CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Six-stroke engine - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c84e9d75-feb1-4bde-8a27-dfca5bf6a9cd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Six-stroke_engine","wgTitle":"Six-stroke engine","wgCurRevisionId":1248514177,"wgRevisionId":1248514177,"wgArticleId":7856656,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from July 2023","All articles needing rewrite","Articles needing additional references from January 2014","All articles needing additional references","Articles with self-published sources from January 2014","All articles with self-published sources","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016","Internal combustion piston engines","Engine technology"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Six-stroke_engine","wgRelevantArticleId":7856656,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q680409","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Six-stroke engine - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-stroke_engine"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-stroke_engine"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Six-stroke_engine rootpage-Six-stroke_engine skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Six-stroke+engine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Six-stroke+engine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Six-stroke+engine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Six-stroke+engine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Engine_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engine_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Engine types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Engine_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Engine types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Engine_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single-piston_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single-piston_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Single-piston designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single-piston_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Griffin_six-stroke_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Griffin_six-stroke_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Griffin six-stroke engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Griffin_six-stroke_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dyer_six-stroke_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dyer_six-stroke_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Dyer six-stroke engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dyer_six-stroke_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bajulaz_six-stroke_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bajulaz_six-stroke_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Bajulaz six-stroke engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bajulaz_six-stroke_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Velozeta_six-stroke_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Velozeta_six-stroke_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Velozeta six-stroke engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Velozeta_six-stroke_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NIYKADO_six-stroke_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NIYKADO_six-stroke_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>NIYKADO six-stroke engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NIYKADO_six-stroke_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crower_six-stroke_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crower_six-stroke_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Crower six-stroke engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crower_six-stroke_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Porsche_six-stroke_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Porsche_six-stroke_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.7</span> <span>Porsche six-stroke engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Porsche_six-stroke_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposed-piston_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposed-piston_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Opposed-piston designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposed-piston_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beare_head" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beare_head"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Beare head</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beare_head-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M4+2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M4+2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>M4+2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M4+2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_two-piston_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_two-piston_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Other two-piston designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_two-piston_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piston-charger_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piston-charger_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Piston-charger engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piston-charger_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilmor/Schmitz_five-stroke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilmor/Schmitz_five-stroke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Ilmor/Schmitz five-stroke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilmor/Schmitz_five-stroke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revetec_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revetec_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Revetec engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revetec_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Related patents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_patents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related patents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Related_U.S._patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_U.S._patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Related U.S. patents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_U.S._patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_Indian_patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_Indian_patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Related Indian patents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_Indian_patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_Polish_patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_Polish_patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Related Polish patents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_Polish_patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Six-stroke engine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1taktl%C4%B1_m%C3%BCh%C9%99rrik" title="Altıtaktlı mühərrik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Altıtaktlı mühərrik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="موتور شش‌زمانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور شش‌زمانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_%C3%A0_six_temps" title="Moteur à six temps – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moteur à six temps" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/6%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="6행정 기관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="6행정 기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_a_sei_tempi" title="Motore a sei tempi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore a sei tempi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat%C3%BCtem%C5%B1_motor" title="Hatütemű motor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hatütemű motor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="6ストローク機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="6ストローク機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_seis_tempos" title="Motor de seis tempos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motor de seis tempos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шеститактный двигатель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шеститактный двигатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0esttaktni_motor" title="Šesttaktni motor – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šesttaktni motor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B4_-%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88" title="بزوێنەری شەش -ھەنگاو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بزوێنەری شەش -ھەنگاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuusitahtimoottori" title="Kuusitahtimoottori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuusitahtimoottori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шеститактий двигун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шеститактий двигун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q680409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Six-stroke_engine" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Six-stroke_engine" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Six-stroke_engine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Six-stroke_engine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Six-stroke_engine" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Six-stroke_engine" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&oldid=1248514177" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Six-stroke_engine&id=1248514177&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSix-stroke_engine"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSix-stroke_engine"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Six-stroke_engine&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q680409" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internal combustion engine designs</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Six-stroke_engine" title="Talk:Six-stroke engine">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>six-stroke engine</b> is one of several alternative <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a> designs that attempt to improve on traditional <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">two-stroke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">four-stroke</a> engines. Claimed advantages may include increased <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a>, reduced mechanical complexity, and/or reduced <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas" title="Exhaust gas">emissions</a>. These engines can be divided into two groups based on the number of <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">pistons</a> that contribute to the six strokes. </p><p>In the single-piston designs, the engine captures the heat lost from the four-stroke <a href="/wiki/Otto_cycle" title="Otto cycle">Otto cycle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diesel_cycle" title="Diesel cycle">Diesel cycle</a> and uses it to drive an additional power and exhaust stroke of the piston in the same cylinder in an attempt to improve fuel efficiency and assist with engine cooling. The pistons in this type of six-stroke engine go up and down three times for each injection of fuel. These designs use either steam or air as the working fluid for the additional power stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-autoweek1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoweek1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The designs in which the six strokes are determined by the interactions between two pistons are more diverse. The pistons may be <a href="/wiki/Opposed-piston_engine" title="Opposed-piston engine">opposed in a single cylinder</a> or may reside in separate cylinders. Usually, one cylinder makes two strokes while the other makes four strokes, giving six piston movements per cycle. The second piston may be used to replace the valve mechanism of a conventional engine, which may reduce mechanical complexity and enable an increased <a href="/wiki/Compression_ratio" title="Compression ratio">compression ratio</a> by eliminating hotspots that would otherwise limit compression. The second piston may also be used to increase the <a href="/wiki/Expansion_ratio" title="Expansion ratio">expansion ratio</a>, decoupling it from the compression ratio. Increasing the expansion ratio in this way can increase thermodynamic efficiency in a similar manner to the <a href="/wiki/Miller_cycle" title="Miller cycle">Miller</a> or <a href="/wiki/Atkinson_cycle" title="Atkinson cycle">Atkinson</a> cycle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engine_types">Engine types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Engine types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single-piston_designs">Single-piston designs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Single-piston designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These designs use a single piston per cylinder, like a conventional two- or four-stroke engine. A secondary, nondetonating fluid is injected into the chamber, and the leftover heat from combustion causes it to expand for a second power stroke followed by a second exhaust stroke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Griffin_six-stroke_engine">Griffin six-stroke engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Griffin six-stroke engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerr_Six-stroke_Anson_6181.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kerr_Six-stroke_Anson_6181.JPG/220px-Kerr_Six-stroke_Anson_6181.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kerr_Six-stroke_Anson_6181.JPG/330px-Kerr_Six-stroke_Anson_6181.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kerr_Six-stroke_Anson_6181.JPG/440px-Kerr_Six-stroke_Anson_6181.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The Kerr engine at the <a href="/wiki/Anson_Engine_Museum" title="Anson Engine Museum">Anson Engine Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>-based engineer Samuel Griffin was an established maker of steam and gas engines. He wished to produce an internal combustion engine, but without paying the licensing costs of the <a href="/wiki/Otto_cycle" title="Otto cycle">Otto</a> patents. His solution was to develop a "patent slide valve" and a single-acting six-stroke engine using it. By 1886, Scottish steam locomotive maker <a href="/wiki/Dick,_Kerr_%26_Co." title="Dick, Kerr & Co.">Dick, Kerr & Co.</a> saw a future in large oil engines and licensed the Griffin patents. These were double-acting, tandem engines and sold under the name "Kilmarnock".<sup id="cite_ref-Smokestak_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smokestak-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major market for the Griffin engine was in electricity generation, where they developed a reputation for happily running light for long periods, then suddenly being able to take up a large demand for power. Their large, heavy construction did not suit them to mobile use, but they were capable of burning heavier and cheaper grades of oil. The key principle of the "Griffin Simplex" was a heated, exhaust-jacketed external vapouriser, into which the fuel was sprayed. The temperature was held around 550 °F (288 °C), sufficient to physically vapourise the oil, but not to break it down chemically. This fractional distillation supported the use of heavy oil fuels, the unusable tars and asphalts separating out in the vapouriser. <a href="/wiki/Hot-bulb_engine" title="Hot-bulb engine">Hot-bulb ignition</a> was used, which Griffin termed the "catathermic igniter", a small isolated cavity connected to the combustion chamber. The spray injector had an adjustable inner nozzle for the air supply, surrounded by an annular casing for the oil, both oil and air entering at 20 psi (140 kPa) pressure, and being regulated by a governor.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffin_engineering_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffin_engineering-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knight_Griffin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knight_Griffin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Griffin went out of business in 1923. Only two known examples of a Griffin six-stroke engine survive. One is in the <a href="/wiki/Anson_Engine_Museum" title="Anson Engine Museum">Anson Engine Museum</a>. The other was built in 1885 and for some years was in the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Museum of Science and Technology">Birmingham Museum of Science and Technology</a>, but in 2007, it returned to Bath and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Bath_at_Work" title="Museum of Bath at Work">Museum of Bath at Work</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffin_return_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffin_return-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dyer_six-stroke_engine">Dyer six-stroke engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dyer six-stroke engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Dyer" title="Leonard Dyer">Leonard Dyer</a> invented a six-stroke, internal combustion, water-injection engine in 1915, very similar to Crower's design (see below). A dozen more similar patents have been issued since. </p><p>Dyer's six-stroke engine features: </p> <ul><li>No cooling system required</li> <li>Improves a typical engine's fuel consumption</li> <li>Requires a supply of pure water to act as the medium for the second power stroke.</li> <li>Extracts the additional power from the expansion of steam.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bajulaz_six-stroke_engine">Bajulaz six-stroke engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bajulaz six-stroke engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bajulaz six-stroke engine is similar to a regular combustion engine in design, but modifications were made to the cylinder head, with two supplementary fixed-capacity chambers: a <a href="/wiki/Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">combustion chamber</a> and an air-preheating chamber above each cylinder. The combustion chamber receives a charge of heated air from the cylinder; the injection of fuel begins an <a href="/wiki/Isochoric_process" title="Isochoric process">isochoric</a> (constant-volume) burn, which increases the <a href="/wiki/Thermal_efficiency" title="Thermal efficiency">thermal efficiency</a> compared to a burn in the cylinder. The high pressure achieved is then released into the cylinder to work the power or expansion stroke. Meanwhile, a second chamber, which blankets the combustion chamber, has its air content heated to a high degree by heat passing through the cylinder wall. This heated and pressurized air is then used to power an additional stroke of the piston. </p><p>The claimed advantages of the engine include reduction in fuel consumption by at least 40%, two expansion strokes in six strokes, multiple-fuel usage capability, and a dramatic reduction in <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bajulaz six-stroke engine was invented in 1989 by Roger Bajulaz of the Bajulaz S.A. company, based in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>; it has <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4809511">U.S. patent 4,809,511</a></span> and <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4513568">U.S. patent 4,513,568</a></span>. </p><p>The Bajulaz six-stroke engine features claimed are: </p> <ul><li>Reduction in fuel consumption by at least 40%</li> <li>Two expansion (work) strokes in six strokes</li> <li>Multifuel, including liquefied petroleum gas</li> <li>Dramatic reduction in air pollution</li> <li>Costs comparable to those of a four-stroke engine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Velozeta_six-stroke_engine">Velozeta six-stroke engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Velozeta six-stroke engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a Velozeta engine, fresh air is injected into the cylinder during the exhaust stroke, which expands by heat and therefore forces the piston down for an additional stroke. The valve overlaps have been removed, and the two additional strokes using air injection provide for better <a href="/wiki/Scavenging_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scavenging (automotive)">gas scavenging</a>. The engine seems to show 40% reduction in fuel consumption and dramatic reduction in air pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-thestatesman1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thestatesman1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">power-to-weight ratio</a> is slightly less than that of a four-stroke gasoline engine.<sup id="cite_ref-thestatesman1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thestatesman1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine can run on a variety of fuels, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel fuel</a> to <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">LPG</a>. An altered engine shows a 65% reduction in carbon monoxide pollution when compared with the four-stroke engine from which it was developed.<sup id="cite_ref-thestatesman1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thestatesman1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was developed in 2005 by a team of mechanical engineering students, U Krishnaraj, Boby Sebastian, Arun Nair, and Aaron Joseph George of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering,_Trivandrum" title="College of Engineering, Trivandrum">College of Engineering, Trivandrum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NIYKADO_six-stroke_engine">NIYKADO six-stroke engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: NIYKADO six-stroke engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This engine was developed by Chanayil Cleetus Anil, of Cochin, India, who patented the design in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the engine is taken from the name of his company, NIYKADO Motors. The engine underwent a preliminary round of full-throttle tests at the Automotive Research Association of India, Pune.<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inventor claims this engine "is 23% more fuel efficient compared to a conventional four-stroke engine"<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is "very low on pollution".<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anil, a mechanic, developed the NIYKADO engine over the course more than 15 years. The engine was first tested in 2004 and Anil applied for his patent in 2005. He claims that his design produces drastically less pollution and that use in the automotive industry could lead to "emission-less mobility." </p><p><b>Engine functionality:</b> </p><p>The different strokes are: </p> <ol><li>Intake stroke</li> <li>Compression stroke</li> <li>Power stroke</li> <li>Exhaust stroke</li> <li>Air intake</li> <li>Air exhaust</li></ol> <p>The engine has four valves: </p> <ol><li>Air-fuel intake valve</li> <li>Air-only intake valve</li> <li>Combustion exhaust valve</li> <li>Air-only exhaust valve</li></ol> <p><b>Intake stroke:</b> In this stroke, the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). The intake valve opens and the air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder. </p><p><b>Compression stroke:</b> The piston moves from BDC to TDC, and all valves are closed. </p><p><b>Power stroke:</b> The spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture. The piston moves from TDC to BDC, while all valves remain closed. </p><p><b>Exhaust stroke:</b> The piston moves from BDC to TDC while the exhaust valve opens, allowing exhaust gases to exit the cylinder. </p><p><b>Air intake stroke:</b> The air-only intake valve opens while the piston moves from TDC to BDC, pulling fresh air from the atmosphere into the cylinder. This air mixes with any leftover exhaust or unburnt fuel, while cooling the inside of the cylinder. </p><p><b>Air exhaust stroke:</b> The air exhaust valve opens while the piston moves from BDC to TDC. The fresh air and most of the leftover fuel and exhaust leave the cylinder. Anil claims that this creates a fresher atmosphere inside the cylinder before the next air-fuel intake stroke, helps the engine to burn almost 100% of the air-fuel mixture, and reduces harmful emissions (including a 98% reduction in carbon monoxide emissions). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crower_six-stroke_engine">Crower six-stroke engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crower six-stroke engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a six-stroke engine prototyped in the United States by Bruce Crower, water is injected into the cylinder after the exhaust stroke and is instantly turned to <a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">steam</a>, which expands and forces the piston down for an additional power stroke. Thus, waste heat that requires an air or water cooling system to discharge in most engines is captured and put to use driving the piston.<sup id="cite_ref-autoweek1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoweek1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crower estimated that his design would reduce fuel consumption by 40% by generating the same power output at a lower rotational speed. The weight associated with a cooling system could be eliminated, but that would be balanced by a need for a water tank in addition to the normal fuel tank. </p><p>The Crower six-stroke engine was an experimental design that attracted media attention in 2006 because of an interview given by the 75-year-old American inventor, who has applied for a patent on his design.<sup id="cite_ref-autoweek1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoweek1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That patent application was subsequently abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Porsche_six-stroke_engine">Porsche six-stroke engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Porsche six-stroke engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposed-piston_designs">Opposed-piston designs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Opposed-piston designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These designs use two pistons per cylinder operating at different rates, with combustion occurring between the pistons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beare_head">Beare head</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Beare head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The design of the <a href="/wiki/Beare-head_engine" title="Beare-head engine">Beare-head engine</a> was developed by Malcolm Beare of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. The technology combines a four-stroke engine bottom end with an opposed piston in the cylinder head working at half the cyclical rate of the bottom piston. Functionally, the second piston replaces the valve mechanism of a conventional engine. Claimed benefits include a 9% increase in power, and improved thermodynamic efficiency through an increased compression ratio enabled by the elimination of the hot exhaust valve.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="M4+2"><span id="M4.2B2"></span>M4+2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: M4+2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Six-stroke_engine" title="Special:EditPage/Six-stroke engine">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M4%2B2anim.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/M4%2B2anim.gif/300px-M4%2B2anim.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/38/M4%2B2anim.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>The M4+2 engine working cycle animation</figcaption></figure> <p>The idea was developed at the <a href="/wiki/Politechnika_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Politechnika Śląska">Silesian University of Technology</a>, Poland, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Engineering" title="Doctor of Engineering">EngD</a> Adam Ciesiołkiewicz. It was granted patent nr 195052 by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Patent_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Patent Office">Polish Patent Office</a>. </p><p>The M4+2 engines have much in common with the <a href="/wiki/Beare-head_engine" title="Beare-head engine">Beare-head engines</a>, combining two opposed pistons in the same cylinder. One piston works at half the cyclical rate of the other, but while the main function of the second piston in a Beare-head engine is to replace the valve mechanism of a conventional four-stroke engine, the M4+2 takes the principle one step further. The double-piston combustion engine's work is based on the cooperation of both modules. The air load change takes place in the two-stroke section of the engine. The piston of the four-stroke section is an air load exchange aiding system, working as a system of valves. The cylinder is filled with air or with an air-fuel mixture. The filling process takes place at overpressure by the slide inlet system. The exhaust gases are removed as in the classical two-stroke engine, by exhaust windows in the cylinder. The fuel is supplied into the cylinder by a fuel-injection system. Ignition is realized by two spark plugs. The effective power output of the double-piston engine is transferred by two crankshafts. The characteristic feature of this engine is an opportunity of continuous change of cylinder capacity and compression rate during engine work by changing the piston's location. The mechanical and thermodynamical models were meant for double-piston engines, which enable to draw up new theoretical thermodynamic cycle for internal combustion double-pistons engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Piotr_Mężyk_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piotr_Mężyk-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The working principle of the engine is explained in the <a href="/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines" title="Two- and four-stroke engines">two- and four-stroke engines</a> article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_two-piston_designs">Other two-piston designs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other two-piston designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piston-charger_engine">Piston-charger engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Piston-charger engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Self-published plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-self-published" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain excessive or inappropriate references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing references to unreliable <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">sources</a> where they are used inappropriately.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In this engine, similar in design to the Beare head, a "piston charger" replaces the valve system. The piston charger charges the main cylinder and simultaneously regulates the inlet and the outlet aperture, leading to no loss of air and fuel in the exhaust.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the main cylinder, combustion takes place every turn as in a <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-stroke">two-stroke</a> engine, while lubrication is achieved in the same manner as in a <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-stroke">four-stroke</a>. Fuel injection can take place in the piston charger, in the gas-transfer channel or in the combustion chamber. It is also possible to charge two working cylinders with one piston charger. The combination of compact design for the combustion chamber together with no loss of air and fuel is claimed to give the engine more torque, more power and better fuel efficiency. The benefit of fewer moving parts and design is claimed to lead to lower manufacturing costs. The engine is claimed to be suited to alternative fuels since no corrosion or deposits are left on valves. The six strokes are: </p> <ol><li>Aspiration</li> <li>Precompression</li> <li>Gas transfer</li> <li>Compression</li> <li>Ignition</li> <li>Ejection.</li></ol> <p>This is an invention of Helmut Kottmann from Germany, while working 25 years at MAHLE GmbH piston and cylinder construction. Kottman's US patents 3921608 and 5755191 are listed below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ilmor/Schmitz_five-stroke"><span id="Ilmor.2FSchmitz_five-stroke"></span>Ilmor/Schmitz five-stroke</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ilmor/Schmitz five-stroke"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This design was invented by Belgian engineer Gerhard Schmitz, and has been prototyped by Ilmor Engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-Ilmor_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ilmor-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These designs use two (or four, six, or eight) cylinders with a conventional Otto four-stroke cycle. An additional piston (in its own cylinder) is shared by the two Otto-cycle cylinders. The exhaust from the Otto-cycle cylinder is directed into the shared cylinder, where it is expanded, generating additional work. This is in some respects similar to the operation of a compound steam engine, with the Otto-cycle cylinders being the high-pressure stage and the shared cylinder the low-pressure stage. The operation of the engine is: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>HP1 (Otto) </th> <th>LP (shared) </th> <th>HP2 (Otto) </th></tr> <tr> <td>exhaust </td> <td>expansion (power) </td> <td>compression </td></tr> <tr> <td>intake </td> <td>exhaust </td> <td>power </td></tr> <tr> <td>compression </td> <td>expansion (power) </td> <td>exhaust </td></tr> <tr> <td>power </td> <td>exhaust </td> <td>intake </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The designers consider this to be a <a href="/wiki/Five-stroke_engine" title="Five-stroke engine">five-stroke design</a>, regarding the simultaneous HP exhaust stroke and LP expansion stroke as a single stroke. This design provides higher fuel efficiency due to the higher overall expansion ratio of the combined cylinders. Expansion ratios comparable to diesel engines can be achieved, while still using gasoline (petrol) fuel. Five-stroke engines allegedly are lighter and have higher power density than diesel engines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revetec_engines">Revetec engines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Revetec engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Controlled_combustion_engine" title="Controlled combustion engine">controlled combustion engines</a>, designed by Bradley Howell-Smith of Australian firm Revetec Holdings Pty Ltd, use opposed pairs of pistons to drive a pair of counter-rotating, three-lobed cams through bearings. These elements replace the conventional crankshaft and connecting rods, which enable the motion of the pistons to be purely axial, so that most of the power otherwise wasted on lateral motion of the con rods is effectively transferred to the output shaft. This gives six power strokes per revolution of the shaft (spread across a pair of pistons). An independent test measured the <a href="/wiki/Brake_specific_fuel_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Brake specific fuel consumption">brake specific fuel consumption</a> of Revetec's X4v2 prototype gasoline engine at 212g/kW-h<sup id="cite_ref-revetec1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revetec1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (corresponding to an energy efficiency of 38.6%). Any even number of pistons can be used, in boxer or X configurations; the three lobes of the cams can be replaced by any other odd number greater than one; and the geometry of the cams can be changed to suit the needs of the target fuels and applications of the engines. Such variants may have 10 or more strokes per cycle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_patents">Related patents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Related patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_U.S._patents">Related U.S. patents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Related U.S. patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US1217788">1217788</a></span> Internal combustion and steam engine Feb 27, 1917. Hugo F. Liedtke seems to be one of the first to contemplate alternating between internal combustion and steam injection into the combustion chamber.</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US1339176">1339176</a></span> Internal combustion engine May 4, 1920. Leonard H. Dyer invented the first 6-stroke internal combustion/water-injection engine in 1915.</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2209706">2209706</a></span> Internal Combustion Engine Jul 30, 1940</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3921608">3921608</a></span> Two-stroke internal combustion engine Nov 25, 1975</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3964263">3964263</a></span> Six cycle combustion and fluid vaporization engine Jun 22, 1976</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4143518">4143518</a></span> Internal combustion and steam engine Mar 13, 1979</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4301655">4301655</a></span> Combination internal combustion and steam engine Nov 24, 1981</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4433548">4433548</a></span> Combination internal combustion and steam engine Feb 28, 1984</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4489558">4489558</a></span> Compound internal combustion engine and method for its use Dec 25, 1984</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4489560">4489560</a></span> Compound internal combustion engine and method for its use Dec 25, 1984</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4736715">4736715</a></span> Engine with a six-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, and constant stroke Apr 12, 1988</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4917054">4917054</a></span> Six-stroke internal combustion engine Apr 17, 1990</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4924823">4924823</a></span> Six-stroke internal combustion engine May 15, 1990</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5755191">5755191</a></span> Two-stroke internal combustion engine with charging cylinder May 26, 1998</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6253745">6253745</a></span> Multiple stroke engine having fuel and vapor charges Jul 3, 2001</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6311651">6311651</a></span> Computer-controlled six-stroke internal combustion engine and its method of operation Nov 6, 2001</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6571749">6571749</a></span> Computer-controlled six-stroke cycle internal combustion engine and its method of operation Jun 3, 2003</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US7021272">7021272</a></span> Computer controlled multi-stroke cycle power generating assembly and method of operation Apr 4, 2006</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_Indian_patents">Related Indian patents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Related Indian patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>IN patent <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.176.38/patentsearch/GrantedSearch/ReportProjectPopUp.aspx?Appl_No=371/CHE/2005&Pbl_No=371/CHE/2005&Pat_No=252642/">252642</a> Six Stroke Engine May 25, 2012</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_Polish_patents">Related Polish patents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Related Polish patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bulletin of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Patent_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Patent Office">Polish Patent Office</a>, No 12(664)1999 p. 53, Pat. No P323508 "the working principle of an internal combustion of multistroke engine" (by Antoni Gnoiński, constructor from <a href="/wiki/B%C4%99dzin" title="Będzin">Będzin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autoweek1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autoweek1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autoweek1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autoweek1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLyons2006" class="citation web cs1">Lyons, Pete (2006-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autoweek.com/article/20060227/FREE/302270007">"Inside Bruce Crower's Six-Stroke Engine"</a>. Autoweek.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+Bruce+Crower%27s+Six-Stroke+Engine&rft.pub=Autoweek.com&rft.date=2006-02-27&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoweek.com%2Farticle%2F20060227%2FFREE%2F302270007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smokestak-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smokestak_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smokstak.com/forum/showthread.php?t=42526">"American Griffin Engine"</a>. Smokstak.com. November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Griffin+Engine&rft.pub=Smokstak.com&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smokstak.com%2Fforum%2Fshowthread.php%3Ft%3D42526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span>, linked photos and period diagrams</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffin_engineering-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griffin_engineering_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaudleBrain2000" class="citation web cs1">Caudle, P.; Brain, Eric (September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070513071644/http://staff.bath.ac.uk/ensegb/griffin2.htm">"The Griffin Engineering Company"</a>. <i>staff.bath.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staff.bath.ac.uk/ensegb/griffin2.htm">the original</a> on 2007-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=staff.bath.ac.uk&rft.atitle=The+Griffin+Engineering+Company&rft.date=2000-09&rft.aulast=Caudle&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Brain%2C+Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstaff.bath.ac.uk%2Fensegb%2Fgriffin2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knight_Griffin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knight_Griffin_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Patrick. <i>A to Z of British Stationary Engines</i>. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+to+Z+of+British+Stationary+Engines&rft.pages=83&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffin_return-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griffin_return_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture24.org.uk/places+to+go/north+west/manchester/art45987">"Only surviving Griffin engine returns home to Bath museum"</a>. Culture24.org.uk. April 15, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Only+surviving+Griffin+engine+returns+home+to+Bath+museum&rft.pub=Culture24.org.uk&rft.date=2007-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture24.org.uk%2Fplaces%2Bto%2Bgo%2Fnorth%2Bwest%2Fmanchester%2Fart45987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuen" class="citation journal cs1">Yuen, W. W.; et al. "The Bajulaz Cycle: a Two-Chamber Internal Combustion Engine with Increased Thermal Efficiency". <i>SAE Technical Paper Series</i> (Feb., 1986): 1–10. No. 860534.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAE+Technical+Paper+Series&rft.atitle=The+Bajulaz+Cycle%3A+a+Two-Chamber+Internal+Combustion+Engine+with+Increased+Thermal+Efficiency&rft.issue=Feb.%2C+1986&rft.pages=1-10&rft.aulast=Yuen&rft.aufirst=W.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thestatesman1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thestatesman1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thestatesman1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thestatesman1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130222061004/http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180386:A%20brilliant%20six-stroke%20from%20techies&catid=36:india&from_page=search">"A brilliant six-stroke from techies"</a>. 14 February 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180386:A%20brilliant%20six-stroke%20from%20techies&catid=36:india&from_page=search">the original</a> on 22 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+brilliant+six-stroke+from+techies&rft.date=2007-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestatesman.net%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D180386%3AA%2520brilliant%2520six-stroke%2520from%2520techies%26catid%3D36%3Aindia%26from_page%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article3601304.ece">"Kochiite patents six-stroke engine"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Thehindu.com. 4 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Kochiite+patents+six-stroke+engine&rft.date=2012-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FKochi%2Farticle3601304.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US20070022977">"Application 11/494,090: Method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Application+11%2F494%2C090%3A+Method+and+apparatus+for+operating+an+internal+combustion+engine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatents.google.com%2Fpatent%2FUS20070022977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.motortrend.com/news/porsche-engine-patent-stroke-explained/">https://www.motortrend.com/news/porsche-engine-patent-stroke-explained/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://newatlas.com/automotive/porsche-patents-6-stroke-engine/">https://newatlas.com/automotive/porsche-patents-6-stroke-engine/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.porschelehighvalley.com/porsches-new-revolutionary-six-stroke-engine-design/">https://www.porschelehighvalley.com/porsches-new-revolutionary-six-stroke-engine-design/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theautopian.com/porsche-patents-a-six-stroke-combustion-engine-and-im-not-sure-i-get-it/">https://www.theautopian.com/porsche-patents-a-six-stroke-combustion-engine-and-im-not-sure-i-get-it/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation">https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/porsche-6-stroke-engine-innovation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001055010/http://www.sixstroke.com/images/history/border_november_1994.pdf">"After 16 years' work – the six-stroke engine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Border Chronicle</i>. Vol. 87, no. 4365. Bordertown, South Australia. November 10, 1994. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sixstroke.com/images/history/border_november_1994.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Border+Chronicle&rft.atitle=After+16+years%27+work+%E2%80%93+the+six-stroke+engine&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4365&rft.date=1994-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixstroke.com%2Fimages%2Fhistory%2Fborder_november_1994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piotr_Mężyk-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Piotr_Mężyk_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://izoling.beep.pl/www.izoling.pl/badania/czytaj/engine.html">Official site of the city of Myszków, Poland</a>(<b>Polish</b>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerni_Kühne_kuehne@tobe4u.de" class="citation web cs1">Berni Kühne kuehne@tobe4u.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sechstaktmotor.de/EN/infos.html">"A new Engine generation is born Kottmann-Motor-Team Six-Stroke-Engine. Accessed January 2008"</a>. Sechstaktmotor.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+new+Engine+generation+is+born+Kottmann-Motor-Team+Six-Stroke-Engine.+Accessed+January+2008&rft.pub=Sechstaktmotor.de&rft.au=Berni+K%C3%BChne+kuehne%40tobe4u.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sechstaktmotor.de%2FEN%2Finfos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ilmor-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ilmor_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmor.co.uk/capabilities/5-stroke-engine">"5 Stroke Engine"</a>. Ilmor Engineering<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+Stroke+Engine&rft.pub=Ilmor+Engineering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmor.co.uk%2Fcapabilities%2F5-stroke-engine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revetec1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revetec1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927140348/http://www.revetec.com/pdf/REVETEC%20X4V2%20Engine%20Evaluation%20Report_final.pdf">"Revetec X4v2 Engine Testing report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revetec.com/pdf/REVETEC%20X4V2%20Engine%20Evaluation%20Report_final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revetec+X4v2+Engine+Testing+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revetec.com%2Fpdf%2FREVETEC%2520X4V2%2520Engine%2520Evaluation%2520Report_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASix-stroke+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515204554/http://www.bajulazsa.com/Site/sixstroke.html">Bajulaz Six-Stroke Engine</a> Accessed June 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516001238/http://www.bajulazsa.com/Site/sixstrokeanimation.html">Bajulaz Animation</a> Accessed June 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sixstroke.com/index.html">Beare Six-Stroke Engine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmA_3CRHFQU">Video by the inventor of the NIYKADO Six Stroke Engine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0uPmrSRM7w">Ilmor prototype five-stroke engine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://modelengineeringwebsite.com/six_stroke_engine.html">Six stroke vertical gas engine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template talk:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configurations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_engine" title="Axial engine">Axial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish steam engine">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotative_beam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotative beam engine">Rotative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourke_engine" title="Bourke engine">Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_engine" title="Cam engine">Cam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camless_piston_engine" title="Camless piston engine">Camless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-acting cylinder">Double-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-piston_engine" title="Free-piston engine">Free-piston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stelzer_engine" title="Stelzer engine">Stelzer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemi_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemi engine">Hemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_cylinder_head" title="Heron cylinder head">Heron head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOE_engine" title="IOE engine">Intake over exhaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine" title="Oscillating cylinder steam engine">Oscillating cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposed-piston_engine" title="Opposed-piston engine">Opposed-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pent-roof_combustion_chamber" title="Pent-roof combustion chamber">Pentroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-acting cylinder">Single-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_cycle_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Split cycle engine">Split cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing-piston_engine" title="Swing-piston engine">Swing-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniflow_steam_engine" title="Uniflow steam engine">Uniflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_wedge_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler wedge engine">Wedge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke cycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-stroke_engine" title="Five-stroke engine">Five-stroke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Six-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines" title="Two- and four-stroke engines">Two-and four-stroke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Cylinder layouts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Inline / straight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">I1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twin_engine" title="Straight-twin engine">I2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-three_engine" title="Straight-three engine">I3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">I4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-five_engine" title="Straight-five engine">I5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">I6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-seven_engine" title="Straight-seven engine">I7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-eight_engine" title="Straight-eight engine">I8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-nine_engine" title="Straight-nine engine">I9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twelve_engine" title="Straight-twelve engine">I12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-fourteen_engine" title="Straight-fourteen engine">I14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat / boxer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twin_engine" title="Flat-twin engine">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">F4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-six_engine" title="Flat-six engine">F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-eight_engine" title="Flat-eight engine">F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-ten_engine" title="Flat-ten engine">F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">F12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-sixteen_engine" title="Flat-sixteen engine">F16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V / Vee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-twin_engine" title="V-twin engine">V2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V3_engine" title="V3 engine">V3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V4_engine" title="V4 engine">V4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V5_engine" title="V5 engine">V5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR5_engine" title="VR5 engine">VR5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR6_engine" title="VR6 engine">VR6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V10_engine" title="V10 engine">V10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V14_engine" title="V14 engine">V14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V16_engine" title="V16 engine">V16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V18_engine" title="V18 engine">V18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V20_engine" title="V20 engine">V20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V24_engine" title="V24 engine">V24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W3_engines" title="W engine">W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W6_engines" title="W engine">W6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W8_engine" title="W8 engine">W8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W12_engine" title="W12 engine">W12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W16_engine" title="W16 engine">W16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W18_engine" title="W18 engine">W18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W24_engine" title="W engine">W24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W30_engine" title="W engine">W30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Deltic" title="Napier Deltic">Deltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">Radial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-single_engine" title="Split-single engine">Split-single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_engine" title="U engine">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_engine" title="X engine">X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&oldid=1248514177">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&oldid=1248514177</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internal_combustion_piston_engines" title="Category:Internal combustion piston engines">Internal combustion piston engines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Engine_technology" title="Category:Engine technology">Engine technology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_rewrite_from_July_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from July 2023">Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_rewrite" title="Category:All articles needing rewrite">All articles needing rewrite</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2014" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2014">Articles needing additional references from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_self-published_sources_from_January_2014" title="Category:Articles with self-published sources from January 2014">Articles with self-published sources from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_self-published_sources" title="Category:All articles with self-published sources">All articles with self-published sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 September 2024, at 23:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-stroke_engine&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65ff468c59-dzl2p","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.465","walltime":"0.583","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2007,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":61856,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1679,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":62633,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 500.361 1 -total"," 33.81% 169.178 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.73% 118.734 9 Template:Cite_web"," 20.07% 100.405 1 Template:Piston_engine_configurations"," 19.94% 99.777 2 Template:Navbox"," 14.67% 73.424 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.74% 58.751 1 Template:Cleanup_rewrite"," 11.73% 58.717 3 Template:Ambox"," 8.39% 41.960 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.31% 36.565 2 Template:Convert"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.285","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7816231,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-blgv5","timestamp":"20241203071433","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Six-stroke engine","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-stroke_engine","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q680409","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q680409","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-11-09T17:34:44Z","dateModified":"2024-09-29T23:15:46Z","headline":"Internal combustion engine designs"}</script> </body> </html>