YUV - Wikipedia

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id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemi_luminanza/crominanza,_aspetti_generali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemi_luminanza/crominanza,_aspetti_generali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sistemi luminanza/crominanza, aspetti generali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemi_luminanza/crominanza,_aspetti_generali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confusione_con_Y'CbCr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confusione_con_Y'CbCr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Confusione con Y'CbCr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confusione_con_Y'CbCr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversione_da/a_RGB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversione_da/a_RGB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conversione da/a RGB</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversione_da/a_RGB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipi_di_campionamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipi_di_campionamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tipi di campionamento</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tipi_di_campionamento-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Tipi di campionamento</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tipi_di_campionamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BT.709_e_BT.601" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BT.709_e_BT.601"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>BT.709 e BT.601</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BT.709_e_BT.601-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approssimazioni_numeriche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approssimazioni_numeriche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Approssimazioni numeriche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approssimazioni_numeriche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">YUV</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 17 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%8A" title="واي يو في - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واي يو في" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV-Farbmodell" title="YUV-Farbmodell - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="YUV-Farbmodell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%E2%80%B2UV" title="Y′UV - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Y′UV" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUV" title="YUV - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="YUV" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1455711#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/YUV" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:YUV" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/YUV"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/YUV"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/YUV" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/YUV" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&oldid=141187876" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=YUV&id=141187876&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYUV"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYUV"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=YUV"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=YUV&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:YUV" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1455711" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento elettronica <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YUV_UV_plane.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/YUV_UV_plane.svg/310px-YUV_UV_plane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/YUV_UV_plane.svg/465px-YUV_UV_plane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/YUV_UV_plane.svg/620px-YUV_UV_plane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Esempio del piano colore U-V, il valore Y è 0.5, rappresentato all'interno del gamut RGB.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barn-yuv.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Barn-yuv.png/150px-Barn-yuv.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="449" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Barn-yuv.png/225px-Barn-yuv.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Barn-yuv.png/300px-Barn-yuv.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption>L'immagine completa, in alto, è poi scomposta in Y, U e V.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo <b>YUV</b> è uno <a href="/wiki/Spazio_colore" class="mw-redirect" title="Spazio colore">spazio colore</a> utilizzato per la codifica di immagini o video. Concepito per rispecchiare il comportamento della visione umana, permette una <a href="/wiki/Larghezza_di_banda" title="Larghezza di banda">larghezza di banda</a> della <a href="/wiki/Crominanza" title="Crominanza">crominanza</a> ridotta: questa tecnica permette una mascheratura più efficiente di eventuali errori di trasmissione o artefatti di compressione, rispetto a una rappresentazione <a href="/wiki/RGB" title="RGB">RGB</a> diretta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologia">Terminologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Terminologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Terminologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I termini Y'UV, YUV, <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> e <a href="/wiki/YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YPbPr</a> non sempre sono chiari e il loro utilizzo dà luogo a sovrapposizioni. Da un punto di vista storico, i termini YUV e Y'UV si riferiscono alla codifica utilizzata per trasmissione a colori analogica secondo standard ben specifici, mentre”YCbCr” si riferisce alla codifica digitale di video e immagini, come per esempio negli schemi di compressione <a href="/wiki/MPEG" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> e <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>. In epoca moderna, il termine YUV è di uso comune in informatica per descrivere file che contengono video codificato secondo il modello YCbCr. </p><p>Il modello Y'UV definisce uno <a href="/wiki/Spazio_colore" class="mw-redirect" title="Spazio colore">spazio colore</a> utilizzando un componente di <a href="/wiki/Luminanza_(video)" title="Luminanza (video)">luminanza</a> (Y') e due componenti di <a href="/wiki/Crominanza" title="Crominanza">crominanza</a> (UV). Questo modello è utilizzato negli standard di televisione analogica <a href="/wiki/PAL_(televisione)" title="PAL (televisione)">PAL</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%89CAM" title="SÉCAM">SÉCAM</a>, mentre la televisione in bianco e nero utilizzava solo il componente Y'. Le informazioni di colore U e V sono aggiunte separatamente tramite una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sottoportante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sottoportante (la pagina non esiste)">sottoportante</a>, in modo da conservare la compatibilità con ricevitori in bianco e nero. La notazione Y' (luma) differisce da Y (luminanza) in quanto la prima è corretta in <a href="/wiki/Correzione_di_gamma" title="Correzione di gamma">gamma</a> (da cui il simbolo “'”),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e rappresenta quindi un valore di tensione elettrica, mentre la seconda si riferisce a un intento percettivo. </p><p>Il modello <a href="/wiki/YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YPbPr</a>, utilizzato nel video analogico a <a href="/wiki/Video_a_componenti" title="Video a componenti">componenti</a>, e la sua versione digitale <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> sono derivate dal modello Y'UV, e talvolta chiamate allo stesso modo. (C<sub>B</sub>/P<sub>B</sub> e C<sub>R</sub>/P<sub>R</sub> sono deviazioni dal grigio sugli assi blu-giallo e rosso-cyan, mentre U e V sono differenze di colore tra blu e rosso e il segnale di luminanza). Lo spazio colore <a href="/w/index.php?title=YIQ_(video)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YIQ (video) (la pagina non esiste)">Y'IQ</a> utilizzato nella televisione analogica <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> è correlato allo Y'UV, seppure in una maniera più complessa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo Y'UV fu progettato allo scopo di permettere la trasmissione televisiva a colori, pur conservando la compatibilità con le infrastrutture esistenti, in bianco e nero.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questa esigenza comportava la necessità di conservare il segnale di luma Y' già esistente, per cui venne sviluppata una tecnica per aggiungervi i due segnali di crominanza UV. </p><p>Come già accennato, U e V sono due segnali di differenza cromatica e, a differenza dei segnali R e B completi, richiedono molta meno banda per essere trasmessi. Se si considera il caso limite di una trasmissione in bianco e nero, i segnali U e V non comportano alcuna modulazione aggiuntiva, mentre i segnali R e B richiederebbero comunque la banda piena. Per quanto ormai obsoleta, questa caratteristica del modello fu particolarmente importante all'epoca dello sviluppo del sistema, poiché garantiva la possibilità ai nuovi televisori a colori di ricevere i tradizionali segnali in bianco e nero già esistenti, senza dover implementare alcuna circuiteria aggiuntiva. Allo stesso tempo, i televisori in bianco e nero già esistenti avrebbero potuto semplicemente ignorare i segnali di crominanza ed utilizzare il segnale Y' comunque trasmesso. </p><p>Da ricordare anche il fatto che i segnali già trasmessi in bianco e nero occupavano già tutta la banda disponibile sul canale: la mancanza di spazio aggiuntivo rese necessario assegnare una banda minore alla sottoportante di crominanza. L'uso dei segnali UV rispondeva anche a questa esigenza, senza sacrificare la risoluzione disponibile per il segnale Y'.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemi_luminanza/crominanza,_aspetti_generali"><span id="Sistemi_luminanza.2Fcrominanza.2C_aspetti_generali"></span>Sistemi luminanza/crominanza, aspetti generali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Sistemi luminanza/crominanza, aspetti generali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemi luminanza/crominanza, aspetti generali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il vantaggio principale dei sistemi luma/chroma come lo Y'UV e i suoi derivati <a href="/w/index.php?title=YIQ_(video)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YIQ (video) (la pagina non esiste)">Y'IQ</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=YDbDr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YDbDr (la pagina non esiste)">YDbDr</a>, è la compatibilità con i sistemi in bianco e nero (in buona parte dovuta al lavoro di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Valensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Valensi (la pagina non esiste)">Georges Valensi</a>). Il canale Y' conserva quasi tutti i dati ripresi dalle telecamere in bianco e nero, e produce un segnale adatto alla ricezione su vecchi sistemi, semplicemente scartando i canali U e V. Su un televisore a colori, sono utilizzati tutti e tre i canali, ripristinando le informazioni originali RGB. </p><p>Un altro vantaggio dello Y'UV è la compressione, e il conseguente notevole risparmio di <a href="/wiki/Banda_passante" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda passante">banda passante</a>, che si ottiene scartando alcune informazioni di colore cui l'occhio umano non è molto sensibile. Buona parte del dettaglio percepito, infatti, è data dalle informazioni sui livelli luminosi presenti nel segnale di luminanza. Di conseguenza, i segnali U e V possono essere compressi in maniera sostanziale. Nei sistemi <a href="/wiki/PAL_(televisione)" title="PAL (televisione)">PAL</a> e <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>(YIQ) la crominanza occupa una banda notevolmente inferiore a quella della luminanza. Questa caratteristica è stata mantenuta in tutti i sistemi analogici e anche nella maggior parte di quelli digitali, dove si usa il <a href="/wiki/Sottocampionamento_della_crominanza" title="Sottocampionamento della crominanza">sottocampionamento della crominanza</a>, dimezzando la risoluzione delle informazioni di colore. Questo schema, noto come <a href="/wiki/4:2:2" class="mw-redirect" title="4:2:2">4:2:2</a>, è il più comune. Dal punto di vista storico, è interessante notare la notazione 4:x:x che deriva dai primi sistemi NTSC che campionavano le informazioni di colore a una risoluzione pari a un quarto di quelle luminanza (4:1:1). Solo i sistemi di alta gamma, a tutt'oggi, sono in grado di campionare le informazioni di luminanza e crominanza con la stessa risoluzione (4:4:4). </p><p>Gli assi I e Q furono scelti, di nuovo, in base alle caratteristiche della visione umana, con un asse richiedente la maggiore larghezza di banda e l'altro, per una fortunata coincidenza a 90°, la minore. Tuttavia, la demodulazione di questi assi è abbastanza complessa e richiede due linee di ritardo analogiche: una tecnologia costosa per l'epoca, che i televisori NTSC raramente utilizzavano. </p><p>La compressione effettuata sui canali U e V è del tipo <a href="/wiki/Compressione_lossy" class="mw-redirect" title="Compressione lossy">a perdita di informazioni</a> e questo comporta un peggioramento della qualità del segnale, particolarmente evidente nei fenomeni di <a href="/wiki/Battimenti_(musica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battimenti (musica)">battimento</a> che si possono verificare, ulteriormente peggiorata dalla miscelazione nel segnale <a href="/wiki/Video_composito" title="Video composito">video composito</a>. Per quanto all'epoca della progettazione degli standard di trasmissione analogica questo aspetto non fosse particolarmente importante, con il tempo la qualità dei televisori è migliorata molto e il calo qualitativo rispetto a un segnale diretto RGB è facilmente osservabile. Lo Y'UV non è uno <a href="/wiki/Spazio_colore" class="mw-redirect" title="Spazio colore">spazio colore</a> di tipo assoluto. È un modo per codificare le informazioni RGB, e il colore che viene visualizzato al termine della catena dipende in realtà dal sistema utilizzato per visualizzarlo. Di conseguenza, un valore espresso come Y'UV può essere stabilito a priori solo se vengono usati coloranti standard RGB (per esempio, un insieme specifico di rosso, verde e blu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confusione_con_Y'CbCr"><span id="Confusione_con_Y.27CbCr"></span>Confusione con Y'CbCr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Confusione con Y'CbCr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Confusione con Y'CbCr"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo YUV è usato molto spesso come sinonimo di <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a>. Si tratta tuttavia di formati differenti, uno analogico e l'altro digitale, con fattori di scalatura diversi tra loro.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nei sistemi digitali, il modello Y'CbCr è il più comunemente utilizzato sia per la compressione che per la trasmissione, in particolare per le applicazioni video ma anche più in generale ogni volta che si trattino immagini. È piuttosto frequente nei sistemi informatici usare il termine YUV al posto del corretto Y'CbCr, e questa pratica è probabilmente all'origine della confusione. Per esempio, il diffuso sistema di compressione <a href="/wiki/MPEG" title="MPEG">MPEG</a>, utilizzato nei DVD e nella <a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">trasmissione digitale</a>, utilizza di solito un modello Y'CrCb, ma viene spesso indicato come YUV. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversione_da/a_RGB"><span id="Conversione_da.2Fa_RGB"></span>Conversione da/a RGB</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Conversione da/a RGB" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Conversione da/a RGB"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>i segnali sono tipicamente creati da una sorgente <a href="/wiki/RGB" title="RGB">RGB</a>, i cui valori pesati sono sommati per produrre Y', che rappresenta i livelli luminosi complessivi. I segnali U e V sono calcolati come differenze tra il segnale Y e gli originali R e B. </p><p>Date le seguenti costanti: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}W_{R}&=0.299\\W_{B}&=0.114\\W_{G}&=1-W_{R}-W_{B}=0.587\\U_{Max}&=0.436\\V_{Max}&=0.615\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.299</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.114</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.587</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.436</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.615</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}W_{R}&=0.299\\W_{B}&=0.114\\W_{G}&=1-W_{R}-W_{B}=0.587\\U_{Max}&=0.436\\V_{Max}&=0.615\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97f39a82a9d1ae656791b8a194223cb8a10cff4f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.838ex; width:31.791ex; height:14.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}W_{R}&=0.299\\W_{B}&=0.114\\W_{G}&=1-W_{R}-W_{B}=0.587\\U_{Max}&=0.436\\V_{Max}&=0.615\end{aligned}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>lo Y'UV è calcolato da RGB come segue: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y'&=W_{R}R+W_{G}G+W_{B}B\\U&=U_{Max}{\frac {B-Y'}{1-W_{B}}}\\V&=V_{Max}{\frac {R-Y'}{1-W_{R}}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>G</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y'&=W_{R}R+W_{G}G+W_{B}B\\U&=U_{Max}{\frac {B-Y'}{1-W_{B}}}\\V&=V_{Max}{\frac {R-Y'}{1-W_{R}}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8e9766788a2c4b92c75fc2c0dd08553dd68b520" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.625ex; margin-bottom: -0.213ex; width:28.535ex; height:14.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y'&=W_{R}R+W_{G}G+W_{B}B\\U&=U_{Max}{\frac {B-Y'}{1-W_{B}}}\\V&=V_{Max}{\frac {R-Y'}{1-W_{R}}}\end{aligned}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Da cui risultano ampiezze di segnali rispettivamente per Y', U e V di [0, 1], [-<i>U</i><sub>Max</sub>, <i>U</i><sub>Max</sub>], e [-<i>V</i><sub>Max</sub>, <i>V</i><sub>Max</sub>]. </p><p>Il processo inverso converte da Y'UV a RGB: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}R&=Y'+V{\frac {1-W_{R}}{V_{Max}}}\\G&=Y'-U{\frac {W_{B}(1-W_{B})}{U_{Max}W_{G}}}-V{\frac {W_{R}(1-W_{R})}{V_{Max}W_{G}}}\\B&=Y'+U{\frac {1-W_{B}}{U_{Max}}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}R&=Y'+V{\frac {1-W_{R}}{V_{Max}}}\\G&=Y'-U{\frac {W_{B}(1-W_{B})}{U_{Max}W_{G}}}-V{\frac {W_{R}(1-W_{R})}{V_{Max}W_{G}}}\\B&=Y'+U{\frac {1-W_{B}}{U_{Max}}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a2647174bf7b35022c04a9d6ffa1f8b1a4dd3065" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.338ex; width:45.502ex; height:17.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}R&=Y'+V{\frac {1-W_{R}}{V_{Max}}}\\G&=Y'-U{\frac {W_{B}(1-W_{B})}{U_{Max}W_{G}}}-V{\frac {W_{R}(1-W_{R})}{V_{Max}W_{G}}}\\B&=Y'+U{\frac {1-W_{B}}{U_{Max}}}\end{aligned}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Sostituendo i valori alle costanti ed esprimendoli come matrice, si ha: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.299&0.587&0.114\\-0.14713&-0.28886&0.436\\0.615&-0.51499&-0.10001\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.299</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.587</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.114</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.14713</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.28886</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.436</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.615</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.51499</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.10001</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.299&0.587&0.114\\-0.14713&-0.28886&0.436\\0.615&-0.51499&-0.10001\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4cc53c0bbeaa67907cc892a075e7246a79a645b8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:52.001ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.299&0.587&0.114\\-0.14713&-0.28886&0.436\\0.615&-0.51499&-0.10001\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&1.13983\\1&-0.39465&-0.58060\\1&2.03211&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1.13983</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.39465</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.58060</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>2.03211</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&1.13983\\1&-0.39465&-0.58060\\1&2.03211&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/04ae31fe92e8bc72a285f180ce89b8235122a71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:43.734ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&1.13983\\1&-0.39465&-0.58060\\1&2.03211&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>I pesi usati per calcolare Y' (riga superiore della matrice) sono identici a quelli usati per lo spazio colore <a href="/w/index.php?title=YIQ_(video)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YIQ (video) (la pagina non esiste)">Y'IQ</a>. </p><p>Valori uguali di rosso, verde e blu (cioè, livelli di grigio) risultano in U e V pari a 0. Il nero, RGB=(0, 0, 0), risulta in YUV=(0, 0, 0). Il bianco, RGB=(1, 1, 1), risulta in YUV=(1, 0, 0). </p><p>Queste sono le formule tradizionali utilizzate nelle televisioni e in generale nelle attrezzature analogiche. I sistemi digitali, come quelli utilizzati per l'<a href="/wiki/HDTV" title="HDTV">alta definizione</a> e le telecamere digitali usano il modello Y'CbCr. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Piani UV nella gamma [-1,1]</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YUV_UV_plane_Y0_100_percent.png" class="mw-file-description" title="valore Y' a 0"><img alt="valore Y' a 0" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/YUV_UV_plane_Y0_100_percent.png/120px-YUV_UV_plane_Y0_100_percent.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/YUV_UV_plane_Y0_100_percent.png/180px-YUV_UV_plane_Y0_100_percent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/YUV_UV_plane_Y0_100_percent.png/240px-YUV_UV_plane_Y0_100_percent.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">valore Y' a 0</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YUV_UV_plane_Y0.5_100_percent.png" class="mw-file-description" title="valore Y' a 0.5"><img alt="valore Y' a 0.5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/YUV_UV_plane_Y0.5_100_percent.png/120px-YUV_UV_plane_Y0.5_100_percent.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/YUV_UV_plane_Y0.5_100_percent.png/180px-YUV_UV_plane_Y0.5_100_percent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/YUV_UV_plane_Y0.5_100_percent.png/240px-YUV_UV_plane_Y0.5_100_percent.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">valore Y' a 0.5</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YUV_UV_plane_Y1_100_percent.png" class="mw-file-description" title="valore Y' a 1"><img alt="valore Y' a 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/YUV_UV_plane_Y1_100_percent.png/120px-YUV_UV_plane_Y1_100_percent.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/YUV_UV_plane_Y1_100_percent.png/180px-YUV_UV_plane_Y1_100_percent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/YUV_UV_plane_Y1_100_percent.png/240px-YUV_UV_plane_Y1_100_percent.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">valore Y' a 1</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipi_di_campionamento">Tipi di campionamento</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Tipi di campionamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tipi di campionamento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Sottocampionamento_della_crominanza" title="Sottocampionamento della crominanza">Sottocampionamento della crominanza</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Per ottenere un segnale digitale, le immagini Y'UV possono essere <a href="/wiki/Campionamento_(teoria_dei_segnali)" title="Campionamento (teoria dei segnali)">campionate</a> in parecchi modi diversi. Come già detto, il più comune è il 4:2:2, ma anche il 4:2:0 o il 4:1:1 sono abbastanza diffusi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BT.709_e_BT.601">BT.709 e BT.601</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione BT.709 e BT.601" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: BT.709 e BT.601"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante la standardizzazione dei formati video ad alta definizione, l'<a href="/wiki/ATSC" title="ATSC">ATSC</a> scelse una formula differente per il modello YCbCr rispetto a quella usata per il video a definizione standard. Di conseguenza, quando si effettua una conversione di segnali tra i due formati, lo spazio colore va convertito. </p><p>Le formule sopra fanno riferimento alla <a href="/wiki/BT.601" title="BT.601">raccomandazione BT.601</a>. Per l'<a href="/wiki/Alta_definizione" class="mw-redirect" title="Alta definizione">alta definizione</a>, viene utilizzata una matrice lievemente diversa, dove W<sub>R</sub> e W<sub>B</sub> sono sostituiti dalla <a href="/wiki/BT.709" title="BT.709">raccomandazione BT.709</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rl}W_{R}&=0.2126\\W_{B}&=0.0722\\\end{array}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.2126</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0722</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rl}W_{R}&=0.2126\\W_{B}&=0.0722\\\end{array}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/336f53bdece404f7a71fac1751c1a0f349512eb0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:15.66ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rl}W_{R}&=0.2126\\W_{B}&=0.0722\\\end{array}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Che da le matrici : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.2126&0.7152&0.0722\\-0.09991&-0.33609&0.436\\0.615&-0.55861&-0.05639\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.2126</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.7152</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.0722</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.09991</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.33609</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.436</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.615</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.55861</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.05639</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.2126&0.7152&0.0722\\-0.09991&-0.33609&0.436\\0.615&-0.55861&-0.05639\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c8fed5b21865a16b8adf7e970bb902bf48c2a51b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:52.001ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.2126&0.7152&0.0722\\-0.09991&-0.33609&0.436\\0.615&-0.55861&-0.05639\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&1.28033\\1&-0.21482&-0.38059\\1&2.12798&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1.28033</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.21482</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.38059</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>2.12798</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&1.28033\\1&-0.21482&-0.38059\\1&2.12798&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe3d4063ba0ad0d2012d99b917a5aded3b55dfa9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:43.734ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&1.28033\\1&-0.21482&-0.38059\\1&2.12798&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approssimazioni_numeriche">Approssimazioni numeriche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Approssimazioni numeriche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Approssimazioni numeriche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prima dello sviluppo di processori <a href="/wiki/SIMD" title="SIMD">SIMD</a> a <a href="/wiki/Numero_in_virgola_mobile" title="Numero in virgola mobile">virgola mobile</a>, la maggior parte delle conversioni digitali RGB->Y'UV utilizzava operazioni matematiche su <a href="/wiki/Numero_intero" title="Numero intero">interi</a>, in particolare approssimazioni a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgola_fissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgola fissa (la pagina non esiste)">numero a virgola fissa</a>. Negli esempi che seguono, l'operatore "<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\gg b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>≫</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\gg b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45cdae2b22ec1a1e6d11f6dfb80e292e0a6aebcf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.841ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\gg b}" /></span>" indica uno <a href="/wiki/Shift" title="Shift">spostamento a destra</a> di “a” di un numero di bit pari a “b”. </p><p>La rappresentazione tradizionale a 8 bit di un modello Y'UV con interi senza <a href="/wiki/Segno_(matematica)" title="Segno (matematica)">segno</a> procede come segue: </p><p>1. Trasformazione base </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}66&129&25\\-38&-74&112\\112&-94&-18\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>66</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>129</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>25</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>38</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>74</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>112</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>112</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>94</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>18</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}66&129&25\\-38&-74&112\\112&-94&-18\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2129fdba8d224cfef70a83225b451ae5f555131e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:36.111ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}Y'\\U\\V\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}66&129&25\\-38&-74&112\\112&-94&-18\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>2. Scalatura a 8 bit con <a href="/wiki/Arrotondamento" title="Arrotondamento">arrotondamento</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcl}Y'&=&(Y'+128)\gg 8\\U&=&(U+128)\gg 8\\V&=&(V+128)\gg 8\end{array}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right center left" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>128</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≫</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>128</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≫</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>128</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≫</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcl}Y'&=&(Y'+128)\gg 8\\U&=&(U+128)\gg 8\\V&=&(V+128)\gg 8\end{array}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4a14b8f2ad8f128c45ea755b9019b916c58515cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:25.288ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcl}Y'&=&(Y'+128)\gg 8\\U&=&(U+128)\gg 8\\V&=&(V+128)\gg 8\end{array}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>3. <a href="/wiki/Shift" title="Shift">Scorrimento</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcl}Y'&=&Y'+16\\U&=&U+128\\V&=&V+128\end{array}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right center left" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>U</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>128</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>128</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcl}Y'&=&Y'+16\\U&=&U+128\\V&=&V+128\end{array}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4795af6606cb7c6ba2423dc35b6151bd169e42fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:17.905ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcl}Y'&=&Y'+16\\U&=&U+128\\V&=&V+128\end{array}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>I valori Y' sono convenzionalmente spostati e scalati nella gamma [16, 235] (chiamati “valori di studio”) piuttosto che nella gamma completa [0, 255]. Si tratta di una pratica che deriva dagli standard <a href="/wiki/MPEG" title="MPEG">MPEG</a>, che spiega come mai 16 sia sommato al valore di Y' e perché il coefficiente Y' nella trasformazione di base venga sommato a 220 e non a 255. I valori U e V, che possono essere positivi o negativi, vengono sommati a 128 allo scopo di renderli sempre numeri positivi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Engineering Guideline EG 28, "Annotated Glossary of Essential Terms for Electronic Production," SMPTE, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Maller, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joemaller.com/fcp/fxscript_yuv_color.shtml">RGB e YUV Color</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224143835/http://www.joemaller.com/fcp/fxscript_yuv_color.shtml">Archiviato</a> il 24 febbraio 2008 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>., <i>FXScript Reference</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">W. Wharton & D. Howorth, <i>Principles of Television Reception</i>, Pitman Publishing, 1971, pp 161-163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Charles Poynton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poynton.com/papers/YUV_and_luminance_harmful.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">YUV e luminance considered harmful</span></a>, 19 giugno 1999. <small>URL consultato il 22 agosto 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Keith Jack, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/videodemystified00jack"><span style="font-style:italic;">Video Demystified</span></a>, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-878707-09-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-878707-09-4">1-878707-09-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:YUV"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:YUV?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:YUV?uselang=it">YUV</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YUV&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529202052/http://www.fourcc.org/yuv.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Explanation of many different formats in the Y'UV family</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">fourcc.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 10 giugno 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.fourcc.org/yuv.php">url originale</abbr> il 29 maggio 2014)</small>.</cite></li> <li>Poynton, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poynton.com/Poynton-video-eng.html">Video engineering</a></li> <li>Poynton, Charles, Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces, Morgan Kaufmann 2012</li> <li>Kohn, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mikekohn.net/stuff/image_processing.php">Y'UV422 to RGB using SSE/Assembly</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discoverybiz.net/enu0/faq/faq_YUV_YCbCr_YPbPr.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">YUV, YCbCr, YPbPr colour spaces.</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">discoverybiz.net</span>.</cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404024930/http://www.equasys.de/colorformat.html">Color formats</a> for image e video processing - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403123714/http://www.equasys.de/colorconversion.html">Color conversion</a> between RGB, YUV, YCbCr e YPbPr.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. 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RGB</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/RGB" title="RGB">RGB</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/RGB" title="RGB">RGB</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spazio_colore_sRGB" title="Spazio colore sRGB">sRGB</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rg_chromaticity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rg chromaticity (la pagina non esiste)">RG chromaticity</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spazio_colore_Adobe_RGB" title="Spazio colore Adobe RGB">Adobe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wide-gamut_RGB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wide-gamut RGB (la pagina non esiste)">Wide Gamut</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ProPhoto_RGB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ProPhoto RGB (la pagina non esiste)">ProPhoto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ScRGB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ScRGB (la pagina non esiste)">scRGB</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BT.709" title="BT.709">Rec. 709</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BT.2020" title="BT.2020">Rec. 2020</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YUV</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YUV</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/PAL_(televisione)" title="PAL (televisione)">PAL</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=YDbDr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YDbDr (la pagina non esiste)">YDbDr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%89CAM" title="SÉCAM">SÉCAM</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spazio_colore_YIQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spazio colore YIQ (la pagina non esiste)">YIQ</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BT.601" title="BT.601">Rec. 601</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BT.709" title="BT.709">Rec. 709</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BT.2020" title="BT.2020">Rec. 2020</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YPbPr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/XvYCC" title="XvYCC">xvYCC</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=YCgCo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YCgCo (la pagina non esiste)">YCgCo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/BGR233" title="BGR233">BGR233</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/CcMmYK" title="CcMmYK">CcMmYK</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/CMYK" title="CMYK">CMYK</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coloroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coloroid (la pagina non esiste)">Coloroid</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spazio_colore_LMS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spazio colore LMS (la pagina non esiste)">LMS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Esacromia" title="Esacromia">Esacromia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hue_Saturation_Brightness" title="Hue Saturation Brightness">HSL, HSV</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spazio_colore_HCL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spazio colore HCL (la pagina non esiste)">HCL</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colore_impossibile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colore impossibile (la pagina non esiste)">Colore impossibile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=OSA-UCS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSA-UCS (la pagina non esiste)">OSA-UCS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Practical_Color_Coordinate_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Practical Color Coordinate System (la pagina non esiste)">PCCS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spazio_colore_RG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spazio colore RG (la pagina non esiste)">RG</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Modello_di_colore_RYB" title="Modello di colore RYB">Modello di colore RYB</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Sistemi di colore<br />e standard</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a 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