The survival rates of monoculture seedlings of Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri were 60.34% and 86.55%, respectively. In contrast, polyculture seedlings exhibited higher survival rates after one year of mariculture, with Anadara broughtonii at 73.36% and Chlamys farreri at 89.74%. The polyculture of A. broughtonii and C. farreri in suspension cages demonstrates a favorable input&amp;amp;ndash;output ratio of 1:2.02. This approach effectively reduces winter and summer mortality rates of A. broughtonii, representing an efficient new method for marine bivalve aquaculture.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Analysis of the Polyculture Model of the Bivalves Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri in Suspension Cages in Shallow Seas</dc:title> <dc:creator>Chunnuan Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Liqun Ren</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shuai Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuping Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Haiying Han</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bo Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yanxin Zheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yang Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiwen Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nini Fan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Junjie Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chaoyi Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shuai Cai</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tao Yu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100413</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>413</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100413</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/413</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/414"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 414: Technical Efficiency of the Nile Perch Fishing Fleet on Lake Victoria: A Comparative Perspective on the Three Riparian Countries Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/414</link> <description>Lake Victoria, which is shared by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, faces escalating concerns over sustainable fisheries amidst expanding fishing efforts. This study aims to investigate how technical efficiency (TE) and labor productivity (LP) of the Nile perch fishing fleet vary across the three riparian countries. Using a nine-year dataset spanning from 2005 to 2021 and employing Stochastic Frontier Analysis, this study evaluates the TE of the fleet, where LP is determined as catch per crew hour fished in a day for three vessel types: motorized, paddled, and sailed. Motorized fleets had the highest mean technical efficiency (0.60&amp;amp;ndash;0.66), compared to paddled (0.29&amp;amp;ndash;0.49), and sailed vessel categories (0.24&amp;amp;ndash;0.46). Sailed vessels declined in all countries owing to their low TE. In Kenya, TE and LP increased for paddled vessels, especially in the period from 2015 to 2021, and a slight increase was also indicated for motorized vessels. Conversely, Uganda and Tanzania experienced gradual declines in TE and LP, particularly from 2015 to 2021, a period of rigorous law enforcement that led to declines in the number of paddled vessels by 50% and 7%, respectively, and a contrasting increase in motorized vessels. By 2021, the number of Ugandan motorized vessels had increased greatly but TE had declined compared to Kenya and Tanzania, a sign of overcapacity. The findings underscore the need for region-specific policies that address economic differences, policy implementation impacts, and resource health to promote sustainable transboundary fisheries management on Lake Victoria.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-17</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 414: Technical Efficiency of the Nile Perch Fishing Fleet on Lake Victoria: A Comparative Perspective on the Three Riparian Countries Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/414">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100414</a></p> <p>Authors: Veronica Mpomwenda Tumi T贸masson J贸n Geir P茅tursson Anthony Taabu-Munyaho Chrispine Sangara Nyamweya Da冒i Mar Krist贸fersson </p> <p>Lake Victoria, which is shared by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, faces escalating concerns over sustainable fisheries amidst expanding fishing efforts. This study aims to investigate how technical efficiency (TE) and labor productivity (LP) of the Nile perch fishing fleet vary across the three riparian countries. Using a nine-year dataset spanning from 2005 to 2021 and employing Stochastic Frontier Analysis, this study evaluates the TE of the fleet, where LP is determined as catch per crew hour fished in a day for three vessel types: motorized, paddled, and sailed. Motorized fleets had the highest mean technical efficiency (0.60&amp;amp;ndash;0.66), compared to paddled (0.29&amp;amp;ndash;0.49), and sailed vessel categories (0.24&amp;amp;ndash;0.46). Sailed vessels declined in all countries owing to their low TE. In Kenya, TE and LP increased for paddled vessels, especially in the period from 2015 to 2021, and a slight increase was also indicated for motorized vessels. Conversely, Uganda and Tanzania experienced gradual declines in TE and LP, particularly from 2015 to 2021, a period of rigorous law enforcement that led to declines in the number of paddled vessels by 50% and 7%, respectively, and a contrasting increase in motorized vessels. By 2021, the number of Ugandan motorized vessels had increased greatly but TE had declined compared to Kenya and Tanzania, a sign of overcapacity. The findings underscore the need for region-specific policies that address economic differences, policy implementation impacts, and resource health to promote sustainable transboundary fisheries management on Lake Victoria.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Technical Efficiency of the Nile Perch Fishing Fleet on Lake Victoria: A Comparative Perspective on the Three Riparian Countries Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda</dc:title> <dc:creator>Veronica Mpomwenda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tumi T贸masson</dc:creator> <dc:creator>J贸n Geir P茅tursson</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anthony Taabu-Munyaho</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chrispine Sangara Nyamweya</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Da冒i Mar Krist贸fersson</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100414</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>414</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100414</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/414</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/411"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 411: Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling of Brain and Liver in Phoenix Barbs (Spinibarbus denticulatus denticulatus) with Differential Growth Rates</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/411</link> <description>Phoenix barb (Spinibarbus denticulatus denticulatus) is a notable fish species in South China and is valued for its ecological and economic importance. To elucidate the molecular basis underlying its growth, we collected transcriptome profiles from the brains and livers of individual fish with different growth rates and compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 and 9 months after hatching (MAH). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the pathways associated with growth were predominantly enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis, AMPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, estrogen signaling, and protein metabolism. Notably, a greater number of DEGs from the fast-growing group were associated with these pathways at the early growth stage (3 MAH) than at the later stage (9 MAH). Real-time quantitative PCR results further validated that the genes involved in these pathways exhibited higher expression levels in fast-growing samples. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying growth rate differences and provides valuable genetic resources for future growth-related molecular breeding programs of phoenix barbs.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-13</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 411: Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling of Brain and Liver in Phoenix Barbs (Spinibarbus denticulatus denticulatus) with Differential Growth Rates</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/411">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100411</a></p> <p>Authors: Xi Xie Jiamiao Zhuang Xianping Liao Zhengsheng Xu Wenlang Liang Yilin Su Li Lin Jungang Xie Weiqiang Lin </p> <p>Phoenix barb (Spinibarbus denticulatus denticulatus) is a notable fish species in South China and is valued for its ecological and economic importance. To elucidate the molecular basis underlying its growth, we collected transcriptome profiles from the brains and livers of individual fish with different growth rates and compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 and 9 months after hatching (MAH). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the pathways associated with growth were predominantly enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis, AMPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, estrogen signaling, and protein metabolism. Notably, a greater number of DEGs from the fast-growing group were associated with these pathways at the early growth stage (3 MAH) than at the later stage (9 MAH). Real-time quantitative PCR results further validated that the genes involved in these pathways exhibited higher expression levels in fast-growing samples. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying growth rate differences and provides valuable genetic resources for future growth-related molecular breeding programs of phoenix barbs.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling of Brain and Liver in Phoenix Barbs (Spinibarbus denticulatus denticulatus) with Differential Growth Rates</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xi Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiamiao Zhuang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xianping Liao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhengsheng Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wenlang Liang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yilin Su</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Li Lin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jungang Xie</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Weiqiang Lin</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100411</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>411</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100411</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/411</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/412"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 412: Seasonal Distribution of Key Small-Sized Fish in the South Inshore of Zhejiang, China</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/412</link> <description>Small-sized fish are a vital food source for large predatory commercial fish and play a key role in marine food webs, bridging lower and higher trophic levels. They are indispensable in maintaining the energy flow and material cycling within aquatic ecosystems. This study utilized bottom-trawl survey data from 2017 to 2020 along the south inshore of Zhejiang, China, complemented by concurrent environmental data, to examine the influence of environmental factors on the resource density and seasonal distribution patterns of four dominant small-sized fish species. The research findings indicated that SSH (sea surface height) and Chl (chlorophyll-a concentration) emerged as the key environmental factors influencing resource densities, with all four species exhibiting similar preferences toward these variables. However, significant disparities were observed in their preferences for SST (sea surface temperature), SSS (sea surface salinity), and DO (dissolved oxygen). The various species&amp;amp;rsquo; resource density and distribution patterns underwent significant seasonal variations. Additionally, the seasons and regions with the highest resource densities consistently aligned, occurring predominantly in autumn within the northern waters of the study area. This research further elucidated the environmental predilections and seasonal spatial distribution traits of small-sized fish in the south inshore of Zhejiang, an important feeding ground for economic fish species in the East China Sea. This provides scientific backing for forecasting alterations in coastal fishery resources under environmental and climate change scenarios and supports ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-13</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 412: Seasonal Distribution of Key Small-Sized Fish in the South Inshore of Zhejiang, China</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/412">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100412</a></p> <p>Authors: Minghao Xu Xiaodi Gao Weicheng Liu Jiaqi Wang </p> <p>Small-sized fish are a vital food source for large predatory commercial fish and play a key role in marine food webs, bridging lower and higher trophic levels. They are indispensable in maintaining the energy flow and material cycling within aquatic ecosystems. This study utilized bottom-trawl survey data from 2017 to 2020 along the south inshore of Zhejiang, China, complemented by concurrent environmental data, to examine the influence of environmental factors on the resource density and seasonal distribution patterns of four dominant small-sized fish species. The research findings indicated that SSH (sea surface height) and Chl (chlorophyll-a concentration) emerged as the key environmental factors influencing resource densities, with all four species exhibiting similar preferences toward these variables. However, significant disparities were observed in their preferences for SST (sea surface temperature), SSS (sea surface salinity), and DO (dissolved oxygen). The various species&amp;amp;rsquo; resource density and distribution patterns underwent significant seasonal variations. Additionally, the seasons and regions with the highest resource densities consistently aligned, occurring predominantly in autumn within the northern waters of the study area. This research further elucidated the environmental predilections and seasonal spatial distribution traits of small-sized fish in the south inshore of Zhejiang, an important feeding ground for economic fish species in the East China Sea. This provides scientific backing for forecasting alterations in coastal fishery resources under environmental and climate change scenarios and supports ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Seasonal Distribution of Key Small-Sized Fish in the South Inshore of Zhejiang, China</dc:title> <dc:creator>Minghao Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaodi Gao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Weicheng Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiaqi Wang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100412</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>412</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100412</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/412</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/408"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 408: The Personality Traits and Interactive Behavior of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/408</link> <description>Agonistic behavior is a common behavior among agonistic Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). Such behavior often leads to limb loss or physical impairment, and significantly affects the survival, growth, and quality of the crabs, and even the yield and economic value for E. sinensis. Agonistic behavior often occurs in agonistic crabs, which is closely related to personality traits and interactive behavior of animals. E. sinensis has personality traits such as boldness, aggression, and exploration as evidenced by the partition-crossing experiment, mirror experiment, and shelter experiment. Agonistic crabs were identified as individuals with boldness, high aggression, and high exploration. The interactive behavior spectrum of E. sinensis was first obtained, consisting of 15 behaviors. This spectrum described and summarized all interactive behaviors of E. sinensis during fights. The interactive behavior characteristics of agonistic crabs were identified as darting, intimidating, grabbing, pushing, stretching, and visitation. These results lay a theoretical basis for in-depth behavioral research on E. sinensis in the future. The technique of identifying agonistic crabs by personality traits and interactive behaviors not only allows for the elimination of agonistic crabs from the aquaculture process and the reduction in negative impacts caused by aggressive crabs, but also allows for the breeding of non-agonistic crabs and the further reduction in the economic losses caused by fighting behaviors.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 408: The Personality Traits and Interactive Behavior of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/408">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100408</a></p> <p>Authors: Jianyang Sun Dongxin Zhang Yuhang Hong Chengyi Weng Yangyang Pang Yongxu Cheng Xiaozhen Yang </p> <p>Agonistic behavior is a common behavior among agonistic Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). Such behavior often leads to limb loss or physical impairment, and significantly affects the survival, growth, and quality of the crabs, and even the yield and economic value for E. sinensis. Agonistic behavior often occurs in agonistic crabs, which is closely related to personality traits and interactive behavior of animals. E. sinensis has personality traits such as boldness, aggression, and exploration as evidenced by the partition-crossing experiment, mirror experiment, and shelter experiment. Agonistic crabs were identified as individuals with boldness, high aggression, and high exploration. The interactive behavior spectrum of E. sinensis was first obtained, consisting of 15 behaviors. This spectrum described and summarized all interactive behaviors of E. sinensis during fights. The interactive behavior characteristics of agonistic crabs were identified as darting, intimidating, grabbing, pushing, stretching, and visitation. These results lay a theoretical basis for in-depth behavioral research on E. sinensis in the future. The technique of identifying agonistic crabs by personality traits and interactive behaviors not only allows for the elimination of agonistic crabs from the aquaculture process and the reduction in negative impacts caused by aggressive crabs, but also allows for the breeding of non-agonistic crabs and the further reduction in the economic losses caused by fighting behaviors.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Personality Traits and Interactive Behavior of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jianyang Sun</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dongxin Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuhang Hong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chengyi Weng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yangyang Pang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yongxu Cheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiaozhen Yang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100408</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>408</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100408</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/408</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/410"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 410: Effect of a Commercial Polyphenol Compound on the Performance and Antioxidant Status of Penaeus vannamei</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/410</link> <description>The study evaluated the effect of a commercial polyphenol (ELIFE&amp;amp;reg;) on the growth performance and antioxidant defense system of Penaeus vannamei juveniles. The study was completely randomized with three experimental groups and eight repetitions, divided into two 28-day phases. The experimental groups consisted of different dietary inclusion levels of ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1). Five shrimps were stocked in each experimental unit. Growth performance, oxidative stress, and enzymatic activity in shrimp hepatopancreas were assessed. In Phase 1, shrimp fed ELIFE&amp;amp;reg;, regardless of inclusion level, displayed higher specific growth rate, final weight, and final length than the control group. In Phase 2, shrimp fed 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1 ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; showed higher final biomass and SGR than all other experimental groups; they also displayed increased reduced glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase activities. In both test phases, shrimp fed 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1 ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; presented increased glutathione reductase activity compared to all other experimental groups. In both test phases, shrimp fed ELIFE&amp;amp;reg;, regardless of inclusion level, exhibited increased glutathione peroxidase activity compared to control groups. Thus, ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; enhanced the antioxidant defense system of P. vannamei and led to better shrimp performance and survival. This study recommends dietary supplementation with 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1 ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; for P. vannamei juveniles.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 410: Effect of a Commercial Polyphenol Compound on the Performance and Antioxidant Status of Penaeus vannamei</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/410">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100410</a></p> <p>Authors: Hallypher Deyrrikson Ferreira Colares Cec铆lia de Souza Valente Izabel Volkweis Zadinelo Caio Henrique do Nascimento Ferreira Milena Cia Retcheski Luisa Helena Cazarolli Lodewijk Rosseel Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester </p> <p>The study evaluated the effect of a commercial polyphenol (ELIFE&amp;amp;reg;) on the growth performance and antioxidant defense system of Penaeus vannamei juveniles. The study was completely randomized with three experimental groups and eight repetitions, divided into two 28-day phases. The experimental groups consisted of different dietary inclusion levels of ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1). Five shrimps were stocked in each experimental unit. Growth performance, oxidative stress, and enzymatic activity in shrimp hepatopancreas were assessed. In Phase 1, shrimp fed ELIFE&amp;amp;reg;, regardless of inclusion level, displayed higher specific growth rate, final weight, and final length than the control group. In Phase 2, shrimp fed 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1 ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; showed higher final biomass and SGR than all other experimental groups; they also displayed increased reduced glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase activities. In both test phases, shrimp fed 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1 ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; presented increased glutathione reductase activity compared to all other experimental groups. In both test phases, shrimp fed ELIFE&amp;amp;reg;, regardless of inclusion level, exhibited increased glutathione peroxidase activity compared to control groups. Thus, ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; enhanced the antioxidant defense system of P. vannamei and led to better shrimp performance and survival. This study recommends dietary supplementation with 1.0 g kg&amp;amp;minus;1 ELIFE&amp;amp;reg; for P. vannamei juveniles.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effect of a Commercial Polyphenol Compound on the Performance and Antioxidant Status of Penaeus vannamei</dc:title> <dc:creator>Hallypher Deyrrikson Ferreira Colares</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Cec铆lia de Souza Valente</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Izabel Volkweis Zadinelo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Caio Henrique do Nascimento Ferreira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Milena Cia Retcheski</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luisa Helena Cazarolli</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lodewijk Rosseel</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100410</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>410</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100410</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/410</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/409"> <title>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 409: The Structure Analysis and mRNA Expression of CaV2 Gene Responding to Hypoxia Stress in Anadara granosa</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/409</link> <description>The blood clam (Anadara granosa) is an economic bivalve that is relatively tolerant to hypoxia, but its molecular mechanism of hypoxia tolerance is unclear. We found that a significant decrease in extracellular Ca2+ concentration and a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was observed in the blood clam through the fluorescence probe method, under hypoxic conditions at 0.5 mg/L. Concomitantly, there was a downward trend in the expression level of CaV2 mRNA, whereas NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) expression increased by qRT-PCR. These findings suggest that the elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration may activate negative transcription factors of NFAT, which subsequently suppresses the transcription of CaV2, leading to its decreased expression. Then, the NFAT RNA interference experiments supported this hypothesis. Sequence analysis and 3D structure prediction revealed conserved and mutated residue sites in blood clam compared to other bivalves. Hypoxia-induced changes in intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations, activating transcription factor NFAT and suppressing CaV2 expression. This study highlights the key roles of CaV2 and NFAT in hypoxia adaptation, paving the way for further exploration of hypoxia tolerance mechanisms in mollusca.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fishes, Vol. 9, Pages 409: The Structure Analysis and mRNA Expression of CaV2 Gene Responding to Hypoxia Stress in Anadara granosa</b></p> <p>Fishes <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/409">doi: 10.3390/fishes9100409</a></p> <p>Authors: Yang Zhang Hongxing Liu Yongbo Bao Zhilan Peng </p> <p>The blood clam (Anadara granosa) is an economic bivalve that is relatively tolerant to hypoxia, but its molecular mechanism of hypoxia tolerance is unclear. We found that a significant decrease in extracellular Ca2+ concentration and a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was observed in the blood clam through the fluorescence probe method, under hypoxic conditions at 0.5 mg/L. Concomitantly, there was a downward trend in the expression level of CaV2 mRNA, whereas NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) expression increased by qRT-PCR. These findings suggest that the elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration may activate negative transcription factors of NFAT, which subsequently suppresses the transcription of CaV2, leading to its decreased expression. Then, the NFAT RNA interference experiments supported this hypothesis. Sequence analysis and 3D structure prediction revealed conserved and mutated residue sites in blood clam compared to other bivalves. Hypoxia-induced changes in intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations, activating transcription factor NFAT and suppressing CaV2 expression. This study highlights the key roles of CaV2 and NFAT in hypoxia adaptation, paving the way for further exploration of hypoxia tolerance mechanisms in mollusca.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Structure Analysis and mRNA Expression of CaV2 Gene Responding to Hypoxia Stress in Anadara granosa</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yang Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hongxing Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yongbo Bao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhilan Peng</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/fishes9100409</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Fishes</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Fishes</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>9</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>409</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/fishes9100409</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/10/409</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <cc:License rdf:about="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> <cc:permits rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction" /> <cc:permits rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution" /> <cc:permits rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/ns#DerivativeWorks" /> </cc:License> </rdf:RDF>