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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Post Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_since_2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_since_2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition since 2010s</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition_since_2010s-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition since 2010s subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition_since_2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbers_of_missiles_and_warheads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers_of_missiles_and_warheads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Numbers of missiles and warheads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers_of_missiles_and_warheads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapons_and_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons_and_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Weapons and equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Weapons_and_equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Weapons and equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Weapons_and_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intermediate-range_ballistic_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intermediate-range_ballistic_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Intermediate-range ballistic missiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intermediate-range_ballistic_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercontinental-range_ballistic_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercontinental-range_ballistic_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Intercontinental-range ballistic missiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercontinental-range_ballistic_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks_and_rank_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks_and_rank_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ranks and rank insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks_and_rank_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Strategic Rocket Forces</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="قوات الصواريخ الاستراتيجية (روسيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوات الصواريخ الاستراتيجية (روسيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strateji_Raket_Qo%C5%9Funlar%C4%B1" title="Strateji Raket Qoşunları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Strateji Raket Qoşunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ракетни войски със стратегическо предназначение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ракетни войски със стратегическо предназначение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropes_de_M%C3%ADssils_de_Designaci%C3%B3_Estrat%C3%A8gica_de_la_Federaci%C3%B3_Russa" title="Tropes de Míssils de Designació Estratègica de la Federació Russa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tropes de Míssils de Designació Estratègica de la Federació Russa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategische_Raketentruppen_Russlands" title="Strategische Raketentruppen Russlands – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strategische Raketentruppen Russlands" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa_strateegilised_raketiv%C3%A4ed" title="Venemaa strateegilised raketiväed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa strateegilised raketiväed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8D%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Στρατηγικές Δυνάμεις Πυραύλων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στρατηγικές Δυνάμεις Πυραύλων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropas_de_Misiles_de_Designaci%C3%B3n_Estrat%C3%A9gica_de_la_Federaci%C3%B3n_Rusa" title="Tropas de Misiles de Designación Estratégica de la Federación Rusa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tropas de Misiles de Designación Estratégica de la Federación Rusa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="نیروهای راهبردی موشکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروهای راهبردی موشکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_des_missiles_strat%C3%A9giques_de_la_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_Russie" title="Forces des missiles stratégiques de la fédération de Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forces des missiles stratégiques de la fédération de Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%9E%B5_%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93%EA%B5%B0" title="전략 로켓군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전략 로켓군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisi_Roket_Strategis" title="Divisi Roket Strategis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Divisi Roket Strategis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketnye_vojska_strategi%C4%8Deskogo_nazna%C4%8Denija" title="Raketnye vojska strategičeskogo naznačenija – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raketnye vojska strategičeskogo naznačenija" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="חיל הטילים האסטרטגיים של רוסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיל הטילים האסטרטגיים של רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C3%A1szati_Rak%C3%A9tacsapatok" title="Hadászati Rakétacsapatok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hadászati Rakétacsapatok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Peluru_Berpandu_Strategik" title="Angkatan Peluru Berpandu Strategik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angkatan Peluru Berpandu Strategik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E7%95%A5%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E8%BB%8D" title="ロシア戦略ロケット軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア戦略ロケット軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russlands_strategiske_rakettstyrker" title="Russlands strategiske rakettstyrker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russlands strategiske rakettstyrker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_strategiske_rakettstyrkane" title="Dei strategiske rakettstyrkane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei strategiske rakettstyrkane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojska_Rakietowe_Przeznaczenia_Strategicznego_(Rosja)" title="Wojska Rakietowe Przeznaczenia Strategicznego (Rosja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojska Rakietowe Przeznaczenia Strategicznego (Rosja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropa_de_M%C3%ADsseis_Estrat%C3%A9gicos" title="Tropa de Mísseis Estratégicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tropa de Mísseis Estratégicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Ракетные войска стратегического назначения Российской Федерации – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ракетные войска стратегического назначения Российской Федерации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strategic Rocket Forces" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strate%C5%A1ke_raketne_sile_Ruske_federacije" title="Strateške raketne sile Ruske federacije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strateške raketne sile Ruske federacije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rysslands_strategiska_robotstridskrafter" title="Rysslands strategiska robotstridskrafter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rysslands strategiska robotstridskrafter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya_Stratejik_F%C3%BCze_Kuvvetleri" title="Rusya Stratejik Füze Kuvvetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya Stratejik Füze Kuvvetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" title="Ракетні війська стратегічного призначення Росії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ракетні війська стратегічного призначення Росії" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the branch of the Russian Armed Forces. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Strategic Rocket Forces (disambiguation)">Strategic Rocket Forces (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strategic Rocket Forces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Ракетные войска стратегического назначения<br /><i>Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/200px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/300px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/400px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the Strategic Rocket Forces</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">17 December 1959<span class="noprint">; 65 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1959-12-17</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (1992–present)</li><li><i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_CIS_%28UEFA_Euro_1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_CIS_%28UEFA_Euro_1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_CIS_%28UEFA_Euro_1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_CIS_%28UEFA_Euro_1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_CIS_%28UEFA_Euro_1992%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_CIS_%28UEFA_Euro_1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></i> (1991–1992)</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1959–1991)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/46px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Strategic missile force</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Strategic missile deterrence</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">50,000 personnel (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vlasikha,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vlasikha, Moscow Oblast">Vlasikha</a>, 2.5 km northwest of <a href="/wiki/Odintsovo" title="Odintsovo">Odintsovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow Oblast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"<i>После нас - тишина</i>" ("After us - silence")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Artillerymen" title="March of the Artillerymen">Artillery March</a> (Марш Артиллеристов) by <a href="/wiki/Tikhon_Khrennikov" title="Tikhon Khrennikov">Tikhon Khrennikov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">17 December</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic missiles">Ballistic missiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missiles">cruise missiles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_rocket_incident" title="Norwegian rocket incident">Norwegian rocket incident</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.mil.ru/en/structure/forces/strategic_rocket.htm">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Commander of the Strategic Rocket Forces">Commander</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Russia%27s_Commander_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.svg/14px-Flag_of_Russia%27s_Commander_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Russia%27s_Commander_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.svg/21px-Flag_of_Russia%27s_Commander_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Russia%27s_Commander_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.svg/28px-Flag_of_Russia%27s_Commander_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1676" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel General</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Karakayev" title="Sergey Karakayev">Sergey Karakayev</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Marshal of the Russian Federation">Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergeyev" title="Igor Sergeyev">Igor Sergeyev</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png/125px-Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png/188px-Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png/250px-Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Patch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strategic_Rocket_Forces_sleeve_badge_of_the_Russian_Federation-1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Strategic_Rocket_Forces_sleeve_badge_of_the_Russian_Federation-1.svg/125px-Strategic_Rocket_Forces_sleeve_badge_of_the_Russian_Federation-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Strategic_Rocket_Forces_sleeve_badge_of_the_Russian_Federation-1.svg/188px-Strategic_Rocket_Forces_sleeve_badge_of_the_Russian_Federation-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Strategic_Rocket_Forces_sleeve_badge_of_the_Russian_Federation-1.svg/250px-Strategic_Rocket_Forces_sleeve_badge_of_the_Russian_Federation-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Middle Emblem</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_emblem_of_the_Russian_Federation_Strategic_Rocket_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Middle_emblem_of_the_Russian_Federation_Strategic_Rocket_Forces.svg/125px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Russian_Federation_Strategic_Rocket_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="85" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(27.01.1997-present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/200px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/300px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/400px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_(21.07.2003-present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg/25px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg/38px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg/50px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="87" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Staff</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="501" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff of the Armed Forces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Services (<i>vid</i>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Russian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="582" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="573" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Independent troops (<i>rod</i>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategic Rocket Forces</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Russian Airborne Forces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Special operations force (<i>sof</i>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1182" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special Operations Forces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Other troops</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="715" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Logistical_Support_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces">Logistical Support</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Military districts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="509" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Military_District" title="Leningrad Military District">Leningrad Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="487" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Military_District" title="Moscow Military District">Moscow Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="509" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="508" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="608" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern Military District</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> History of the Russian military</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military history of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_military_ranks" title="History of Russian military ranks">History of Russian military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military ranks of the Soviet Union">Military ranks of the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_military" title="Template:Russian military"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_military" title="Template talk:Russian military"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_military" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian military"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergey_Karakaev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sergey_Karakaev.jpg/220px-Sergey_Karakaev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sergey_Karakaev.jpg/330px-Sergey_Karakaev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sergey_Karakaev.jpg/440px-Sergey_Karakaev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>Sergei Karakayev (2015)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation</b> or the <b>Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation</b> (<b>RVSN RF</b>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ракетные войска стратегического назначения Российской Федерации (РВСН РФ)</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Strategic Purpose Rocketry Troops of the Russian Federation') is a <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">separate combat arm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> that controls Russia's land-based <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> (ICBMs). It was formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a> from 1959 to 1991. </p><p>The Strategic Rocket Forces was created on 17 December 1959 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a> as the main force for operating all Soviet nuclear ground-based <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile" title="Intermediate-range ballistic missile">intermediate-range ballistic missile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" title="Medium-range ballistic missile">medium-range ballistic missile</a> with ranges over 1,000 kilometers. After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union collapsed</a> in 1991, assets of the Strategic Rocket Forces were in the territories of several new states in addition to Russia, with armed nuclear missile silos in Belarus, Kazakhstan and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. The three of them transferred their missiles to Russia for dismantling and they all joined the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>. </p><p>Complementary strategic forces within Russia include the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a>' <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Range Aviation">Long Range Aviation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a>. Together the three bodies form Russia's <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_triad" title="Nuclear triad">nuclear triad</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia and weapons of mass destruction</a></div> <p>The first Soviet rocket study unit was established in June 1946, by redesignating the 92nd <a href="/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher" title="Katyusha rocket launcher">Guards Mortar</a> Regiment at <a href="/wiki/Bad_Berka" title="Bad Berka">Bad Berka</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> as the 22nd Brigade for Special Use of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_of_the_Supreme_High_Command" title="Reserve of the Supreme High Command">Reserve of the Supreme High Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 18, 1947, the brigade conducted the first launch of the remanufactured former German <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">A-4</a> ballistic missile, or <a href="/wiki/R-1_(missile)" title="R-1 (missile)">R-1</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a> Range.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1950s the 77th and 90th Brigades were formed to operate the R-1 (SS-1a 'Scunner'). The 54th and 56th Brigades were formed to conduct test launches of the <a href="/wiki/R-2_(missile)" title="R-2 (missile)">R-2</a> (SS-2 'Sibling') at Kapustin Yar on June 1, 1952. </p><p>The 5th Scientific Research Proving Ground was established in 1955 in <a href="/wiki/Kzyl-Orda_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kzyl-Orda Oblast">Kzyl-Orda Oblast</a> at the town of Zarya later Leninsk, and finally in 1995 <a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also established that year was the 43rd Independent Scientific Experimental Station (<a href="/wiki/Klyuchi" title="Klyuchi">Klyuchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka Krai</a>) as an outstation of the Baikonur test site. Two years later "Object Angara" was formed at <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk" title="Plesetsk">Plesetsk</a>, Arkhangelsk Oblast, which after another name change in 1959 eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1959 the Soviets introduced a number of <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> (ICBMs) into service, including the <a href="/wiki/R-12_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="R-12 (missile)">R-12</a> (SS-4 'Sandal'), the <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7</a> (SS-6 'Sapwood'), the <a href="/wiki/R-16_(missile)" title="R-16 (missile)">R-16</a> (SS-7 'Saddler'), the <a href="/wiki/R-9_Desna" title="R-9 Desna">R-9</a> (SS-8 'Sasin'), the <a href="/wiki/R-26_(missile)" title="R-26 (missile)">R-26</a> (given the NATO reporting name SS-8 'Sasin' due to incorrect identification as the R-9), the <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36</a> (SS-9 'Scarp'), and the <a href="/wiki/RT-21_Temp_2S" title="RT-21 Temp 2S">RT-21</a> (SS-16 'Sinner'), which was possibly never made fully operational. </p><p>By 1990 all early types of missiles had been retired from service. In 1990, the Strategic Missile Forces were officially established as a service branch of the Armed Forces under the direct control of the Defense Ministry. The date of its formal foundation, December 17, is celebrated as Strategic Missile Forces Day. </p><p>Two rocket armies were formed in 1960. The <a href="/wiki/43rd_Rocket_Army" title="43rd Rocket Army">43rd Rocket Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/50th_Rocket_Army" title="50th Rocket Army">50th Rocket Army</a> were formed from the previous 43rd and 50th Air Armies of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Range Aviation">Long Range Aviation</a>. </p><p>During a test of the <a href="/wiki/R-16_(missile)" title="R-16 (missile)">R-16 ICBM</a> on October 24, 1960, the test missile exploded on the pad, killing the first commander of the SRF, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Marshal">Chief Marshal</a> of Artillery <a href="/wiki/Mitrofan_Ivanovich_Nedelin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin">Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin</a>. This disaster, the details of which were concealed for decades, became known as the <a href="/wiki/Nedelin_catastrophe" title="Nedelin catastrophe">Nedelin catastrophe</a>. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal of the Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Moskalenko" title="Kirill Moskalenko">Kirill Moskalenko</a> who was in turn quickly succeeded by Marshal <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Biryuzov" title="Sergey Biryuzov">Sergey Biryuzov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holm_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Marshal Вiryuzov the SRF deployed missiles to Cuba in 1962 as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anadyr" title="Operation Anadyr">Operation Anadyr</a>. 36 <a href="/wiki/R-12_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="R-12 (missile)">R-12</a> <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_range_ballistic_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate range ballistic missile">intermediate range ballistic missiles</a> were sent to Cuba, initiating the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>. The 43rd Guards Missile Division of 43rd Rocket Army manned the missiles while in Cuba.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marshal <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Ivanovich_Krylov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Ivanovich Krylov">Nikolai Krylov</a> took over in March 1963 and served until February 1972. During this time French President <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> visited the Strategic Missile Forces in 1966. Together with NI Krylov, he visited a missile division in Novosibirsk, and then at the invitation of Leonid Brezhnev participated in a demonstration missile launch at the <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh SSR">Kazakh SSR</a>. Chief Marshal of Artillery Vladimir Fedorovich Tolubko commanded the SRF from April 12, 1972, to July 10, 1985. Tolubko emphasised raising the physical fitness standards within the SRF and in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Strategic Rocket Forces began to field the new UR-100 (SS-11 'Sego') and UR-100N (SS-19 'Stilleto') ICBMs beginning with the <a href="/wiki/43rd_Rocket_Army" title="43rd Rocket Army">43rd Rocket Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a>, providing them with longer range and more accurate missiles. He was succeeded by General of the Army Yury Pavlovich Maksimov, who was in command from July 10, 1985, to August 19, 1992. </p><p>According to a 1980 <a href="/wiki/TIME_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME Magazine">TIME Magazine</a> article citing analysts from <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Demographics of the Soviet Union">Soviet non-Slavs</a> were generally barred from joining the Strategic Missile Forces because of suspicions about the loyalty of ethnic minorities to the state.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who served in the Strategic Rocket Forces had better quality of living, food and also higher salaries than the ones paid to those serving in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a>. The majority of new recruits has, since its inception, consisted of mainly college and university graduates. </p><p>In 1989 the Strategic Missile Forces had over 1,400 ICBMs, 300 launch control centers, and twenty-eight missile bases.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SMT operated <a href="/wiki/RSD-10_Pioneer" title="RSD-10 Pioneer">RSD-10</a> (SS-20 'Saber') intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) and <a href="/wiki/R-12_Dvina" title="R-12 Dvina">R-12</a> (SS-4 'Sandal') medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs). Two-thirds of the road-mobile Soviet RSD-10 force was based in the western Soviet Union and was aimed at Western Europe. </p><p>One-third of the force was located east of the Ural Mountains and was targeted primarily against China. Older R-12 missiles were deployed at fixed sites in the western Soviet Union. The <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a>, signed in December 1987, called for the elimination of all 553 Soviet RSD-10 and R-12 missiles within three years. As of mid-1989, over 50% of RSD-10 and R-12 missiles had been eliminated. </p><p>By 1990 the Soviet Union had seven types of operational ICBMs. About 50% were heavy <a href="/wiki/R-36M" class="mw-redirect" title="R-36M">R-36M</a> (SS-18 'Satan') and <a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N</a> (SS-19 'Stiletto') ICBMs, which carried 80% of the country's land-based ICBM warheads. By this time it was producing new mobile, and hence survivable ICBMs, the <a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">RT-23</a> (SS-24 'Scalpel') and <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">RT-2PM</a> (SS-25 'Sickle').<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, with the R-12 apparently fully retired, the IISS reported that there were 350 <a href="/wiki/UR-100" title="UR-100">UR-100s</a> (SS-11 'Sego,' Mod 2/3), 60 <a href="/wiki/RT-2" title="RT-2">RT-2s</a> (SS-13 'Savage') still in service in one missile field, 75 <a href="/wiki/UR-100MR" class="mw-redirect" title="UR-100MR">UR-100MRs</a> (SS-17 'Spanker,' Mod 3, with 4 MIRV), 308 R-36Ms (mostly Mod 4 with 10 MIRV), 320 UR-100Ns (mostly Mod 3 with 6 MIRV), some 60 RT-23s (silo and rail-mobile), and some 225 RT-2PMs (mobile).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Composition of the Strategic Missile Forces 1960–1991</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Formation </th> <th>Headquarters Location </th> <th>Year formed as Corps </th> <th>Year formed as Army </th> <th>Year disbanded<sup id="cite_ref-Holm_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Divisions </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_Guards_Rocket_Army" title="27th Guards Rocket Army">27th Guards Rocket Army</a></td> <td>HQ <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Military_District" title="Moscow Military District">Moscow Military District</a></td> <td>Sept. 1, 1959</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Still active</td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="7th Guards Rocket Division">7th Guards Rocket Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/28th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="28th Guards Rocket Division">28th Guards Rocket Division</a>, (32 <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/54th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="54th Guards Rocket Division">54th Guards Rocket Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/60th_Rocket_Division" title="60th Rocket Division">60th Rocket Division</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/31st_Rocket_Army" title="31st Rocket Army">31st Rocket Army</a></td> <td>Orenburg, Urals Military District</td> <td>Sept. 5, 1965</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Still active</td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Rocket_Division" title="8th Rocket Division">8th</a>, <a href="/wiki/13th_Red_Banner_Rocket_Division" title="13th Red Banner Rocket Division">13th</a>, <a href="/wiki/14th_Rocket_Division" title="14th Rocket Division">14th</a>, (<a href="/wiki/41st_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="41st Guards Rocket Division">41st Guards</a>), <a href="/wiki/42nd_Rocket_Division" title="42nd Rocket Division">42nd</a>, 50, <a href="/wiki/52nd_Rocket_Division" title="52nd Rocket Division">52nd</a>, (55), 59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/33rd_Guards_Rocket_Army" title="33rd Guards Rocket Army">33rd Guards Rocket Army</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Military_District" title="Siberian Military District">Siberian Military District</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Still active</td> <td>23, (34), 35th, 36th Guards, 38, 39th Guards, 57, 62 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/43rd_Rocket_Army" title="43rd Rocket Army">43rd Rocket Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinnitsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinnitsa">Vinnitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiev_Military_District" title="Kiev Military District">Kiev Military District</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div></td> <td>1960</td> <td>May 8, 1996</td> <td>19 (<a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine">Khmelnitsky</a>), 37th Guards (<a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a>), 43 (<a href="/wiki/Kremenchug" class="mw-redirect" title="Kremenchug">Kremenchug</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Rocket_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="44th Rocket Division (page does not exist)">44</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kolomyia" title="Kolomyia">Kolomyia</a>, Ivano-Frankovsk Oblast, disbanded March 1990; <a href="/wiki/46th_Rocket_Division" title="46th Rocket Division">46</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pervomaisk,_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast">Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/50th_Rocket_Army" title="50th Rocket Army">50th Rocket Army</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belorussian_Military_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Belorussian Military District">Belorussian Military District</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div></td> <td>1960</td> <td>June 30, 1990</td> <td>1988:<sup id="cite_ref-Holm_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7th Guards, 24th Guards (<a href="/wiki/Gvardeysk" title="Gvardeysk">Gvardeysk</a>, Kaliningrad Oblast),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 31st Guards (former 83rd Guards Bryansko-Berlinskaya Aviation (Missile) Division, renumbered July 1, 1960), 32nd (Postavy, Vitebsk Oblast), 40th, <a href="/w/index.php?title=49th_Guards_Rocket_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="49th Guards Rocket Division (page does not exist)">49th Guards</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lida" title="Lida">Lida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grodno_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Grodno Region">Grodno Region</a>, 1963 to 1990), 58th (Karmelava, Lithuania) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/53rd_Rocket_Army" title="53rd Rocket Army">53rd Rocket Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chita,_Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai">Chita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transbaikal_Military_District" title="Transbaikal Military District">Transbaikal Military District</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>June 8, 1970</td> <td>Sept. 16, 2002</td> <td>1988:<sup id="cite_ref-Holm_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/4th_Rocket_Division" title="4th Rocket Division">4th Rocket Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Drovyanaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Drovyanaya">Drovyanaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chita_Oblast" title="Chita Oblast">Chita Oblast</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=23rd_Guards_Rocket_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="23rd Guards Rocket Division (page does not exist)">23rd Guards Rocket Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kansk" title="Kansk">Kansk</a>, assigned 1983–2002), 27th Rocket Division (<a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodnyy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur Oblast</a>), 29th, 36th Guards, 47th Rocket Division (<a href="/wiki/Olovyannaya" title="Olovyannaya">Olovyannaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chita_Oblast" title="Chita Oblast">Chita Oblast</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>RSVN training establishments included:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great_Military_Academy_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces" title="Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces">Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces</a> in Moscow;</li> <li>the Military Engineering Red Banner Institute imeni A.F. Mozhayskiy (VIKI) in Leningrad;</li> <li>the Kharkov Higher Military Command Engineering School Missile Forces imeni Marshal of the Soviet Union N.I. Krylov</li> <li>the Krasnodar Higher Military Command Engineering School Missile Forces (KVVKIU) (1982–1998)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm_Higher_Military_Command_Engineering_Red_Banner_School_Missile_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perm Higher Military Command Engineering Red Banner School Missile Forces (page does not exist)">Perm Higher Military Command Engineering Red Banner School Missile Forces</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Пермский военный институт ракетных войск">ru:Пермский военный институт ракетных войск</a>)</li> <li>the Riga Higher Military Political Red Banner School imeni Marshal of the Soviet Union S.S. Biryuzov (under the SRF from 1959 to 1993)</li> <li>the Rostov Higher Military Command Engineering School Missile Forces (RVVKIU) (1959 onwards)</li> <li>the Saratov Higher Military Command Engineering Red Banner order of the Red Star School Missile Forces imeni Major-General A.I. Lizyukov (SVVKIU) (1959–2003)</li> <li>the Serpukhov Higher Military Command Engineering School Missile Forces imeni Leninskiy Komsomol (SVVKU)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post_Soviet_Union">Post Soviet Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Post Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most of the Russian Armed Forces, the Strategic Missile Forces had limited access to resources for new equipment in the <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Yeltsin</a> era. However, the Russian government made a priority of ensuring that the Missile Forces received new missiles to phase out older, less-reliable systems, and to incorporate newer capabilities in the face of international threats to the viability of the nuclear deterrent effect provided by their missiles. In particular the development of missile defense systems in the United States. </p><p>In 1995, the "Strategic Missile Forces Day" and "Military Space Forces Day" were created. On July 16, 1997, President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree incorporating the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">Russian Space Forces</a> and the Space Missile Defence Forces (Russian: Ракетно-космической обороны) into the SMT.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In doing so, 'nearly 60' military units and establishments were dissolved. However, four years later, on June 1, 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">Russian Space Forces</a> were reformed as a separate branch of service from the SMT. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defence">Minister of Defence</a> Marshal of the Russian Federation <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergeyev" title="Igor Sergeyev">Igor Sergeev</a>, a former commander of the SMT from August 19, 1992 – May 22, 1997, played a major role in assuring funding for his former service.<sup id="cite_ref-Holm_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by General of the Army <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yakovlev_(general)" title="Vladimir Yakovlev (general)">Vladimir Yakovlev</a>, who commanded the SMT from June 1997 until April 27, 2001. Yakovlev was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel General</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Solovtsov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Solovtsov">Nikolay Solovtsov</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the early 2000s, Chief of the General Staff Army General <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Kvashnin" title="Anatoly Kvashnin">Anatoly Kvashnin</a> decided to downgrade the status of the Strategic Missile Forces from a branch of the armed forces to an independent combat arm. This was completed despite the opposition of Defense Minister Marshal Igor Sergeyev.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solovtsov was dismissed in July–August 2009. Speculation over why Solovtsov was dismissed included opposition to further cuts in deployed nuclear ballistic missile warheads below the April 2009 figure of 1,500, the fact that he had reached the retirement age of 60, despite that he had recently been extended another year's service, or the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Navy's</a> <a href="/wiki/Bulava" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulava">Bulava</a> missile).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After only a year, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> Andrey Shvaichenko, appointed on August 3, 2009, by President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, was replaced. The current commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel General <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Karakayev" title="Sergey Karakayev">Sergey Karakayev</a>, was appointed to the post by a presidential decree of June 22, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-PodvigSRF_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PodvigSRF-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-krem_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krem-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RVSN headquarters has a special sledgehammer that can be used to gain access to the launch codes if the commander feels the need to use it or if ordered directly, but does not have normal access to the safe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2020, the Strategic Missile Forces completed switching to digital information transmission technology.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_since_2010s">Composition since 2010s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition since 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_01.jpg/250px-Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_01.jpg/375px-Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_01.jpg/500px-Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a> missile system of the 39th Guards Missile Division during a command post exercise in 2017.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_10.jpg/220px-Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_10.jpg/330px-Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_10.jpg/440px-Exercise_of_Strategic_Missile_Forces_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Strategic Rocket Forces infantry during a <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">military exercise</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RVSN_IMG_1398.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RVSN_IMG_1398.JPG/200px-RVSN_IMG_1398.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RVSN_IMG_1398.JPG/300px-RVSN_IMG_1398.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RVSN_IMG_1398.JPG/400px-RVSN_IMG_1398.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A launch authorization device</figcaption></figure> <p>The main RVSN command post is at <a href="/wiki/Kuntsevo_District" title="Kuntsevo District">Kuntsevo</a> in the suburbs of Moscow. The alternate command post is at <a href="/wiki/Kosvinsky_Kamen" title="Kosvinsky Kamen">Kosvinsky Mountain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Female cadets have started to join the Peter the Great Strategic Missile Forces Academy. In the past, only men were allowed to serve in the Missile Forces. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> RVSN institutes also exist at <a href="/wiki/Serpukhov" title="Serpukhov">Serpukhov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>. An ICBM test impact range is located in the Far East, the <a href="/wiki/Kura_Test_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura Test Range">Kura Test Range</a>. This has been under <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Defence Forces">Aerospace Defence Forces</a>' command since 2010. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Strategic Missile Forces operate four distinct missile systems. The oldest system is the silo-based <a href="/wiki/SS-18" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-18">R-36M2 / SS-18 <i>Satan</i></a>. It carries ten warheads. The last missile will be in service until 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Launch_of_Topol_to_confirm_missile_life_extension_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Launch_of_Topol_to_confirm_missile_life_extension-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (December 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The second system is the silo-based <a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100NUTTH / SS-19 <i>Stiletto</i></a>. The last <i>Stiletto</i> missiles in service with six warheads each will be removed by 2019. Two UR-100NUTTH missiles are still believed to be active with <a href="/wiki/Avangard_(hypersonic_glide_vehicle)" title="Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)">Avangard HGVs</a> as of 2024. </p><p>A new missile entering service is the <a href="/wiki/RT-2UTTH_Topol-M" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2UTTH Topol-M">RT-2UTTH Topol-M / SS-27 <i>Sickle B</i></a> with single warhead, of which 60 are silo-based and 18 are mobile. Some new missiles will be added in the future. The first upgraded Topol-M called <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a>, carrying three warheads, was commissioned in 2010. In July 2011 the first mobile regiment with nine missiles was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-Podvig7-2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podvig7-2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2012 to 2017, about 80 ICBMs were placed in active duty.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RF Defense Minister said in December 2022 that 91.3% of the country's nuclear forces was modern.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3 missile regiments rearmed in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the RF MoD, the new super-heavy ICBM <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a> has entered service, it's designed to replace the aging R-36.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new IRBM named Oreshnik was launched at Dnipro, Ukraine in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Units">Units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The composition of missiles and warheads of the Strategic Missile Forces previously had to be revealed as part of the <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">START I</a> treaty data exchange. The most recently reported (January 2020) order of battle of the forces was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Podvig_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podvig-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27th_Guards_Rocket_Army" title="27th Guards Rocket Army">27th Guards Rocket Army</a> (Military Unit No. 43176) (HQ: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>98th Mixed Aviation Squadron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="7th Guards Rocket Division">7th Guards Rocket Division</a> (Military Unit No. 14245)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Vypolzovo" title="Vypolzovo">Vypolzovo</a> with 18+ mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Rocket_Division" title="14th Rocket Division">14th Rocket Division</a> (Military Unit No. 34096)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a> with 27 mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="28th Guards Rocket Division">28th Guards Rocket Division</a> (Military Unit No. 54055)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Kozelsk" title="Kozelsk">Kozelsk</a> with 19 (December 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> silo-based <a href="/wiki/RS-24" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-24">RS-24</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="54th Guards Rocket Division">54th Guards Rocket Division</a> (Military Unit No. 34048)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Teykovo" title="Teykovo">Teykovo</a> with 18 mobile <a href="/wiki/RT-2UTTH_Topol-M" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2UTTH Topol-M">RT-2UTTH Topol-M</a> and 18 (December 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-russianforces.org_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russianforces.org-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-24">RS-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_Rocket_Division" title="60th Rocket Division">60th Rocket Division</a> (Military Unit No. 89553)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Tatischevo_(airbase)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatischevo (airbase)">Tatischevo</a> with 30 silo-based <a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N</a>UTTH and 60 silo-based <a href="/wiki/RT-2UTTH_Topol-M" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2UTTH Topol-M">RT-2UTTH Topol-M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Rocket_Army" title="31st Rocket Army">31st Rocket Army</a> (HQ: <a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>) <ul><li>102nd Mixed Aviation Squadron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Rocket_Division" title="8th Rocket Division">8th Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pervomaysky_(urban-type_settlement),_Kirov_Oblast" title="Pervomaysky (urban-type settlement), Kirov Oblast">Pervomaysky, Kirov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Red_Banner_Rocket_Division" title="13th Red Banner Rocket Division">13th Red Banner Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Dombarovskiy</a> with 18 silo-based R-36M2 and 11 (December 2023) <a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N</a>UTTH with <a href="/wiki/Avangard_(hypersonic_glide_vehicle)" title="Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)">Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)s</a> (<i>Project 4202</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The R-36s will be replaced with the new <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a> when operational.<sup id="cite_ref-gs2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Rocket_Division" title="42nd Rocket Division">42nd Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nizhniy_Tagil" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizhniy Tagil">Nizhniy Tagil</a> with 27 mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Guards_Rocket_Army" title="33rd Guards Rocket Army">33rd Guards Rocket Army</a> (HQ: <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>) <ul><li>105th Mixed Aviation Squadron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="29th Guards Rocket Division">29th Guards Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a> with 27 mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Rocket_Division" title="35th Rocket Division">35th Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barnaul" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a> with mobile <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">RT-2PM Topol</a> and<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Guards_Rocket_Division" title="39th Guards Rocket Division">39th Guards Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> with 27 mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62nd_Rocket_Division" title="62nd Rocket Division">62nd Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Uzhur" title="Uzhur">Uzhur</a> with 28 silo-based <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36M2</a>, which will also be replaced with the new <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a> when operational.<sup id="cite_ref-gs2_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbers_of_missiles_and_warheads">Numbers of missiles and warheads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Numbers of missiles and warheads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Strategic Missile Forces have:<sup id="cite_ref-Podvig_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podvig-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>34</b> silo-based <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36M2 (SS-18)</a> with up to 10 warheads, to be retired.</li> <li><b>45</b> mobile <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">RT-2PM "Topol" (SS-25)</a> with 1 warhead, now retired</li> <li><b>60</b> silo-based <a href="/wiki/RT-2UTTH_Topol_M" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2UTTH Topol M">RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)</a> with 1 warhead</li> <li><b>18</b> mobile <a href="/wiki/RT-2UTTH_Topol_M" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2UTTH Topol M">RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)</a> with 1 warhead</li> <li><b>24</b> silo-based <a href="/wiki/RS-24" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-24">RS-24 "Yars" (SS-29)</a> with up to 4 warheads</li> <li><b>180</b> mobile <a href="/wiki/RS-24" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-24">RS-24 "Yars" (SS-29)</a> with up to 4 warheads</li></ul> <p>Kristensen and Korda (2020) list the <a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N (SS-19)</a>, as retired from deployment, while noting that <a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N</a>UTTH being deployed with the <a href="/wiki/Avangard_(hypersonic_glide_vehicle)" title="Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)">Avangard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weapons_and_equipment">Weapons and equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Weapons and equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intermediate-range_ballistic_missiles">Intermediate-range ballistic missiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Intermediate-range ballistic missiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oreshnik_(missile)" title="Oreshnik (missile)">9M729 Oreshnik</a> – In service from 2024 to present.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercontinental-range_ballistic_missiles">Intercontinental-range ballistic missiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Intercontinental-range ballistic missiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat, SS-X-29 Satan II</a> – In service from 2023 to present.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36M2 Voevoda, SS-18 Satan</a> – In service from 1988 to present.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars, SS-29</a> – In service from 2010 to present.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2PM2 Topol-M, SS-27 Sickle-B</a> – In service from 2000 to present.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks_and_rank_insignia">Ranks and rank insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ranks and rank insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Officer ranks</dt></dl> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/43px-Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="1468" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Strategic_Rocket_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Strategic Rocket Forces">Russian Strategic Rocket Forces</a></b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/Russia_(Strategic_Rocket_Forces)" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/Russia (Strategic Rocket Forces)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/Russia_(Strategic_Rocket_Forces)" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/Russia (Strategic Rocket Forces)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/Russia_(Strategic_Rocket_Forces)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/Russia (Strategic Rocket Forces)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marshal of the Russian Federation"><img alt="Marshal of the Russian Federation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-10-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-9-2013.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Army General"><img alt="Army General" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Russia-Army-OF-9-2013.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-9-2013.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Russia-Army-OF-9-2013.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-9-2013.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Russia-Army-OF-9-2013.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-9-2013.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colonel General"><img alt="Colonel General" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-8-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lieutenant General"><img alt="Lieutenant General" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-7-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Major General"><img alt="Major General" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-6-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colonel"><img alt="Colonel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-5-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lieutenant Colonel"><img alt="Lieutenant Colonel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Major"><img alt="Major" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-3-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Captain"><img alt="Captain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-2-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senior Lieutenant"><img alt="Senior Lieutenant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-1c-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lieutenant"><img alt="Lieutenant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-1b-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Junior Lieutenant"><img alt="Junior Lieutenant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-1a-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="12"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Army-OF-(D)-2010.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kursant"><img alt="Kursant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Russia-Army-OF-%28D%29-2010.svg/50px-Russia-Army-OF-%28D%29-2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Russia-Army-OF-%28D%29-2010.svg/75px-Russia-Army-OF-%28D%29-2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Russia-Army-OF-%28D%29-2010.svg/100px-Russia-Army-OF-%28D%29-2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Marshal of the Russian Federation">Marshal of the Russian Federation</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ма́ршал Росси́йской Федера́ции</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Army_general_(Russia)" title="Army general (Russia)">Army general</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">генера́л а́рмии</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_general" title="Colonel general">Colonel general</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">генера́л-полко́вник</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">генера́л-лейтена́нт</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major general</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">генера́л-майо́р</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polkovnik" title="Polkovnik">Colonel</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">полко́вник</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Podpolkovnik" title="Podpolkovnik">Lieutenant colonel</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">подполко́вник</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">майо́р</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (rank)">Captain</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">капита́н</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Senior_lieutenant" title="Senior lieutenant">Senior lieutenant</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ста́рший лейтена́нт</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">Lieutenant</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">лейтена́нт</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Junior lieutenant</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">мла́дший лейтена́нт</span></span> </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Cadet#Russia" title="Cadet">Cadet</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Курсант</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Other ranks</dt></dl> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/43px-Flag_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="1468" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Strategic_Rocket_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Strategic Rocket Forces">Russian Strategic Rocket Forces</a></b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Russia_(Strategic_Rocket_Forces)" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/Russia (Strategic Rocket 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data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rank_insignia_of_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_2_of_the_Soviet_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Rank_insignia_of_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_2_of_the_Soviet_Navy.svg/50px-Rank_insignia_of_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_2_of_the_Soviet_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="129" class="mw-file-element" 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/></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_N_R7-GlStarsh_2010%E2%80%93.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/RAF_N_R7-GlStarsh_2010%E2%80%93.svg/50px-RAF_N_R7-GlStarsh_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/RAF_N_R7-GlStarsh_2010%E2%80%93.svg/75px-RAF_N_R7-GlStarsh_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/RAF_N_R7-GlStarsh_2010%E2%80%93.svg/100px-RAF_N_R7-GlStarsh_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="357" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_N_R6-Starsh1st_2010%E2%80%93.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RAF_N_R6-Starsh1st_2010%E2%80%93.svg/50px-RAF_N_R6-Starsh1st_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RAF_N_R6-Starsh1st_2010%E2%80%93.svg/75px-RAF_N_R6-Starsh1st_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RAF_N_R6-Starsh1st_2010%E2%80%93.svg/100px-RAF_N_R6-Starsh1st_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="357" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_N_R4-Starsh2st_2010%E2%80%93.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RAF_N_R4-Starsh2st_2010%E2%80%93.svg/50px-RAF_N_R4-Starsh2st_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/RAF_N_R4-Starsh2st_2010%E2%80%93.svg/75px-RAF_N_R4-Starsh2st_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/RAF_N_R1-Matros_2010%E2%80%93.svg/50px-RAF_N_R1-Matros_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/RAF_N_R1-Matros_2010%E2%80%93.svg/75px-RAF_N_R1-Matros_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/RAF_N_R1-Matros_2010%E2%80%93.svg/100px-RAF_N_R1-Matros_2010%E2%80%93.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="357" /></a></span><hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Starshy_praporshchik" title="Starshy praporshchik">Senior warrant officer</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ста́рший пра́порщик</span></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Praporshchik" title="Praporshchik">Warrant officer</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Пра́порщик</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Starshina" title="Starshina">Master sergeant</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Старшина́</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Senior_sergeant" title="Senior sergeant">Senior sergeant</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ста́рший сержа́нт</span></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Сержа́нт</span></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Junior_sergeant" title="Junior sergeant">Junior sergeant</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Мла́дший сержа́нт</span></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Yefreytor" class="mw-redirect" title="Yefreytor">Corporal</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ефре́йтор</span></span> </td> <td colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Ryadovoy" title="Ryadovoy">Private</a><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Рядово́й</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future">Future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>, for the foreseeable future, all new Russian ICBM deployments will be based on the <a href="/wiki/MIRV" class="mw-redirect" title="MIRV">MIRVed</a> version of the solid-fueled Topol-M "<a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a>" and the liquid-fueled <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a>. By the late 2020s, according to announcements by Russian military officials, all R-36M2 missiles will be retired in favor of the new <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28</a> super-heavy ICBM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF11603.pdf">"Russian Armed Forces: Military Modernization and Reforms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>fas.org</i>. July 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fas.org&rft.atitle=Russian+Armed+Forces%3A+Military+Modernization+and+Reforms&rft.date=2010-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FIF11603.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-28-2024">"Institute for the Study of War"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240831044617/https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-28-2024">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institute+for+the+Study+of+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funderstandingwar.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Frussian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-28-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Holm, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/24gvmd.htm">24th Guards Rocket Division</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928095100/http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/24gvmd.htm">Archived</a> September 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed December 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/agency/rvsn.htm">"RVSN – Strategic Missile Forces – Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces"</a>. <i>fas.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710130532/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/agency/rvsn.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fas.org&rft.atitle=RVSN+%E2%80%93+Strategic+Missile+Forces+%E2%80%93+Russian+and+Soviet+Nuclear+Forces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fnuke%2Fguide%2Frussia%2Fagency%2Frvsn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/5niip.htm">"5th Scientific Research Proving Ground"</a>. <i>www.ww2.dk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ww2.dk&rft.atitle=5th+Scientific+Research+Proving+Ground&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ww2.dk%2Fnew%2Frvsn%2F5niip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/53niip.htm">"53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=53rd+Scientific+Research+Proving+Ground&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ww2.dk%2Fnew%2Frvsn%2F53niip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holm-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holm_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holm_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holm_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holm_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holm_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Holm, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/rvsn.htm">Strategic Missile Forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201025156/http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/rvsn.htm">Archived</a> December 1, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100808020830/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB14/doc18.htm">"To the Chairman of the Defense Council"</a>. National Security Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB14/doc18.htm">the original</a> on August 8, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+the+Chairman+of+the+Defense+Council&rft.pub=National+Security+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwu.edu%2F~nsarchiv%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB14%2Fdoc18.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Machine The U.S.S.R.: Moscow's Military Machine, <i><a href="/wiki/TIME_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME Magazine">TIME Magazine</a></i>, June 23, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+su0469)">Library of Congress Soviet Union Country Study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018221737/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+su0469%29">Archived</a> October 18, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">IISS Military Balance 1990–91, p.34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeskovKalashnikov,_K.A.Golikov,_V.I.2004" class="citation book cs1">Feskov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Golikov, V.I. (2004). <i>The Soviet Army in the Years of the Cold War 1945–91</i>. Tomsk: Tomsk University Publishing House. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-7511-1819-7" title="Special:BookSources/5-7511-1819-7"><bdi>5-7511-1819-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soviet+Army+in+the+Years+of+the+Cold+War+1945%E2%80%9391&rft.place=Tomsk&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Tomsk+University+Publishing+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=5-7511-1819-7&rft.aulast=Feskov&rft.aufirst=V.I.&rft.au=Kalashnikov%2C+K.A.&rft.au=Golikov%2C+V.I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/32md.htm">"32nd Missile Division"</a>. Ww2.dk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928095554/http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/32md.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=32nd+Missile+Division&rft.pub=Ww2.dk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ww2.dk%2Fnew%2Frvsn%2F32md.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101111015232/http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/ukraine/forasst/fundukr.htm">"Ukraine: Foreign Assistance:The CTR Program in Ukraine"</a>. <i>www.nti.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/ukraine/forasst/fundukr.htm">the original</a> on November 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nti.org&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+Foreign+Assistance%3AThe+CTR+Program+in+Ukraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fdb%2Fnisprofs%2Fukraine%2Fforasst%2Ffundukr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously 92 BON, then given the combined-arms designation of 22nd RVGK special-purpose brigade, then 72nd RVGK Engineer Brigade, and in 1960 the 24th Guards Division of the RVSN was formed on its basis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/24gvmd.htm">http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/24gvmd.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928095100/http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/24gvmd.htm">Archived</a> September 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Formed Chita in 1970 from the 8th Independent Missile Corps, under Colonel-General Yury Zabegaylov. Included 45th Rocket Division (disbanded 1970).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/47md.htm">http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/47md.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928095251/http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/47md.htm">Archived</a> September 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 47th Missile Division</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Holm, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/rvsnschools.htm">RSVN Schools</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greg Austin and Alexiy D. Muraviev, The Armed Forces of Russia in Asia, Tauris, 2001, p.185-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilov2004" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gavrilov, Yuri (July 20, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2004/07/20/siloviki.html">"Президент поменял "силовиков"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [President changed "siloviks"]. <i><a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a></i> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rossiyskaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB+%22%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%22&rft.date=2004-07-20&rft.aulast=Gavrilov&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2004%2F07%2F20%2Fsiloviki.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PodvigSRF-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PodvigSRF_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pavel Podvig, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russianforces.org/missiles/">Russian Strategic Missile Forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514085655/http://russianforces.org/missiles/">Archived</a> May 14, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed September 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krem-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-krem_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105112835/http://pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?23649"><bdi lang="ru">Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 09.08.2012 № 1141 "О присвоении воинских званий высших офицеров военнослужащим Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации"</bdi></a> [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 09.08.2012 number 1141 "About the assignment of ranks of senior officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"] (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. August 9, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?23649">the original</a> on November 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rvsn.info&rft.atitle=28-%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28%D0%B2%2F%D1%87+54055%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frvsn.info%2Fdivisions%2Fdiv_028.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodvig2020" class="citation journal cs1">Podvig, Pavel (October 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russianforces.org/blog/2020/10/two_yars_missiles_deployed_in.shtml">"Two Yars missiles deployed in Kozelsk"</a>. <i>Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Strategic+Nuclear+Forces&rft.atitle=Two+Yars+missiles+deployed+in+Kozelsk&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft.aulast=Podvig&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussianforces.org%2Fblog%2F2020%2F10%2Ftwo_yars_missiles_deployed_in.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/rearmament-of-kozelsk-missile-division-continues">"Rearmament of Kozelsk missile division continues"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rearmament+of+Kozelsk+missile+division+continues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Fdefence-news%2Fnews-detail%2Frearmament-of-kozelsk-missile-division-continues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/defense/1550895">"Next Yars ICBM placed into silo in strategic missile formation in central Russia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Next+Yars+ICBM+placed+into+silo+in+strategic+missile+formation+in+central+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fdefense%2F1550895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЦАМТО_/_Центр_анализа_мировой_торговли_оружием2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1122/094076533/detail.shtml">"ЦАМТО / / МБР "Ярс" загрузили в шахту в Козельском ракетном соединении"</a>. <i>ЦАМТО / Центр анализа мировой торговли оружием</i> (in Russian). November 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rvsn.info&rft.atitle=60-%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+60-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%28%D0%B2%2F%D1%87+89553%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frvsn.info%2Fdivisions%2Fdiv_060.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodvig2014" class="citation journal cs1">Podvig, Pavel (August 26, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russianforces.org/blog/2014/08/russian_hypersonic_vehicle_-_m.shtml">"Russian hypersonic vehicle - more dots added to Project 4202"</a>. <i>Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces</i>. russianforces.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315043717/http://russianforces.org/blog/2014/08/russian_hypersonic_vehicle_-_m.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Strategic+Nuclear+Forces&rft.atitle=Russian+hypersonic+vehicle+-+more+dots+added+to+Project+4202&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Podvig&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussianforces.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F08%2Frussian_hypersonic_vehicle_-_m.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12341326%40egNews&fbclid=IwAR2OyL8Zdu7OlchaQPzlfEU6EcCxPIleRXzSNLxxkeQPIgs_rmrb26L7klI">"Подробнее : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5+%3A+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffunction.mil.ru%2Fnews_page%2Fcountry%2Fmore.htm%3Fid%3D12341326%2540egNews%26fbclid%3DIwAR2OyL8Zdu7OlchaQPzlfEU6EcCxPIleRXzSNLxxkeQPIgs_rmrb26L7klI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/defense/1539059">"Missile regiment near Orenburg being rearmed with Avangard system — Defense Ministry"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Missile+regiment+near+Orenburg+being+rearmed+with+Avangard+system+%E2%80%94+Defense+Ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fdefense%2F1539059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/defense/1551935">"Avangard missiles put on combat duty in Russia's southern Urals"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avangard+missiles+put+on+combat+duty+in+Russia%27s+southern+Urals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fdefense%2F1551935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЦАМТО_/_Центр_анализа_мировой_торговли_оружием2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1218/073577021/detail.shtml">"ЦАМТО / / В Оренбургской области завершены работы по перевооружению очередного полка соединения РВСН на РК "Авангард"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ЦАМТО / Центр анализа мировой торговли оружием</i> (in Russian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarmatian+ICBM+%26+FOBS+Reintroduction&rft.pub=globalsecurity.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fwmd%2Fworld%2Frussia%2Fss-30-fobs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20210129/rakety-1595155441.html">"Минобороны раскрыло характеристики ракетного комплекса "Ярс-С"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. January 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%22%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%A1%22&rft.date=2021-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20210129%2Frakety-1595155441.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans M. Kristensen & Matt Korda (2020) Russian nuclear forces, 2020, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 76:2, 102-117, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2020.1728985</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Дороговоз И. Г. Ракетные войска СССР. — Минск: Харвест, 2007. — 336 с. — <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-985-13-9751-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-985-13-9751-4">978-985-13-9751-4</a></li> <li>John G. Hines et al. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv//nukevault/ebb285/">Soviet Intentions 1965–1985</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Braddock_Dunn_%26_McDonald" title="Braddock Dunn & McDonald">Braddock Dunn & McDonald</a> (BDM), 1995.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrainian.su/en/photogallery/category/82">Strategic Missile Forces museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310202130/http://ukrainian.su/en/photogallery/category/82">Archived</a> March 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMain2002" class="citation book cs1">Main, Dr Steven J. (August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.ethz.ch/isn/46484/02_Aug_3.pdf"><i>The Strategic Rocket Forces 1991-2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Conflict Studies Research Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Rocket+Forces+1991-2002&rft.pub=Conflict+Studies+Research+Centre&rft.date=2002-08&rft.aulast=Main&rft.aufirst=Dr+Steven+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.ethz.ch%2Fisn%2F46484%2F02_Aug_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategic+Rocket+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>"Владимирская Ракетная Стратегическая" (Vladimirskaya Strategic Missile) by I.V. Vershkov and V.G. Gagarin; Vladimir 2006; 480 pages;</li> <li>"Оренбургская Стратегическая" (Orenburg Strategic) by Y.N. Feoktistov; Perm 2001; 328 pages; (also a 1997 edition).</li> <li>"Читинская Ракетная Армия" (Chitinskaya Missile Army) by ??; Chita, 2002; 268 pages</li> <li>"История 50-й Ракетной Армии I-IV" (History 50th Missile Army, part 1–4) by G.I. Smirnov and A.I. Yasakov; Smolensk 2008; 370+342+387+561 pages</li> <li>"Стратеги" (Strategic) by V.T. Nosov; Moscow, 2008; 276 pages;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Rocket_Forces&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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Forces">Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Minister of Defence (Russia)">Minister of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Russia)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Russia)">Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy Minister of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy">Commander-in-Chief of the Navy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Aerospace_Forces46" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Aerospace_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Russian_Air_Force" title="Commander of the Russian Air Force">Commander of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commander_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_and_Missile_Defence_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commander of the Russian Aerospace and Missile Defence Forces (page does not exist)">Commander of the Missile Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commander_of_the_Russian_Space_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commander of the Russian Space Forces (page does not exist)">Commander of the Space Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Military8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine_of_Russia" title="Military doctrine of Russia">Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_military_bases" title="List of Russian military bases">Bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_military_bases_abroad" title="List of Russian military bases abroad">Bases abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Military budget of the Russian Federation">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_bands" title="Russian military bands">Bands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_emblems_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Awards and emblems of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation">Awards and emblems</a></li> <li>General Staff buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_Building_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="General Staff Building (Saint Petersburg)">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_Building_(Moscow)" title="General Staff Building (Moscow)">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Building_of_the_Ministry_of_Defense_(Russia)" title="Main Building of the Ministry of Defense (Russia)">Main Building of the Ministry of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry_of_Russia" title="Arms industry of Russia">Defense industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-Industrial_Commission_of_Russia" title="Military-Industrial Commission of Russia">Military-Industrial Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_war_crimes" title="Russian war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_and_Soviet_military" title="Women in the Russian and Soviet military">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Culture of the Russian Armed Forces">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_weapons_of_Russia" title="Honorary weapons of Russia">Honorary weapons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">Military districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Ural_Military_District" title="Volga–Ural Military District">Volga–Ural</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volga_Military_District" title="Volga Military District">Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Military_District" title="Ural Military District">Ural</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus_Military_District" title="North Caucasus Military District">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Military_District" title="Siberian Military District">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Military_District" title="Far Eastern Military District">Far Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Special_Region" title="Kaliningrad Special Region">Kaliningrad Special Region</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Military_District" title="Moscow Military District">Moscow</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Military_District" title="Western Military District">Western</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Military_District_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Military District (Russia)">Northern</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Severomorsk" title="Severomorsk">Severomorsk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fleets of the Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Flotilla" title="Caspian Flotilla">Caspian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Fleet" title="Northern Fleet">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean_Flotilla" title="Arctic Ocean Flotilla">Arctic Ocean Flotilla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fleet_(Russia)" title="Pacific Fleet (Russia)">Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Flotilla" title="Kamchatka Flotilla">Kamchatka Flotilla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military ranks and insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation%27s_armed_forces_1994%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation's armed forces 1994–2010">Armed Forces 1994–2010</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ground_Forces_troops46" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a> troops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_Troops_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Air Defence Troops of the Russian Ground Forces">Air Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Missile_Troops_and_Artillery" title="Russian Missile Troops and Artillery">Missile Troops and Artillery‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Engineer_Troops" title="Russian Engineer Troops">Engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Signal_Troops" title="Russian Signal Troops">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Tank_Troops" title="Russian Tank Troops">Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_NBC_Protection_Troops" title="Russian NBC Protection Troops">NBC Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topographic_Service_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Topographic Service of the Russian Armed Forces">Topographic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Ensign of the Russian Navy">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Troops_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Coastal Troops of the Russian Navy">Coastal Troops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Naval_Infantry" title="Russian Naval Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_commando_frogmen" title="Russian commando frogmen">Commando Frogmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Naval_Aviation" title="Russian Naval Aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Hydrographic_Service" title="Russian Hydrographic Service">Hydrography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Aerospace Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-Range_Aviation" title="Long-Range Aviation">Long-Range Aviation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_and_Missile_Defense_Forces" title="Air and Missile Defense Forces">Air and Missile Defense Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">Space Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Defence Forces">Aerospace Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Radio-Technical_Troops" title="Russian Radio-Technical Troops">Radio-Technical Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz" title="Spetsnaz">Special Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special Operations Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_of_the_Main_Directorate_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces">Special Forces of the Main Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_of_the_Supreme_High_Command" title="Reserve of the Supreme High Command">Reserve of the Supreme High Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BARS_(Russia)" title="BARS (Russia)">BARS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Airborne Forces</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Commander of the Russian Airborne Forces">Commander</a>)  •  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategic Rocket Forces</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Commander of the Strategic Rocket Forces">Commander</a>) </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Logistical_Support_troops79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logistical_Support_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces">Logistical Support</a> troops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Road_Troops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Road Troops (page does not exist)">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Railway_Troops" title="Russian Railway Troops">Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Departments in the <br /><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (GRU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Operational_Directorate_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Organizational-Mobilizational_Directorate_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Organizational-Mobilizational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Organizational-Mobilizational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Management_Center" title="National Defense Management Center">National Defense Management Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Military-Political_Directorate_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Band_Service_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Russia" title="Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia">Military Band Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_(Russia)" title="Military Police (Russia)">Main Directorate of Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAU" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAU">Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (GRAU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Chief_Directorate" title="12th Chief Directorate">12th Chief Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Agency_of_Automobiles_and_Tanks_of_the_Ministry_of_Defense_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation">Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Military_Medical_Directorate_(Russia)" title="Main Military Medical Directorate (Russia)">Main Military Medical Directorate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krasnaya_Zvezda" title="Krasnaya Zvezda">Krasnaya Zvezda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Television_and_Radio_Studio_of_the_Russian_Ministry_of_Defence" title="Central Television and Radio Studio of the Russian Ministry of Defence">Central Television and Radio Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Rear of the Russian Armed Forces">Rear of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces' equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Russian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Russian military aircraft">Air Forces' equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Russian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Russian Navy ships">Navy ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Future of the Russian Navy">Future of the Russian Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military academy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Corps_(Russia)" title="Cadet Corps (Russia)">Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Cadet_Corps_(Russia)" title="Naval Cadet Corps (Russia)">Naval Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Corps" title="Page Corps">Page Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_departments_of_civilian_universities_(Soviet_Union_and_post-Soviet_area)" title="Military departments of civilian universities (Soviet Union and post-Soviet area)">Military departments of civilian universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military education in the Soviet Union">Military academies in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Russia" title="Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia">Military Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_Russia" title="Military academies in Russia">Military academies in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Military_School" title="Suvorov Military School">Suvorov Military School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military training centers of civilian universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Strategic_missile_forces_of_the_world37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strategic_forces" title="Template:Strategic forces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strategic_forces" title="Template talk:Strategic forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic_forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic forces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Strategic_missile_forces_of_the_world37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Strategic missile forces of the world</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">People's Liberation Army Rocket Force</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Force_de_dissuasion" title="Force de dissuasion">Force de dissuasion</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_Strategic_Force" title="Korean People's Army Strategic Force">Korean People's Army Strategic Force</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Strategic_Forces_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Army Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Strategic_Forces_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Strategic_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Air Force Strategic Command (Pakistan)">Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategic Rocket Forces</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Strategic_Missile_Force" title="Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force">Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Command_(United_Kingdom)" title="Strategic Command (United Kingdom)">British Strategic Forces Command</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">United States Strategic Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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