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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and early career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career:_1996–2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career:_1996–2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Political career: 1996–2010 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career:_1996–2010-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political career: 1996–2010 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career:_1996–2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_(2002–2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_(2002–2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prime Minister (2002–2004) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_(2002–2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 2004 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Orange_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Orange_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 After the Orange Revolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Orange_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006–2007_elections_and_second_premiership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006–2007_elections_and_second_premiership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 2006–2007 elections and second premiership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006–2007_elections_and_second_premiership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_campaign_and_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_campaign_and_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Presidential campaign and election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_campaign_and_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(2010–2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(2010–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Presidency (2010–2014) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(2010–2014)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidency (2010–2014) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(2010–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inauguration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inauguration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Inauguration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inauguration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 First days </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Presidential powers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Financial policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tax_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2.1 Tax code </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_spending_vs._debt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_spending_vs._debt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2.2 Domestic spending vs. debt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_spending_vs._debt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Energy policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3.1 Russian gas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Downgrading_uranium_stock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downgrading_uranium_stock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3.2 Downgrading uranium stock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downgrading_uranium_stock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4 Cultural policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East/West_Ukraine_unification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East/West_Ukraine_unification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4.1 East/West Ukraine unification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East/West_Ukraine_unification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holodomor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holodomor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4.2 Holodomor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holodomor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_as_an_official_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_as_an_official_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4.3 Russian as an official language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_as_an_official_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.5 Social policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimean_naval_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimean_naval_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Crimean naval base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimean_naval_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_parliamentary_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_parliamentary_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 2012 parliamentary elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_parliamentary_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_his_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_his_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Criticism of his presidency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_his_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alleged_attempt_to_remove_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_attempt_to_remove_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7.1 Alleged attempt to remove opposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_attempt_to_remove_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press_censorship_allegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press_censorship_allegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7.2 Press censorship allegation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press_censorship_allegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reports_of_corruption_and_cronyism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reports_of_corruption_and_cronyism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7.3 Reports of corruption and cronyism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reports_of_corruption_and_cronyism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_excesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_excesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7.4 Personal excesses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_excesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vote_rigging_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vote_rigging_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7.5 Vote rigging allegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vote_rigging_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euromaidan_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euromaidan_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Euromaidan protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euromaidan_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal_from_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_from_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Removal from presidency </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Removal_from_presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Removal from presidency subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Removal_from_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disavowal_by_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disavowal_by_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Disavowal by party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disavowal_by_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fleeing_to_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fleeing_to_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Fleeing to Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fleeing_to_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Exile </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Exile subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Position_of_Yanukovych_on_his_removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Position_of_Yanukovych_on_his_removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Position of Yanukovych on his removal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Position_of_Yanukovych_on_his_removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_issue_of_Russian_military_intervention_2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_issue_of_Russian_military_intervention_2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 The issue of Russian military intervention 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_issue_of_Russian_military_intervention_2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2014_to_December_2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2014_to_December_2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 March 2014 to December 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2014_to_December_2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Criminal cases </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criminal_cases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criminal cases subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criminal_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Fraud </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bribery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bribery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Bribery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bribery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Property_theft_through_conspiracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Property_theft_through_conspiracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Property theft through conspiracy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Property_theft_through_conspiracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukrtelekom_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrtelekom_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Ukrtelekom case </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrtelekom_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kharkiv_treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kharkiv_treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Kharkiv treaty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kharkiv_treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_murder_at_Maidan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_murder_at_Maidan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Mass murder at Maidan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_murder_at_Maidan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Interpol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treason" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treason"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.9 Treason </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treason-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Academic degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_and_political_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_and_political_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Cultural and political image </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_and_political_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cultural and political image subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_and_political_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paul_Manafort_consultancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paul_Manafort_consultancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Paul Manafort consultancy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paul_Manafort_consultancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Viktor Yanukovych</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" > 97 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Janoekowitsj" title="Wiktor Janoekowitsj – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wiktor Janoekowitsj" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Janukowytsch" title="Wiktor Janukowytsch – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wiktor Janukowytsch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ianucovic" title="Victor Ianucovic – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Victor Ianucovic" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="فيكتور يانوكوفيتش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكتور يانوكوفيتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Yanuk%C3%B3vich" title="Víktor Yanukóvich – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Víktor Yanukóvich" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovi%C3%A7" title="Viktor Yanukoviç – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Viktor Yanukoviç" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Віктар Фёдаравіч Януковіч – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віктар Фёдаравіч Януковіч" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Віктар Януковіч – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Віктар Януковіч" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Янукович – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виктор Янукович" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Ianoukovytch" title="Viktor Ianoukovytch – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Viktor Ianoukovytch" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Янукович – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Виктор Янукович" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Ianuk%C3%B2vitx" title="Víktor Ianukòvitx – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Víktor Ianukòvitx" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovy%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovyč – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Viktor Janukovyč" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovich" title="Viktor Yanukovich – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Viktor Yanukovich" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovitj" title="Viktor Janukovitj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Viktor Janukovitj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Janukowytsch" title="Wiktor Janukowytsch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiktor Janukowytsch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukov%C3%B5t%C5%A1" title="Viktor Janukovõtš – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viktor Janukovõtš" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Βίκτορ Γιανουκόβιτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίκτορ Γιανουκόβιτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Yanuk%C3%B3vich" title="Víktor Yanukóvich – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Víktor Yanukóvich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovi%C4%89" title="Viktor Janukoviĉ – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viktor Janukoviĉ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovitx" title="Viktor Janukovitx – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Viktor Janukovitx" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86" title="ویکتور یانوکویچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکتور یانوکویچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Ianoukovytch" title="Viktor Ianoukovytch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viktor Ianoukovytch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Jan%C3%BBkovitsj" title="Viktor Janûkovitsj – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Viktor Janûkovitsj" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%95%BC%EB%88%84%EC%BD%94%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98" title="빅토르 야누코비치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅토르 야누코비치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Վիկտոր Յանուկովիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկտոր Յանուկովիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="विक्टर यानूकोविच – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विक्टर यानूकोविच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Fedorowy%C4%8D_Janukowy%C4%8D" title="Wiktor Fedorowyč Janukowyč – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wiktor Fedorowyč Janukowyč" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovi%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovič – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viktor Janukovič" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovich" title="Viktor Yanukovich – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Viktor Yanukovich" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovich" title="Viktor Yanukovich – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Viktor Yanukovich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Yanukovich" title="Victor Yanukovich – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Victor Yanukovich" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Jan%C3%BAkovytsj" title="Víktor Janúkovytsj – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Víktor Janúkovytsj" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovy%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovyč – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viktor Janukovyč" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5%27" title="ויקטור ינוקוביץ' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקטור ינוקוביץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="ვიქტორ იანუკოვიჩი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიქტორ იანუკოვიჩი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Фёдорович Янукович – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Виктор Фёдорович Янукович" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Janukovy%C4%8D" title="Victor Janukovyč – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Victor Janukovyč" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktors_Janukovi%C4%8Ds" title="Viktors Janukovičs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viktors Janukovičs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Janukowytsch" title="Wiktor Janukowytsch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wiktor Janukowytsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoras_Janukovy%C4%8Dius" title="Viktoras Janukovyčius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viktoras Janukovyčius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovy%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovyč – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Viktor Janukovyč" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Fedorovics_Janukovics" title="Viktor Fedorovics Janukovics – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Viktor Fedorovics Janukovics" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Јанукович – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виктор Јанукович" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="व्हिक्तोर यानुकोव्हिच – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हिक्तोर यानुकोव्हिच" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="ვიქტორ იანუკოვიჩი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვიქტორ იანუკოვიჩი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="فيكتور يانوكوفيتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكتور يانوكوفيتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Янукович – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Виктор Янукович" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janoekovytsj" title="Viktor Janoekovytsj – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viktor Janoekovytsj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="भिक्टर यानुकोभिच – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिक्टर यानुकोभिच" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A4%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%81" title="ヴィクトル・ヤヌコーヴィチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィクトル・ヤヌコーヴィチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovitsj" title="Viktor Janukovitsj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Viktor Janukovitsj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovytsj" title="Viktor Janukovytsj – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Viktor Janukovytsj" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Ianok%C3%B2vych" title="Víktor Ianokòvych – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Víktor Ianokòvych" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Янукович, Виктор Фёдорович – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Янукович, Виктор Фёдорович" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovich" title="Viktor Yanukovich – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Viktor Yanukovich" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Janukowycz" title="Wiktor Janukowycz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiktor Janukowycz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Ianukovytch" title="Viktor Ianukovytch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Viktor Ianukovytch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovi%C3%A7" title="Viktor Yanukoviç – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Viktor Yanukoviç" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Ianukovici" title="Viktor Ianukovici – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viktor Ianukovici" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADktor_Yanuk%C3%B3vich" title="Víktor Yanukóvich – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Víktor Yanukóvich" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Віктор Янукович – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Віктор Янукович" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Янукович, Виктор Фёдорович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Янукович, Виктор Фёдорович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Янукович – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Виктор Янукович" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovy%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovyč – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Viktor Janukovyč" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovi%C3%A7" title="Viktor Janukoviç – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viktor Janukoviç" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Ianukovich" title="Viktor Ianukovich – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Viktor Ianukovich" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Viktor Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Fedorovy%C4%8D_Janukovy%C4%8D" title="Viktor Fedorovyč Janukovyč – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Viktor Fedorovyč Janukovyč" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovi%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovič – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viktor Janukovič" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Janukowycz" title="Wiktor Janukowycz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wiktor Janukowycz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Јанукович – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виктор Јанукович" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovi%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovič – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Viktor Janukovič" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovyt%C5%A1" title="Viktor Janukovytš – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viktor Janukovytš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Janukovytj" title="Viktor Janukovytj – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Viktor Janukovytj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D" title="விக்டர் யானுக்கோவிச் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்டர் யானுக்கோவிச்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Янукович – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Виктор Янукович" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D" title="విక్టర్ యనుకోవిచ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విక్టర్ యనుకోవిచ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виктор Янукович – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Виктор Янукович" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovi%C3%A7" title="Viktor Yanukoviç – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viktor Yanukoviç" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Янукович Віктор Федорович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Янукович Віктор Федорович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Fedorovych_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%AA%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="维克托·亚努科维奇 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维克托·亚努科维奇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych – Yoruba" 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For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Yanukovych_(surname)" title="Yanukovych (surname)">Yanukovych (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Viktor Yanukovych</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="uk"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Віктор Янукович</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3476" data-file-height="4696" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2010</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 25 February 2010 – 22 February 2014<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> (acting)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a> (acting)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th and 12th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister of Ukraine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 4 August 2006 – 18 December 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Viktor Yushchenko</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mykola Azarov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Yekhanurov" title="Yuriy Yekhanurov">Yuriy Yekhanurov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 28 December 2004 – 5 January 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Mykola Azarov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Mykola Azarov (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Mykola Azarov (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 21 November 2002 – 7 December 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Leonid Kuchma</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Mykola Azarov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Kinakh" title="Anatoliy Kinakh">Anatoliy Kinakh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Mykola Azarov (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Deputy_of_Ukraine" title="People's Deputy of Ukraine">People's Deputy of Ukraine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 25 May 2006 – 12 September 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Party-list_system" title="Party-list system">At-large</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 23 November 2007 – 19 February 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Party-list_system" title="Party-list system">At-large</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Donetsk_Oblast" title="Governor of Donetsk Oblast">Governor of Donetsk Oblast</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 14 May 1997 – 21 November 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Serhii Polyakov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Blyznyuk" title="Anatoliy Blyznyuk">Anatoliy Blyznyuk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast_Council" title="Donetsk Oblast Council">Donetsk Oblast Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 14 May 1999 – 14 May 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ivan Ponomaryov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Borys_Kolesnikov" title="Borys Kolesnikov">Borys Kolesnikov</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Governor">Deputy Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office August 1996 – May 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Serhii Polyakov</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1950-07-09) 9 July 1950 (age 74)<a href="#cite_note-rednotice-3">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yenakiieve" title="Yenakiieve">Yenakiieve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a>, Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Soviet (1950–1991)</li> <li>Ukraine (1991–2023)<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></li> <li>Russia (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> (1997–2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a> (1980–1991)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lyudmyla_Yanukovych" title="Lyudmyla Yanukovych">Lyudmilla Nastenko</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1971; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2016)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yanukovych" title="Oleksandr Yanukovych">Oleksandr</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Viktorovych_Yanukovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Viktor Viktorovych Yanukovych">Viktor</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_National_Technical_University" title="Donetsk National Technical University">Donetsk National Technical University</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State_University_of_Finance_and_International_Trade" title="Ukrainian State University of Finance and International Trade">Ukrainian State University of Finance and International Trade</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Viktor_Yanukovych_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viktor Yanukovych's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Viktor_Yanukovych_signature.svg/128px-Viktor_Yanukovych_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Viktor_Yanukovych_signature.svg/192px-Viktor_Yanukovych_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Viktor_Yanukovych_signature.svg/256px-Viktor_Yanukovych_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209093624/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/">Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine</a> (Archived)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a> (born 9 July 1950) is a former Ukrainian politician who served as the fourth <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a> from 2010 to 2014.<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> He also served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Ukraine">prime minister of Ukraine</a> several times between 2002 and 2007 and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> (parliament) from 2006 to 2010. Yanukovych was <a href="#Removal_from_presidency">removed from the presidency</a> in the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>, which followed <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">months of protests</a> against him. Since then, he has lived in <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a> in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> Yanukovych was a member of the pro-Russian <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>. Before entering national politics, Yanukovych was the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Donetsk_Oblast" title="Governor of Donetsk Oblast">Governor</a> of his native <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a> from 1997 to 2002. He was simultaneously the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast_Council" title="Donetsk Oblast Council">oblast's legislature</a> from 1999 to 2001. He first ran for president in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2004 Ukrainian presidential election">2004 election</a>, where he was declared the winner against <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a>. However, allegations of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voter_intimidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Voter intimidation">voter intimidation</a> caused widespread protests, in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ukraine" title="Supreme Court of Ukraine">Ukrainian Supreme Court</a> nullified the election and ordered a rerun, which Yanukovych lost to Yushchenko. Yanukovych ran for president again <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">in 2010</a>, this time beating <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a> in an election deemed free and fair by international observers.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> Yanukovych stood for economic modernisation, greater economic ties with the EU, and <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">military non-alignment</a>. However, his years in power saw what analysts described as <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBCObs2910-10">[8]</a> which included the jailing of Tymoshenko, a decline in <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of the press in Ukraine">press freedom</a><a href="#cite_note-press-freedom-11">[9]</a> and an increase in <a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">cronyism</a> and corruption.<a href="#cite_note-SL-OD-12">[10]</a> In November 2013, Yanukovych suddenly withdrew from signing an <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">association agreement with the EU</a>, amidst economic pressure from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Dinan-13">[11]</a> Ukraine's parliament had overwhelmingly approved finalizing the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> This sparked massive protests against him, known as the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> The unrest peaked in February 2014, when <a href="/wiki/Maidan_casualties" title="Maidan casualties">almost 100 protesters were killed</a> by government forces.<a href="#cite_note-OHCHR-18">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">An agreement</a> was then signed by Yanukovych and the opposition, but he secretly fled the capital that evening. The next day, 22 February 2014, Ukraine's parliament voted to <a href="#Removal_from_presidency">remove him</a> and schedule early elections on the grounds that he had withdrawn from his constitutional duties.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yanuousted-20">[18]</a> Some of his own party voted for his removal.<a href="#cite_note-EnUkrRev-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-SternBBC-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-w1.c1.rada.gov.ua-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-pravda.com.ua-24">[22]</a> Ukraine's new government issued an arrest warrant for Yanukovych, accusing him of responsibility for the killing of protesters. He fled to Russia, claiming to still be the head of state.<a href="#cite_note-KyivPost-25">[23]</a> In 2019, he was sentenced <a href="/wiki/Trial_in_absentia" title="Trial in absentia">in absentia</a> to a thirteen-year prison term for <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a> by a Ukrainian court.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> In polling conducted since he left office, Yanukovych has ranked as one of the worst presidents in Ukrainian history.<a href="#cite_note-34">[c]</a> Yanukovych has also given his name to a collective term for blunders made by Ukrainian politicians: <a href="/wiki/Yanukism" title="Yanukism">Yanukisms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_early_career">Early life and early career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and early career">edit</a>]</div> Viktor Yanukovych was born in the village of Zhukovka near <a href="/wiki/Yenakiieve" title="Yenakiieve">Yenakiieve</a> in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Of his childhood he has written: "My childhood was difficult and hungry. I grew up without my mother, who died when I was two. I went around bare-footed on the streets. I had to fight for myself every day.<a href="#cite_note-Tele-36">[33]</a> Yanukovych is of <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusian</a> descent. Yanukovych is a surname of Belarusian origin,<a href="#cite_note-birila-39">[36]</a> Yanuk<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> being a derivative of the Catholic name Yan ("John").<a href="#cite_note-birila-39">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> His mother was a Russian nurse and his father, Fyodor Yanukovych, was a Polish-Belarusian locomotive-driver, originally from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanuki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanuki (page does not exist)">Yanuki</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Januki" class="extiw" title="pl:Januki">pl</a>] in the <a href="/wiki/Dokshytsy_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dokshytsy Raion">Dokshytsy Raion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitebsk Region">Vitebsk Region</a> which is in present-day Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-kppolish-45">[42]</a> On various occasions, Yanukovych's family has been dogged by accusations that Fyodor Yanukovych was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a> during World War II, in particular claims by members of the <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko_Bloc" title="Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc">Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc</a>, which included documents from the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> supposedly revealing his involvement with the Schutzmannschaft.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-47">[44]</a> However, it has also been stated by residents of Yanuki that Yanukovych's family left for the Donbas before 1917, and that the collaborator Fyodor Yanukovych was an unrelated individual.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> Others, particularly members of the Party of Regions, have claimed that the documents were a falsehood with the intention of disparaging Yanukovych ahead of elections.<a href="#cite_note-:2-47">[44]</a> By the time he was a teenager, Yanukovych's father had remarried. However, Viktor left home due to conflicts with his stepmother, and was brought up by his Polish paternal grandmother, originally from <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>. His grandfather and great-grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Lithuania" title="Poles in Lithuania">Lithuanian-Poles</a>. Yanukovych has <a href="/wiki/Half-sister" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-sister">half-sisters</a> from his father's remarriage, but has no contact with them.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> On 15 December 1967, at the age of 17, Yanukovych was sentenced to three years imprisonment for participating in a robbery and assault.<a href="#cite_note-Gorina-50">[47]</a> On 8 June 1970 he was convicted for a second time on charges of assault. He was sentenced to two years of imprisonment and did not appeal the verdict. Decades later, Yanukovych characterised his arrests and imprisonment as "mistakes of youth".<a href="#cite_note-polit.ru-51">[48]</a> In 1971, Yanukovych married Lyudmyla Nastenko<a href="#cite_note-UKPresWifes-52">[49]</a> a niece of Yenakiyeve city judge Oleksandr Sazhyn.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> In July 1974, Yanukovych enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_National_Technical_University" title="Donetsk National Technical University">Donetsk Polytechnic Institute</a>. In 1976, as a second-year student, he was promoted to director of a trucking division within the Ordzhonikidzeugol coal-mining company.<a href="#cite_note-pravdapublicimage-54">[51]</a> His appointment as the chief manager marked the start of his managerial career as a regional transport executive. He held various positions in transport companies in Yenakiieve and Donetsk until 1996.<a href="#cite_note-Tele-36">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career:_1996–2010">Political career: 1996–2010</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career: 1996–2010">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych's political career began when he was appointed as a Vice-Head of Donetsk Oblast Administration in August 1996. On 14 May 1997, he was appointed as the Head of the Administration (i.e. Governor).<a href="#cite_note-BBCprofile-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister_(2002–2004)">Prime Minister (2002–2004)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prime Minister (2002–2004)">edit</a>]</div> President <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a> appointed Yanukovych to the post of prime minister following <a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Kinakh" title="Anatoliy Kinakh">Anatoliy Kinakh</a>'s resignation.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> Yanukovych began his term as prime minister on 21 November 2002 following a 234-vote confirmation in the Ukrainian parliament, eight more than needed.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> In foreign affairs, Yanukovych's cabinet was considered to be politically close to Russia, although declaring support for Ukrainian membership in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Although Yanukovych's parliamentary coalition was not supporting Ukrainian membership in the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO), his cabinet agreed to the commission of Ukrainian troops to the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> in support of the United States' <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004_presidential_campaign">2004 presidential campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2004 presidential campaign">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_Presidential_Oct_2004_Vote_(Yanukovych).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ukraine_Presidential_Oct_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/220px-Ukraine_Presidential_Oct_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ukraine_Presidential_Oct_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/330px-Ukraine_Presidential_Oct_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ukraine_Presidential_Oct_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/440px-Ukraine_Presidential_Oct_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Viktor Yanukovych (first round) – percentage of total national vote, 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_Presidential_Nov_2004_Vote_(Yanukovych).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ukraine_Presidential_Nov_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/220px-Ukraine_Presidential_Nov_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ukraine_Presidential_Nov_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/330px-Ukraine_Presidential_Nov_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ukraine_Presidential_Nov_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/440px-Ukraine_Presidential_Nov_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Viktor Yanukovych (second round) – percentage of total national vote, 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_Presidential_Dec_2004_Vote_(Yanukovych).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ukraine_Presidential_Dec_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/220px-Ukraine_Presidential_Dec_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ukraine_Presidential_Dec_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/330px-Ukraine_Presidential_Dec_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Ukraine_Presidential_Dec_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/440px-Ukraine_Presidential_Dec_2004_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Viktor Yanukovych (final round) – percentage of total national vote, 2004</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_presidential_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian presidential election, 2004">Ukrainian presidential election, 2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></div> In 2004, as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">prime minister</a>, Yanukovych participated in the controversial <a href="/wiki/2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2004 Ukrainian presidential election">Ukrainian presidential election</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> candidate. Yanukovych's main base of support emerged from the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine, which favor close ties with neighbouring Russia. In the first round of voting held on 31 October 2004, Yanukovych took second place with 39.3 percent of the votes to <a href="/wiki/Our_Ukraine%E2%80%93People%27s_Self-Defense_Bloc" title="Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc">opposition leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yuschenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Viktor Yuschenko">Viktor Yuschenko</a> with 39.8 percent. Because no candidate passed the 50 percent threshold, a second round of voting was scheduled.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-59">[56]</a> In the second round of the election, Yanukovych was initially declared the winner. However, the legitimacy of the election was questioned by Ukrainians, international organizations, and foreign governments following allegations of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a>. The resulting widespread protests became known as the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a>. The second round of the election was subsequently annulled by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ukraine" title="Supreme Court of Ukraine">Supreme Court of Ukraine</a>, and in the repeated run-off, Yanukovych lost to Yushchenko with 44.2 percent to Yushchenko's 51.9 percent.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-59">[56]</a> After the election, the Ukrainian parliament passed a non-binding <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> in Yanukovych's government, urging outgoing President Kuchma to dismiss Yanukovych and appoint a caretaker government. Five days after his electoral defeat, Yanukovych declared his resignation from the post of prime minister. In November 2009 Yanukovych stated that he conceded defeat only to avoid violence. "I didn't want mothers to lose their children and wives their husbands. I didn't want dead bodies from Kyiv to flow down the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnieper River">Dnipro</a>. I didn't want to assume power through bloodshed."<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_Orange_Revolution">After the Orange Revolution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After the Orange Revolution">edit</a>]</div> Following his electoral defeat in 2004, Yanukovych led the main opposition party against the Tymoshenko government made up of Yushchenko's Our Ukraine, the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, and <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Moroz" title="Oleksandr Moroz">Oleksandr Moroz</a>'s Socialist Party. This government was marred by growing conflict between Yushchenko and Tymoshenko. Yanukovych's Party of Regions support allowed for the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Yekhanurov" title="Yuriy Yekhanurov">Yuriy Yekhanurov</a>'s government in late 2005. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In October 2004, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_deputy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian deputy">Ukrainian deputy</a> Hryhory Omelchenko accused Yanukovych of having been a member of "a group of individuals who brutally beat and raped a woman, but bought off the victim and the criminal case was closed".<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> The press-service of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Cabinet">Ukrainian Cabinet</a> asserted that Yanukovych suffered for the attempt to defend a girl from hooligans.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2005, the Party of Regions signed a collaboration agreement with the Russian political party <a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> In 2008, Yanukovych spoke at a congress of the United Russia party.<a href="#cite_note-URussia-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006–2007_elections_and_second_premiership">2006–2007 elections and second premiership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2006–2007 elections and second premiership">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Russian <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> meets <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister</a> Yanukovych during a visit to Kyiv (22 December 2006).</figcaption></figure> In January 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine">Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine</a> started an official investigation of the allegedly false acquittal of the criminal convictions which Yanukovych received in his youth. <a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a>, the head of the ministry, announced that <a href="/wiki/Forensic" class="mw-redirect" title="Forensic">forensic</a> tests proved the forgery of the respective documents (issued in instead of 1978) and initially claimed that lack of the formal acquittal precluded Yanukovych from running for the seat in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2006 parliamentary election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> However, the latter statement was corrected within days by Lutsenko, who conceded that the outcome of the investigation into the legality of the Yanukovych's acquittal could not affect his eligibility to run for the parliament seat since the deprivation of his civil rights due to the past convictions would have expired anyway due to the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">statute of limitations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> Yanukovych's Party of Regions won the 2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election. In 2006, a criminal charge was made for the falsification of documents regarding the retraction of Yanukovych's prior conviction. According to <a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a> two documents had been forged regarding Yanukovych's robbery in association with rape and assault and battery. The signature of the judge for these documents in Yanukovych's retraction was also forged.<a href="#cite_note-Gorina-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-polit.ru-51">[48]</a> On 25 May 2007, Yanukovych was assigned the post of appointed chairman of the Government Chiefs Council of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_campaign_and_election">Presidential campaign and election</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Presidential campaign and election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">2010 Ukrainian presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowd_25dec09_3443.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crowd_25dec09_3443.JPG/220px-Crowd_25dec09_3443.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crowd_25dec09_3443.JPG/330px-Crowd_25dec09_3443.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crowd_25dec09_3443.JPG/440px-Crowd_25dec09_3443.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Supporters of Viktor Yanukovych in <a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnipropetrovsk">Dnipropetrovsk</a>, December 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_Presidential_Jan_2010_Vote_(Yanukovych).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ukraine_Presidential_Jan_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/220px-Ukraine_Presidential_Jan_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ukraine_Presidential_Jan_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/330px-Ukraine_Presidential_Jan_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ukraine_Presidential_Jan_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/440px-Ukraine_Presidential_Jan_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Viktor Yanukovych (first round) – percentage of total national vote (35.33%), 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_Presidential_Feb_2010_Vote_(Yanukovych).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ukraine_Presidential_Feb_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/220px-Ukraine_Presidential_Feb_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ukraine_Presidential_Feb_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/330px-Ukraine_Presidential_Feb_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ukraine_Presidential_Feb_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png/440px-Ukraine_Presidential_Feb_2010_Vote_%28Yanukovych%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Viktor Yanukovych (second round) – percentage of total national vote (48.95%), 2010</figcaption></figure> In 2009, Yanukovych announced his intent to run for president in the then <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">upcoming presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unian.net-68">[65]</a> He was endorsed by the Party of Regions<a href="#cite_note-Yanukovych_president-69">[66]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Youth_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Youth Party of Ukraine">Youth Party of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> Minister of Internal Affairs Yuriy Lutsenko accused Yanukovych of financial fraud during the campaign.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> Yanukovych's campaign was expected to have cost $100 to $150 million.<a href="#cite_note-LOmoney-72">[69]</a> On 11 December 2009, Yanukovych called for his supporters to go to <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Maidan Nezalezhnosti</a>, Kyiv's Independence Square, in case of <a href="/wiki/Election_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Election fraud">election fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> Early vote returns from the first round of the election held on 17 January showed Yanukovych in first place with 35.8% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-wsj.com-74">[71]</a> He faced a 7 February 2010 runoff against Tymoshenko, who finished second (with 24.7% of the vote). After all ballots were counted, the Ukrainian Central Election Commission declared that Yanukovych won the runoff election with 48.95% of the vote compared with 45.47% for Tymoshenko.<a href="#cite_note-2010results-75">[72]</a> Election observers from the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (<a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a>) said there were no indications of serious fraud and described the vote as an "impressive display" of democracy.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> Tymoshenko withdrew her subsequent legal challenge of the result.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tad_Devine" title="Tad Devine">Tad Devine</a>, an associate of <a href="/wiki/Rick_Gates_(political_consultant)" title="Rick Gates (political consultant)">Rick Gates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a>, wrote Yanukovych's victory speech.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(2010–2014)">Presidency (2010–2014)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Presidency (2010–2014)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inauguration">Inauguration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inauguration">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine's parliament">Ukraine's parliament</a> had (on 16 February) fixed 25 February 2010 for the inauguration of Yanukovych as president.<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost.com-80">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian President">Ukrainian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a> signed a decree endorsing a plan of events related to Yanukovych's inauguration on 20 February 2010.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Yushchenko also congratulated and wished Yanukovych "to defend Ukrainian interests and democratic traditions" at the presidential post.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Kirill">Patriarch Kirill</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitans_and_Patriarchs_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow">Moscow and All Rus</a> at Yanukovych's invitation conducted a public prayer service at <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra" title="Kyiv Pechersk Lavra">Kyiv Pechersk Lavra</a> before Yanukovych's presidential inauguration.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> Kirill also attended the inauguration[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] along with <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Security Advisor">United States National Security Advisor</a> <a href="/wiki/James_L._Jones" title="James L. Jones">James Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_State_Duma" title="Chairman of the State Duma">speaker of the Russian parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Gryzlov" title="Boris Gryzlov">Boris Gryzlov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ashton-84">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> Yanukovych's immediate predecessor, Yushchenko, did not attend the ceremony, nor did the Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a>, and her party, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Yulia_Tymoshenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko">Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_days">First days</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: First days">edit</a>]</div> On 3 March 2010, Yanukovych suspended his membership in the Party of Regions as he was barred by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a> from heading a political party while president,<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> and handed over leadership in the party and its parliamentary faction to <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Azarovleader-88">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_03_-_20110203.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_03_-_20110203.jpg/220px-Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_03_-_20110203.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_03_-_20110203.jpg/330px-Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_03_-_20110203.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_03_-_20110203.jpg/440px-Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_03_-_20110203.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Yanukovych with Polish president <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski" title="Bronisław Komorowski">Bronisław Komorowski</a>, 3 February 2011</figcaption></figure> On new alliances Yanukovych said, "Ukraine's integration with the EU remains our strategic aim", with a "balanced policy, which will protect our national interests both on our eastern border – I mean with Russia – and of course with the European Union".<a href="#cite_note-roadmap-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> According to Yanukovych, Ukraine must be a "<a href="/wiki/Neutral_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral state">neutral state</a>" which should be part of a "collective defence system which the European Union, NATO and Russia will take part in." Yanukovych wants Ukraine to "neither join NATO nor the <a href="/wiki/CSTO" class="mw-redirect" title="CSTO">CSTO</a>".<a href="#cite_note-neutral-91">[88]</a> He stated on 7 January 2010 that Ukraine is ready to consider an initiative by <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> on the creation of a new Europe collective security system<a href="#cite_note-neutral-91">[88]</a> stating "And we're ready to back Russia's and France's initiatives".<a href="#cite_note-France-92">[89]</a> Yanukovych stated during the 2010 presidential election-campaign that the current level of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine's cooperation with NATO</a> was sufficient and that the question of the country's accession to the alliance was therefore not urgent.<a href="#cite_note-France-92">[89]</a> "The Ukrainian people don't currently support Ukraine's entry to NATO and this corresponds to the status that we currently have. We don't want to join any military bloc".<a href="#cite_note-France-92">[89]</a> On 27 May 2010 Yanukovych stated he considered Ukraine's relations with NATO as a partnership, "And Ukraine can't live without this [partnership], because Ukraine is a large country".<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> In early November 2011, Yanukovych claimed that "arms are being bought in the country and armed attacks on government agencies are being prepared."<a href="#cite_note-paranoid_president-94">[91]</a> These claims were met with disbelief.<a href="#cite_note-paranoid_president-94">[91]</a> 2012 presidential predictions For 2012 Yanukovych predicted "social standards will continue to grow" and "improvement of administrative services system will continue".<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> Yanukovich announced $2 billion worth of pension and other welfare increases on 7 March 2012.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Constitutional assembly In May 2012, Yanukovych set up the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Assembly_of_Ukraine" title="Constitutional Assembly of Ukraine">Constitutional Assembly of Ukraine</a>, a special auxiliary agency under the President for drawing up bills of amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine; the President then can table them in parliament.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Domestic policy">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:40%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Bureaucracy and <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">corruption</a> are today hiding behind democratic slogans in Ukraine. The Ukrainian nation is wise and it will understand. Because a small handful of people, who have been plundering the country for 20 years is only a handful, from which the whole society, the whole state and our image in the world have been suffering. The interest of the Ukrainian nation is that the practice was put an end to... The country has to change. We need to reverse our approaches 180 degrees, and we will do it. The Ukrainian nation stimulates us to.<a href="#cite_note-misinform-102">[99]</a> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">-- President Yanukovych in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> 4 February 2011, speaking about Ukrainian corruption and cronyism</cite></div> </div> <a href="/wiki/First_Azarov_government" title="First Azarov government">Amid controversy</a> Ukrainian lawmakers formed a new coalition on 11 March 2010 which included <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Lytvyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloc Lytvyn">Bloc Lytvyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a> and Party of Regions that led to the Azarov Government.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> 235 deputies from the 450-member parliament signed the coalition agreement.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidential_powers">Presidential powers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Presidential powers">edit</a>]</div> On 25 June 2010, Yanukovych criticised 2004 amendments in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Constitution">Ukrainian Constitution</a> which weakened presidential powers such as control over naming government ministers, passing those functions to parliament.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> During the 2011 <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, Yanukovych called Ukraine "one of the leaders on democratic development in Eastern Europe".<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_policy">Financial policy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Financial policy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tax_code">Tax code</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tax code">edit</a>]</div> On 30 November 2010, Yanukovych vetoed a new tax code made by the Azarov Government and earlier approved by the Verkhovna Rada but protested against in rallies across Ukraine (one of the largest protests since the 2004 Orange Revolution).<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> Yanukovych signed a new tax code on 3 December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Domestic_spending_vs._debt">Domestic spending vs. debt</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Domestic spending vs. debt">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych's Party of Regions wanted to increase social benefits, and raise salaries and pensions.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> In late 2009, a law that raised the minimum wage and pensions was passed in the Ukrainian Parliament. As a result of this, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> suspended its <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Ukrainian_financial_crisis" title="2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis">2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis</a> emergency lending programme. According to the IMF, the law breached promises to control spending. During the 2010 presidential campaign, Yanukovych had stated he would stand by this law.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> According to Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc member of parliament Oleh Shevchuk, Yanukovych broke this election promise just three days after the 2010 presidential election when only two lawmakers of Yanukovych's Party of Regions supported a bill to raise pensions for low-incomes.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy_policy">Energy policy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Energy policy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Russian_gas">Russian gas</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Russian gas">edit</a>]</div> According to Yanukovych, <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">relations between Ukraine and Russia in the gas sector</a> were to be built "according to the rules of the market".<a href="#cite_note-URussia-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Euronews-114">[111]</a> He saw the gas agreement signed in 2009 after the <a href="/wiki/2009_Russia-Ukraine_gas_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Russia-Ukraine gas dispute">2009 Russia-Ukraine gas dispute</a> as very unprofitable for Ukraine and wanted to "initiate the discussion of the most urgent gas issues" after the 2010 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-neutral-91">[88]</a> Yanukovych had promised before his election as Ukrainian President to "solve the issue" concerning the Russian <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a>, currently stationed in the Ukrainian port <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, "in a way so that the interests of Russia or Ukraine would not be harmed".<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> This led to the April <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_Naval_Base_for_Natural_Gas_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty">2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty</a>. Yanukovych also promised to create a consortium that would allow Russia to jointly operate Ukraine's gas transportation network and he has pledged to help Russia build the <a href="/wiki/South_Stream" title="South Stream">South Stream</a> natural gas pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> As of June 2010, both did not happen.<a href="#cite_note-fairytale-117">[114]</a> Yanukovych rejected accusations that improvement of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian-Russian_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian-Russian relations">Ukrainian-Russian relations</a> harmed <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian-EU_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian-EU relations">relations with the European Union</a>. "Our policy is directed to protection of our national interests. We do not live in a fairy tale and understand that our partners also defend their interests".<a href="#cite_note-fairytale-117">[114]</a> In February 2012, Yanukovych stated, referring to <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">relations with Russia</a>, "It is not wise to fall asleep next to a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Bear" title="Russian Bear">big bear</a>".<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Downgrading_uranium_stock">Downgrading uranium stock</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Downgrading uranium stock">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_14_April_2010-2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_14_April_2010-2.jpeg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_14_April_2010-2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_14_April_2010-2.jpeg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_14_April_2010-2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_14_April_2010-2.jpeg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_14_April_2010-2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Yanukovych, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> and Dmitry Medvedev before the beginning of the Nuclear Security Summit, 2010</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/2010_Nuclear_Security_Summit" title="2010 Nuclear Security Summit">2010 Nuclear Security Summit</a>, Yanukovych announced that Ukraine would give up its 90-kilogram stock of <a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium" title="Enriched uranium">highly enriched uranium</a> and convert its <a href="/wiki/Research_reactor" title="Research reactor">research reactors</a> from highly enriched to low-enriched uranium. It intended to accomplish these goals by 2012.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cultural_policy">Cultural policy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cultural policy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="East/West_Ukraine_unification">East/West Ukraine unification</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: East/West Ukraine unification">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych stated that his "aim and dream" was to unify Ukraine, although in his opinion "there are already no borders between the East and West of the country today".<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> Yanukovych said he wanted to create a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade zone">free trade zone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visa_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa regime">visa regime</a> with the EU as soon as possible.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> He noted the importance of finding ways of reconciliation between <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine in World War II">Ukrainians fighting on opposite sides in World War II</a> in his speech at the ceremony to mark <a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(9_May)" title="Victory Day (9 May)">Victory Day</a> 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Vday2013Ys-122">[119]</a> In this speech he also expressed confidence that <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarianism</a> of the past would never return.<a href="#cite_note-Vday2013Ys-122">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Holodomor">Holodomor</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Holodomor">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kyiv_-_17_May_2010.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kyiv_-_17_May_2010.jpeg/170px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kyiv_-_17_May_2010.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kyiv_-_17_May_2010.jpeg/255px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kyiv_-_17_May_2010.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kyiv_-_17_May_2010.jpeg/340px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kyiv_-_17_May_2010.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Yanukovych and Russian president <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> on 17 May 2010 near Memorial to the Holodomor Victims in Kyiv.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_famine_of_1932%E2%80%9333" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet famine of 1932–33">Soviet famine of 1932–33</a>, called "Holodomor" in Ukrainian, claimed up to 10 million lives, mostly in Ukraine but also in some other parts of the Soviet Union, as peasants' food stocks were forcibly removed by <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a>'s regime via the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> secret police.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> Yanukovych's stance on the <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a> was: "Holodomor took place, was denounced and the international society gave an evaluation of the <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>, but it was never labeled as a <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> of the Ukrainian people. Ukraine's attempts to do so by blaming one of our neighbors are unjust."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] "The Holodomor was in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. It was the result of the policies of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin#Changes_to_Soviet_society,_1927–1939" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin's totalitarian regime</a>."<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> In 2003, he supported then President Kuchma's position that the Holodomor famine was <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> against Ukrainians.<a href="#cite_note-changingpos-126">[123]</a> Yanukovych's press service claims that he does not approve of crimes of the <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> and their predecessors in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_times" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet times">Soviet times</a>, however, in 2002, he wrote a foreword to a book by two ex-KGB agents endorsing the KGB and its predecessors, stating that the NKVD and <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a> "firmly stood on guard over the interests of our people and the state" and praised them for launching "a struggle against political extremism, sabotage and criminal activities." He also wrote that "Donbas Chekists under any conditions have done and do their high duty with honor".<a href="#cite_note-changingpos-126">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Russian_as_an_official_language">Russian as an official language</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Russian as an official language">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine" title="Language policy in Ukraine">Language policy in Ukraine</a></div> Yanukovych stated in the past that he wanted Russian to become the second <a href="/wiki/State_language" class="mw-redirect" title="State language">state language</a> in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> Currently <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> is the only official language of Ukraine. On the other hand, he stated at a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_National_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Taras Shevchenko National Prize">Taras Shevchenko National Prize</a> winners in Kyiv on 9 March 2010 that "Ukraine will continue to promote the Ukrainian language as its only state language".<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> In a newspaper interview during the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election campaign, he stated that the status of Russian in Ukraine "is too politicized" and said that if elected president in 2010 he would "have a real opportunity to adopt a law on languages, which implements the requirements of the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_of_regional_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="European Charter of regional languages">European Charter of regional languages</a>". He said that this law would need 226 votes in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian parliament">Ukrainian parliament</a> (half of the votes instead of two-thirds of the votes needed to change the constitution of Ukraine) and that voters told him that the current status of <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian in Ukraine</a> created "problems in the hospital, school, university, in the courts, in the office".<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Effective in August 2012, <a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine#2012_Law_on_the_Principles_of_the_State_Language_Policy" title="Language policy in Ukraine">a new law on regional languages</a> entitles any local language spoken by at least a 10% minority be declared official within that area.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> On 23 February 2014, following the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>, a bill was passed by the parliament which would have abolished the law on regional languages, making Ukrainian the sole state language at all levels.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> This bill was blocked by acting president <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Turchynov</a>, until a replacement bill is ready.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> The 2012 law was ruled unconstitutional and was struck down by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Ukraine" title="Constitutional Court of Ukraine">Constitutional Court of Ukraine</a> in 2018, 4 years after the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Religion">Religion</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> In a late July 2013 speech Yanukovych stated: "All <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ukraine#Main_religious_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Ukraine">churches and religious organizations</a> are equal for the state. We respect the choice of our citizens and guarantee everyone's Constitutional right to <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ukraine#Situation" title="Human rights in Ukraine">freedom of religion</a>. We will not allow the use of churches and religious organizations by some political forces for their narrow interests. This also refers to foreign centres through which religious organizations sometimes seek to affect the internal political situation in Ukraine. This is a matter of the state's national security".<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_policy">Social policy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Social policy">edit</a>]</div> Social benefit cuts for <a href="/wiki/Liquidator_(Chernobyl)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquidator (Chernobyl)">Chernobyl rescue workers</a>, small business owners and veterans of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> caused fierce protests in Kyiv in October/November 2011 by several thousand protesters.<a href="#cite_note-paranoid_president-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Foreign policy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Clinton_Is_Greeted_By_Ukrainian_President_Yanukovych.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Secretary_Clinton_Is_Greeted_By_Ukrainian_President_Yanukovych.jpg/220px-Secretary_Clinton_Is_Greeted_By_Ukrainian_President_Yanukovych.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Secretary_Clinton_Is_Greeted_By_Ukrainian_President_Yanukovych.jpg/330px-Secretary_Clinton_Is_Greeted_By_Ukrainian_President_Yanukovych.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Secretary_Clinton_Is_Greeted_By_Ukrainian_President_Yanukovych.jpg/440px-Secretary_Clinton_Is_Greeted_By_Ukrainian_President_Yanukovych.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> is greeted by Yanukovych in Kyiv, Ukraine, 2 July 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_talks_with_President_Viktor_Yanukovych_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/President_Barack_Obama_talks_with_President_Viktor_Yanukovych_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_talks_with_President_Viktor_Yanukovych_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/President_Barack_Obama_talks_with_President_Viktor_Yanukovych_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_talks_with_President_Viktor_Yanukovych_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/President_Barack_Obama_talks_with_President_Viktor_Yanukovych_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_talks_with_President_Viktor_Yanukovych_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2447" data-file-height="1497" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> talks with President Viktor Yanukovych during a pull aside at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Nuclear_Security_Summit" title="2012 Nuclear Security Summit">2012 Nuclear Security Summit</a> at the Coex Center in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rousseff_and_Yanukovych_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rousseff_and_Yanukovych_2011.jpg/220px-Rousseff_and_Yanukovych_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rousseff_and_Yanukovych_2011.jpg/330px-Rousseff_and_Yanukovych_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rousseff_and_Yanukovych_2011.jpg/440px-Rousseff_and_Yanukovych_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian president <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> greets Yanukovych upon his arrival to the <a href="/wiki/Planalto_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Planalto Palace">Planalto Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, Brazil, 25 October 2011.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Viktor_Yanukovych" title="List of international presidential trips made by Viktor Yanukovych">List of international presidential trips made by Viktor Yanukovych</a></div> Yanukovych's first foreign visit was to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> to visit the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President of the European Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a>, and the EU Foreign Affairs chief, Catherine Ashton.<a href="#cite_note-Ashton-84">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> During the visit Yanukovych stated that there would be no change to Ukraine's status as a member of the <a href="/wiki/NATO_outreach_program" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO outreach program">NATO outreach program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> During his second foreign visit to Moscow in March, Yanukovych vowed to end years of acrimony with Russia, saying that ties between Russia and Ukraine "should never be the way they were for the past five years". He indicated that he was open to compromise with Russia on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet#Recent_history" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet's future</a> (this led to the April 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty), and reiterated that Ukraine would remain a "European, non-aligned state", referring to NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian President">Russian President</a> Medvedev (April 2010[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]) and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Prime Minister">Russian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (June 2010<a href="#cite_note-HappyP-139">[136]</a>) soon stated they noticed a big improvement in relations with Ukraine since Yanukovych's presidency. On 3 June 2010, the Ukrainian parliament excluded, in a bill written by Yanukovych, with 226 votes,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Ukrainian membership of any military bloc, but allowed for co-operation with military alliances such as NATO.<a href="#cite_note-radanonato-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> A day later Yanukovych stated that the recognition of the independence of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, South Ossetia and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> violates international law, "I have never recognized Abkhazia, South Ossetia or Kosovo's independence. This is a violation of international law".<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> On 22 November 2010, the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> and Ukraine announced "an action plan for Ukraine toward the establishment of a visa-free regime for short-stay travel".<a href="#cite_note-roadmap-89">[86]</a> In May 2011, Yanukovych stated that he would strive for Ukraine to join the EU.<a href="#cite_note-ineu2011-143">[140]</a> Yanukovych's stance towards integration with the EU, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, led him to be "seen in Moscow as a traitor", a reversal of the 2004 presidential election where Moscow openly supported Yanukovych.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimean_naval_base">Crimean naval base</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Crimean naval base">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kharkov_-_21_April_2010-9.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kharkov_-_21_April_2010-9.jpeg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kharkov_-_21_April_2010-9.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kharkov_-_21_April_2010-9.jpeg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kharkov_-_21_April_2010-9.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kharkov_-_21_April_2010-9.jpeg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Kharkov_-_21_April_2010-9.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Signing documents with President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, 2010</figcaption></figure> On 21 April 2010, in <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>, Yanukovych and Medvedev signed the 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty, whereby the Russian lease on naval facilities in Crimea would be extended beyond 2017 by 25 years with an additional 5-year renewal option (to 2042–47) in exchange for a multi-year discounted contract to provide Ukraine with Russian natural gas. This treaty was approved by both the <a href="/wiki/Russian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian parliament">Russian</a> and Ukrainian parliaments (Verkhovna Rada) on 27 April 2010.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> On 22 April 2010, Yanukovych stated he did not rule out the possibility of holding a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> on the stationing of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Black_Sea_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Black Sea Fleet">Russian Black Sea Fleet</a> in Ukraine after the necessary legislative framework is adopted for this in future. Yanukovych did plan to hold plebiscites also on other subjects.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> Opposition members accused Yanukovych of "selling out national interests".<a href="#cite_note-defending-148">[145]</a> According to Yanukovych the main priority of his foreign policy was to integrate Ukraine "into the European mainstream", while improving relations with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-defending-148">[145]</a> According to Yanukovych the only way to lower the state budget deficit, as requested by the International Monetary Fund, while protecting pensioners and minimal wages was to extend the Russian Navy lease in Crimea in exchange for cheaper natural gas.<a href="#cite_note-defending-148">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_parliamentary_elections">2012 parliamentary elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2012 parliamentary elections">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png/220px-Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png/330px-Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png/440px-Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>The results of the 2012 parliamentary election. Yanukovych's <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> is in blue.</figcaption></figure> In 2012, during the <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">Ukrainian parliamentary elections</a> of that year, Yanukovych's party of Regions won the poll with 30% against 25.5% for imprisoned Yulia Tymoshenko's <a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Fatherland</a> party.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_of_his_presidency">Criticism of his presidency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Criticism of his presidency">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alleged_attempt_to_remove_opposition">Alleged attempt to remove opposition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Alleged attempt to remove opposition">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych and the Party of Regions were accused of trying to create a "controlled democracy" in Ukraine and as a means to this were trying to "destroy" main opposition party <a href="/wiki/BYuT" class="mw-redirect" title="BYuT">BYuT</a>, but both denied these charges.<a href="#cite_note-Umland-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-151">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> One frequently cited example of Yanukovych's attempts to centralize power is <a href="/wiki/Tymoshenko_v._Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tymoshenko v. Ukraine">the 2011 sentencing of Yulia Tymoshenko</a>, which was condemned by Western governments as potentially being politically motivated.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Other <a href="/wiki/Second_Tymoshenko_Government#Criminal_cases_against_former_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Tymoshenko Government">high-profile political opponents under criminal investigation include</a> Kuchma,<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> Bogdan Danilishin, Igor Didenko,<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Anatoliy Makarenko,<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Ivaschenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeriy Ivaschenko">Valeriy Ivaschenko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> According to Yanukovych (on 4 February 2011), "[M]any lies [have been] told and attempts made to misinform the international community and ordinary people in Ukraine about the true state of affairs in the country." He also stated, "[A] crushing blow delivered under [my] rule to corruption and bureaucracy has been met with resistance".<a href="#cite_note-misinform-102">[99]</a> He stated in February 2012 that the trial of Tymoshenko and other former officials "didn't meet European standards and principles".<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Press_censorship_allegation">Press censorship allegation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Press censorship allegation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of the press in Ukraine">Freedom of the press in Ukraine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg/310px-RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg/465px-RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg/620px-RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>2014 <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a><a href="#cite_note-RWBPFIndex-168">[165]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394559">.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key>ol{margin-left:1.3em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key>ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media(min-width:300px){.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key,.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-wide{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-narrow{column-count:1}}@media(min-width:450px){.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-wide{column-count:3}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist image-key"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Very serious situation</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Difficult situation</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Noticeable problems</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Satisfactory situation</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Good situation</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Not classified / No data</div></li></ul></div> Ukraine moved from "noticeable problems" 89th place in 2009, to "difficult situation" 126th place in 2013</figcaption></figure> As president, Yanukovych stated in early February 2010 that he would support the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of the press in Ukraine">freedom of speech of journalists</a> and protect their interests.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> During spring 2010 Ukrainian journalists and <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> complained of censorship by Yanukovych's <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Administration of Ukraine">Presidential Administration</a>; despite statements by Yanukovych how deeply he valued press freedom and that 'free, independent media that must ensure society's unimpeded access to information.'<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> Anonymous journalists stated early May 2010 that they were voluntarily tailoring their coverage so as not to offend the Yanukovych administration and the Azarov Government.<a href="#cite_note-press-freedom-11">[9]</a> The Azarov Government,<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_Ukraine" title="Office of the President of Ukraine">Presidential Administration</a> and Yanukovych himself denied being involved with censorship.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> In a press conference 12 May 2010 President Yanukovych's representative in the Parliament Yury Miroshnychenko stated that Yanukovych was against political repression for criticism of the regime.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reports_of_corruption_and_cronyism">Reports of corruption and cronyism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Reports of corruption and cronyism">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych has been criticized for "massive" corruption and cronyism.<a href="#cite_note-SL-OD-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-AslundBBC-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kyiv_Post_online-177">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin_Bidder-178">[175]</a> By January 2013, more than half of the ministers appointed by Yanukovych were either born in the <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> region or made some crucial part of their careers there, and Yanukovych has been accused of "regional cronyism" for his staffing of police, judiciary, and tax services "all over Ukraine" with "Donbas people".<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> Over 46% of the budget subventions for social and economic development was allotted to the Donbas region's Donetsk Oblast and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast" title="Luhansk Oblast">Luhansk Oblast</a> administrations – ₴0.62 billion ($76.2 million) versus ₴0.71 billion ($87.5 million) for the rest of the country.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anders_%C3%85slund" title="Anders Åslund">Anders Åslund</a>, a Swedish economist and Ukraine analyst, described the consolidation of Ukrainian economic power in the hands of a few "elite industrial tycoons", including Yanukovych's son <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yanukovych" title="Oleksandr Yanukovych">Oleksandr</a>. The exact distribution of wealth and precise weight of influence are difficult to gauge, but most of the country's richest men were afraid to cross the Yanukovich family, even in cases where their own economic interests favored an economically pro-EU Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-AslundBBC-175">[172]</a> The Yanukovych family, a group of young businessmen described as "robber capitalists", have been buying up both public and private businesses at "rock bottom" prices available in the stagnating economic conditions brought on by Yanukovych's economic policies."<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> According to Åslund, one notable exception to the Yanukovych family's influence was <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a>, who is described as "uncommonly courageous", although his confectionery empire is less susceptible to ruin by the substantial power the Yanukovych family wielded in the heavy industry sectors located in Yanukovych's geographic power base of Donetsk.<a href="#cite_note-AslundBBC-175">[172]</a> Yanukovych had an estimated net worth of $12 billion,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and has been accused by Ukrainian officials of misappropriating funds from Ukraine's treasury. <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a> has claimed that treasury funds of up to $70 billion were transferred to foreign accounts during Yanukovych's presidency. <a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> Authorities in Switzerland, Austria and Liechtenstein froze the assets of Yanukovych and his son Oleksander on 28 February 2014 pending a <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> investigation. Yanukovych has denied that he <a href="/wiki/Embezzled" class="mw-redirect" title="Embezzled">embezzled</a> funds and has said that his alleged foreign accounts do not exist. During the presidency of Yanukovych, at least 7,000 Ukrainian companies were attacked by the oligarchic clan of Yanukovych (the so-called "Yanukovych Families"). This number includes both cases of the so-called Family entering the corporate rights of the firms they like by illegal methods, and "assaults" in order to obtain "tribute" – that is, commercial gain. This is evidenced by the data of the Anti-Raider Union of Entrepreneurs of Ukraine. The victims of Yanukovych's raider methods were offered to pay a regular "tribute" in the amount of 30–50% of the company's profits – or to cede ownership of it.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_excesses">Personal excesses</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Personal excesses">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych abandoned his estate <a href="/wiki/Mezhyhirya_(residence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezhyhirya (residence)">Mezhyhirya</a> when he fled the capital.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> The estate is located in a former forest preserve on the outskirts of Kyiv. He had acquired the property in 2007, according to critics, through a convoluted series of companies and transactions. Yanukovych did not reveal the price he paid, although he called it a "very serious price".<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> Mezhyhirya is estimated to have been sold for more than 75 million U.S. dollars. In a feature with photos on Yanukovych's Mezhyhirya mansion, Sergii Leshchenko notes "For most of [Yanukovych's] career he was a public servant or parliament deputy, where his salary never exceeded 2000 US dollars per month." Under a photo showing the new home's ornate ceiling, Leschenko remarks, "In a country where 35% of the population live under poverty line, spending 100,000 dollars on each individual chandelier seems excessive, to say the least." Crowned with a pure copper roof, the mansion was the largest wooden structure ever created by Finnish log home builder <a href="/wiki/Honkarakenne" title="Honkarakenne">Honka</a>, whose representative suggested to Yanukovych that it be nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness Book of Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SL-OD-12">[10]</a> The property contained a private zoo, underground shooting range, 18-hole golf course, tennis, and bowling. After describing the mansion's complicated ownership scheme, the article author noted, "The story of Viktor Yanukovych and his residence highlights a paradox. Having completely rejected such European values as human rights and democracy, the Ukrainian president uses Europe as a place to hide his dirty money with impunity."<a href="#cite_note-SL-OD-12">[10]</a> Documents recovered from Yanukovych's compound show among other expenses $800 medical treatment for fish, $14,500 spent on tablecloths, and a nearly 42 million dollar order for light fixtures. Also recovered were files on Yanukovych's perceived enemies, especially media members, including beating victim <a href="/wiki/Tetyana_Chornovol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetyana Chornovol">Tetyana Chornovol</a>. The cost of monitoring the mass media was reportedly $5.7 million just for the month of December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> When the former president departed, 35 cars and seven motorbikes were left behind. Kyiv's District Court seized 27 vintage cars in 2016 from the fleet stationed at Mezhyhirya, some worth more than $US 1 million. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viktor_Yanukovych_(01910428)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Viktor_Yanukovych_%2801910428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Viktor_Yanukovych_%2801910428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Viktor_Yanukovych_%2801910428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Viktor_Yanukovych_%2801910428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Viktor_Yanukovych_%2801910428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Viktor_Yanukovych_%2801910428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Yanukovych told <a href="/wiki/BBC_Newsnight" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Newsnight">BBC Newsnight</a> (in June 2015) that stories that Mezhyhirya cost the Ukrainian taxpayer millions of dollars were "political technology and <a href="/wiki/Spin_(public_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (public relations)">spin</a>" and that the estate did not belong to him personally; he claimed that the ostriches in the residence's petting zoo "just happened to be there"<a href="#cite_note-vybbcij15-187">[184]</a> and remarked "I supported the ostriches, what's wrong with that?". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vote_rigging_allegations">Vote rigging allegations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Vote rigging allegations">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a> confirmed witness accounts of voters being blocked from access to polls and being attacked along with local election officials who tried to frustrate the Berkut's practice of falsifying voters' ballots in favor of Yanukovych's Party of Regions candidates. Individual cases have been reported of citizens grouping together and fighting back against the Berkut in order to preserve election integrity and results.<a href="#cite_note-BRP18Feb-188">[185]</a> Upon coming to power Yanukovych had reversed oversight measures established during the Yushchenko administration to restrain the Berkut's abuse of citizens whereupon the special force "upped its brutality."<a href="#cite_note-Business_Insider-189">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Euromaidan_protests">Euromaidan protests</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Euromaidan protests">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/220px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/330px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/440px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Mass protests in Kyiv, December 2013</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-riot_police_forces_consisting_of_Internal_Troops_holding_protective_position_and_Berkut_special_policemen_shooting._Kyiv,_Ukraine._Jan_22,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Anti-riot_police_forces_consisting_of_Internal_Troops_holding_protective_position_and_Berkut_special_policemen_shooting._Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Jan_22%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Anti-riot_police_forces_consisting_of_Internal_Troops_holding_protective_position_and_Berkut_special_policemen_shooting._Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Jan_22%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Anti-riot_police_forces_consisting_of_Internal_Troops_holding_protective_position_and_Berkut_special_policemen_shooting._Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Jan_22%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Anti-riot_police_forces_consisting_of_Internal_Troops_holding_protective_position_and_Berkut_special_policemen_shooting._Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Jan_22%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Anti-riot_police_forces_consisting_of_Internal_Troops_holding_protective_position_and_Berkut_special_policemen_shooting._Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Jan_22%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Anti-riot_police_forces_consisting_of_Internal_Troops_holding_protective_position_and_Berkut_special_policemen_shooting._Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Jan_22%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Anti-riot police forces consisting of Internal Troops holding protective position and <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a> special policemen shooting in Kyiv riots, January 2014</figcaption></figure> Since 2012, Ukraine and the EU had been negotiating a <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">free trade and association agreement</a>. In 2013, the Ukrainian Parliament overwhelmingly approved finalizing the agreement with the EU,<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> and Yanukovych urged parliament to adopt laws so that Ukraine would meet the EU's criteria and be able to sign the agreement in November 2013.<a href="#cite_note-EUU3913-191">[188]</a> Russia, however, put pressure on Ukraine to reject the EU Association Agreement.<a href="#cite_note-Dinan-13">[11]</a> In August 2013, Russia began restricting Ukrainian imports, which Ukraine's opposition parties described as "a <a href="/wiki/Trade_war" title="Trade war">trade war</a>" to pressure the country not to sign the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-Dinan-13">[11]</a> The agreement was to be finalized at a summit in the <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> capital <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>. On 21 November, a week before the summit, Yanukovych suddenly announced he was pulling out of the agreement, and instead strengthening economic ties with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jovita_Neliup%C5%A1ien%C4%97" title="Jovita Neliupšienė">Jovita Neliupšienė</a>, foreign policy aide to Lithuania's president <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a>, said Yanukovych had called her to say he had changed his mind due to what she called Russian "economic pressure and blackmail". The Lithuanian president's office said Russia had threatened Ukraine with huge trade losses and job losses if it signed the EU agreement.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> Russia also offered more favorable trade terms than those offered by the EU and IMF.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> This sparked protests at Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti) in the center of Kyiv, which became known as 'Euromaidan'. The protesters, united under the <a href="/wiki/Maidan_People%27s_Union" title="Maidan People's Union">Maidan People's Union</a>, demanded Yanukovych fulfill his pledge to sign the Agreement or else resign. They also called for a return to the 2004 Constitution of Ukraine to give more power to parliament over the president. The scope of the protests soon widened. Protesters opposed what they saw as widespread <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine#Political_corruption" title="Corruption in Ukraine">government corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ukraine" title="Human rights in Ukraine">human rights violations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-RFEKT25114-195">[192]</a> and the influence of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_oligarchs" title="Ukrainian oligarchs">oligarchs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Euromaidan_Analyses-196">[193]</a> During the 'Maidan uprising', Independence Square was a huge <a href="/wiki/Protest_camp" title="Protest camp">protest camp</a> occupied by thousands of protesters and protected by makeshift barricades. It had kitchens, first aid posts and broadcasting facilities, as well as stages for speeches, lectures, debates and performances.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> Police assaulted the camp several times, causing further anger. Yanukovych has been accused, by Amnesty International<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> among others, of using the <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkut (Ukraine)">Berkut</a> to threaten, attack, and torture protesters. The Berkut, later disbanded on 25 February 2014, were a special police force under his personal command and were accused of defending Russian interests.<a href="#cite_note-BRP18Feb-188">[185]</a> Violence escalated after 16 January 2014, when Yanukovych signed draconian <a href="/wiki/Anti-protest_laws_in_Ukraine" title="Anti-protest laws in Ukraine">Anti-Protest Laws</a>. The first protesters were killed in fierce <a href="/wiki/2014_Hrushevsky_Street_protests" title="2014 Hrushevsky Street protests">clashes with police on Hrushevsky Street</a> on 19–22 January. In response, demonstrators <a href="/wiki/2014_Euromaidan_regional_state_administration_occupations" title="2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations">occupied provincial government buildings</a> in many regions of Ukraine. On 28 January, parliament repealed nine of the 12 restrictive laws. That day, Mykola Azarov, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Ukraine">prime minister of Ukraine</a>, resigned "for the sake of a peaceful resolution" to the civil unrest.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> The deadliest clashes were on 18–20 February, which saw the most severe violence in Ukraine since it regained independence.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> Thousands of protesters advanced from the Maidan in Kyiv towards parliament, led by activists with shields and helmets. They were fired on by police snipers. <a href="/wiki/Maidan_casualties" title="Maidan casualties">Almost 100 protesters were killed</a>, as were 13 police officers.<a href="#cite_note-OHCHR-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bodie,2017-206">[203]</a> In June 2015 interview with BBC Newsnight Yanukovych stated that he never ordered the security forces to open fire, but he also said he had not done enough to prevent bloodshed.<a href="#cite_note-vybbcij15-187">[184]</a> He said "the members of the security forces fulfilled their duties according to existing laws. They had the right to use weapons."<a href="#cite_note-vybbcij15-187">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Removal_from_presidency">Removal from presidency</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Removal from presidency">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yanukovych_Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yanukovych_Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine_2.jpg/220px-Yanukovych_Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yanukovych_Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine_2.jpg/330px-Yanukovych_Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yanukovych_Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine_2.jpg/440px-Yanukovych_Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Yanukovych signing the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine</a> with representatives of the opposition, 21 February 2014.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></div> On Friday 21 February 2014, Yanukovych and the leaders of the parliamentary opposition <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">signed an agreement</a> to bring about an interim unity government including the opposition, reinstatement of the constitution of 2004 and early elections before December at the latest.<a href="#cite_note-yanuclaims-207">[204]</a> That day, the Ukrainian parliament voted 386–0 to reinstate the 2004 Constitution of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> During the afternoon, police abandoned central Kyiv, allowing protesters to take control. Yanukovych secretly fled the city that evening without signing the measure that would reinstate the 2004 constitution he agreed to ratify in the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">EU-brokered agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> On Saturday 22 February, Yanukovych could not be found, and parliament was not informed of his whereabouts.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> Parliament held an emergency session. The <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Verkhovna_Rada" title="Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada">Chairman</a> of parliament, <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Rybak_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Rybak (politician)">Volodymyr Rybak</a>, resigned that morning.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> Parliament then elected Oleksandr Turchynov as chairman.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> Under the 2004 Constitution, which since the day before was again in force, the President's powers would transfer to the chairman in case the President should resign or be unable to fulfill his duties.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> The later constitution had stated the President's powers would transfer to the Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> The acting prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a>, was also missing.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samooborona_(Self_Defence)_guard_and_activists_at_the_entrance_to_Verkhovna_Rada._Euromaidan,_Kyiv,_Ukraine._Events_of_February_22,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Samooborona_%28Self_Defence%29_guard_and_activists_at_the_entrance_to_Verkhovna_Rada._Euromaidan%2C_Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Events_of_February_22%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Samooborona_%28Self_Defence%29_guard_and_activists_at_the_entrance_to_Verkhovna_Rada._Euromaidan%2C_Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Events_of_February_22%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Samooborona_%28Self_Defence%29_guard_and_activists_at_the_entrance_to_Verkhovna_Rada._Euromaidan%2C_Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Events_of_February_22%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Samooborona_%28Self_Defence%29_guard_and_activists_at_the_entrance_to_Verkhovna_Rada._Euromaidan%2C_Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Events_of_February_22%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Samooborona_%28Self_Defence%29_guard_and_activists_at_the_entrance_to_Verkhovna_Rada._Euromaidan%2C_Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Events_of_February_22%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Samooborona_%28Self_Defence%29_guard_and_activists_at_the_entrance_to_Verkhovna_Rada._Euromaidan%2C_Kyiv%2C_Ukraine._Events_of_February_22%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2003" /></a><figcaption>Pro-revolution activists outside parliament on 22 February 2014.</figcaption></figure> In the afternoon, the Rada voted 328–0 (about 73% of its 447 members) to remove Yanukovych from his post and to schedule an early presidential election for 25 May.<a href="#cite_note-interfax_22_feb-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">resolution</a> stated that Yanukovych had withdrawn from fulfilling his constitutional duties, "which threatens the governance of the state, the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine", and cited "circumstances of extreme urgency".<a href="#cite_note-interfax_22_feb-211">[208]</a> The resolution to remove Yanukovych was supported by all opposition parties: 86 <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Deputy_of_Ukraine" title="People's Deputy of Ukraine">deputies</a> of Batkivshchyna (Fatherland Party), 41 deputies of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform</a> (UDAR), 36 deputies of <a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a> (Freedom Party), 30 deputies of the Communist Party, as well as 99 independents. Furthermore, 36 deputies of Yanukovych's Party of Regions voted for his removal. There were no votes against. Of the remaining deputies, 115 were absent and 6 did not vote.<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> Under the 2004 constitution, parliament chairman Turchynov became acting president.<a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_132-208">[205]</a> The vote came an hour after Yanukovych said in a televised address that he would not resign. He subsequently declared himself to still be "the legitimate head of the Ukrainian state elected in a free vote by Ukrainian citizens",<a href="#cite_note-KyivPost-25">[23]</a> and maintained that his removal was a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ИТАР-ТАСС_1012009-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-TR0311-216">[213]</a> Political scientist Maria Popova says that "the solution that took place within the Rada was more legitimate than any strictly legal solution that could have come from the Constitutional Court".<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> Parliament did not vote to <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_Ukraine" title="Impeachment in Ukraine">impeach the President</a>, which would have involved formally charging Yanukovych with a crime, a review of the charge by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, and a three-fourths majority vote in parliament—at least 338 votes in favor.<a href="#cite_note-RadioFreeEurope-218">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost1-219">[216]</a> The Ukrainian Constitution at this time (like many other constitutions) did not provide any stipulation about how to remove a president who is neither dead nor incapacitated, but is nonetheless absent or not fulfilling his duties. The lack of such provisions was a <a href="/wiki/Non_liquet" title="Non liquet">lacuna</a>. Viktor Yanukovych fled from Ukraine to Russia. The title of the resolution was «Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. On self-removal of the President of Ukraine from the exercise of constitutional powers and appointment of extraordinary elections of the President of Ukraine».<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> On the same day that parliament removed Yanukovych from office, it voted to authorize the release of his rival Yulia Tymoshenko from a prison hospital.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> She had been imprisoned since 2011, in what many saw as political payback by Yanukovych. Her release had been an unmet condition for Ukraine's signing of a European Union trade pact.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> Two days later, Ukraine's parliament dismissed five judges of the Constitutional Court for allegedly violating their oaths, who were then investigated for alleged malpractice.<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disavowal_by_party">Disavowal by party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Disavowal by party">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych was soon disowned by the Party of Regions. In a statement issued by Oleksandr Yefremov, parliamentary faction leader, the party and its members "strongly condemn[ed] the criminal orders that led to human victims, an empty state treasury, huge debts, shame before the eyes of the Ukrainian people and the entire world."<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost1-227">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fleeing_to_Russia">Fleeing to Russia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Fleeing to Russia">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych left Kyiv during the night of 21–22 February 2014 and initially moved to Kharkiv. According to then governor of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Dobkin" title="Mykhailo Dobkin">Mykhailo Dobkin</a>, Yanukovych had intended to make his stay in Kharkiv look like "just another presidential inspection tour" and according to Dobkin, "was desperate to make it look like he wasn't running away".<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Leader_Was_Defeated_Even_Before_He_Was_Ousted-230">[227]</a> Yanukovych asked Dobkin to "pick out a few factories for me to visit"; the director of state-owned industrial giant <a href="/wiki/Turboatom" title="Turboatom">Turboatom</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> declined even to take his call (according to Dobkin).<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Leader_Was_Defeated_Even_Before_He_Was_Ousted-230">[227]</a> Dobkin met Yanukovych at <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_International_Airport" title="Kharkiv International Airport">Kharkiv International Airport</a> after midnight.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Leader_Was_Defeated_Even_Before_He_Was_Ousted-230">[227]</a> According to Dobkin at that time Yanukovych "thought this was a temporary difficulty" since he believed that the 21 February agreement could still provide for a graceful departure from office later in the year.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Leader_Was_Defeated_Even_Before_He_Was_Ousted-230">[227]</a> Dobkin's impression of Yanukovych (during this meeting) was "a guy on another planet".<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Leader_Was_Defeated_Even_Before_He_Was_Ousted-230">[227]</a> In a press conference several days after leaving Kyiv, Yanukovych claimed that at the time he did not "flee anywhere", but that his car was shot at "by <a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">automatic rifles</a>" as he left Kyiv for Kharkiv "to meet the representatives of local parties" and he was then forced to move around Ukraine amid fears for the safety of himself and his family.<a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a> He said "When we arrived in Kharkiv, on the early morning of 22 February, the security service started to receive information that radical groups were arriving in Kharkiv."<a href="#cite_note-CrimeaRussiaOccupation-233">[230]</a> According to the Ukrainian State Border Service, Yanukovych tried to flee Ukraine via a charter flight from Donetsk, but was stopped by border guards.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> Putin and Yanukovych later stated that Russian forces helped Yanukovych fly to Russia via Crimea on 24 February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[d]</a> Following his flight from Kyiv, protesters gained entry to Yanukovych's <a href="/wiki/Mezhyhirya_Residence" title="Mezhyhirya Residence">Mezhyhirya Residence</a>, as police and security had abandoned their posts. Ukrainians were amazed at the opulence and extravagance of what they found at Mezhyhirya, including a private zoo, a fleet of cars, and a large boat.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> On 26 February 2014, Russian media company <a href="/wiki/RBC_Information_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC Information Systems">RBC</a> reported<a href="#cite_note-rbc_barvikha-240">[236]</a> Yanukovych's presence in Moscow. According to RBC sources, Yanukovych arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Radisson_Royal_Hotel,_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Radisson Royal Hotel, Moscow">Radisson Royal Hotel, Moscow</a> (often referred by its former name as "Hotel Ukraine") on the night of 25 February 2014. Then he moved to the <a href="/wiki/Barvikha" title="Barvikha">Barvikha Sanatorium</a>, the health resort of the president of Russia in <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow Oblast</a>. RosBusinessConsulting also reported sightings of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pshonka" title="Viktor Pshonka">Viktor Pshonka</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General_of_Ukraine" title="Prosecutor General of Ukraine">Prosecutor General of Ukraine</a> in the hall of Radisson Royal Hotel.<a href="#cite_note-rbc_barvikha-240">[236]</a> The Press Secretary of the department that manages Barvikha Sanatorium denied the report, stating that he had no information of Yanukovych settled in Barvikha Sanatorium.<a href="#cite_note-rbc_barvikha-240">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> According to an April 2014 poll conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Centre" title="Razumkov Centre">Razumkov Centre</a>, only 4.9% of respondents would have liked to see Yanukovych return to the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-notwanted-242">[238]</a> The EU association agreement was signed on 29 May 2014, after his removal.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile">Exile</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Exile">edit</a>]</div> According to Russian politician <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Mitvol" title="Oleg Mitvol">Oleg Mitvol</a>, Yanukovych bought a house in Barvikha for $52 million on 26 February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> On 27 February, a report stated that Yanukovych had asked the authorities of the Russian Federation to guarantee his personal security in the territory of Russia, a request that they accepted.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> Yanukovych claimed that the decisions of the Ukrainian parliament adopted "in the atmosphere of extremist threats" are unlawful and he remains the "legal president of Ukraine". He accused the opposition of violation of the 21 February agreements and asked the armed forces of Ukraine not to intervene in the crisis. The exact whereabouts of Yanukovych when he made this statement was unclear.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> In a June 2015 interview with <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Newsnight" title="Newsnight">Newsnight</a> he thanked Russian President Vladimir Putin for "saving his life".<a href="#cite_note-vybbcij15-187">[184]</a> In an April 2014 poll by <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> those polled in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine" title="Southern Ukraine">southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern Ukraine</a> were generally split on the legitimacy of the then <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">Yatsenyuk government</a> and parliament, but a majority in all regions agreed that Yanukovych was not the legal president of the country.<a href="#cite_note-upkiis2014AYnP-248">[244]</a> On 3 October 2014, several news agencies reported that according to a Facebook post made by the aide to the Ukrainian Interior Minister, Anton Gerashchenko, Viktor Yanukovych had been granted Russian citizenship by a "secret decree" of Putin.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> On the same day, Russian presidential spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> said that he didn't know anything about this.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> On 26 November 2015, Yanukovych received a temporary asylum certificate in Russia for one year; later extended until November 2017.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> In October 2017, this was extended for another year.<a href="#cite_note-glavcom445107-252">[248]</a> According to his lawyer Yanukovych did not consider acquiring Russian citizenship or a permanent residence permits but "Only a temporary shelter for returning to the territory of Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-glavcom445107-252">[248]</a> In 2017, Russian media suggested that Yanukovych is apparently living in Bakovka near Moscow, in a residence owned by <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs">Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Position_of_Yanukovych_on_his_removal">Position of Yanukovych on his removal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Position of Yanukovych on his removal">edit</a>]</div> In a press conference in <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> on 28 February 2014, Yanukovych stated that all his possessions had been legally declared and accounted for.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> The same day Swiss and Austrian authorities blocked Yanukovych's and his associates' assets, and launched a corruption investigation.<a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a> Yanukovych said that an "armed coup" had taken place in Ukraine, and that he was still the legitimate president because there had been no impeachment, resignation, or death.<a href="#cite_note-ИТАР-ТАСС_1012009-215">[212]</a> On 11 March he claimed he should return to Ukraine as soon as this was possible.<a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> Yanukovych stated he had been able to escape to Russia "thanks to patriotic officers who did their duty and helped me stay alive".<a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> In the press conference he stated that he was still President of Ukraine and "I can't find words to characterise this new authority. These are people who advocate violence – the Ukrainian parliament is illegitimate".<a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-CrimeaRussiaOccupation-233">[230]</a> He described the new Ukrainian authorities as "pro-<a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> thugs" and that they "represent the absolute minority of the <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of Ukraine">population of Ukraine</a>".<a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-CrimeaRussiaOccupation-233">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-YpcNBC-261">[256]</a> He apologised to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian people</a> for not having "enough strength to keep stability" and for allowing "lawlessness in this country".<a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a> He vowed to return to Ukraine "as soon as there are guarantees for my security and that of my family".<a href="#cite_note-BBC28214RDYPC-232">[229]</a> He insisted he had not instructed Ukrainian forces to shoot at Euromaidan protesters.<a href="#cite_note-CrimeaRussiaOccupation-233">[230]</a> He did not take part in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014 Ukrainian presidential election</a> since he "believe[d] they are unlawful...".<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> He said he was surprised ("knowing the character of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin"<a href="#cite_note-CrimeaRussiaOccupation-233">[230]</a>) by the silence of Putin, on the events in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-wjs28214-263">[258]</a> He hoped to find out more on Russia's position when he meets with Mr. Putin "as soon as he has time".<a href="#cite_note-wjs28214-263">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_issue_of_Russian_military_intervention_2014">The issue of Russian military intervention 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: The issue of Russian military intervention 2014">edit</a>]</div> On 28 February 2014 Yanukovych claimed "eastern Ukraine will rise up as soon as they have to live without any means".<a href="#cite_note-CrimeaRussiaOccupation-233">[230]</a> On 28 February 2014 the BBC reported him as insisting that military action was "unacceptable" and as stating that he would not request Russian military intervention.<a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Russia_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations">Russia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Churkin" title="Vitaly Churkin">Vitaly Churkin</a> told the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> <a href="/wiki/Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a> on 4 March 2014 that Yanukovych had asked Russia to send troops across the <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Russia–Ukraine border">Russia–Ukraine border</a> to protect civilians via a letter to Putin on 1 March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-26427848YanukovychLetterB-265">[260]</a> On 4 March 2014 Putin answered questions of reporters about the situation in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-kremlin.runews6763B-266">[261]</a> In this interview he claimed "if I do decide to use the Armed Forces, this will be a legitimate decision in full compliance with both general norms of international law, since we have the appeal of the legitimate President."<a href="#cite_note-kremlin.runews6763B-266">[261]</a> In an interview with the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and Russian channel <a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a> of 2 April 2014 Yanukovych called <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Crimea_to_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Crimea to the Russian Federation">Russia's annexation of Crimea</a> "a tragedy", the <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Crimean referendum">2014 Crimean referendum</a> "a form of protest" and he stated he hopes it will become part of Ukraine again.<a href="#cite_note-Yanukovychblablabla-267">[262]</a> Yanukovych said he would try to persuade Putin to return Crimea to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-Yanukovychblablabla-267">[262]</a> He squarely blamed the <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">Yatsenyuk Government</a> and acting Ukrainian president Oleksandr Turchynov for Ukraine's loss of Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-Yanukovychblablabla-267">[262]</a> He said he gave no orders to open fire on Euromaidan protesters.<a href="#cite_note-Yanukovychblablabla-267">[262]</a> Yanukovych said: "We must set such a task and search for ways to return to Crimea on any conditions, so that Crimea may have the maximum degree of independence possible... but be part of Ukraine."<a href="#cite_note-Yanukovychblablabla-267">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2014_to_December_2021">March 2014 to December 2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: March 2014 to December 2021">edit</a>]</div> At a press-conference in Rostov-On-Don on 11 March 2014 Yanukovych asked the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian military">Ukrainian military</a> to disobey the "criminal orders" of a "band of <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neofascists" class="mw-redirect" title="Neofascists">neofascists</a>". He called the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election illegal, as well as U.S. financial help, since US law allegedly did not allow the support of "bandits". Yanukovych stated he would like to ask the Western supporters of the Yatsenyuk Government that he referred to as "dark powers": "Have you become blind? Have you forgotten what <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> is?" alluding to the fact that several positions in the transitional government went to representatives of the right-wing extremist nationalist group Svoboda, condemned by the EU in 2012 (see Svoboda Party).<a href="#cite_note-TR0311-216">[213]</a> Unlike his 28 February press conference, Yanukovych did not take questions from reporters.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> On 28 March 2014, Yanukovych asked the Party of Regions to exclude him.<a href="#cite_note-euronews1-269">[264]</a> He was excluded on 29 March during a party congress<a href="#cite_note-euronews1-269">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-EnlargedBPoR-270">[265]</a> along with several senior figures of his régime.<a href="#cite_note-euronews1-269">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-EnlargedBPoR-270">[265]</a> On 13 April, Yanukovych again gave a press conference in Rostov-on-Don, this time accompanied by former Prosecutor General Viktor Pshonka and former interior minister <a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Zakharchenko" title="Vitaliy Zakharchenko">Vitaliy Zakharchenko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a> On 13 June 2014, Yanukovych released a video message in which he criticised Poroshenko's handling of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic#Continued_fighting" title="Donetsk People's Republic">unrest in eastern Ukraine</a>, naming it "criminal orders to kill people...that causes anger and curse the mothers who see the death and suffering of their children".<a href="#cite_note-YnukS-272">[267]</a> Russian media had previously reported that Yanukovych, along with his wife, had moved to <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YnukS-272">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a> On 21 February 2015, a year after the revolution, Yanukovych gave an interview to <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a> regarding the situation in Ukraine and promised to return to power as soon as he could.<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a> On 18 June 2015, Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of President of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-yanunopres-275">[270]</a> On 22 June 2015, Yanukovych was interviewed on BBC Newsnight and he accepted some responsibility for the deaths just before his removal from power.<a href="#cite_note-vybbcij15-187">[184]</a> On 7 December 2015, Yanukovych announced his interest in returning to Ukrainian politics.<a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a> In a 22 February 2017, interview with Christopher Miller of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kilimnik" title="Konstantin Kilimnik">Konstantin Kilimnik</a> explained the existence of a peace effort between Russia and Ukraine called the "<a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> Plan" in which Viktor Yanukovych would return as president of Russia's illegally controlled regions and Crimea in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Artemenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Andriy Artemenko">Andriy Artemenko</a>'s peace plan was known as the "New initiative for Peace".<a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> On 30 December 2021 Yanukovych filed lawsuits against the Ukrainian parliament at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyiv_District_Administrative_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyiv District Administrative Court (page does not exist)">Kyiv District Administrative Court</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Окружний адміністративний суд міста Києва">uk</a>] in a bid to overturn his removal of the constitutional powers as President of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-7391273Yanukovych-279">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-7337045Yanukovych-280">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Russian invasion of Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> Russia launched a <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">full-scale invasion</a> of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. On 2 March, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> reported that Ukrainian intelligence sources believed that Yanukovych was spotted in <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus, and that it was Russia's intention to declare Yanukovych as President of Ukraine in the event of Russian forces gaining control of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7391273Yanukovych-279">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[f]</a> On 2 March 2022 the <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> raided the Kyiv District Administrative Court in an attempt to physically block Yanukovych's lawsuits to overturn his removal of the constitutional powers as President of Ukraine to be heard.<a href="#cite_note-7391273Yanukovych-279">[274]</a> According to Ukrayinska Pravda's sources Yanukovych left Minsk on 7 March 2022, and again he vanished from the public eye.<a href="#cite_note-7391273Yanukovych-279">[274]</a> Russia's <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_offensive_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv offensive (2022)">Kyiv offensive</a> ended in failure, with its <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">forces</a> withdrawing from <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Oblast" title="Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a> by 2 April 2022.<a href="#cite_note-285">[279]</a> This seems to have ended any chance of Yanukovych being placed in power.<a href="#cite_note-7391273Yanukovych-279">[274]</a> In 2023, Yanukovych was stripped of his Ukrainian citizenship by President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criminal_cases">Criminal cases</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Criminal cases">edit</a>]</div> Since the revolution, Yanukovych has been convicted in absentia of <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a> against Ukraine. He is wanted by the Prosecutor General of Ukraine, charged with responsibility for mass murder of the Maidan protesters, as well as abuse of power, misappropriation of public funds, bribery, and property theft. On 28 February 2014, the General Prosecutor of Ukraine, <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Makhnitsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleh Makhnitsky">Oleh Makhnitsky</a>, formally asked Russia to extradite Yanukovych.<a href="#cite_note-287">[281]</a> Russian prosecutors stated that they had not received such a request from Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-288">[282]</a> To date, Russia has declined to extradite him. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanctions">Sanctions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sanctions">edit</a>]</div> Due to the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> he was put on the US sanctions list on 17 March 2014, an action which had been already previously been considered.<a href="#cite_note-289">[283]</a> He was sanctioned by the British government on 6 March 2014 in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[284]</a> In 2021 Yanukovych and his son Oleksandr were sanctioned by the EU in relation to his ties to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Sanction_court-291">[285]</a> In August 2023 Yanukovych would be sanctioned again following the opening of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-Sanctions_EU-292">[286]</a> On 20 December 2023, the sanctions placed on Yanukovych were recommended to be lifted by the <a href="/wiki/European_General_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="European General Court">European General Court</a> stating that they "made an error of assessment" by adding Yanukovych to the list, and that they could not confirm without doubt that his other legal cases in Ukraine were tried without prejudice by Ukrainian courts.<a href="#cite_note-Sanction_court-291">[285]</a> Shortly afterwards, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> rejected the suggestion and stated that they will not be lifting the EU-wide sanctions on Yanukovych and his son.<a href="#cite_note-Sanctions_EU-292">[286]</a> On 16 February 2023, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> launched proceedings to confiscate $140.89 million in assets from Yanukovych's <a href="/wiki/Swiss_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss bank">swiss bank</a> accounts stating that they were of "illicit origin" and his assets will be frozen until the trial is completed.<a href="#cite_note-293">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fraud">Fraud</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Fraud">edit</a>]</div> On 11 July 2005, the office of the Donetsk Oblast Prosecutor charged Yanukovych with fraud,<a href="#cite_note-294">[288]</a> stemming from alleged irregularities in the way his convictions were expunged twenty years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-295">[289]</a> In 2006, the General Prosecutor closed the case due to lack of evidence.<a href="#cite_note-296">[290]</a> In 2006, a criminal charge was filed for official falsifying of documents concerning the quashing of Yanukovych's prior convictions after it was discovered that two documents had been tampered with, including the forgery of a judge's signature in connection with one charge of <a href="/wiki/Battery_(crime)" title="Battery (crime)">battery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gorina-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-polit.ru-51">[48]</a> On 29 January 2010, the Prosecutor General of Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Medvedko" title="Oleksandr Medvedko">Oleksandr Medvedko</a> claimed that Yanukovych had been unlawfully jailed in his youth.<a href="#cite_note-297">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bribery">Bribery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Bribery">edit</a>]</div> After the Euromaidan events the General Prosecutor opened at least four new criminal cases against the former president of Ukraine. This included multiple cash payments to a number of Ukraine's top officials which were investigated as suspected bribes. The payments totalled $2 billion over years, ranging from $500,000 to $20 million paid in cash, the recipients included "ministers, heads of agencies, Verkhovna Rada members, civic activists, representatives of international organizations, top judges, including those of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court, and the Central Election Commission".<a href="#cite_note-299">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Property_theft_through_conspiracy">Property theft through conspiracy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Property theft through conspiracy">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych is also charged with property theft in a conspiracy with the chairman of the Nadra Ukrainy state company (Articles 109 and 209), which has been under investigation since March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv_treaty-300">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrtelekom_case">Ukrtelekom case</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Ukrtelekom case">edit</a>]</div> On 30 September 2014, the General Prosecutor of Ukraine opened a new case against Yanukovych for using ₴220 million of state money to establish his own private communication company based on <a href="/wiki/Ukrtelekom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrtelekom">Ukrtelekom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ukrtelekom-301">[295]</a> The prosecutor's office also considered that Yanukovych was helped by former government officials Mykola Azarov (prime minister), <a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Kolobov" title="Yuriy Kolobov">Yuriy Kolobov</a> (finance minister), Anatoliy Markovsky (first deputy minister of finance), Hennadiy Reznikov (director of <a href="/wiki/Derzhspetszviazok" class="mw-redirect" title="Derzhspetszviazok">Derzhspetszviazok</a>), and Dzenyk (Ukrtelekom board of directors).<a href="#cite_note-ukrtelekom-301">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kharkiv_treaty">Kharkiv treaty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Kharkiv treaty">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a></div> Beginning in the summer of 2014, the prosecutor's office investigated Yanukovych's signing of the Kharkiv treaty, which allowed the Black Sea Fleet to stay in Ukraine for an additional 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv_treaty-300">[294]</a> Yanukovych is being charged with abuse of power (Article 364) and state <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> (Article 111) that are being investigated since April 2014 as well as the new procedure on <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">creation of criminal organization</a> (Article 255) that is being investigated since the summer.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv_treaty-300">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_murder_at_Maidan">Mass murder at Maidan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Mass murder at Maidan">edit</a>]</div> A warrant for Yanukovych's arrest was issued on 24 February 2014 by the interim government, accusing him of responsibility for the mass murder of protesters.<a href="#cite_note-ArrestWarrant-302">[296]</a> Acting Ukrainian Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a> declared that Yanukovych had been placed on Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/Most_wanted_list" title="Most wanted list">most wanted list</a> and that a criminal case for the mass killings of civilians had been opened against him.<a href="#cite_note-303">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interpol">Interpol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Interpol">edit</a>]</div> For several years, Interpol refused to place Viktor Yanukovych on the wanted list as a suspect by the new Ukrainian government for the mass killing of protesters during Euromaidan.<a href="#cite_note-304">[298]</a> However, on 12 January 2015, Viktor Yanukovych was <a href="/wiki/Interpol_notice" title="Interpol notice">listed by Interpol</a> as "wanted by the judicial authorities of Ukraine for prosecution / to serve a sentence" on charges of "misappropriation, embezzlement or conversion of property by malversation, if committed in respect of an especially gross amount, or by an organized group".<a href="#cite_note-rednotice-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[301]</a> On 16 July 2015, Russian media reported that Interpol had suspended its Red Notice for Yanukovych.<a href="#cite_note-308">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[305]</a> According to the Ukrainian Interpol office, this was a temporary measure due to Yanukovych's complaints that the charges were politically motivated.<a href="#cite_note-312">[306]</a> Interpol later confirmed that Viktor Yanukovych and Oleksandr Yanukovych were no longer subject to an Interpol red notice or diffusion, and that they are unknown on Interpol's databases. Interpol's action followed an application to Interpol by Joseph Hage Aaronson on behalf of Yanukovych seeking his removal from the Interpol wanted list, as according to the law firm, the criminal charges brought by the Ukrainian government against Yanukovych were "part of a pattern of political persecution of him."<a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a> In 2017, Yanukovych's son was removed from Interpol's wanted list.<a href="#cite_note-314">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treason">Treason</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Treason">edit</a>]</div> In November 2016, Prosecutor General Yuriy Lutsenko questioned Yanukovych via video link in connection with the former <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a>. During the questioning, Lutsenko told Yanukovych that he was being accused of treason.<a href="#cite_note-:0-315">[309]</a> On 14 March 2017, the Prosecutor General submitted to court documents of the Yanukovych's case on state treason.<a href="#cite_note-316">[310]</a> Yanukovych was charged with encroachment on the territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine, high treason, and complicity in aggressive warfare by the Russian Federation aimed at altering Ukraine's state borders.<a href="#cite_note-:1-317">[311]</a> More than 100 witnesses were interviewed for the case. One was <a href="/wiki/Denis_Voronenkov" title="Denis Voronenkov">Denis Voronenkov</a>, who was shot dead in downtown Kyiv at the end of March 2017.<a href="#cite_note-:0-315">[309]</a> On 4 May 2017 the first preliminary session commenced in Kyiv's <a href="/wiki/Obolonskyi_District" title="Obolonskyi District">Obolonskyi District</a> Court under Judge Vladyslav Devyatko. Yanukovych was not present and was tried in absentia. He testified via video link from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-:0-315">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[312]</a> In closing arguments on 16 August, prosecutors Ruslan Kravchenko and Maksym Krym asked the court in Kyiv to sentence the former leader to 15 years in prison. The judge then adjourned the trial until 13 September.<a href="#cite_note-319">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[314]</a> However the former leader was hospitalized in Moscow days before he was scheduled to give the final statement. Yanukovych was taken to Moscow's <a href="/wiki/Sklifosovsky_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Sklifosovsky Institute">Sklifosovsky Institute</a> of Emergency Medicine by ambulance on 16 November in an immobilized condition. He allegedly sustained back and knee injuries while "playing tennis".<a href="#cite_note-321">[315]</a> On 24 January 2019 a panel of three judges of the Obolonskyi District Court found Yanukovych guilty of high treason and complicity in Russian military intervention in Ukraine. They stated that "the court, having heard the testimony of witnesses, examined conclusions of experts, documents and material evidence, assessed the arguments of prosecution and defense, considers that the guilt of the accused in committing the crimes under Part 1 Article 111 (high treason), Part 5 Article 27, Part 2 Article 437 (complicity in conducting an aggressive war) of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Code of Ukraine">Criminal Code of Ukraine</a> is duly proved by relevant and admissible evidence".<a href="#cite_note-322">[316]</a> He was acquitted of the other charge relating to Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The verdict was that Yanukovych was sentenced in absentia to 13 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-323">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_degrees">Academic degrees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Academic degrees">edit</a>]</div> The former president's official website stated that he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_State_Technical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetsk State Technical University">Donetsk Polytechnic Institute</a> with a major in Mechanical Engineering, holds a master's degree in International Law at the Ukrainian Academy of Foreign Trade and is a member of the Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine, PhD in economics.<a href="#cite_note-325">[319]</a> According to the Russian website ua.spinform.ru, from December 2000 to February 2004, while in the position of Ukrainian prime minister, Yanukovych headed the Faculty of Innovative Management at the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_State_University_of_Management" title="Donetsk State University of Management">Donetsk State University of Management</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[320]</a> Yanukovych's curriculum vitae, published at website europarl.europa.eu, states he is a "Doctor of Economics, Professor, Full Member of the Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine, Member of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine."<a href="#cite_note-327">[321]</a> Website Pravda.com.ua reported that Yanukovych received the honorary title of docent (lecturer) of the Faculty of Automobile Transport at the Donetsk State Academy of Administration, a tertiary education establishment that specialised in Economics and Management<a href="#cite_note-The_Path_of_the_Professor-328">[322]</a> Oleksandr Zakharov, who studied international law at the Academy of Foreign Trade at the same time as Yanukovych, contended that "individual study programs" such as Yanukovych's were commonly viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Diploma_mill" title="Diploma mill">diploma mill</a> for state officials.<a href="#cite_note-329">[323]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Viktor_Yanukovych" title="List of awards and honours received by Viktor Yanukovych">List of awards and honours received by Viktor Yanukovych</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych was married to Lyudmyla Oleksandrivna Nastenko. The couple married in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-UKPresWifes-52">[49]</a> With his wife Yanukovych had two sons, <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yanukovych" title="Oleksandr Yanukovych">Oleksandr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Viktorovych_Yanukovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Viktor Viktorovych Yanukovych">Viktor</a>, and three grandsons Viktor, Oleksandr and Iliya.<a href="#cite_note-330">[324]</a> From 2006 to 2014, the younger Viktor was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Ukraine">Parliament of Ukraine</a>; he died by drowning at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a> in 2015. In 2024, Oleksandr received Russian citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-331">[325]</a> In February 2017, Yanukovych admitted that after 45 years of marriage he had divorced Lyudmyla.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Ukrayinska Pravda claims that during the Yanukovych presidency, his wife Lyudmyla lived separately in Donetsk.<a href="#cite_note-YnwsocUP-332">[326]</a> After the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War she reportedly moved to Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-YnwsocUP-332">[326]</a> Until 2004, Yanukovych was known as batia ("Dad") among his family members, but since that time he became "leader".<a href="#cite_note-333">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[328]</a> Yanukovych himself stated[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] that his ex-wife did not wish for her grandson to pick up the bad habits of his grandfather, but Yanukovych did not specify what kind of habits those were.<a href="#cite_note-335">[329]</a> In March 2012, Yanukovych stated it was <a href="/wiki/Yanukism" title="Yanukism">"a problem" for him</a> in 2002 to speak Ukrainian but that "once I had the opportunity to speak Ukrainian, I started to do it with pleasure".<a href="#cite_note-ITARTASSYanu19312-336">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_and_political_image">Cultural and political image</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Cultural and political image">edit</a>]</div> Yanukovych was seen by opponents as representing the interests of Ukrainian big business; they pointed out that his campaigns benefited from backing by Ukrainian billionaire <a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-image-337">[331]</a> Supporters of Yanukovych pointed out that Donetsk Oblast secured unprecedented levels of investment during his time in office.<a href="#cite_note-BBCprofile-55">[52]</a> Yanukovych drew strong support from <a href="/wiki/Russian-speaking_Ukrainians" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-speaking Ukrainians">Russian-speaking Ukrainians</a> in the east of the country.<a href="#cite_note-BBCprofile-55">[52]</a> He is disliked and distrusted in western Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-338">[332]</a> The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_of_Ukraine" title="People's Movement of Ukraine">People's Movement of Ukraine</a> labeled his election on 10 February 2010 as "an attack by anti-Ukrainian forces on our state" and stated that "all possible legal means should be used to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of anti-state politician Yanukovych and his pro-Moscow retinue".<a href="#cite_note-339">[333]</a> On 16 February 2010, Yanukovych issued a statement that read: "I can say only one thing to those who anticipate that my presidency will weaken Ukraine – that will never happen."<a href="#cite_note-340">[334]</a> Yanukovych refers to himself as Ukrainian.<a href="#cite_note-LGAWYu-341">[335]</a> Voters for Yanukovych in 2010 believed he would bring "stability and order". They blamed the Orange Revolution for creating broken promises, a dysfunctional economy and political chaos.<a href="#cite_note-342">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[337]</a> During the 2010 presidential election campaign Yuriy Yakymenko, director of political research at the Razumkov Centre, stated: "I think he has not just changed on the surface but also in his ideas."<a href="#cite_note-Tele-36">[33]</a> In 2004, Yanukovych was seen as Kuchma's and Putin's <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Protégé">protégé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBCprofile-55">[52]</a> Kuchma, however, in conversation with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Ukraine">United States Ambassador to Ukraine</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Tefft" title="John F. Tefft">John F. Tefft</a>, in a document dated 2 February 2010 uncovered during the <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">United States diplomatic cables leak</a>, called the voters' choice between Yanukovych and Yulia Tymoshenko during the second round of the 2010 presidential election a choice between "bad and very bad" and praised Arseniy Yatsenyuk, the candidate eliminated in the first round of the election, instead.<a href="#cite_note-WLKuchmalovesYatsenyuk-344">[338]</a> In another January 2009 cable then-<a href="/wiki/Ambassador_of_Ukraine_to_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador of Ukraine to Russia">Ambassador of Ukraine to Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Kostyantyn_Gryshchenko" title="Kostyantyn Gryshchenko">Kostyantyn Gryshchenko</a> stated that Putin had a low personal regard for Yanukovych.<a href="#cite_note-345">[339]</a> In another Wikileaks diplomatic cable, <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Horbulin" title="Volodymyr Horbulin">Volodymyr Horbulin</a>, one of Ukraine's most respected policy strategists and former presidential advisor to then-President Viktor Yushchenko, told the United States Ambassador to Ukraine <a href="/wiki/John_E._Herbst" title="John E. Herbst">John E. Herbst</a> in 2006 that Yanukovych's Party of Regions was partly composed of "pure criminals" and "criminal and anti-democracy figures."<a href="#cite_note-wikileakgryt-346">[340]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_(Shvets)_in_Khersonez_2013.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lazarus_%28Shvets%29_in_Khersonez_2013.jpeg/220px-Lazarus_%28Shvets%29_in_Khersonez_2013.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lazarus_%28Shvets%29_in_Khersonez_2013.jpeg/330px-Lazarus_%28Shvets%29_in_Khersonez_2013.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lazarus_%28Shvets%29_in_Khersonez_2013.jpeg/440px-Lazarus_%28Shvets%29_in_Khersonez_2013.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>Yanukovych and Putin during <a href="/wiki/Moleben" class="mw-redirect" title="Moleben">moleben</a> celebrated by metropolitan Lazarus of Crimea in memory of 1025th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kyivan_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianization of Kyivan Rus">Christianization of Kyivan Rus</a>.</figcaption></figure> Yanukovych is not known as a great speaker.<a href="#cite_note-347">[341]</a> His native language is Russian,<a href="#cite_note-348">[342]</a> similar to a majority of the population of his power-base and native Eastern Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-349">[343]</a> He, however, made efforts to speak better Ukrainian.<a href="#cite_note-image-337">[331]</a> He admitted in March 2012 that it was a problem for him in 2002 to speak Ukrainian.<a href="#cite_note-ITARTASSYanu19312-336">[330]</a> He continued making blunders, however, in Ukrainian since then, dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Yanukism" title="Yanukism">Yanukisms</a>".<a href="#cite_note-350">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[345]</a> For the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, Yanukovych wrote an autobiography for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Election Commission of Ukraine">Central Election Commission</a>, in which he misspelled his academic degree.<a href="#cite_note-RIO-352">[346]</a> Thereafter, he came to be widely referred to with this nickname[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] in opposition media and opponents' speeches.<a href="#cite_note-RIO-352">[346]</a> His autobiographic resume of 90 words contains 12 major spelling and grammatical errors.<a href="#cite_note-353">[347]</a> Opponents of Yanukovych made fun of this misspelling and his criminal convictions during the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election campaign and the incident during the campaign (September 2004) in <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a> when Yanukovych was rushed to hospital after being hit by an egg (while government officials claimed he was hit by a brick) was a source of ridicule.<a href="#cite_note-RIO-352">[346]</a> Other famous blunders by Yanukovych are his claim that <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a> was "a Ukrainian poet" in January 2010,<a href="#cite_note-354">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[350]</a> forgetting on 6 January 2011 to congratulate the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Greek-Catholic Ukrainian community</a>, which, along with the rest of the Ukrainian people, celebrates Christmas that day,<a href="#cite_note-357">[351]</a> and confusing Kosovo with <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="North Ossetia">North Ossetia</a> with <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> in March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-358">[352]</a> In a form filled in for the 2004 election he claimed to be fluent in Ukrainian, yet made in that very form a series of egregious mistakes,e.g., spelling his own wife's patronym incorrectly.<a href="#cite_note-359">[353]</a> Yanukovych stated in November 2009 that he respects all Ukrainian politicians. "I have never offended anyone. This is my rule of politics."<a href="#cite_note-360">[354]</a> In spite of this claim, on 22 September 2007, during the <a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a> campaign, while delivering a speech in <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a>, he compared Tymoshenko's performance as prime minister to "a cow on ice",<a href="#cite_note-361">[355]</a> ("Вона прем'єр-міністр, як корова на льду....", "She is a prime minister like a cow on ice") most likely referring to her skills and professionalism as a prime minister. Other cases of strong colloquialisms used by Yanukovych include the incident when he called former president Yushchenko "a coward and a babbler",[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] as well as a speech in Donetsk during the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, when he referred to the electorate of his opponent Yushchenko as "goats that make our lives difficult" ("эти козлы, которые нам мешают жить"). Later, during TV debates with Yushchenko he explained, "I called the traitors goats. According to the Bible, the goat is a traitor, and there are also rams, sheep."<a href="#cite_note-362">[356]</a> After his February 2014 escape to Russia, during his 28 February press conference in Rostov-on-Don, Yanukovych said, "Ukraine is our strategic partner" (misspeaking and confusing Ukraine with Russia).<a href="#cite_note-363">[357]</a> During the same press conference he also broke a pen in an emotional outburst, while trying to apologize to the Ukrainian people.<a href="#cite_note-364">[358]</a> Opinion polls showed that Yanukovych's popularity sank after his election as president in 2010, with polls giving him from 13% to 20% of the votes if a presidential election were to be held in 2012 (in 2010 he received 35.8% of the vote in the first round of that election.)<a href="#cite_note-wsj.com-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yanufewfriends-365">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ratings_of_politicians-367">[361]</a> A public opinion poll taken by <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">Sociological group "RATING"</a> gave him 25.1% of the votes in an imaginary February 2013 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-368">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[g]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_European_Union_to_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors of the European Union to Ukraine">Ambassador of the European Union to Ukraine</a>, José Manuel Pinto Teixeira, stated during an April 2012 interview with <a href="/wiki/Korrespondent" title="Korrespondent">Korrespondent</a> that Yanukovych's presidency "fell short of expectations".<a href="#cite_note-371">[364]</a> In an overview piece in March 2013, <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Week" title="The Ukrainian Week">The Ukrainian Week</a> claimed that Yanukovych had "failed to meet" his 2010 election promises.<a href="#cite_note-372">[365]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paul_Manafort_consultancy">Paul Manafort consultancy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Paul Manafort consultancy">edit</a>]</div> In December 2004 Yanukovych and his Party of Regions hired American political consultant <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> as an adviser. He continued to serve in that role through the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election,<a href="#cite_note-YamontU-373">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-317">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmsuOB-374">[367]</a> even as the US government opposed Yanukovych.<a href="#cite_note-Davis-375">[368]</a> Manafort's task was to rehabilitate Yanukovych's political career in the aftermath of the Orange Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-376">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-LOmoney-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[370]</a> According the Party of Regions' accounting book (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: "амбарну книга"), Manafort, who after the Orange Revolution provided strong support to Yanukovych, received funds from the Party of Regions via the <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> based Neocom Systems Limited's account at the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> based <a href="/wiki/Asia_Universal_Bank" title="Asia Universal Bank">Asia Universal Bank</a> (AUB) on 14 October 2009.<a href="#cite_note-Eurasianet1-378">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eurasianet2-379">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[373]</a> Manafort hired the public relations firm <a href="/wiki/Edelman_(firm)" title="Edelman (firm)">Edelman</a> to lift Yanukovych's public image. However, Manafort's friends said that Yanukovych "stopped listening" to him after he became president in 2010; Manafort warned him of the consequences of "extreme" political measures.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Manafort later went on to serve as campaign chairman for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-ManafortTimeline-381">[374]</a> The American <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> began a criminal investigation into Manafort's business dealings while he was lobbying for Yanukovych. American federal prosecutors alleged that between 2010 and 2014 Manafort was paid more than $60 million by Ukrainian sponsors, including Rinat Akhmetov, believed to be the richest man in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-382">[375]</a> In January 2019, Manafort resigned from the Connecticut bar.<a href="#cite_note-383">[376]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, 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political crisis">2007 Ukrainian political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">2010 Ukrainian presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hrushevskoho_Street_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots">2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_National_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of National Unity">Alliance of National Unity</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Fled the country on the night of 21–22 February, but claiming the presidency sometime after that. Officially deprived of the title on 18 June 2015.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Віктор Федорович Янукович, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[ˈviktor ˈfɛdorovɪtʃ jɐnʊˈkɔvɪtʃ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/57\/Uk-%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.oga\/Uk-%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Uk-\u042f\u043d\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Uk-%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.oga/Uk-%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Uk-%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.oga" title="File:Uk-Янукович.oga">ⓘ</a> In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is Fedorovych and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is Yanukovych. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Attributed to multiple sources:<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> On 24 October 2014 <a href="/wiki/Russian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian President">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> stated that Russia had assisted Yanukovych in travelling to <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> and then to Russia; after 21 February 2014 Putin claimed that Yanukovych "stayed for several more days" in Crimea but then asked to be evacuated to Russia "as <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">the events</a> in Kyiv were developing very quickly and violently, it made no sense for him to return to Kyiv in those conditions" (according to Putin).<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Putin:_Russia_helped_Yanukovych_to_flee_Ukraine-237">[234]</a> On 22 June 2015 Yanukovych confirmed this.<a href="#cite_note-vybbcij15-187">[184]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian constitution">Ukrainian constitution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">state language</a> of Ukraine is <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SerhyYUBoaMN-257">[253]</a> Russian is however widely spoken, especially in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine" title="Southern Ukraine">southern Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SerhyYUBoaMN-257">[253]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> Analysts in <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> claimed that Putin would like to have installed the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_Platform_%E2%80%94_For_Life" title="Opposition Platform — For Life">Opposition Platform — For Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Medvedchuk" title="Viktor Medvedchuk">Viktor Medvedchuk</a>, as president instead.<a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> According to polling organization <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">Sociological group "RATING"</a> in February 2013 Yanukovych would have lost the second round of the presidential election against <a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a>; and he would have defeated in a close race <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> (with 33.5% of the votes).<a href="#cite_note-369">[363]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Resolution of <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> #757–VII. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/757-VII">About self removal of President of Ukraine from execution of his constitutional powers and assignment of early elections of President of Ukraine (Про самоусунення Президента України від виконання конституційних повноважень та призначення позачергових виборів Президента України)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>. 22 February 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-rednotice-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rednotice_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rednotice_3-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150112165034/http://www.interpol.int/notice/search/wanted/2014-13031">"YANUKOVYCH, VIKTOR"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpol.int/notice/search/wanted/2014-13031">the original</a> on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YANUKOVYCH%2C+VIKTOR&rft.pub=Interpol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2Fnotice%2Fsearch%2Fwanted%2F2014-13031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarkov2023" class="citation news cs1">Starkov, Nick (5 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-zelenskiy-strips-citizenship-several-former-politicians-2023-02-04/">"Ukraine's Zelenskiy strips citizenship of several former politicians"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Zelenskiy+strips+citizenship+of+several+former+politicians&rft.date=2023-02-05&rft.aulast=Starkov&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraines-zelenskiy-strips-citizenship-several-former-politicians-2023-02-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/Ukraines_Tymoshenko_Slams_Rival_No_Comment_On_Election_Result/1954993.html">Ukraine's Tymoshenko Slams Rival, No Comment On Election Result</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a> (11 February 2010): "International observers and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe have called the election transparent and honest." </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2019" class="citation news cs1">Roth, Andrew (25 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/25/ukraine-ex-president-viktor-yanukovych-found-guilty-of-treason">"Ukraine's ex-president Viktor Yanukovych found guilty of treason"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+ex-president+Viktor+Yanukovych+found+guilty+of+treason&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjan%2F25%2Fukraine-ex-president-viktor-yanukovych-found-guilty-of-treason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26248275">"Ukraine crisis: Timeline"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-26248275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/08/viktor-yanukovych-ukraine-president-election">"Yanukovych set to become president as observers say Ukraine election was fair"</a>. the Guardian. 8 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Yanukovych+set+to+become+president+as+observers+say+Ukraine+election+was+fair&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Ffeb%2F08%2Fviktor-yanukovych-ukraine-president-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCObs2910-10"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCObs2910_10-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20120888">Ukraine election 'reversed democracy', OSCE says</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (29 October 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-press-freedom-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-press-freedom_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-press-freedom_11-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66009/">Journalists, in defensive crouch, swing news coverage to Yanukovych's favor</a>, Kyiv Post (6 May 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713180409/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66009/">Archived</a> 13 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-SL-OD-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SL-OD_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SL-OD_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SL-OD_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SL-OD_12-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeshchenko2012" class="citation web cs1">Leshchenko, Sergii (8 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/serhij-leschenko/yanukovych-luxury-residence-and-money-trail-that-leads-to-london">"Yanukovych, the luxury residence and the money trail that leads to London"</a>. 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Yale University Press. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-27249-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-27249-9"><bdi>978-0-300-27249-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ukrainians%3A+Unexpected+Nation&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2022-11-08&rft.isbn=978-0-300-27249-9&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Q3CEAAAQBAJ%26q%3DIn%2B2013%2BYanukovych%2Bprovoked%2Bmass%2B%2522the%2Bukrainians%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajan_Menon2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Rajan Menon (28 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/ukraine-yanukovych-finished-9775?page=2">"Ukraine: Is Yanukovych Finished?"</a>. The National Interest. p. 3. 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Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yanukovych%27s+criminal+record+re-instated&rft.date=2005-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polit.ru%2Farticle%2F2005%2F07%2F12%2Fsudimost%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKPresWifes-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UKPresWifes_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UKPresWifes_52-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/en/world/735058">"First ladies of Ukraine"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018204137/http://tass.ru/en/world/735058">Archived</a> 18 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_Telegraph_Agency_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Telegraph Agency of Russia">Information Telegraph Agency of Russia</a> (6 June 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Kazmirenko, Y. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008232932/http://dosye.com.ua/articles/2010-02-25/s-chego-nachinalsja-janukovich/128/">From where started Yanukovych</a>. Gazeta po-kievsky. 25 February 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-pravdapublicimage-54"><a href="#cite_ref-pravdapublicimage_54-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2004/05/13/2999853/">"Public image of Yanukovych"</a>. Ukrayinska Pravda. </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCprofile-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCprofile_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCprofile_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCprofile_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCprofile_55-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4038803.stm">"Profile: Viktor Yanukovych"</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (regularly updated) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B3bwDpegCCYC&pg=PA549">"The countries of the former Soviet Union at the turn of the twenty-first century: the Baltic and European states in transition" (page 556)</a> by Ian Jeffries, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-25230-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-25230-X">0-415-25230-X</a>, 9780415252300 (published in 2004) </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.from-ua.com/politics/42a9194b28012">"Political career of Viktor Y."</a> from-ua.com (in Russian). Retrieved 13 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=from-ua.com&rft.atitle=Political+career+of+Viktor+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.from-ua.com%2Fpolitics%2F42a9194b28012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C8C3xuqd6aMC&pg=PA152">"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anders_%C3%85slund" title="Anders Åslund">Anders Åslund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterson_Institute_for_International_Economics" title="Peterson Institute for International Economics">Peterson Institute for International Economics</a>, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88132-427-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88132-427-3">978-0-88132-427-3</a> (page 153) </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_59-1">b</a> Paton Walsh, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/dec/29/ukraine.nickpatonwalsh">"Pressure Mounts on Yanukovych to yield."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 29 December 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/26340/">"Yanukovych says presidential election scenario of 2004 won't be repeated in 2010"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121116221809/http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/26340/">Archived</a> 16 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (27 November 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=315486&lang=ru">"Мог ли Янукович сесть в третий раз"</a>, Газета.ua (12 November 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/53358/">"Party of Regions hopes for strengthening collaboration with 'United Russia' party"</a>, Kyiv Post (22 November 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120523182011/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/53358/">Archived</a> 23 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-URussia-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-URussia_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-URussia_63-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/53329/">Yanukovych calls for new format of Ukraine-EU dialog on collective security</a>, Kyiv Post (21 November 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609121344/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/53329/">Archived</a> 9 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/31075/print/">"Yanukovych to participate in congress of United Russia party in Moscow"</a>, Kyiv Post (20 November 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205084232/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/31075/print/">Archived</a> 5 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723173446/http://www.korrespondent.net/display_print.php?arid=">"Lutsenko accepts the fact of falsification with the clearing of charges on Yanukovych"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Korrespondent" title="Korrespondent">Korrespondent</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korrespondent.net/display_print.php?arid=">the original</a> on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korrespondent&rft.atitle=Lutsenko+accepts+the+fact+of+falsification+with+the+clearing+of+charges+on+Yanukovych&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.korrespondent.net%2Fdisplay_print.php%3Farid%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korrespondent.net/main/">"Yanukovych can go to the elections, even with falsifications"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Korrespondent" title="Korrespondent">Korrespondent</a> (in Russian). Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korrespondent&rft.atitle=Yanukovych+can+go+to+the+elections%2C+even+with+falsifications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.korrespondent.net%2Fmain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409120428/http://en.for-ua.com/news/2007/05/25/.html">"Viktor Yanukovych was appointed chairman of the Government Chiefs Council of the CIS"</a>. for-ua. 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Retrieved 13 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yanukovych+tops+list+of+presidential+candidates+in+Ukraine+%E2%80%93+poll&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.net%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fnews-318868.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yanukovych_president-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Yanukovych_president_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130105103841/http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/227204.html">"Party of Regions Nominates Yanukovych As Its Presidential Candidate"</a>. 23 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/227204.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2013. 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June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60048/">Yushchenko endorses plan of presidential inauguration events</a>, Kyiv Post (20 February 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612031541/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60048/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60047/">Yushchenko congratulates Yanukovych on being legally elected Ukrainian president</a>, Kyiv Post (20 February 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612031549/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60047/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/60051/">Patriarch Kirill to conduct prayer service in Kyiv before Yanukovych's inauguration</a>, Kyiv Post (February 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612031602/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/60051/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashton-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ashton_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ashton_84-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/60426/">Ukraine Yanukovych sets visits to Moscow, Brussels</a>, Kyiv 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class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60438/">Half-empty chamber greets Ukraine's new president</a>, Kyiv Post (25 February 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612031635/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60438/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711140436/http://en.rian.ru/exsoviet/20100423/158710254.html">Ukraine's Party of Regions to choose new leader</a>, <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a> (23 April 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-Azarovleader-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Azarovleader_88-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60929/">Yanukovych suspends his membership in Party of Regions, hands over party leadership to Azarov</a>, Kyiv Post (3 March 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614035848/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/60929/">Archived</a> 14 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-roadmap-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roadmap_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roadmap_89-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/article/2227271.html">EU, Ukraine Agree On 'Road Map' For Visa-Free Travel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a> (22 November 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8391317.stm">Ukraine's political cat-fight leaves voters cold</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (2 December 2009) </li> 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428214837/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/116724/">Archived</a> 28 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/22988.html">President:Social standards will continue to grow in 2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/President.gov.ua" class="mw-redirect" title="President.gov.ua">President.gov.ua</a> (16 February 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140126053745/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/22988.html">Archived</a> 26 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/22984.html">President:Improvement of administrative services system 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id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/123821/">Azarov:Government to cope with tasks set by Yanukovych</a>, Kyiv Post (7 March 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120519184352/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/123821/">Archived</a> 19 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/klitschko-udar-wont-join-work-of-constitutional-assembly-317307.html">Klitschko:UDAR won't join work of Constitutional Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (7 December 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-misinform-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-misinform_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-misinform_102-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/61441/">Update: Former finance minister nominated as Ukraine prime minister</a>, Kyiv Post (11 March 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605060717/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/61441/">Archived</a> 5 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/71031/">Yanukovych criticises limits on his power</a>, Kyiv Post (25 June 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100730022320/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/71031/">Archived</a> 30 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/95846/">Yanukovych: Ukraine a leading country in Eastern Europe</a>, Kyiv Post (28 January 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303153341/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/95846/">Archived</a> 3 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/91316/">Tax code protests intensify</a>, Kyiv Post (26 November 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212002356/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/91316/">Archived</a> 12 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/91790/">Update: Yanukovych vetoes tax code after protests</a>, Kyiv Post (30 November 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110127081028/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/91790/">Archived</a> 27 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/business/bus_general/detail/91755/">Yanukovych vetoes the tax code</a>, Kyiv Post (30 November 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419150849/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/business/bus_general/detail/91755/">Archived</a> 19 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/92043/">Yanukovych signs new tax code</a>, Kyiv Post (3 December 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205155942/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/92043/">Archived</a> 5 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/20423/">Yanukovych: Tymoshenko to use issue of increasing social benefits in her presidential campaign</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515212954/http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/20423/">Archived</a> 15 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (16 September 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a 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href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/60720/">Ukraine's Yanukovych: EU ties a 'key priority'</a>, Kyiv Post (1 March 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614034828/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/60720/">Archived</a> 14 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=227513">Ukraine vows new page in ties with Russia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225134518/https://www.thenews.com.pk/">Archived</a> 25 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_News_International" title="The News International">The News International</a> (6 March 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-HappyP-139"><a 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href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/68638/">Yanukovych: Recognition of independence of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Kosovo violates international law</a>, Kyiv Post (4 June 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418154703/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/68638/">Archived</a> 18 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ineu2011-143"><a href="#cite_ref-ineu2011_143-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-25/yanukovych-drives-ukraine-toward-eu-as-russian-gas-deal-looms.html">Yanukovych Drives Ukraine Toward EU as Russian Natural Gas Agreement Looms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> (25 May 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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The Economist. 23 November 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Charlemagne%3A+Playing+East+against+West&rft.date=2013-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F21590585-success-eastern-partnership-depends-ukraine-playing-east-against-west%3Ffsrc%3Dscn%2Ffb%2Fwl%2Fpe%2Fplayingeastagainstwest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Traynor_in_Brussels2013" class="citation web cs1">Ian Traynor in Brussels (21 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/ukraine-suspends-preparations-eu-trade-pact">"Ukraine suspends talks on EU trade pact as Putin wins tug of war"</a>. 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Kyiv Post. 22 April 2010. 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Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=With+all+party+lists+ballots+counted%2C+Regions+Party+gets+30%25%2C+Batkivschyna+25.54%25%2C+UDAR+13.96%25%2C+Communists+13.18%25%2C+Svoboda+10.44%25&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fwith-all-party-lists-ballots-counted-regions-party-gets-30-batkivschyna-2554-udar-1396-communists-1318-svoboda-1044-315790.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Umland-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Umland_150-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle">Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083516/http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle">Archived</a> 14 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenDemocracy.net" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDemocracy.net">openDemocracy.net</a> (3 January 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.co.uk-151"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_151-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12171740">Ukraine viewpoint: Novelist Andrey Kurkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (13 January 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12042561">Ukraine ex-PM Tymoshenko charged with misusing funds</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (20 December 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2010-09-29/party-regions-monopolises-power-ukraine#_ftn5">The Party of Regions monopolises power in Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Eastern_Studies" title="Centre for Eastern Studies">Centre for Eastern Studies</a> (29 September 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12219712">Ukraine launches battle against corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (18 January 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11549381">Ukrainians' long wait for prosperity</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (18 October 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/news-points/ukraine-press-censorship-journalists-uncertain-future">Ukraine:Journalists Face Uncertain Future</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204055/http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/news-points/ukraine-press-censorship-journalists-uncertain-future">Archived</a> 5 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Center_on_Crisis_Reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting">Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting</a> (27 October 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/108194/yanukovych-tells-u-k-39-s-cameron-no-fears-for-ukraine-39-s-democracy.html">Yanukovych Tells U.K's Cameron No Fears for Ukraine's Democracy</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Weekly">Turkish Weekly</a> (6 October 2010) [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200422202643/http://www.partyofregions.org.ua/eng/pr-east-west/4d394880be20c/">Yulia Kovalevska:Only some bankrupt politicians try to use the Day of Unification with the aim of self-PR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> official website (21 January 2011) [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/19116.html">President: Ukraine must fulfill its commitments to Council of Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/President.gov.ua" class="mw-redirect" title="President.gov.ua">president.gov.ua</a> (13 January 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140127052632/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/19116.html">Archived</a> 27 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/69573/">Our Ukraine comes to defense of Tymoshenko, Lutsenko, Didenko, Makarenko in statement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120603124713/http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/69573/">Archived</a> 3 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (25 May 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> 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Rowman & Littlefield. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538120484" title="Special:BookSources/9781538120484"><bdi>9781538120484</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1079400660">1079400660</a>. <q>On 20 February 2014, a total of 88 people died in a single day, many of them killed by government snipers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.series=Historical+Dictionaries+of+Europe&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1079400660&rft.isbn=9781538120484&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D21ynDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenguptaJohnston2015" class="citation news cs1">Sengupta, Kim; Johnston, Ian (20 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ukraine-crisis-one-miscalculation-and-britain-faces-existential-threat-our-whole-being-10060709.html">"Ukraine crisis: 'One miscalculation, and Britain faces an existential threat to our whole being...'"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 July 2021. <q>On 20 February 2014, bloodshed reaches its worst since the start of the crisis. At least 88 people are killed in 48 hours in Kiev</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis+in+maps&rft.date=2015-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27308526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodie,2017-206"><a href="#cite_ref-Bodie,2017_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodie2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bodie, Julius (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1751&context=ilr">"Modern Imperialism in Crimea and the Donbas"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ukraine+uprising%3A+The+private+zoo%2C+the+galleon+moored+on+a+private+lake%2C+the+fleet+of+vintage+cars+%E2%80%93+Ukrainians+left+open-mouthed&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft.au=Oliver+Poole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-uprising-the-private-zoo-the-galleon-moored-on-a-private-lake-the-fleet-of-vintage-cars--ukrainians-left-openmouthed-at-the-opulence-of-yanukovychs-country-estate-9146886.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbc_barvikha-240">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rbc_barvikha_240-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbc_barvikha_240-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbc_barvikha_240-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227154300/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/26/02/2014/907430.shtml">"Источники РБК: Виктор Янукович находится в Подмосковье"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RosBusinessConsulting" class="mw-redirect" title="RosBusinessConsulting">RosBusinessConsulting</a> (in Russian). 26 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://top.rbc.ru/politics/26/02/2014/907430.shtml">the original</a> on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RosBusinessConsulting&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%9A%3A+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftop.rbc.ru%2Fpolitics%2F26%2F02%2F2014%2F907430.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aif.ru/euromaidan/uanews/1114300">"Управделами президента РФ: информации о том, что Янукович в Барвихе, нет"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Argumenty_i_Fakty" title="Argumenty i Fakty">Argumenty i Fakty</a>. 26 February 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Argumenty+i+Fakty&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%A4%3A+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%2C+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%2C+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aif.ru%2Feuromaidan%2Fuanews%2F1114300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-notwanted-242"><a href="#cite_ref-notwanted_242-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/05/19/7025792/">Менше 5% українців хочуть повернення Януковича в крісло президента (Fewer than 5% of Ukrainians want the return of Yanukovych to the presidential chair)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (19 May 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/november/tradoc_155103.pdf">"ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part"</a> (PDF). 29 May 2014. p. 2135. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161216151926/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/november/tradoc_155103.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASSOCIATION+AGREEMENT+between+the+European+Union+and+its+Member+States%2C+of+the+one+part%2C+and+Ukraine%2C+of+the+other+part&rft.pages=2135&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrade.ec.europa.eu%2Fdoclib%2Fdocs%2F2016%2Fnovember%2Ftradoc_155103.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://korrespondent.net/ukraine/politics/3312452-yanukovych-kupyl-dom-v-barvykhe-za-52-mln-rossyiskyi-polytyk">"Янукович купил дом в Барвихе за $52 млн – российский политик"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Korrespondent" title="Korrespondent">Korrespondent</a>. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korrespondent&rft.atitle=%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%2452+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BD+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkorrespondent.net%2Fukraine%2Fpolitics%2F3312452-yanukovych-kupyl-dom-v-barvykhe-za-52-mln-rossyiskyi-polytyk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridget_Kendall2014" class="citation news cs1">Bridget Kendall (27 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26367722">"Russia 'grants Ukraine's Viktor Yanukovych protection'"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 17 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+%27grants+Ukraine%27s+Viktor+Yanukovych+protection%27&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft.au=Bridget+Kendall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26367722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.ru/world/txt/361529">"Янукович попросил Россию о защите"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a>. 27 February 2014. 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Retrieved 17 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%98%3A+%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D1%81+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+%E2%80%93+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft.pub=Gazeta.ua&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft.au=%3F+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BA+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazeta.ua%2Fru%2Farticles%2Fpolitics%2F_smi-anukovich-vystupil-s-zayavleniem-schitaet-sebya-prezidentom%2F544558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-upkiis2014AYnP-248"><a href="#cite_ref-upkiis2014AYnP_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabiak2014" class="citation news cs1">Babiak, Mat (19 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrainianpolicy.com/southeast-statistics-of-ukraine-april-2014/">"Southeast Statistics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a>; Ukrainian Policy. Kyiv. Retrieved 20 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+International+Institute+of+Sociology%3B+Ukrainian+Policy&rft.atitle=Southeast+Statistics&rft.date=2014-04-19&rft.aulast=Babiak&rft.aufirst=Mat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukrainianpolicy.com%2Fsoutheast-statistics-of-ukraine-april-2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/yanukovych-herashchenko-russian-citizneship-pshonka-azarov/26618831.html">"Kyiv Says Yanukovych Obtained Russian Citizenship"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kyiv+Says+Yanukovych+Obtained+Russian+Citizenship&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fyanukovych-herashchenko-russian-citizneship-pshonka-azarov%2F26618831.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/en/russia/752596">"No information about Russian citizenship granted to Yanukovych – Kremlin spokesman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ITAR_TASS" class="mw-redirect" title="ITAR TASS">ITAR TASS</a>. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+information+about+Russian+citizenship+granted+to+Yanukovych+%E2%80%93+Kremlin+spokesman&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fen%2Frussia%2F752596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/1670577-yanukovych-status-in-russia-clarified.html">Yanukovych status in Russia clarified</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Independent_Information_Agency" title="Ukrainian Independent Information Agency">Ukrainian Independent Information Agency</a> (9 December 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-glavcom445107-252">^ <a href="#cite_ref-glavcom445107_252-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-glavcom445107_252-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.glavcom.ua/news/yanukovichu-dozvolili-shche-rik-perebuvati-v-rosiji-445107.html">"Yanukovych was allowed to stay in Russia for another year"</a>. 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Meduza tracks down the likely hiding place of Ukraine's ousted former president"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a>. Translated by Kevin Rothrock. 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Ukrayinska Pravda. </li> <li id="cite_note-ITARTASSYanu19312-336">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ITARTASSYanu19312_336-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITARTASSYanu19312_336-1">b</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itar-tass.com/c193/368996.html">Украина надеется на урегулирование газового вопроса с Россией – президент Украины Виктор ЯНУКОВИЧ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_Telegraph_Agency_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Telegraph Agency of Russia">Information Telegraph Agency of Russia</a> (19 March 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-image-337">^ <a href="#cite_ref-image_337-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-image_337-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/56302/">Ukraine's election: portraits of main players</a>, Kyiv Post (1 January 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609121517/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/56302/">Archived</a> 9 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/59923/">Yanukovych faces uphill battle in getting Lviv to accept him</a>, Kyiv Post (18 February 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612031241/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/59923/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/59199/">Popular Rukh of Ukraine calling on political forces to prevent concentration of power in hands of Yanukovych's team</a>, Kyiv Post (10 February 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612025425/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/59199/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.partyofregions.org.ua/eng/pr-east-west/4b7a7a0da3878/">"Viktor Yanukovych: My aim is to build a strong and independent Ukraine. For this purpose I will use all tools"</a>. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viktor+Yanukovych%3A+My+aim+is+to+build+a+strong+and+independent+Ukraine.+For+this+purpose+I+will+use+all+tools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.partyofregions.org.ua%2Feng%2Fpr-east-west%2F4b7a7a0da3878%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍], Party of Regions Official Information Server (16 February 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-LGAWYu-341"><a href="#cite_ref-LGAWYu_341-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yanukovych.com.ua/meet.html">Let's Get Acquainted</a>, Viktor Yanukovych Personal Information Server <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024082219/http://yanukovych.com.ua/meet.html">Archived</a> 24 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/58926/">Exit polls favor Yanukovych in Ukraine race</a>, Kyiv Post (7 February 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612025419/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/58926/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/07/yanukovych-ahead-ukraine-elections">Ukraine set for tilt to east as Russia's ally holds poll lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (7 February 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-WLKuchmalovesYatsenyuk-344"><a href="#cite_ref-WLKuchmalovesYatsenyuk_344-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/92047/">Kuchma: Yanukovych-Tymoshenko contest a choice between 'bad and very bad'</a>, Kyiv Post (3 December 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209050446/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/92047/">Archived</a> 9 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/99517/">Putin shows no respect for Yanukovych, U.S. cable says</a>, Kyiv Post (11 April 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614230339/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/99517/">Archived</a> 14 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikileakgryt-346"><a href="#cite_ref-wikileakgryt_346-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrytsenko2012" class="citation news cs1">Grytsenko, Oksana (23 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124205400/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/121085/">"WikiLeaks: Regions Party partly composed of 'criminals'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/121085/">the original</a> on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=WikiLeaks%3A+Regions+Party+partly+composed+of+%27criminals%27&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft.aulast=Grytsenko&rft.aufirst=Oksana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fdetail%2F121085%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zik.com.ua/en/news/2009/12/21/209492">Tymoshenko challenges Yanukovych to televised debates</a>, Z I K (21 December 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/05/ukraine-russia-relations-viktor-yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych promises Ukraine will embrace Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (5 March 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8685899.stm">Russia's Medvedev in Ukraine visit to boost ties</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (17 May 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/58722/">Yanukovych bullish ahead of runoff</a>, Kyiv Post (4 February 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612025437/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/58722/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/56079/">Tymoshenko slams Yanukovych's gift for gaffe</a>, Kyiv Post (29 December 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612025444/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/56079/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIO-352">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RIO_352-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIO_352-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIO_352-2">c</a> Revolution in Orange, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87003-221-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87003-221-6">0-87003-221-6</a> (page 58 + 59 written by <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kuzio" title="Taras Kuzio">Taras Kuzio</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2004/9/21/12046.htm">Тому що "проффесор"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091124201616/http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2004/9/21/12046.htm">Archived</a> 24 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ukrayinska Pravda. </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/318443-yanukovych-called-chehov-ukrainian-and-russian-great-poet.html">"Yanukovych called Chehov Ukrainian and Russian great poet"</a>. www.unian.info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unian.info&rft.atitle=Yanukovych+called+Chehov+Ukrainian+and+Russian+great+poet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fpolitics%2F318443-yanukovych-called-chehov-ukrainian-and-russian-great-poet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.baltics/c/Gsx8lqneCoQ">"Yanukovich: Chekhov was a great Ukrainian poet"</a>. groups.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=groups.google.com&rft.atitle=Yanukovich%3A+Chekhov+was+a+great+Ukrainian+poet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fg%2Fsoc.culture.baltics%2Fc%2FGsx8lqneCoQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612025437/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/58722/">"Yanukovych bullish ahead of runoff – Feb. 04, 2010"</a>. KyivPost. 4 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/yanukovych-bullish-ahead-of-runoff-58722.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KyivPost&rft.atitle=Yanukovych+bullish+ahead+of+runoff+%E2%80%93+Feb.+04%2C+2010&rft.date=2010-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Farticle%2Fcontent%2Fukraine-politics%2Fyanukovych-bullish-ahead-of-runoff-58722.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zik.com.ua/en/news/2011/01/10/265909">Yatseniuk lashes at Yanukovych for ignoring Greek Catholics</a>. Zik.com.ua. </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/society/stories/03-03-2010/112454-ukraine_yanukovych-0">Ukraine's New President Shows Poor Knowledge of Geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravda.ru" title="Pravda.ru">Pravda.ru</a> (3 March 2010) </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2004/09/22/4381275/">"Потому что "проффесор""</a>. www.pravda.com.ua.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pravda.com.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%22%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Frus%2Fnews%2F2004%2F09%2F22%2F4381275%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/53614/">"Yanukovych: Tigipko, Yatseniuk will take top posts after presidential elections"</a>, Kyiv Post (26 November 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612031715/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/53614/">Archived</a> 12 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxPpH8LJfdg">"5.ua :: Янукович назвав Тимошенко "коровою на льду"</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> (22 September 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov.ua/Sections/Ukraineomni/ukrdebate.htm">Orange Revolution Democracy Emerging in Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321004521/http://www.archives.gov.ua/Sections/Ukraineomni/ukrdebate.htm">Archived</a> 21 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Archives.gov.ua (21 December 2004). </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304026804579410942949193858?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304026804579410942949193858.html">Defiant Yanukovych Emerges in Russia, Vows to Return to Power</a>. The Wall Street Journal (28 February 2014). </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2014/02/28/yanukovych-snaps-pen-in-anger-at-press-conference/">Yanukovych snaps pen in anger at press conference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302180648/http://www.euronews.com/2014/02/28/yanukovych-snaps-pen-in-anger-at-press-conference/">Archived</a> 2 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Euronews (28 February 2014). </li> <li id="cite_note-Yanufewfriends-365"><a href="#cite_ref-Yanufewfriends_365-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/123517/">All In The Family</a>, Kyiv Post (2 March 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601210241/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/123517/">Archived</a> 1 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://razumkov.org.ua/eng/poll.php?poll_id=589">If presidential elections were held next Sunday how would you vote?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150506183555/http://razumkov.org.ua/eng/poll.php?poll_id=589">Archived</a> 6 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Razumkov Centre <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/124236/">Poll: Yanukovych's electoral rating is four percentage points higher than Tymoshenko's</a>, Kyiv Post (14 March 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ratings_of_politicians-367"><a href="#cite_ref-Ratings_of_politicians_367-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/cardiogram/politicians/">Ratings of politicians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129112125/http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/cardiogram/politicians/">Archived</a> 29 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">Sociological group "RATING"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/products/politic/data/entry/13990/">Electoral moods of the Ukrainian 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(2011): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/Opportunity-Ukraine/oclc/826684104">Opportunity Ukraine</a>. Vienna (Mandelbaum Publishing; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85476-379-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85476-379-6">978-3-85476-379-6</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Yanukovych&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Viktor Yanukovych at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Viktor_Yanukovych" class="extiw" title="c:Category: Viktor Yanukovych">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Viktor_Yanukovych" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Viktor Yanukovych">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" class="extiw" title="q:Viktor Yanukovych">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459658" class="extiw" title="d:Q1459658">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209093624/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/">Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine</a> – Archived contents from 9 February 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311092007/http://yanukovich.org/">Yanukovich.org</a> — project created by electronic magazine <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102060435/http://politika.su/">politika.su</a> where they collect information on Yanukovich after 21 February 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006111546/http://www.ditext.com/chrucky/council.html">"All power to councils – not to a President Czar"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308205617/https://twitter.com/Yanukovych_VF">Viktor Yanukovych on Twitter</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110215131815/http://www.partyofregions.org.ua/eng/">"Party of Regions Official Information Server"</a>. Archived from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+of+Regions+Official+Information+Server&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.partyofregions.org.ua%2Feng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViktor+Yanukovych" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125161608/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/57719">Yanukovych's inner circle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (21 January 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/viktor-yanukovych">Collected News and Articles</a> at the Guardian</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yanukovychleaks.org/">yanukovychleaks.org</a> – website dedicated to publishing documents recovered from Mezhyhirya</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-33233716">Interview</a> with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Newsnight" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Newsnight">BBC Newsnight</a> of 22 June 2015</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1012879">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Polyakov" title="Serhii Polyakov">Serhii Polyakov</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Donetsk_Oblast" title="Governor of Donetsk Oblast">Governor of Donetsk Oblast</a> 1997–2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Blyznyuk" title="Anatoliy Blyznyuk">Anatoliy Blyznyuk</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Kinakh" title="Anatoliy Kinakh">Anatoliy Kinakh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister of Ukraine</a> 2002–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a> Acting</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a> Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister of Ukraine</a> 2004–2005 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Yekhanurov" title="Yuriy Yekhanurov">Yuriy Yekhanurov</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister of Ukraine</a> 2006–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a> 2010–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Semynozhenko" title="Volodymyr Semynozhenko">Volodymyr Semynozhenko</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> 2003–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;">Sporting positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fedorenko" title="Ivan Fedorenko">Ivan Fedorenko</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> President of the <a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee_of_Ukraine" title="National Olympic Committee of Ukraine">National Olympic Committee</a> 2002–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Bubka" title="Sergey Bubka">Sergey Bubka</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a> (1918–1919)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kost_Levytsky" title="Kost Levytsky">Kost Levytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Petrushevych" title="Yevhen Petrushevych">Yevhen Petrushevych</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Hetmanate</a> (1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Skoropadskyi" title="Pavlo Skoropadskyi">Pavlo Skoropadskyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a>1 (1920–1992)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Livytskyi" title="Andriy Livytskyi">Andriy Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Vytvytskyi" title="Stepan Vytvytskyi">Stepan Vytvytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Livytskyi" title="Mykola Livytskyi">Mykola Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Plaviuk" title="Mykola Plaviuk">Mykola Plaviuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Ukrainian_Independence,_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Ukrainian Independence, 1941">Ukrainian National Council</a>2 (1941)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kost_Levytsky" title="Kost Levytsky">Kost Levytsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>3 (1922–1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine">First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (since 1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kravchuk" title="Leonid Kravchuk">Leonid Kravchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1Presidents of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile.   2 Chairman of the Ukrainian National Council.   3During the Soviet period the republican leader was the 1st secretary of the party, while a head of state de jure was the chairman of the parliament's presidium.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Ukraine368" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Prime ministers of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Ukraine368" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime ministers of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Ukraine" title="List of prime ministers of Ukraine">List of prime ministers of Ukraine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1920)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Vynnychenko" title="Volodymyr Vynnychenko">Volodymyr Vynnychenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Holubovych" title="Vsevolod Holubovych">Vsevolod Holubovych</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mykola_Sakhno-Ustymovych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych (page does not exist)">Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Vasylenko" title="Mykola Vasylenko">Mykola Vasylenko</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedir_Lyzohub" title="Fedir Lyzohub">Fedir Lyzohub</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serhii_Gerbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serhii Gerbel (page does not exist)">Serhii Gerbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Chekhivskyi" title="Volodymyr Chekhivskyi">Volodymyr Chekhivskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Ostapenko" title="Serhiy Ostapenko">Serhii Ostapenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borys_Mykolaiovych_Martos" class="mw-redirect" title="Borys Mykolaiovych Martos">Borys Martos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaak_Mazepa" title="Isaak Mazepa">Isaak Mazepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Council of Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgenia_Bosch" title="Yevgenia Bosch">Yevgenia Bosch</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Skrypnyk" title="Mykola Skrypnyk">Mykola Skrypnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Pyatakov" title="Georgy Pyatakov">Georgy Pyatakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlas_Chubar" title="Vlas Chubar">Vlas Chubar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panas_Lyubchenko" title="Panas Lyubchenko">Panas Lyubchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Bondarenko" title="Mykhailo Bondarenko">Mykhailo Bondarenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Marchak" title="Mykola Marchak">Mykola Marchak</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Korniyets" title="Leonid Korniyets">Leonid Korniyets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Kalchenko" title="Nikifor Kalchenko">Nikifor Kalchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kazanets" title="Ivan Kazanets">Ivan Kazanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Liashko" title="Oleksandr Liashko">Oleksandr Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Masol" title="Vitaliy Masol">Vitaliy Masol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostyantyn_Masyk" title="Kostyantyn Masyk">Kostyantyn Masyk</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitold_Fokin" title="Vitold Fokin">Vitold Fokin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Government (in exile)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Livytskyi" title="Andriy Livytskyi">Andriy Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylyp_Pylypchuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pylyp Pylypchuk (page does not exist)">Pylyp Pylypchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Livytskyi" title="Andriy Livytskyi">Andriy Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksander_Shulhyn" title="Oleksander Shulhyn">Oleksander Shulhyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andriy_Yakovliv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andriy Yakovliv (page does not exist)">Andriy Yakovliv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostiantyn_Pankivskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostiantyn Pankivskyi (page does not exist)">Kostiantyn Pankivskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaak_Mazepa" title="Isaak Mazepa">Isaak Mazepa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stepan_Baran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stepan Baran (page does not exist)">Stepan Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyrydon_Dovhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyrydon Dovhal (page does not exist)">Spyrydon Dovhal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symon_Sozontiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symon Sozontiv (page does not exist)">Symon Sozontiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Livytskyi" title="Mykola Livytskyi">Mykola Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyrydon_Dovhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyrydon Dovhal (page does not exist)">Spyrydon Dovhal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atanas_Figol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atanas Figol (page does not exist)">Atanas Figol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyrydon_Dovhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyrydon Dovhal (page does not exist)">Spyrydon Dovhal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasyl_Fedoronchuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasyl Fedoronchuk (page does not exist)">Vasyl Fedoronchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teofil_Leontiy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teofil Leontiy (page does not exist)">Teofil Leontiy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Kedryn-Rudnytskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytskyi (page does not exist)">Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teofil_Leontiy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teofil Leontiy (page does not exist)">Teofil Leontiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Rudnyckyj" title="Jaroslav Rudnyckyj">Yaroslav-Bohdan Rudnytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Samiylenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Samiylenko (page does not exist)">Ivan Samiylenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Ukraine">Cabinet of Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitold_Fokin" title="Vitold Fokin">Vitold Fokin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Symonenko" title="Valentyn Symonenko">Valentyn Symonenko</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukhym_Zvyahilsky" title="Yukhym Zvyahilsky">Yukhym Zvyahilsky</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Masol" title="Vitaliy Masol">Vitaliy Masol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Marchuk" title="Yevhen Marchuk">Yevhen Marchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Lazarenko" title="Pavlo Lazarenko">Pavlo Lazarenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Durdynets" title="Vasyl Durdynets">Vasyl Durdynets</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Pustovoitenko" title="Valeriy Pustovoitenko">Valeriy Pustovoitenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Kinakh" title="Anatoliy Kinakh">Anatoliy Kinakh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a>1</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Yekhanurov" title="Yuriy Yekhanurov">Yuriy Yekhanurov</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Honcharuk" title="Oleksiy Honcharuk">Oleksiy Honcharuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 denotes acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election233" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_presidential_election_candidates,_Ukraine" title="Template:2004 presidential election candidates, Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2004_presidential_election_candidates,_Ukraine" title="Template talk:2004 presidential election candidates, Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2004_presidential_election_candidates,_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2004 presidential election candidates, Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2004 Ukrainian presidential election">2004 Ukrainian presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Moroz" title="Oleksandr Moroz">Oleksandr Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Symonenko" title="Petro Symonenko">Petro Symonenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataliya_Vitrenko" title="Nataliya Vitrenko">Nataliya Vitrenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Kinakh" title="Anatoliy Kinakh">Anatoliy Kinakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksander_Mykolayovych_Yakovenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksander Mykolayovych Yakovenko">Oleksandr Yakovenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Omelchenko" title="Oleksandr Omelchenko">Oleksandr Omelchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Chernovetskyi" title="Leonid Chernovetskyi">Leonid Chernovetskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Korchynsky" title="Dmytro Korchynsky">Dmytro Korchynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Chornovil" title="Andriy Chornovil">Andriy Chornovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Hrabar" title="Mykola Hrabar">Mykola Hrabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Brodskyy" title="Mykhailo Brodskyy">Mykhailo Brodskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Zbitnyev" title="Yuriy Zbitnyev">Yuriy Zbitnyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Komisarenko" title="Serhiy Komisarenko">Serhiy Komisarenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Volha" title="Vasyl Volha">Vasyl Volha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Boyko" title="Bohdan Boyko">Bohdan Boyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Rzhavskyy" title="Oleksandr Rzhavskyy">Oleksandr Rzhavskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Rohozhynskyy" title="Mykola Rohozhynskyy">Mykola Rohozhynskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladyslav_Kryvobokov" title="Vladyslav Kryvobokov">Vladyslav Kryvobokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Bazylyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Bazylyuk">Oleksandr Bazylyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Dushyn" title="Ihor Dushyn">Ihor Dushyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Mykolayovych_Kozak" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Mykolayovych Kozak">Roman Kozak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Nechyporuk" title="Volodymyr Nechyporuk">Volodymyr Nechyporuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Withdrew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hryhoriy_Chernysh" title="Hryhoriy Chernysh">Hryhoriy Chernysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Kononov" title="Vitaliy Kononov">Vitaliy Kononov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Orange_Revolution" title="Timeline of the Orange Revolution">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_presidential_election_candidates,_Ukraine" title="Template:2010 presidential election candidates, Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2010_presidential_election_candidates,_Ukraine" title="Template talk:2010 presidential election candidates, Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2010_presidential_election_candidates,_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2010 presidential election candidates, Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">2010 Ukrainian presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Tihipko" title="Serhiy Tihipko">Serhiy Tihipko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Symonenko" title="Petro Symonenko">Petro Symonenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Lytvyn" title="Volodymyr Lytvyn">Volodymyr Lytvyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Hrytsenko" title="Anatoliy Hrytsenko">Anatoliy Hrytsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inna_Bohoslovska" title="Inna Bohoslovska">Inna Bohoslovska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Moroz" title="Oleksandr Moroz">Oleksandr Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Kostenko" title="Yuriy Kostenko">Yuriy Kostenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liudmyla_Suprun" title="Liudmyla Suprun">Liudmyla Suprun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Humenyuk" title="Vasyl Humenyuk">Vasyl Humenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pabat" title="Oleksandr Pabat">Oleksandr Pabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Ratushniak" title="Serhiy Ratushniak">Serhiy Ratushniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Brodskyy" title="Mykhailo Brodskyy">Mykhailo Brodskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Riabokon" title="Oleg Riabokon">Oleg Riabokon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity221" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euromaidan" title="Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euromaidan" title="Template talk:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity221" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>21 November 2013 – 23 February 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Euromaidan" title="Timeline of the Euromaidan">Timeline of the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Euromaidan" title="Domestic responses to the Euromaidan">Domestic responses to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Euromaidan" title="International reactions to the Euromaidan">International reactions to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_during_the_2013%E2%80%932014_Ukraine_crisis" title="Casualties during the 2013–2014 Ukraine crisis">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_casualties" title="Maidan casualties">Heavenly Hundred</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Heavenly_Hundred_Heroes" title="Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes">Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Damaged communist monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_EU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/89px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/134px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/178px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_December_2013_Euromaidan_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots">1 December 2013 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin_monument,_Kyiv" title="Vladimir Lenin monument, Kyiv">Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_December_2013_Euromaidan_assault" title="11 December 2013 Euromaidan assault">11 December 2013 assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_December_2013_Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_action_plan" title="17 December 2013 Russian–Ukrainian action plan">Ukrainian–Russian action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_terrorists_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasylkiv terrorists case">Vasylkiv terrorists case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-protest_laws_in_Ukraine" title="Anti-protest laws in Ukraine">Anti-protest laws in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hrushevskoho_Street_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots">2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Euromaidan_regional_state_administration_occupations" title="2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations">2014 RSA occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration_in_Ukraine" title="Lustration in Ukraine">Lustration in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014 Ukrainian presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2014 Ukrainian local elections">2014 Ukrainian local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kyiv_local_election" title="2014 Kyiv local election">2014 Kyiv local election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">2014 Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Maidan Nezalezhnosti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhyhirya_Residence" title="Mezhyhirya Residence">Mezhyhirya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khreshchatyk" title="Khreshchatyk">Khreshchatyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lypky" title="Lypky">Lypky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankova_Street" title="Bankova Street">Bankova Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Square_(Kyiv)" title="European Square (Kyiv)">European Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrushevsky_Street_(Kyiv)" title="Hrushevsky Street (Kyiv)">Hrushevskoho Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Lobanovskyi_Dynamo_Stadium" title="Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium">Dynamo Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">Kyiv City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unions_Building_(Kyiv)" title="Trade Unions Building (Kyiv)">Trade Unions Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_House" title="Ukrainian House">Ukrainian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariinskyi_Park" title="Mariinskyi Park">Mariinskyi Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Palace" title="October Palace">October Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Conservatory">Kyiv Conservatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">European integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_People%27s_Union" title="Maidan People's Union">Maidan People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> opposition parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Ukraine)" title="Democratic Alliance (Ukraine)">Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">UNA–UNSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Ukraine)#United_Left_and_Peasants" title="Justice Party (Ukraine)">United Left and Peasants</a></li></ul></li> <li>Civic organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automaidan" title="Automaidan">Automaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Control" title="Road Control">Road Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidsich" title="Vidsich">Vidsich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li>Militant groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Resistance" title="Autonomous Resistance">Autonomous Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilna_Sprava" title="Spilna Sprava">Spilna Sprava</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Sadovyi" title="Andriy Sadovyi">Andriy Sadovyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslana" title="Ruslana">Ruslana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetiana_Chornovol" title="Tetiana Chornovol">Tetiana Chornovol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Bulatov" title="Dmytro Bulatov">Dmytro Bulatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Anti-protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_government" title="Second Azarov government">Second Azarov government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Ukraine" title="Internal Troops of Ukraine">Internal Troops of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya_(Ukraine)" title="Militsiya (Ukraine)">Militsiya (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titushky" title="Titushky">Titushky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimaidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimaidan">Antimaidan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Zakharchenko" title="Vitaliy Zakharchenko">Vitaliy Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yefremov" title="Oleksandr Yefremov">Oleksandr Yefremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Klyuyev" title="Andriy Klyuyev">Andriy Klyuyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Dobkin" title="Mykhailo Dobkin">Mykhailo Dobkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pshonka" title="Viktor Pshonka">Viktor Pshonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Lukash" title="Olena Lukash">Olena Lukash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Boyko" title="Yuriy Boyko">Yuriy Boyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kozhara" title="Leonid Kozhara">Leonid Kozhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Tabachnyk" title="Dmytro Tabachnyk">Dmytro Tabachnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Klymenko_(politician)" title="Oleksandr Klymenko (politician)">Oleksandr Klymenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459658#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2063" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459658#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2063" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459658#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114469916">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/67642667">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/305936431">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1899918/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjJ3qF9FxtR9XrwprdQDYK">WorldCat</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwtppBWHDkrdrrHxtptrq">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13299125X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2004104375">United States</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2013075510">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a 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