CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133c7273c3b3e14',cH: 'SzEPQ0lnQF3gZj._9_OGez6bjaaXfez8Jnb89go5kkw-1739774342-1.2.1.1-DjSd5Kl2pCDvnAdIjYw75xkbH51mOzfwUI0QgfTV6u4_4gJQEmJJqDIhhhPnkdb8',cUPMDTk: "\/10008988\/iso690?__cf_chl_tk=3w6qiBYsC4GrX0T34SBDhMiSjdMJwz6F3l2HhCiuqoc-1739774342-1.0.1.1-ACTrL9viySbn1r8eJOAlBEecp4UZzgWQMFWK2FogbDU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739774342',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10008988\/iso690?__cf_chl_f_tk=3w6qiBYsC4GrX0T34SBDhMiSjdMJwz6F3l2HhCiuqoc-1739774342-1.0.1.1-ACTrL9viySbn1r8eJOAlBEecp4UZzgWQMFWK2FogbDU",md: "QH2GfyctpjaeBW_Qp_I2nv2jbxYFwHme0rD.eC5Jpqg-1739774342-1.2.1.1-OwUBEFKywi40Q4IwwPUepm.J08oP5Nv06r3ZZUB3cIqeUENoatUMfegqVATYh8J39JJoLwZvTSrA__UMuXWaZq_Z9kuMJNeyaDru2PLlAEMyzyBrFxDl7Fmh9tfgv5Qs43fA_0Tafzss6oe_Qx0JP8KpB_tLceuWrsAj3KmALKlG4QFpqzSUeFK1sfHwbBp6t9qXW7yJXirradLVy.dEPWF5lg7VsvyS6eIC5pHF6SXXgb9llE3Tw6.YtktllF3SwnbKmjhjRRuJ_i9FinMcA4El5UEwpP9OwZMzLhLkxQTOIpT_qMQyQZxNvKuSlzKqkAx8OxR9e5MEqPONzVElJqEsA7jdzdwgv3E4O0DKf0JNuMuYy6XNah1d3jwTjeFQ0JcfcN1PY0nimM2KCd5uoFZT_FcQFWw22QUjaOarWAWM1swQ8.Lu8DhR_tdzRV72UGf397NWTsdox4A9xJoDRbmm7VJSoEL993qWi10ZkPAAxvLH4qpuUbSg.hz2Vcy8XUj_qokAQz8YR8ryrXH.wI8KP5lhmG.XYhlSvCtyknRS3KST_Z_lECA4Axd40NzQjfodUtWvLFvIerIyB_O09vjSuZd5pZfOEAPVQm0VindvpUFrUZpuNYDOn59C2a4ZaJSBetl3_Opk4W8VktFwXmt0_94Krgq1ykapAvKBMc1IHRhGibcrSjOj3Z7IevzAFVV71976MJ_BjeQz2nZnY3CkSzB6xWKqq3kgHTmPKII230hrdhYDaY0dRzsdiSlwcPpA3tfNJfeCHglq_KAsqgn791OuoMciCMLvsOi_2TaOLbN0ZosLbw6ADpj.T0J3KaxIhjPXvbR5PGFuIbWWjYaYdfrgxYP6I0TrmE8l.LxyyZiJJwqN.hxszgg1rXA.kkwN1AGvymB3CsQ9mG3ruQpTcS7zucs_fg.PzgsDwvn2jdjnsxX8pZnCKhBQ1CPMN5hU8UiYTWV1iRjw2stQ08nlzE35X27Jxll1nXrgB2KdTToOYPpI4vhI0ef_UmKw5mvTaLLp5h2WPnPcL.oKWe.tfIvRE5zfYENQhi6yX_BZLreOwZBKl9lHueSlhW7Nfyjf1DT_bGjRjHJabqnS1D_GDmv.del1q9yUQje8CAizrjIjgbSQzpfdIwku0O.l1SIz06.p0pxmlRCbCaHXZHqncoeuiWWrfENVoErM.Zjcm97c7FOtKufAiKmc3M5TzDbTmLwRk2C29rg3pAAwA_leOu8356sj0m7jfGYccpQiiurgo2WL1DJITWguGGJuMqZUgTN4Izptbz7AIpEBiycm_8_6bhs_StX0688ckYRxaW7MCvlja6cU1vwqzlgr3RCkjh2pWpZYR5jxMQdOrgbefqWljUWnh8yCrUvXl3Pp6QNFUwFaXZqd6eBAbpHhJueEn.HsWcxaeGQuUOWpYjW5yLBcltB1ZG3Q7Oj5GAhZtQzKGAQyJcJ7GO.ddybFtVEfZJGanC6uRMLwKA_T_zaKdgjNOIXyUzkH5n4ZK5f3si5RvVwlJuYrhi_Jf80EIYyv4LJF2yLHzv2SrfRh2ZsTQVdKg6dGyRlqMm.jT91bcUq0DkjwOqE6fnjtnvdYtsRPDyXd5z6vtyLgE47eVQYU8fwoG1E6IAL8wSG3yH1egUabgeMiecJsuArelTR3z4ExjCMGhAiGIB.rNWctqd9KMDaT8tGRzlDSCIq_8SDeN76m1UVxU.lGzi5ZwmFWoyu6pB0lJAZXF6aK5aAV5QkvqEZnec2JlSj0Q_i7Bqsj_AwCTg1FB0hf7OxCNBzrQ5mHIP7AodmK79bzIwa_1wvRrrLSnz3X1D4FIrAfRy114LakLgQfuv9MYw8zoacPoqRSV8f9ZTNeIHSP1J5RmRX1x8GDgTrs9YkEQ5o8FYA",mdrd: "C7IRIP8FrpRansUhqRLFy_3my5lJZMiic1F_MQIYTy0-1739774342-1.2.1.1-6qUd2SVZBYV7ovL6LCasCveTlKJJV2kudi1qOGqVXQ44YI.Qp2VZTFI5tskUHtyaJKTDXaGxy6Dpk1G8Q_LfQltT6dMogJEvj2ul.rfQ0Lya0CeqToY1UayIoHiFWjJ9EY7FvJQO0R0oki0WEzwJnDPU2NXmD6QQ5XOABdDh.4mWhLeA2lPlTaRsPmyJyc.Qk_YST.Cx.HKywbPxPFLkGxM3ZCuE1MUbiyNWg04mw2um3YoQhV2G9MsHXo.mEGRy9tF0tv3WqbuADMrHMQF.ItsBEuhFRO1m4XtG7ys1N3.EkcfCQpG42QUfjOLkkuOp4b80n7h8M7diwE8ZPezun4wY42jkU8jSnyPWksUcOpREeM3JY__YqVQLbTY5Dc_LNewVFx4AC9eJii_nnghsmQdhvkRMMWhQ0ZRJ54EcuO914IZmbOk_tMUAFzCt_KSNDHaCxFHltm11PT.Hc_ZYsb4uXCnDUbPvVdwNHNU3tkKZ7woJ3XfIQMX_1uvHuziq6wvY4g4.inRTMtdSJytWvzq47O5Iy_vhqs9xA3OTFKSMmaPhdZWLDx1cphInSTXjvfSWRO4JjxVYo1nkp8EBN_gFfAasW_v_VN87Uq2bwOQ..8RBOH6mZIWNzM6NDtX3SfltmmCZia9KlDxGrsxG4DCJEJjOs2u5677qkh2s5m9EA7pZ2WlzJ_L.dNMNjiVEd8g7csvA8U_VsL71ivWkMaUWZnSQ_299D9nzw2opDqC7kCMGS_9R3W4rwEe3GRSBBfAjSONOhxYDpLfLDquw3nK52cUVN9RcnPAk9tfATF.L2rOZw6r3vjYfsQac.lYdyu8F5IDflj36wzJlWEwAS6l27q2oOHcwuenVhZdFlqPHEEMCyN0ALKp17aUUgeDuyjQ_tKEDmnpCQIohdljA06eFiM4AMqhp9B5xcrlz9LPLKaZz_A5k13AmsHcshQdGXGMM.AiT81gdtY0rxDoC3RxmkrO7CX.OigHbKM7GCl180WD6SXarXe3hoq7Cf2UVV4VUCFkM8djewNuJ_rsmBT2cEsGhmwPJBD0sFcfSh.5O3zmCi.96TBAvLAC5a2rN1lYy3lfNQXE5LyQccvIMHKW1vKGP5fWnzryOpTARsiiYq7aIxWV9T817w73PSwYeAmtUrJCTssqaRdXUhkPKw7B4tV7PS8Zy5JKFrhpz9VBBVJcwVqON0mNMIhRqrQywnkV07HPRExBkcSeB6SfMB0lzpyBvOeOTu1O8aFwr_xlRlTsml4OXSR.XLgtJ_4zFH5Jc5eMRxWoE7wInwdoe5XBcSflTACw7kRXuxgVrbTqRhLfOf3_tkXYPm0oSs.euGxW9gejCPKPzy4bGfrpOHkG81ka6FVBpmqtfyBImuSXl9BZ4aOJ21UMgPszUNDb2W7XD7k99FcjhVLtPr8vkV9_vtKqCM06wg.NsEaoPd9UfWa59TnddhkA1t.TvYDVqZENWcsxpMrhV.yxmxIJfioEyghnr6LUg0Lu76ML1q5g8NIcsBhpz6h2ZiEFO4cw2bdJHiMCqmKWD5ADUgoNDyD0oYDhh9vuttU_bAL7bhqRBrC0MWVCMQgeqBAe6d.7PECzJSzbysk1QncYpQdl1zUMq2eOaP7jHiOmW8qG5Do0YQTGKmLhFt4c_5igTQHN5Vz8j935w0fiEMMYmqDAF9Bg99Fnqs3wViItPuv49PVNXGDrdXfIjwV.lNi9Ucx.Ab4eEXMWad0J9SXRaRk_FJXyjn9k.tMQikuC0cRwQhsP.hPduo23ORfYnI_e8xaDu6xu34nfvL16cATCH28rnmWf9Yuc2PyOzeNShX0feJ_wWcPDNxSQfYxpSsj4t3XbZfHiyGEMbdS3l6BdJZ6f.o.MQ.2hAQutGG5x4zEArtK5TEDpQagMNYL88aqdXdBmn7UcfBtItY7GRl0RidZdGGMkdoq90v0g00W_ohCyXdMcvcV_CnlR0f7xQmR4ZmMrP"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133c7273c3b3e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10008988\/iso690?__cf_chl_rt_tk=3w6qiBYsC4GrX0T34SBDhMiSjdMJwz6F3l2HhCiuqoc-1739774342-1.0.1.1-ACTrL9viySbn1r8eJOAlBEecp4UZzgWQMFWK2FogbDU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>