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<div class="region region-alerte"> <div class="bandeaux block block-rsf-bandeau-alerte block-rsf-bandeau-alerte-bandeaux-block" id="block-rsf-bandeaux-alerte-block"> <div><div data-bandeau-id="6" class="bandeau"> <button class="bandeau__close">Fermer</button> <div class="bandeau__cta"> <div class="field field--name-field-titre-long field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">L'album RSF consacré à Man Ray est disponible partout !</div> <div class="field field--name-field-lien field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://boutique.rsf.org/product/78-man-ray/" class="cta-fort">Acheter l'album</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="layout-content"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-rsf-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="pays taxonomy-term vocabulary-pays-region" id="taxonomy-term-90"> <div class="content"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div class="header-wrapper-content"> <div class="text-wrapper"><a href="/zh-hans/region-afrique" class="surtitre" hreflang="zh-hans">非洲</a><div class="titre">苏丹</div> <div class="text-analyse field field--name-field-accroche field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">-</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-visuel field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30.31 24.91"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff;fill-rule:evenodd;}</style></defs><g id="Calque_2" data-name="Calque 2"><g id="SD"><polygon class="cls-1" points="30.24 7.72 29.81 7.45 29.72 7.32 29.66 7.36 29.57 7.39 29.44 7.24 29.34 7.09 29.07 6.82 28.72 6.57 28.48 6.52 28.36 6.46 28.25 6.33 28.05 5.83 27.85 4.91 27.88 4.52 27.75 3.91 27.74 3.4 27.81 3.09 27.71 2.76 27.68 2.46 27.66 2.3 27.67 2.07 27.79 2.12 27.87 2.19 27.88 2.13 27.87 2.06 27.78 1.91 27.55 1.65 27.27 1.16 27.19 0.82 27.17 0.39 26.58 0.39 25.98 0.39 25.39 0.39 24.8 0.39 24.21 0.39 23.61 0.39 23.02 0.39 22.43 0.39 21.84 0.39 21.25 0.39 20.65 0.39 20.06 0.39 19.47 0.39 18.88 0.39 18.28 0.39 17.69 0.39 17.35 0.39 17.41 0.22 17.45 0.1 17.41 0.02 17.29 0 17.21 0.03 17.04 0.38 16.95 0.39 16.73 0.39 16.05 0.39 15.36 0.39 14.66 0.39 13.97 0.39 13.29 0.39 12.6 0.39 11.91 0.39 11.22 0.39 10.53 0.39 9.84 0.39 9.15 0.39 8.46 0.39 7.77 0.39 7.08 0.39 6.39 0.39 5.7 0.39 5.7 1.33 5.7 2.26 5.7 3.2 5.7 4.13 5.69 4.13 5.68 4.13 5.68 4.14 5.67 4.14 5.23 4.14 4.78 4.14 4.34 4.14 3.89 4.14 3.89 4.37 3.89 4.61 3.89 4.84 3.89 5.07 3.89 5.9 3.89 6.73 3.89 7.56 3.89 8.39 3.9 9.21 3.9 10.04 3.9 10.86 3.9 11.68 3.9 11.95 3.87 12.06 3.86 12.08 3.83 12.09 3.4 12.02 3.21 12.02 2.95 12.07 2.56 12.11 2.31 12.1 2.14 12.24 2 12.41 2.07 12.81 2.05 12.95 2 13.09 1.88 13.21 1.76 13.3 1.69 13.39 1.61 13.57 1.54 13.66 1.55 13.77 1.53 13.89 1.46 13.96 1.28 14.01 1.16 14.06 1.07 14.15 1 14.21 1.04 14.29 1.08 14.41 1.11 14.59 1.13 14.7 1.22 14.78 1.27 14.85 1.29 14.92 1.24 14.98 1.02 15.12 0.93 15.16 0.83 15.23 0.79 15.26 0.63 15.38 0.55 15.49 0.51 15.58 0.51 15.71 0.59 15.9 0.68 16.06 0.71 16.18 0.74 16.32 0.73 16.44 0.68 16.55 0.6 16.65 0.3 16.84 0.15 17.04 0.03 17.29 0 17.43 0.03 17.52 0.1 17.59 0.19 17.63 0.32 17.64 0.53 17.6 0.74 17.57 0.95 17.66 1.06 17.87 1.02 18.02 1.1 18.3 1.17 18.63 1.17 18.74 1.2 18.79 1.33 18.81 1.36 18.89 1.32 19.47 1.38 19.63 1.47 19.75 1.57 19.81 1.68 19.89 1.73 19.94 1.85 19.95 1.98 20.06 2.02 20.2 2.01 20.34 1.93 20.63 1.87 20.83 2 21.06 2.06 21.14 2.58 21.67 2.69 21.8 2.95 22.18 3.1 22.44 3.29 22.82 3.31 23.02 3.28 23.2 3.25 23.69 3.2 23.84 2.97 24.1 2.96 24.22 3 24.32 3.08 24.36 3.12 24.41 3.09 24.64 3.17 24.73 3.35 24.79 3.79 24.83 4.01 24.87 4.19 24.91 4.22 24.86 4.31 24.73 4.47 24.64 4.89 24.51 4.91 24.46 4.92 24.3 4.95 24.21 5.1 23.98 5.12 23.89 5.12 23.7 5.14 23.6 5.18 23.54 5.3 23.42 5.34 23.36 5.36 23.2 5.34 22.91 5.4 22.79 5.67 22.52 5.74 22.4 5.76 22.29 5.76 22.18 5.78 22.07 5.85 21.97 5.92 21.93 6.12 21.9 6.25 21.92 7.17 21.74 7.28 21.76 7.33 21.87 7.33 22.05 7.34 22.13 7.39 22.19 7.54 22.27 7.64 22.41 7.7 22.46 7.84 22.56 8.53 23.36 8.73 23.43 8.92 23.41 9.29 23.24 9.48 23.2 10.79 23.25 10.94 23.22 10.94 23.22 11.14 23.62 11.24 23.71 12.68 23.72 12.65 23.61 12.67 23.48 12.83 23.31 12.92 23.23 12.92 23.23 12.96 23.2 13.18 23.09 13.39 23.01 13.81 22.92 13.96 22.77 14.05 22.64 14.05 22.38 14.1 22.34 14.2 22.28 14.69 22.05 14.77 22 15.62 22.54 16.1 22.96 16.13 22.98 16.15 22.99 16.18 22.98 16.2 22.96 16.23 22.95 16.25 22.94 16.46 22.93 16.85 22.91 16.97 22.86 17.75 22.1 17.95 21.85 18 21.8 18.11 21.63 18.23 21.33 18.25 21.3 19.1 20.58 19.13 20.52 19.14 20.48 19.01 20.24 18.98 20.11 18.98 19.93 19 19.63 19 19.44 18.99 19.42 18.98 19.39 18.98 19.38 18.5 18.86 19.7 18.85 19.71 18.81 19.7 18.78 19.7 18.76 19.68 18.7 19.67 18.61 19.66 18.59 19.67 18.57 19.67 18.52 19.67 18.5 19.67 18.49 19.67 18.48 19.67 18.47 19.68 18.46 20.54 18.47 20.53 18.62 20.42 18.97 20.42 19.18 20.4 19.43 20.39 19.45 20.37 19.5 20.35 19.53 20.33 19.55 20.32 19.57 20.31 19.58 20.31 19.61 20.49 20.96 20.48 20.99 20.48 21.01 20.43 21.1 20.42 21.13 20.41 21.15 20.43 21.16 20.83 21.31 20.85 21.32 20.86 21.33 21.01 21.5 21.79 22.14 21.82 22.17 21.9 22.37 21.91 22.4 21.91 22.45 21.91 22.49 21.89 22.61 21.89 22.66 21.91 22.7 21.92 22.74 21.92 22.75 21.92 22.76 21.91 22.78 21.8 23.01 21.76 23.18 21.75 23.31 21.75 23.39 21.77 23.44 21.77 23.46 21.78 23.46 21.78 23.47 21.79 23.47 22.12 23.47 22.13 23.47 22.13 23.38 22.2 22.99 22.27 22.76 22.32 22.65 22.51 22.27 22.55 22.15 22.55 22.04 22.48 21.54 22.61 21.3 22.76 21.07 22.9 20.97 23.02 20.9 23.07 20.93 23.2 21.04 23.38 21.15 23.46 21.12 23.58 21.03 23.67 20.93 23.66 20.75 23.73 20.39 23.72 20.18 23.8 19.92 23.9 19.56 23.94 19.32 23.99 19.2 24.25 18.95 24.46 18.58 24.6 18.32 24.87 17.89 25 17.73 25.11 17.66 25.27 17.62 25.57 17.58 25.79 17.54 25.82 17.49 25.84 17.4 25.84 17.21 25.89 16.88 25.98 16.55 26.09 16.3 26.15 16.19 26.22 16.08 26.3 15.9 26.4 15.51 26.4 15.24 26.54 14.75 26.48 14.22 26.45 13.87 26.41 13.5 26.37 13.14 26.54 12.93 26.62 12.72 26.82 12.05 26.9 11.92 27.07 11.56 27.09 11.46 27.25 11 27.23 10.7 27.2 10.4 27.29 10.22 27.36 10.07 27.36 9.95 27.39 9.67 27.42 9.6 27.51 9.59 27.71 9.63 27.85 9.6 28.02 9.6 28.14 9.59 28.22 9.5 28.32 9.17 28.39 9.11 28.44 9.09 28.59 9.02 28.71 8.93 28.81 8.86 28.85 8.84 28.96 8.84 29.07 8.79 29.12 8.75 29.25 8.71 29.39 8.73 29.48 8.69 29.54 8.66 29.6 8.66 29.66 8.62 29.69 8.56 29.73 8.53 29.84 8.44 29.88 8.38 29.9 8.31 29.93 8.27 29.97 8.18 30.15 7.97 30.31 7.84 30.24 7.72"/></g></g></svg></div> <div class="popin-classement preview-pays"><div class="current-year"><div>2024 年的指数</div> <div class="position"><span class="general bg-color-5"></span> <span class="rang"><span class="current">149</span>/ 180</span> </div> <div class="score current">分数 : 35.73</div> <div class="indicateurs-wrapper"><div><div class="indicateur-title">政治指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">141</div> <div class="indicateur-score">32.87</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">经济指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">152</div> <div class="indicateur-score">32.66</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">法律指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">149</div> <div class="indicateur-score">37.64</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">社会文化指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">138</div> <div class="indicateur-score">46.09</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">安全指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">161</div> <div class="indicateur-score">29.39</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="prev-year"><div>2023 年的指数</div> <div class="position"><span class="rang"><span class="current down">148</span>/ 180</span> </div> <div class="score current">分数 : 40.83</div> <div class="indicateurs-wrapper"><div><div class="indicateur-title">政治指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">143</div> <div class="indicateur-score">42.08</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">经济指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">169</div> <div class="indicateur-score">28.43</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">法律指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">160</div> <div class="indicateur-score">31.45</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">社会文化指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">149</div> <div class="indicateur-score">40.15</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">安全指标</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">99</div> <div class="indicateur-score">62.05</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper-block-sticky"> <div class="content-block-sticky"> <div class="wrapper-sticky-anchors"><div class="item-list"><ul class="links"><li><span class="label-anchor-highlight">苏丹</span> </li><li><a href="/zh-hans/pays-soudan#medias-5895">Médias</a></li><li><a href="/zh-hans/pays-soudan#politique-5897">Politique</a></li><li><a href="/zh-hans/pays-soudan#legislation-5899">Législation</a></li><li><a href="/zh-hans/pays-soudan#economie-5901">Economie</a></li><li><a href="/zh-hans/pays-soudan#societe-5903">Société</a></li><li><a href="/zh-hans/pays-soudan#securite-5905">Sécurité</a></li><li><a href="/zh-hans/pays-soudan#toutes-les-publications">新闻稿</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="wrapper-social-shared"><div class="title">分享</div> <div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://rsf.org/zh-hans/pays-soudan" class="link-shared-social link-social-facebook" target="_blank">facebook</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=https://rsf.org/zh-hans/pays-soudan" class="link-shared-social link-social-twitter" target="_blank">twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://rsf.org/zh-hans/pays-soudan" class="link-shared-social link-social-linkedin" target="_blank">linkedin</a></li><li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b887ebcddad2dddbcc855033375c00019ed9d5c883dad7dcc185d0ccccc8cb829797cacbde96d7cadf97c2d095d0d9d6cb97c8d9c1cb95cbd7cddcd9d6" class="mailto-link">电子邮件</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="content-node"></div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-chapo field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="ltr"><span>Le coup d’État militaire du 25 octobre 2021 a signé le retour du contrôle de l’information et de la censure. Depuis l’éclatement du conflit, le 15 avril 2023, entre l’armée régulière du général Burhan et les paramilitaires des Forces de soutien rapide menées par le général “Hemetti”, les menaces, les attaques et les exactions contre les journalistes ont fortement augmenté, ce qui a poussé nombre d’entre eux à fuir vers les pays voisins. </span></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-contenu-editorial field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="medias-5895">Paysage médiatique</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>Les médias audiovisuels, principalement contrôlés par l'État, constituent la principale source d'information, à l’instar de la </span><em>Sudan National Radio Corporation</em><span> et de </span><em>Sudan National Broadcasting Corporation</em><span>, qui sont des outils de communication du régime. Depuis le coup d’État du 25 octobre 2021, la situation des médias et journalistes indépendants s’est dégradée et le secteur s’est fortement polarisé. Des professionnels des médias critiques ont été arrêtés et Internet est régulièrement bloqué pour museler l’information. Des messages de propagande sont diffusés dans les médias publics sous le contrôle des militaires, rappelant les méthodes employées sous le régime d’Omar el-Béchir (1989-2019). Les médias ont été touchés de plein fouet par la guerre et nombre d’entre eux ont cessé de paraître ou d’émettre.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="politique-5897">Contexte politique</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>Après 20 ans de dictature militaire et une tentative de transition démocratique en 2019, le putsch du général Burhan, en 2021, a mis en péril les récentes et timides avancées en matière de liberté de la presse. L’organisme de régulation des médias soudanais (National Council for Press and Publication) est habilité à fermer des médias critiques sans décision judiciaire, et le ministère de l’Information gère les licences de radiodiffusion de façon très politisée. Le conflit interne qui a débuté en avril 2023 entre les Forces armées soudanaises (l’armée régulière) du général Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, chef de la junte qui est à la tête du pays depuis 2021, et les paramilitaires des Forces de soutien rapide menées par le général Mohamed Hamdan Daglo dit “Hemetti”, a aggravé la situation des journalistes, soumis aux pressions, intimidations et attaques des parties au conflit. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="legislation-5899">Cadre légal</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>La liberté de la presse et l’accès à l’information sont garanties par la Constitution provisoire adoptée en 2019. Néanmoins, certaines lois musèlent les médias critiques. La loi sur la cybercriminalité de 2020 limite la liberté des professionnels de l’information, tout comme la loi de 2009 relative à la presse et aux publications, qui permet de renforcer le contrôle des parutions par le biais du Conseil national de la presse et des publications. Enfin, la loi sur la sécurité nationale de 2010 criminalise la publication de mensonges et de </span><em>“fausses informations”</em><span>, et toute publication qui </span><em>“menace la tranquillité publique”</em><span> ou </span><em>“sape le prestige de l’État”</em><span>. En août 2022, un syndicat indépendant de journalistes a été à nouveau institué après 33 ans de musellement de la presse par le régime d’Omar el-Béchir, ce qui est un tournant marquant pour la défense des journalistes, des médias et de la liberté de la presse. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="economie-5901">Contexte économique</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>La répartition des annonces publicitaires entre les médias est basée sur le clientélisme et l’affinité avec le gouvernement, et l’État prive de publicités ceux qui ne soutiennent pas ses positions. Dans l’espoir d’améliorer leurs conditions matérielles et sociales, certains journalistes se voient obligés de travailler avec le secteur militaire et les mouvements armés. La pandémie a profondément affecté le secteur au Soudan, notamment pour les femmes journalistes, nombreuses à avoir été licenciées. Les fréquentes coupures d'électricité et les dommages causés par la guerre sur les infrastructures de communication ou même sur les locaux et le matériel des médias entravent fortement le fonctionnement de ces derniers. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="societe-5903">Contexte socioculturel</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>Le Soudan est un pays multiculturel et pluriethnique où la tolérance et le vivre ensemble sont mis à mal. La sensibilité des groupes ethniques est extrêmement exacerbée, et les accusations d’offenses se multiplient, et visent essentiellement les médias. L’interférence des groupes religieux, qui usent de leurs réseaux pour défendre leurs intérêts, contribuent à assombrir l’horizon de la presse. La révolution a été synonyme d’une certaine liberté de ton sur les réseaux sociaux, mais, mal contrôlée et excessive, elle alimente le racisme et la misogynie, se concentrant sur les femmes et les minorités ethniques et sexuelles.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="securite-5905">Sécurité</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>Les menaces qu’encourent les journalistes se sont accentuées ces dernières années avec l’émergence de nouvelles milices et de mouvements armés. Lors des manifestations, ils sont systématiquement agressés et insultés, voire arrêtés et torturés, par l’armée régulière ou les Forces de soutien rapide. Les journalistes critiques des autorités ou ayant publié des documents les compromettant sont surveillés. Les femmes journalistes sont particulièrement visées par des intimidations, menaces ou actes de représailles. Protégés par les autorités, les prédateurs des journalistes jouissent d’une impunité totale. Le Réseau soudanais des journalistes, et le Réseau médias et droits de l’homme, constituent des mécanismes civils documentant les violations de leurs droits. Depuis le début du conflit interne, le 15 avril 2023, certains médias ont vu leurs locaux attaqués et pillés, et les attaques et exactions contre les journalistes ont fortement augmenté, ce qui a poussé nombre d’entre eux à fuir vers les pays voisins.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strates field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--barometre-exactions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="barometre-exactions-wrapper"> <div class="wrapper-top"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Exactions en temps réel au Soudan</h2> </div> <a href="/zh-hans/barometre" class="go-to-barometre"></a> </div> <div class="barometre-real-time"><div class="exaction-pays--content real-time--content"><div class="chart-card tue"><div class="chart-card--text-wrapper"><div class="chart-card--title">2025 年1月1日至今遇害人数</div> <div class="chart-card--journaliste"><span>0</span> 记者</div> <div class="chart-card--media"><span>0</span> 媒体工作人员</div> </div> <div class="doughnut-wrapper"><canvas class="doughnut" data-total="0" data-line1="0" data-line2="0" data-empty="true"></canvas> <div class="doughnut--total">0</div> </div> </div> <div class="chart-card emprisonnement"><div class="chart-card--text-wrapper"><div class="chart-card--title">监禁至今人数</div> <div class="chart-card--journaliste"><span>1</span> 记者</div> <div class="chart-card--media"><span>1</span> 媒体工作人员</div> </div> <div class="doughnut-wrapper"><canvas class="doughnut" data-total="2" data-line1="1" data-line2="1" data-empty="false"></canvas> <div class="doughnut--total">2</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph 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