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property="name">Galaxy Formation and Evolution</span> <meta property="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <figure class="top-image" style="aspect-ratio: 600 / 250;"> <picture class="" data-iesrc="/106319/header_image-1427707086.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6ODQ4LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6ImpwZyIsIm9ial9pZCI6MTA2MzE5fQ%3D%3D--c2750159a924f0b9dfc208ef07b48f292f378b38" data-alt="Credit: EAGLE project and SDSS Consortium" data-class="img-responsive img-fluid figure-img"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/106319/header_image-1427707086.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjEwNjMxOX0%3D--9a59d4c3c233ddc6661573dc22c84e7e622942cd 414w, /106319/header_image-1427707086.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6Mzc1LCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjEwNjMxOX0%3D--35e63975a9b6b9a00676ed96f72948d89ccf8856 375w, /106319/header_image-1427707086.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzIwLCJmaWxlX2V4dGVuc2lvbiI6IndlYnAiLCJvYmpfaWQiOjEwNjMxOX0%3D--d543552ca2429dd82a61e73449fd0fd9aa8db86f 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href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?t=Max+Planck+Institute+for+Astrophysics+-+Galaxy+Formation&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpa-garching.mpg.de%2Fgalaxyformation"></a> <a class="social-button linkedin" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpa-garching.mpg.de%2Fgalaxyformation"></a> <a class="social-button reddit" target="_blank" title="Reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?title=Max+Planck+Institute+for+Astrophysics+-+Galaxy+Formation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpa-garching.mpg.de%2Fgalaxyformation"></a> <a class="social-button twitter" target="_blank" title="Twitter" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Max+Planck+Institute+for+Astrophysics+-+Galaxy+Formation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpa-garching.mpg.de%2Fgalaxyformation"></a> <a class="social-button whatsapp visible-xs" title="WhatsApp" href="whatsapp://send?text=Max+Planck+Institute+for+Astrophysics+-+Galaxy+Formation+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpa-garching.mpg.de%2Fgalaxyformation"></a> <a class="social-button xing" target="_blank" title="Xing" href="https://www.xing.com/spi/shares/new?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpa-garching.mpg.de%2Fgalaxyformation"></a> <a class="social-button email" title="E-Mail" href="mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpa-garching.mpg.de%2Fgalaxyformation&subject=Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Astrophysics%20-%20Galaxy%20Formation"></a> <a class="social-button print" title="Print" href=""></a> </div> <div class="meta-information"> <div class="data"> </div> </div> <p class="summary">Theoretical research in galaxy formation at MPA uses a variety of techniques, ranging from direct numerical simulations to analytic and semi-analytic modelling. In addition, we are involved in the construction of large observational surveys and in the development of advanced data analysis tools.</p> <h2>Senior scientists</h2> <div class="separator"></div> <div class="box-grey"> <div class="teaser-extension teaser teaser-horizontal vertical"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="img-box"> <picture class=" deferred-picture" data-iesrc="/523955/original-1521537426.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjI1MywiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1MjM5NTV9--9e9ca8001d995175f582b8e0c40641b4d580f064" data-alt="Guinevere Kauffmann" data-class="img-responsive"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" 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type="image/webp" data-srcset="/523955/original-1521537426.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjI1MywiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoid2VicCIsInF1YWxpdHkiOjg2LCJvYmpfaWQiOjUyMzk1NX0%3D--0ce2b32c34c126c4a54c2b66675961d94be6d3aa 190w, /523955/original-1521537426.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzgwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNiwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoid2VicCIsIm9ial9pZCI6NTIzOTU1fQ%3D%3D--f03fb4a5df5b0edee6c9fc94fc5653e5241a1b7c 380w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="190px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/523955/original-1521537426.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjI1MywiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1MjM5NTV9--9e9ca8001d995175f582b8e0c40641b4d580f064 190w, /523955/original-1521537426.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzgwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNiwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1MjM5NTV9--2b9fc0517e60d4431689f3aad3b5c056de98cfb1 380w" /><img alt="Guinevere Kauffmann" data-src="/523955/original-1521537426.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjI1MywiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1MjM5NTV9--9e9ca8001d995175f582b8e0c40641b4d580f064" class="img-responsive" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" /></picture> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-9 mt-2 mt-md-0"> <div class="text-box"> <div class="meta-information "> <h3> Guinevere Kauffmann </h3> <div class="data"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> Kauffmann was born in 1968 in Pasadena, California to parents of German-Jewish and Chinese descent, and obtained a BSc(Hons) in applied mathematics and a MSc in astronomy at the University of Cape Town in 1990. She completed her Ph.D in astrophysics at the University of Cambridge in 1993.<br> <br> After being employed at UC Berkeley, the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, she became head of a research team at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in 2003.<br> <br> In 2007, Dr Kauffmann received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. In 2009, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In April 2010, she was awarded with the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, with the Cross of Merit. In 2010, she was elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In 2012, she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. As of 2013, she is one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics.<br> <br> Her areas of research interest include the development of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation, the analysis of observed properties of galaxies including active galactic nucleii, large spectroscopic surveys of galaxies, and development of effective techniques for connecting galaxy formation models to observations. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p></p> <div class="box-grey"> <div class="teaser-extension teaser teaser-horizontal vertical"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="img-box"> <a href="/"><picture class=" deferred-picture" data-iesrc="/524117/original-1518444195.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjE0MiwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1MjQxMTd9--ceb94b70f694ca0fc966821a0b17755c2a00a22e" data-alt="Simon White" data-class="img-responsive"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" 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galaxy population. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="box-grey"> <div class="teaser-extension teaser teaser-horizontal vertical"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="img-box"> <a target="_blank" class="external" href="http://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~naab/naab/welcome.html"><picture class=" deferred-picture" data-iesrc="/524126/original-1518444195.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjE0MiwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1MjQxMjZ9--4bf34895b8a7d50ddf903ce126deb672789becb3" data-alt="Thorsten Naab" data-class="img-responsive"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" data-srcset="/524126/original-1518444195.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6NDE0LCJoZWlnaHQiOjMxMCwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoid2VicCIsIm9ial9pZCI6NTI0MTI2fQ%3D%3D--cd092f5c923605ecd46cc3a421661295f1401a41 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data-src="/524126/original-1518444195.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjE0MiwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1MjQxMjZ9--4bf34895b8a7d50ddf903ce126deb672789becb3" class="img-responsive" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" /></picture></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-9 mt-2 mt-md-0"> <div class="text-box"> <div class="meta-information "> <h3> <a class="external" target="_blank" href="http://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~naab/naab/welcome.html">Thorsten Naab</a> </h3> <div class="data"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> simulates the formation of individual galaxies and their interstellar medium and is particularly interested in improving the numerical represention of the complex processes driving galaxy-scale feedback from star formation and AGN activity. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="box-grey"> <div class="teaser-extension teaser 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/548519/original-1525418704.webp?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzgwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNiwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoid2VicCIsIm9ial9pZCI6NTQ4NTE5fQ%3D%3D--cda1c4f73bc047df8ec7ae714701168bd42dbe56 380w" /><source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E 1w" sizes="190px" type="image/jpeg" data-srcset="/548519/original-1525418704.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjI1MywiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1NDg1MTl9--7ede146ec520a13e5e6f8c102a8d9825aa0c35b4 190w, /548519/original-1525418704.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MzgwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNiwiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1NDg1MTl9--dba6c191fe188179043ca6d98abfaf72d050a8c6 380w" /><img alt="Volker Springel" data-src="/548519/original-1525418704.jpg?t=eyJ3aWR0aCI6MTkwLCJoZWlnaHQiOjI1MywiZml0IjoiY3JvcCIsImZpbGVfZXh0ZW5zaW9uIjoianBnIiwib2JqX2lkIjo1NDg1MTl9--7ede146ec520a13e5e6f8c102a8d9825aa0c35b4" class="img-responsive" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" /></picture> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-9 mt-2 mt-md-0"> <div class="text-box"> <div class="meta-information "> <h3> Volker Springel </h3> <div class="data"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> works on new techniques in computational astrophysics and applies them to non-linear cosmic structure formation, the regulation of galaxy and star formation through feedback processes from supernovae and supermassive black holes, the intergalactic medium, and to different models of dark matter and dark energy. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="separator"></div> <h2>Group Members</h2> <div class="employee_list as_extension" 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data-field-label="Name" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-1" data-field-label-readable="Name"><a title="More information about Azyzy, Shaghaiegh" href="/person/131265/66835"><span class="icon link_like_text employee_name">Azyzy, Shaghaiegh</span></a><div class="position">PhD student</div><div class="special_function"></div></div> <div class="phone tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Phone" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-1" data-field-label-readable="Phone"></div> <div class="fax tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Fax" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-1" data-field-label-readable="Fax"></div> <div class="email tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Email" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-1" data-field-label-readable="Email"><a data-indirect-mail="true" href="mailto:"></a></div> <div class="room tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Room" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-1" data-field-label-readable="Room"></div> <div class="links last tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Links" 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href="mailto:b8d6410c641a44eb603cbf6a6a77ef391c6ac71803ae3b36259f84f2">danigaes@...</a></div> <div class="room tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Room" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-2" data-field-label-readable="Room">109</div> <div class="links last tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Links" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-2" data-field-label-readable="Links"><a class="external" target="_blank" href="https://www.ias.u-psud.fr/dgalarra/">https://www.ias.u-psud.fr/dgalarra/</a> </div> <div class="name first tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Name" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-3" data-field-label-readable="Name"><a title="More information about González Lobos, Jay" href="/person/109565/66835"><span class="icon link_like_text employee_name">González Lobos, Jay</span></a><div class="position">PhD student</div><div class="special_function"></div></div> <div class="phone tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Phone" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-3" data-field-label-readable="Phone"><ul class="no_list_icon"><li>2030</li></ul></div> <div class="fax tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Fax" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-3" data-field-label-readable="Fax"></div> <div class="email tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Email" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-3" data-field-label-readable="Email"><a data-indirect-mail="true" href="mailto:aad64300641761f55030e26c2662ed23166cc95809f0316826d4">valegl@...</a></div> <div class="room tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Room" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-3" data-field-label-readable="Room">018</div> <div class="links last tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Links" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-3" data-field-label-readable="Links"></div> <div class="name first tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Name" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-4" data-field-label-readable="Name"><a title="More information about Herwig, Eileen" href="/person/124989/66835"><span class="icon link_like_text employee_name">Herwig, Eileen</span></a><div class="position">PhD student</div><div class="special_function"></div></div> <div class="phone tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Phone" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-4" data-field-label-readable="Phone"><ul class="no_list_icon"><li>2344</li></ul></div> <div class="fax tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Fax" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-4" data-field-label-readable="Fax"></div> <div class="email tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Email" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-4" data-field-label-readable="Email"><a data-indirect-mail="true" href="mailto:b9df4a17741246d84d21ae262071fc28176bc0114aed26216cd585">eherwig@...</a></div> <div class="room tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Room" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-4" data-field-label-readable="Room">284</div> <div class="links last tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Links" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-4" data-field-label-readable="Links"></div> <div class="name first tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Name" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-5" data-field-label-readable="Name"><a title="More information about Jin, Gaoxiang" href="/person/125029/66835"><span class="icon link_like_text employee_name">Jin, Gaoxiang</span></a><div class="position">PhD student</div><div class="special_function"></div></div> <div class="phone tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Phone" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-5" data-field-label-readable="Phone"><ul class="no_list_icon"><li>2298</li></ul></div> <div class="fax tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Fax" data-blank="true" data-row-id="238749-5" data-field-label-readable="Fax"></div> <div class="email tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Email" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-5" data-field-label-readable="Email"><a data-indirect-mail="true" href="mailto:bbcf450c6d3b4ce8417ca86a3573e6221165801b14e7782227">gxjin@...</a></div> <div class="room tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Room" 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data-row-id="238749-10" data-field-label-readable="Room">161</div> <div class="links last tabcard-entry" data-field-label="Links" data-blank="false" data-row-id="238749-10" data-field-label-readable="Links"><a class="external" target="_blank" href="https://a-vani.github.io/">https://a-vani.github.io/</a> </div> <style media="screen"> [data-id="238749"] { grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(auto, max-content)) 1fr; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <h2>Projects</h2> <div class="box-grey text-block-extension"> <div class="teaser-extension teaser teaser-horizontal"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="text-box"> <div class="text_block"><p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>GALFORMOD </strong>- <a class="link external" href="http://galformod.mpa-garching.mpg.de/public/LGalaxies/index.php">Web Services for Galaxy Formation model</a> - The goal of Galformod is to develop and release powerful and flexible modeling tools that can simulate the evolution of the galaxy population in all viable cosmologies and under a wide variety of assumptions about the governing physical processes.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ATLAS 3D</strong> - ATLAS3D is an integral field unit (IFU) survey of 260 early-type galaxies within the local (42Mpc) volume.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>GASS</strong> - <a class="link external" href="http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/GASS/index.php">The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey</a>  is a survey designed to measure the neutral hydrogen content of a representative sample of ~1000 massive, galaxies, uniformly selected from the SDSS spectroscopic and GALEX imaging surveys.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>COLD GASS</strong> - contains accurate and homogeneous molecular gas masses for a subset of 350 galaxies from the GASS sample <a class="link external" href="http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/COLD_GASS/">COLD GASS</a>.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Apertif - </strong><a class="link external" href="http://www.astron.nl/general/apertif/apertif"> Apertif</a> aims to increase the field of view of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) by a factor 25, enabling large HI surveys of the nearby universe to be carried out.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>PFS - </strong><a class="link external" href="http://pfs.ipmu.jp/factsheet/">PFS</a> is a fiber fed spectrograph system with a fiber positioner system designed to be mounted at the prime focus of the Subaru telescope on Mauna Kea, and feeding 4 fixed spectrographs. PFS will allow simultaneous spectral observations of up to 2400 astronomical targets.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>MaNGA</strong> - Unlike previous SDSS surveys which measured spectra only at the centers of target galaxies, MaNGA  bundles sets of optical fibers into tightly-packed arrays, enabling spectral measurements across the face of each of ~10,000 nearby galaxies.<a class="link external" href="http://www.sdss.org/surveys/manga/">SDSS-IV ManGA survey</a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>EAGLE</strong> -<strong> </strong><a class="link external" href="http://icc.dur.ac.uk/Eagle/">EAGLE project</a> (Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments) is a very large N-body + hydrodynamics simulation aimed at understanding how galaxies form and evolve.</p> <p></p> <p></p> </div> </article> </main> <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9"> <div class="sidebar-slider"> <div class="side-nav-scroller"> </div> </div> <div class="graybox_container noindex hidden-print"> <div class="linklist graybox clearfix"> <ul> <li><a target="_self" class="" href="/746637/news">Galaxy News</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="" href="/746650/people">Researchers</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="" href="/305722/Galaxy-Formation">Publications</a></li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> /*-=deferred=-*/ document .querySelectorAll(".linklist.graybox a[data-samepage]") .forEach(function(link) { if (link.hash == location.hash) link.classList.add("active") }) document .querySelectorAll(".linklist.graybox a[data-childrenpage]") .forEach(function(link) { if (link.hash == location.hash) link.classList.add("active") }) </script> </div> </div> <div class="group-extension"> <div class="h3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" id="group_button_content_right_0" aria-controls="group_region_content_right_0"> Recent Research Highlights <i class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-down2"></i> </div> <div class="wrapper-mobile" role="region" id="group_region_content_right_0" aria-labelledby="group_button_content_right_0"> <div class="tagged-articles-list-extension as_extension content-right ticker" id="extension_tagged_articles_list_732811"> <div class="ticker_children"> <div class="ticker_child"> <div class="text-box noindex"> <div class="meta-information"> <h4><a href="/1075828/news20230505?c=66835">Direct Imaging of Gas Recycling around a Massive Galaxy in the Early Universe</a></h4> <div class="data"> <p class="date">May 05, 2023</p> </div> <div class="tags"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> Galaxies are the birthplace of most stars and black holes. However, scientists are still debating, how galaxies accrete the fuel to sustain their growth, and how they in turn pollute their environment with elements heavier than helium. An international team of astrophysicists has now directly observed the neighborhood of a massive galaxy in the early universe. They find that the gas all around the galaxy is enriched with heavy elements, which means it has been polluted by the galaxy itself and by embedded satellite galaxies. Furthermore, this gas is spiraling onto the massive galaxy, fueling further star formation. </div> <div class="more-link"> <a title="Direct Imaging of Gas Recycling around a Massive Galaxy in the Early Universe" class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/1075828/news20230505?c=66835">more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ticker_child"> <div class="text-box noindex"> <div class="meta-information"> <h4><a href="/1073115/hl202304?c=66835">Astronomers witness a monstrous galaxy consuming its neighbour</a></h4> <div class="data"> <p class="date">April 01, 2023</p> </div> <div class="tags"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> Observing a supermassive black hole in the distant Universe, MPA astronomers have discovered that it is in the process of stripping gas from a neighbouring galaxy. The gas is being very quickly turned into stars in the black hole’s host galaxy and is allowing the black hole to grow very quickly. This agrees with theoretical predictions that massive galaxies and black holes form with help from mergers with smaller galaxies and bursts of star formation. </div> <div class="more-link"> <a title="Astronomers witness a monstrous galaxy consuming its neighbour" class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/1073115/hl202304?c=66835">more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ticker_child"> <div class="text-box noindex"> <div class="meta-information"> <h4><a href="/1066558/hl202211?c=66835">Cool circumgalactic gas in galaxy clusters</a></h4> <div class="data"> <p class="date">November 01, 2022</p> </div> <div class="tags"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> Galaxy clusters are our universe's largest gravitationally bound systems, extending out to several million light-years and hosting up to 1000 galaxies. The matter permeating the clusters is known as the “intracluster medium” (ICM), a very hot and ionized gas (T~ 10-100 million K) emitting bright X-rays due to thermal bremsstrahlung. Scientists from MPA and the University of Heidelberg have discovered that the ICM also contains a significant amount of cool gas (10,000 K) up to large distances. The statistical connection between the haloes of cluster galaxies and absorption features points toward a complex origin of this cool gas where clouds are either associated with satellite galaxies or were previously stripped from their haloes. </div> <div class="more-link"> <a title="Cool circumgalactic gas in galaxy clusters" class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/1066558/hl202211?c=66835">more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ticker_child"> <div class="text-box noindex"> <div class="meta-information"> <h4><a href="/1064295/hl202210?c=66835">Galaxies light up hydrogen halos around neighbouring galaxies</a></h4> <div class="data"> <p class="date">October 01, 2022</p> </div> <div class="tags"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> Galaxies are embedded in large reservoirs of gas - mostly hydrogen and helium. This hydrogen gas has been found to glow faintly in a specific ultraviolet wavelength, or color, called Lyman-alpha. Scientists at the MPA have discovered that these Lyman-alpha halos are larger than previously thought, spanning several 100,000 light years. The inferred size and shape of the halos suggest that the light in the outer parts of the halos comes from surrounding galaxies or the gas in their environments rather than from the central galaxy itself. </div> <div class="more-link"> <a title="Galaxies light up hydrogen halos around neighbouring galaxies" class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/1064295/hl202210?c=66835">more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ticker_child"> <div class="text-box noindex"> <div class="meta-information"> <h4><a href="/1047192/hl202202?c=66835">Nearby galaxy centres with unusual populations of very massive stars</a></h4> <div class="data"> <p class="date">February 01, 2022</p> </div> <div class="tags"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> A new study of galaxies with data from the MaNGA survey shows that the initial mass function of stars, i.e. the mass distribution when they initially form, might not be as universal as widely assumed. The MPA study found an excess of very massive stars in some galaxies. An excess of radio sources in the sample might be an intriguing hint that a hidden population of black holes may exist in these galaxies. </div> <div class="more-link"> <a title="Nearby galaxy centres with unusual populations of very massive stars" class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/1047192/hl202202?c=66835">more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ticker_child"> <div class="text-box noindex"> <div class="meta-information"> <h4><a href="/1022197/hl202112?c=66835">How do star clusters form in dwarf galaxies?</a></h4> <div class="data"> <p class="date">December 01, 2021</p> </div> <div class="tags"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> <br>In the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies, stars form in small groups groups of a few hundred and clusters up to several million stars. A full theoretical model of this process and its impact on galaxy evolution is still in its infancy. MPA researches and their collaborators have developed a highly complex numerical model to simulate the multi-phase ISM and how star clusters emerge in dwarf galaxies. The supercomputer simulations show that the properties of the star clusters depend on how efficiently stars can form from the cold dense gas. Detailed post-processing then allowed the researchers to compare their results to observations. This demonstrates the scientific fidelity of the new model, its current limitations, and observational limitations on how well clusters can be detected in regions of high star formation activity. The studies are a major step towards a comprehensive model for star cluster formation. </div> <div class="more-link"> <a title="How do star clusters form in dwarf galaxies?" class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/1022197/hl202112?c=66835">more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ticker_child"> <div class="text-box noindex"> <div class="meta-information"> <h4><a href="/1006852/hl202111?c=66835">Galaxy formation with L-GALAXIES: modelling the environmental dependency of galaxy evolution</a></h4> <div class="data"> <p class="date">November 01, 2021</p> </div> <div class="tags"> </div> </div> <div class="description"> The colours and star formation rates of galaxies are strongly correlated with each other out to distances as large as 10 Megaparsecs. However, current galaxy formation models fail to reproduce these large-scale correlations accurately. Scientists from MPA, the University of Surrey, and Heidelberg University are in the process of updating the Munich galaxy formation model, L-GALAXIES, with a sophisticated and accurate method to model environmental effects for all galaxies. The most recent updated model is in significantly better agreement with observations than its predecessors and exhibits a stronger environmental dependency of galaxy properties out to several Megaparsecs from the centers of their dark matter haloes. </div> <div class="more-link"> <a title="Galaxy formation with L-GALAXIES: modelling the environmental dependency of galaxy evolution" class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/1006852/hl202111?c=66835">more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap noindex"> <footer class="container-full-width green footer trngl-footer hidden-print"> <svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="width:100%; height:4em; overflow:visible" preserveAspectRatio="none"> <path class="footer-triangle" d="M 0 1 L 1 0 L 1 1.1 L 0 1.1" fill="none"/> </svg> <div class="container invert"> <div class="row"> <div class="to-top-dummy"></div> <a id="to-top-button" class="to-top" href="#top">Top</a> <div class="col-md-12 columns-quicklinks-container"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <ul class="quicklinks"> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="http://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/internal/">Intranet MPA</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="https://www.mpg.de/">MPG</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="/2426/sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="/2432/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary" href="https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/roundcube">Webmail</a></li> <li><a target="_self" class="btn btn-primary" href="https://max.mpg.de/">MAX (MPG Intranet)</a></li> <li > <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/2486/selfservice_page">Self Service</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <footer class="container-full-width darkgreen institute-subfooter hidden-print"> <div class="container space-between invert"> <div class="logo"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mpg.de/en"> <div class="mpg-icon mpg-icon-logo"></div> </a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mpg.de/en"> <div class="copyright-text copyright-text-upper"> <span class="">Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="links"> <ul> <li><a target="_self" href="/imprint">Imprint</a></li><li><a target="_self" href="/privacypolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright-sign"> © </div> <p class="copyright-text copyright-text-right">2024, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</p> </div> </div> </footer> <footer class="container-full-width visible-print-block"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="content"> <p>© 2003-2024, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="visible-print print-footer"> <div class="print-footer-button print-webview-toggle"> Web-View </div> <div class="print-footer-button print-page"> Print Page </div> <div class="print-footer-button"> <a target="mpg_print_window" class="print-footer-button print-open-window" rel="nofollow" href="/galaxyformation?print=yes">Open in new window</a> </div> <span class="print-estimate-label"> Estimated DIN-A4 page-width </span> </div> <div id="go_to_live" class="hidden-print noindex"><a class="infobox_link" target="_blank" title="https://mpa.iedit.mpg.de/66835/Galaxy_Formation" rel="nofollow" href="https://mpa.iedit.mpg.de/66835/Galaxy_Formation">Go to Editor View</a></div> <script type="module"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.addEventListener('AMD',function(){ amdRequest() }); /*-=deferred=-*/ //]]> </script> <script type="module"> var criticalCSSTest = window.localStorage && (window.localStorage.getItem("critical-css-test") == "1") window.addEventListener(criticalCSSTest ? 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