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E Alien|date = 10 August 2012}}</ref> |parents = |relatives = |awards = 3 Oscars <br>Academy Awards Special Achievement Award <br>Saturn Award <br>BAFTA Film Award (nominated) <br>David di Donatello Special <br>Los Angeles Film Critics Association Special <br>Los Angeles Italian Film Awards Outstanding Achievement Award <br>Mystfest Special <br>Razzie Award (nominated) |signature = |signature_alt = |signature_size = |website =  |footnotes = }} '''Carlo Rambaldi''' (September 15, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was an Italian [[special effect]]s and [[special makeup effects|makeup effects]] artist. He was the winner of three [[Academy Awards]]: one [[Special Achievement Academy Award|Special Achievement Academy Award for Best Visual Effects]] in [[49th Academy Awards|1977]] for the 1976 version of ''[[King Kong (1976 film)|King Kong]]''<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977 49th Academy Awards (Monday, March 28, 1977)], official lists of winners and nominees in the ''Oscars.org'' website</ref> and two [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects]] in [[52nd Academy Awards|1980]] and [[55th Academy Awards|1983]] for, respectively, ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980 52nd Academy Awards (Monday, April 14, 1980)], official lists of winners and nominees in the ''Oscars.org'' website</ref> (1979) and ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1983 55th Academy Awards (Monday, April 11, 1983)], official lists of winners and nominees in the ''Oscars.org'' website</ref> (1982). He is most famous for his work in those two last mentioned films, that is for the mechanical head-effects for the creature in ''Alien'' and the design of the [[E.T. (character)|title character]] of ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''. In 2017, he was inducted into the [[Visual Effects Society|Visual Effects Society Hall of Fame]]. ==Early life== Carlo Rambaldi was born September 15, 1925, in [[Vigarano Mainarda]], [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref name=LaRepubblica>{{in lang|it}} [[Ernesto Assante|Assante, Ernesto]] (August 10, 2012). [http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli-e-cultura/2012/08/10/news/carlo_rambaldi-40727583/ "Addio a Carlo Rambaldi il creatore di E.T. e Alien"]. ''[[la Repubblica]]''</ref> He studied painting at the [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna]], where he developed a passion for electromechanics and the skeleton and musculature of the human body. He was heavily influenced by the work of [[Picasso]] and the Italian artist [[Renato Guttuso]].<ref name=Telegraph>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9590601/Carlo-Rambaldi.html "Obituaries: Carlo Rambaldi"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. October 5, 2012</ref> ==Career== Rambaldi's first work in film was creating a fire-breathing dragon for the 1957 Italian picture ''Sigfrido''<ref name=Telegraph/> (titled in the English version as ''[[The Dragon's Blood]]''). In 1963 he became a full-time special effects artist. He worked with Italian directors including [[Mario Bava]], [[Federico Fellini]], [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]], [[Mario Monicelli]] and [[Dario Argento]].<ref name=Telegraph/> Some films he worked on included ''Medusa vs the Son of Hercules'' (1962), ''[[Bloody Pit of Horror]]'' (1965), ''[[Planet of the Vampires]]'' (1965), ''[[Hercules and the Princess of Troy]]'' (1965), ''[[The Odyssey (1968 miniseries)|L'Odissea]]'' (1968, a TV miniseries), ''[[A Bay of Blood]]'' (1972), ''[[The Night of the Devils]]'' (1972), ''[[Andy Warhol's Frankenstein]]'' (1974), ''[[Blood for Dracula|Andy Warhol's Dracula]]'' (1974), ''[[Deep Red]]'' (''Profondo Rosso'', 1975), ''[[King Kong (1976 film)|King Kong]]'' (1976), ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' (1977), ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (1979), ''[[Nightwing (film)|Nightwing]]'' (1979), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' (1982), ''[[Dune (1984 film)|Dune]]'' (1984), ''[[Conan the Destroyer]]'' (1984), ''[[Silver Bullet (film)|Silver Bullet]]'' (1985), ''[[Cat's Eye (1985 film)|Cat's Eye]]'' (1985), ''[[King Kong Lives]]'' (1986) and ''[[Cameron's Closet]]'' (1988), among others. Rambaldi had the distinction of being the first special effects artist to be required to prove that his work on a film was not 'real'. Dog-mutilation scenes in the 1971 film ''[[A Lizard in a Woman's Skin]]'' were so convincingly visceral that its director, [[Lucio Fulci]], was prosecuted for offenses relating to [[Animal cruelty#Italy|animal cruelty]]. Fulci would have served a two-year prison sentence, had Rambaldi not exhibited the film's array of props to a courtroom, proving that the scene was not filmed using real animals.<ref>Wickman, Forrest (August 13, 2012). [http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2012/08/13/carlo_rambaldi_r_i_p_what_david_lynch_got_right_about_the_creator_of_e_t_.html "R.I.P. Carlo Rambaldi, Creator of ''E.T.''"] ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''.</ref><ref>Davis, Lauren (October 28, 2012). [http://io9.com/5955517/5-horror-movies-so-gruesome-the-makers-were-investigated-for-cruelty-and-murder "5 horror movies so gruesome, the makers were investigated for cruelty and murder"]. [[io9]].</ref> Rambaldi's last screen credit was on the 1988 horror film ''[[Primal Rage (film)|Primal Rage]]'', directed by his son Vittorio. When computer-generated special effects became common place, Rambaldi complained, "Any kid with a computer can reproduce the special effects seen in today’s movies. The mystery's gone. The curiosity that viewers once felt when they saw special effects has disappeared. It's as if a magician had revealed all of his tricks... There’s no question that these computer films are well packaged but the charm has disappeared... If [[Steven Spielberg|Spielberg]] were to film ''E.T.'' today using the latest technology I'm not sure it would be a hit because the techniques they’re using at the moment couldn't reproduce the tender expression of ET's eyes, for example. The secret of creating what technology is unable to express lies in the work of the artisan, who is able to develop characteristics that touch our deepest emotions."<ref name=Telegraph/> ==Personal life and death== Carlo Rambaldi married Bruna Basso, with whom he had a son, Vittorio, and a daughter, Daniela.<ref>{{cite web|title=Addio a Carlo Rambaldi il creatore di E.T. e Alien|url=http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli-e-cultura/2012/08/10/news/carlo_rambaldi-40727583/|website=republicca.it|date=10 August 2012|access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref><ref name=Telegraph/> Another son, Alessandro, died of a rare form of leukemia at 33 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carlo Rambaldi sarà cremato e sepolto a Vigarano Mainarda|url=http://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ferrara/provincia/2012/08/11/757319-carlo-rambaldi-cremazione-vigarano-mainarda.shtml|website=www.ilrestodelcarlino.it|date=August 11, 2012 |access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref> Rambaldi died after a long illness<ref>{{cite news|title=ET and Alien special effects artist Carlo Rambaldi dies|work=BBC News|date=10 August 2012|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19219081|access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref> on August 10, 2012, in [[Lamezia Terme]], [[Calabria]], where he had lived for the last decade of his life,<ref name=LaRepubblica/> after relocating to be near his daughter and grandchildren.<ref name="ilrestodelcarlino.it">{{cite web|last1=Agi|first1=Fonte|title=Carlo Rambaldi sarà cremato e sepolto a Vigarano Mainarda|url=http://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ferrara/provincia/2012/08/11/757319-carlo-rambaldi-cremazione-vigarano-mainarda.shtml|website=www.ilrestodelcarlino.it|date=August 11, 2012 |access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref> His ashes were laid to rest in the family tomb in Vigarano Mainarda, near his son Alessandro.<ref name="ilrestodelcarlino.it"/> ==Select filmography== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! width="15%" rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title !! width="4%" rowspan="2" scope="col" | Year!! colspan="2" scope="col" | Credited as !! width="10%" rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes !! width="1%" rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- ! width=12% |Special effects!! width=12% | Other |- !scope="row"|''[[The Dragon's Blood|Dragon's Blood]]'' |1957 | {{yes}} | | Dragon creator |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=49}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Goliath and the Dragon]]'' |rowspan="2"|1960 | | {{yes}} | Special make-up effects |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=70}} |- !scope="row"|{{sort|Giants of Thessaly|''[[The Giants of Thessaly]]''}} | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017a|pp=315–316}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules]]'' |1962 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|pp=57–58}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Medusa Against the Son of Hercules]]'' |1963 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|pp=115–116}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Bloody Pit of Horror]]'' |1965 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017b|pp=137–138}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Danger: Diabolik]]'' |1968 | | {{yes}} | Set designer |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Celli|Cottino-Jones|2007|p=106}}{{sfn|Curti|2016|p=104}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Lady Frankenstein]]'' |1971 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017a|p=32}} |- !scope="row"|{{sort|Night of the Devils|''[[The Night of the Devils]]''}} |rowspan="3"|1972 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017a|p=74}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Frankenstein '80]]'' | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017a|p=69}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Tragic Ceremony]]'' | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017a|p=327}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Flesh for Frankenstein]]'' |1973 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017a|p=80}} |- !scope="row"|{{sort|Hand That Feeds the Dead|''[[The Hand That Feeds the Dead]]''}} |rowspan="2"|1974 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|{{sfn|Curti|2017b|pp=124–125}} |- !scope="row"|''[[Blood for Dracula]]'' | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67628|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Andy Warhol's Frankenstein|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Deep Red]]'' |1975 | {{yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="darkness">{{cite book|title=Art of Darkness: The Cinema of Dario Argento|page=279|last=Gallant|first=Chris|year=2000|isbn=1903254078|publisher=Fab Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinema.encyclopedie.films.bifi.fr/index.php?pk=57670|publisher=Bifi.fr|title=Profondo rosso|language=fr|access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[King Kong (1976 film)|King Kong]]'' |1976 | {{yes}} | |Kong design and engineering |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55860|publisher=American Film Institute|title=King Kong|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|{{sort|White Buffalo|''[[The White Buffalo]]''}} |rowspan="2"|1977 | | {{yes}} |Consultant on buffalo sequences |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67646|publisher=American Film Institute|title=The White Buffalo|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' | {{yes}} | |Realization of "extraterrestrial" |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67160|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Close Encounters of the Third Kind|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' |rowspan="2"|1979 | {{yes}} | |'Alien' head effect |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=53908|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Alien|access-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906013116/http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=53908|archive-date=6 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Nightwing (film)|Nightwing]]'' | {{yes}} | |Special visual effects |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=56937|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Nightwing|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[The Hand (1981 film)|The Hand]]'' |1981 | {{yes}} | |Special visual effects |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=56629|publisher=American Film Institute|title=The Hand|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' |1981 | {{Yes}} | | |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Possession (1981) |website=IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082933/fullcredits|access-date=2021-10-01}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' |1982 | {{yes}} | |Creator of E.T. |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67140|publisher=American Film Institute|title=E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Conan the Destroyer]]'' |rowspan="2"|1984 | {{yes}} | |Creator of Dagoth |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=57064|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Conan the Destroyer|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Dune (1984 film)|Dune]]'' | {{yes}} | |Creature creator |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67647|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Dune|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Cat's Eye (1985 film)|Cat's Eye]]'' |rowspan="2"|1985 | {{yes}} | |Creature creator |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=57356|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Stephen King's Cat's Eye|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Silver Bullet (film)|Silver Bullet]]'' | {{yes}} | |Creature creator |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=58367|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Silver Bullet|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> |} ==Academy Awards== ===One Special Achievement Academy Award=== * 1977 ([[49th Academy Awards|49th]]): for Best Visual Effects for ''King Kong'' (1976), shared with [[Glen Robinson (visual effects)|Glen Robinson]] and [[Frank Van der Veer]] ===Two Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects=== * 1980 ([[52nd Academy Awards|52nd]]): for Best Visual Effects for ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (1979), shared with [[H. R. Giger]], [[Brian Johnson (special effects artist)|Brian Johnson]], [[Nick Allder]], and [[Dennis Ayling]] * 1983 ([[55th Academy Awards|55th]]): for Best Visual Effects for ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' (1982), shared with [[Dennis Muren]] and [[Kenneth F. Smith]] ==Other awards== ===Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards=== * 1982: Special Award, "''for the body of his work''" ===Saturn Awards=== * 1983: for Best Special Effects for ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' (1982), shared with Dennis Muren ===MystFest Awards=== * 1985: Special Award, "''for his whole activities''"<ref group="note">''MystFest'' is the commonly used abbreviation for the "International Mystery Film Festival of [[Cattolica]]", in Italian "''Festival internazionale del giallo e del mistero di Cattolica''"</ref> ===Los Angeles Italian Film Awards=== * 2000: Outstanding Achievement Award for Best Special Effects ===David di Donatello Awards=== * 2002: Special David Award ==Notes== <references group="note"/> == References == ===Footnotes=== {{reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last1=Celli |first1=C. |last2=Cottino-Jones |first2=M. C |title=A New Guide to Italian Cinema |publisher=Springer |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-230-60182-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Curti |first=Roberto |title=Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1957-1969 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1476619897 |year=2015 }} * {{cite book |last=Curti |first=Roberto |title=Diabolika: Supercriminals, Superheroes and the Comic Book Universe in Italian Cinema |publisher=Midnight Marquee Press |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-936168-60-6 }} *{{cite book|last=Curti|first=Roberto|title=Riccardo Freda: The Life and Works of a Born Filmmaker|publisher=McFarland|isbn= 978-1-4766-6970-0|year=2017a}} * {{cite book |last=Curti |first=Roberto |title=Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1970-1979 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]] |isbn=978-1476629605 |year=2017b }} * {{cite book |last1=Kinnard |first1=Roy |last2=Crnkovich |first2=Tony |title=Italian Sword and Sandal Films, 1908-1990 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1476662916 |year=2017 }} {{Refend}} ==External links== *{{IMDb name|id=0708058}} {{Academy Award Best Visual Effects}} {{Saturn Award for Best Special Effects}} {{Special Achievement Academy Award}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rambaldi, Carlo}} [[Category:Special effects people]] [[Category:1925 births]] [[Category:2012 deaths]] [[Category:People from the Province of Ferrara]] [[Category:People from Lamezia Terme]] [[Category:David di Donatello Career Award winners]] [[Category:Special Achievement Academy Award winners]] [[Category:Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners]] [[Category:Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna alumni]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Abbr" title="Template:Abbr">Template:Abbr</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Abbr&action=edit" 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