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margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; font-size:120%; text-align:center;">Eigenschaften </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; color:#000000; text-align:center;"> <div id="table" style="position:relative;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000; text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray; border:2px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute;background:#ffffff; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="/wiki/F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>14</sup> 5<a href="/wiki/D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>10</sup> 6<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup> 6<a href="/wiki/P-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="P-Orbital">p</a><sup>4</sup></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;background:#ffffff;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">84</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Po</span></div> <div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; text-align:center;">Allgemein </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">Polonium, Po, 84 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Chalkogene" title="Chalkogene">16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemische_Elemente_der_sechsten_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der sechsten Periode">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">p</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aussehen </td> <td>silbrig </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a> </td> <td> <p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?ref=7440-08-6">7440-08-6</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> (<sup>209</sup>Po) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a> </td> <td>231-118-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.289">100.028.289</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massenanteil an der <a href="/wiki/Erdh%C3%BClle" title="Erdhülle">Erdhülle</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2,1 · 10<sup>−11</sup> ppm<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; text-align:center;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">209,98 <a href="/wiki/Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> (berechnet) </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">190 (135) <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius">Kovalenter Radius</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">140 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Van-der-Waals-Radius" title="Van-der-Waals-Radius">Van-der-Waals-Radius</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">197<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="/wiki/F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>14</sup> 5<a href="/wiki/D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>10</sup> 6<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup> 6<a href="/wiki/P-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="P-Orbital">p</a><sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1. <a href="/wiki/Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}</style>8<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span><span class="numericFormat-fractpart">418</span>070(4) <a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-polonium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">811<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>8 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-polonium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">19<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>3(1,7) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-polonium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>860 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-polonium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">27<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>3(7) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-polonium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>630 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-polonium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">36<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>0(1,7) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-polonium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">3</span>470 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-polonium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">57<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>0(1,9) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-polonium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">5</span>500 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-polonium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">69<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>1(2,0) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-polonium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">6</span>670 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-polonium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; text-align:center;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a> </td> <td>fest </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polymorphie_(Stoffeigenschaft)" title="Polymorphie (Stoffeigenschaft)">Modifikationen</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">α-Po, β-Po </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">kubisch-primitiv (α-Po)<br />rhomboedrisch (β-Po) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">9,196 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">527 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (254 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1235 K (962 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molares_Volumen" title="Molares Volumen">Molares Volumen</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">22,97 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verdampfungsenthalpie" title="Verdampfungsenthalpie">Verdampfungsenthalpie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">ca. 100 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmelzenthalpie" title="Schmelzenthalpie">Schmelzenthalpie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">ca. 13 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit">Elektrische Leitfähigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2,5 · 10<sup>6</sup> S·m<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit">Wärmeleitfähigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">20 <a href="/wiki/Watt_(Einheit)" title="Watt (Einheit)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; text-align:center;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">(−2), +2, <b>+4</b>, +6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a> </td> <td>0,37 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (Po<sup>2+</sup> + 2 e<sup>−</sup> → Po) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität">Elektronegativität</a> </td> <td>2,0 (<a href="/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t#Pauling-Skala" title="Elektronegativität">Pauling-Skala</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; text-align:center">Isotope </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" class="rahmenfarbe1" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#000000; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:solid; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>208</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2,898 <a href="/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>5,215 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>204</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> </td> <td>1,401 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><sup>208</sup>Bi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>209</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">103 <a href="/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>4,879 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>205</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> </td> <td>1,893 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><sup>209</sup>Bi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>210</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><b>99,998</b> % </td> <td>138,376 <a href="/wiki/Tag" title="Tag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>5,307 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>206</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>211</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap">5 · 10<sup>−10</sup> % </td> <td>0,516 <a href="/wiki/Sekunde" title="Sekunde">s</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>7,595 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>207</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>211</sup><sup><a href="/wiki/Isomer_(Kernphysik)" title="Isomer (Kernphysik)">m</a></sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">25 s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>9,057 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>207</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomerie-%C3%9Cbergang" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomerie-Übergang">IT</a> </td> <td>1,462 </td> <td><sup>211</sup>Po </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>212</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap">2 · 10<sup>−12</sup> % </td> <td>304 ns </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>8,78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>208</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>212</sup><sup><a href="/wiki/Isomer_(Kernphysik)" title="Isomer (Kernphysik)">m</a></sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">45,1 s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>11,8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>208</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomerie-%C3%9Cbergang" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomerie-Übergang">IT</a> </td> <td>2,922 </td> <td><sup>212</sup>Po </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>213</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>4 µs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>8,5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>209</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>214</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap">1 · 10<sup>−9</sup> % </td> <td>164 µs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>7,69 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>210</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>215</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap">7 · 10<sup>−10</sup> % </td> <td rowspan="2">1,781 ms </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>7,526 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>211</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>0,721 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><sup>215</sup>At</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>216</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap">1 · 10<sup>−6</sup> % </td> <td>0,15 s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>6,78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>212</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>217</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>2 s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>6,7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>213</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>218</sup>Po<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap">1,6 · 10<sup>−3</sup> % </td> <td rowspan="2">3,05 min </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> </td> <td>6,115 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><sup>214</sup>Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>0,260 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><sup>218</sup>At</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:WhiteSmoke; text-align:center">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_81_bis_Ordnungszahl_90#84_Polonium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 81 bis Ordnungszahl 90">Liste der Isotope</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; text-align:center;">Gefahren- und Sicherheitshinweise </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:7px; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:ISO_7010_W003.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radioaktiv"><img alt="Radioaktiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ISO_7010_W003.svg/60px-ISO_7010_W003.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ISO_7010_W003.svg/90px-ISO_7010_W003.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ISO_7010_W003.svg/120px-ISO_7010_W003.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="447" /></a></span><br /><span style="line-height:1.1em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Radioaktiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktiv">Radioaktiv</a></b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><br /><i>keine Einstufung verfügbar</i><sup id="cite_ref-NV_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NV-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:DarkGray; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center"><small>Soweit möglich und gebräuchlich, werden <a href="/wiki/Internationales_Einheitensystem" title="Internationales Einheitensystem">SI-Einheiten</a> verwendet. <br />Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="/wiki/Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </p><p><b>Polonium</b> ist ein <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">radioaktives</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Po und der <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 84. Im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der 6. <a href="/wiki/Hauptgruppe" title="Hauptgruppe">Hauptgruppe</a>, bzw. der 16. <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">IUPAC-Gruppe</a>, wird also den <a href="/wiki/Chalkogene" title="Chalkogene">Chalkogenen</a> zugeordnet. Das häufigste in der Natur vorkommende Isotop Po-210 findet sich als vorletztes Glied der <a href="/wiki/Zerfallsreihe" title="Zerfallsreihe">Zerfallsreihe</a> von Uran-238 in uranhaltigen Mineralien, inzwischen wird jedoch Polonium für technische oder wissenschaftliche Anwendungen hauptsächlich durch Einwirkung von <a href="/wiki/Neutronenstrahlung" title="Neutronenstrahlung">Neutronenstrahlung</a> auf <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bismut</a>-209 erzeugt, da die Extraktion aus natürlichen Materialien zu aufwendig ist. Polonium gilt allgemein als „hochgiftig“, da bereits eine Dosis von einem Mikrogramm tödlich sein kann. Es ist bekannt als Einsatzmittel bei der <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Walterowitsch_Litwinenko#Tod" title="Alexander Walterowitsch Litwinenko">Ermordung von Alexander Litwinenko</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Geschichte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Geschichte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Gewinnung_und_Herstellung"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Gewinnung und Herstellung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Eigenschaften"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Eigenschaften</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Isotope"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Isotope</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Radiotoxikologische_Bedeutung"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Radiotoxikologische Bedeutung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Verwendung"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Verwendung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Polonium_als_Gift"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Polonium als Gift</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Alexander_Litwinenko"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alexander Litwinenko</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Jassir_Arafat"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Jassir Arafat</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Verbindungen"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Verbindungen</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Polonide"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Polonide</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Sauerstoffverbindungen"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sauerstoffverbindungen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Sulfide"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sulfide</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Wasserstoffverbindungen"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Wasserstoffverbindungen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Halogenide"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Halogenide</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geschichte"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Existenz eines sehr stark strahlenden Elements in Uran-haltiger <a href="/wiki/Pechblende" class="mw-redirect" title="Pechblende">Pechblende</a> wurde erstmals 1898 vom Ehepaar <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre</a> und <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> postuliert.<sup id="cite_ref-Sieghard_Neufeldt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sieghard_Neufeldt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zu Ehren von Marie Curies Heimat <a href="/wiki/Russisch-Polen" class="mw-redirect" title="Russisch-Polen">Polen</a> nannten sie es Polonium (vom lateinischen Wort „Polonia“). Eine Isolierung gelang ihnen nicht, sondern erst 1902 dem Chemiker <a href="/wiki/Willy_Marckwald" title="Willy Marckwald">Willy Marckwald</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> der dieses Element als <i>Radiotellur</i> charakterisierte. Für die Entdeckung und Beschreibung von Polonium (zusammen mit <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a>) erhielt Marie Curie 1911 den <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelpreis</a> für Chemie. Die Entdeckung von Radium – und später Polonium – war möglich, da den Curies auffiel, dass Uranerze stärker radioaktiv waren als reine Uransalze, welche damals bereits für Experimente verfügbar waren. Die Curies nahmen – richtigerweise – an, dass Uranerze neben Uran weitere radioaktive <a href="/wiki/Spurenelement" title="Spurenelement">Spurenelemente</a> enthalten, welche in gereinigten Uransalzen (beinahe) abwesend sind. Da Radium eine bedeutend längere Halbwertszeit als Polonium hat, und die chemische Extraktion aufgrund der Unlösbarkeit von <a href="/wiki/Radiumsulfat" title="Radiumsulfat">Radiumsulfat</a> aus dem löslichen <a href="/wiki/Uran(IV)-sulfat" title="Uran(IV)-sulfat">Uran(IV)-sulfat</a> im Bereich der Möglichkeiten damaliger extraktiver Chemie lag, konnte Radium tatsächlich in nennenswerten Mengen extrahiert werden. In Uranerz liegt pro Tonne Uran etwa 300 Milligramm Radium vor. Eine kleine, aber dennoch stofflich nachweisbare und extrahierbare Konzentration Polonium hingegen, welches sich zu Radium im Masseverhältnis von etwa 230 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> befindet und chemisch dem Blei stark ähnelt, war mit damaligen Mitteln nur aufgrund seiner Radioaktivität nachweisbar. Daher war die Existenz von Polonium bis zur Entdeckung der <a href="/wiki/Kernspaltung" title="Kernspaltung">Kernspaltung</a> und praktikablen großtechnischen Möglichkeiten der <a href="/wiki/Transmutation" title="Transmutation">Transmutation</a> mittels Neutronenbestrahlung eher von theoretischem Interesse, um die „Lücken“ im Periodensystem der Elemente zu füllen. Die Extraktion von Polonium aus natürlichen Materialien erfolgte nie über den Labormaßstab hinaus und heute wird allfällig benötigtes Polonium in entsprechenden <a href="/wiki/Forschungsreaktor" title="Forschungsreaktor">Forschungsreaktoren</a> gezielt hergestellt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Herstellung">Gewinnung und Herstellung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Gewinnung und Herstellung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gewinnung und Herstellung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poloniumisotope sind Zwischenprodukte der <a href="/wiki/Thorium-Reihe" title="Thorium-Reihe">Thorium-Reihe</a> und der <a href="/wiki/Uran-Radium-Reihe" title="Uran-Radium-Reihe">Uran-Radium-Reihe</a>, wobei letztere das häufigste Isotop <sup>210</sup>Po produziert. Polonium kann daher bei der Aufarbeitung von <a href="/wiki/Pechblende" class="mw-redirect" title="Pechblende">Pechblende</a> gewonnen werden (1000 Tonnen Uranpechblende enthalten etwa 0,03 Gramm Polonium<sup id="cite_ref-HOWI_617_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOWI_617-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Dabei reichert es sich zusammen mit <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bismut</a> an. Von diesem Element kann man es anschließend mittels fraktionierter Fällung der <a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">Sulfide</a> trennen, da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniumsulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poloniumsulfid (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Poloniumsulfid</a> schwerer löslich ist als <a href="/wiki/Bismutsulfid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismutsulfid">Bismutsulfid</a>. </p><p>Heutzutage erfolgt die Herstellung von Polonium jedoch im <a href="/wiki/Kernreaktor" title="Kernreaktor">Kernreaktor</a> durch <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronenbeschuss</a> von Bismut: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {{}^{209}Bi+n\rightarrow {}^{210}Bi\rightarrow {}^{210}Po+\beta ^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>209</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>210</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>210</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {{}^{209}Bi+n\rightarrow {}^{210}Bi\rightarrow {}^{210}Po+\beta ^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db45d49f8890cdcafb7bccf1ea1b1f46e02b02c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:32.474ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {{}^{209}Bi+n\rightarrow {}^{210}Bi\rightarrow {}^{210}Po+\beta ^{-}} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">Halbwertszeit</a> t<sub>½</sub> für den <a href="/wiki/Betazerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Betazerfall">Betazerfall</a> von <sup>210</sup>Bi liegt bei 5,01 Tagen. Durch <a href="/wiki/Destillation" title="Destillation">Destillation</a> werden die beiden Elemente anschließend getrennt (<a href="/wiki/Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a> von Polonium: 962 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>; Siedepunkt von Bismut: 1564 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine andere Methode ist die Extraktion mit Hydroxidschmelzen bei Temperaturen um 400 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Weltjahresproduktion beträgt ca. 100 g.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Eigenschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Eigenschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polonium ist ein silberweiß glänzendes <a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metall</a>. Als einziges Metall weist die α-Modifikation eine <a href="/wiki/Kubisches_Gitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubisches Gitter">kubisch-primitive Kristallstruktur</a> auf. Dabei sind nur die Ecken eines Würfels mit Polonium-Atomen besetzt. Diese Kristallstruktur findet man sonst nur noch bei den Hochdruckmodifikationen von <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">Phosphor</a> und <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Antimon</a>. </p><p>Die chemischen Eigenschaften sind vergleichbar mit denen seines linken <a href="/wiki/Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Perioden</a>-Nachbarn <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bismut</a>. Es ist metallisch leitend und steht mit seiner Redox-<a href="/wiki/Edelmetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Edelmetall">Edelheit</a> zwischen <a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> und <a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber">Silber</a>. </p><p>Polonium löst sich in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4uren" title="Säuren">Säuren</a> wie <a href="/wiki/Salzs%C3%A4ure" title="Salzsäure">Salzsäure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwefels%C3%A4ure" title="Schwefelsäure">Schwefelsäure</a> und <a href="/wiki/Salpeters%C3%A4ure" title="Salpetersäure">Salpetersäure</a> unter Bildung des rosaroten Po<sup>2+</sup>-Ions. Po<sup>2+</sup>-Ionen in wässrigen Lösungen werden langsam zu gelben Po<sup>4+</sup>-Ionen oxidiert, da durch die <a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">Alphastrahlung</a> des Poloniums im Wasser oxidierende Verbindungen gebildet werden.<sup id="cite_ref-HOWI_620_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOWI_620-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Isotope" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Isotope"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bekannt sind von den Polonium-<a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotopen</a>, die alle radioaktiv sind, die Isotope <sup>190</sup>Po bis <sup>218</sup>Po.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="/wiki/Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">Halbwertszeiten</a> sind recht unterschiedlich und reichen von etwa 3·10<sup>−7</sup> Sekunden für <sup>212</sup>Po bis zu 103 Jahren für das künstlich hergestellte <sup>209</sup>Po. Trotz der längeren Halbwertszeit von Polonium-209 ist es seltener als Polonium-210, da es nicht Bestandteil einer Zerfallsreihe ist, da der beta-stabile <a href="/wiki/Isobar_(Kernphysik)" title="Isobar (Kernphysik)">Isobar</a> mit <a href="/wiki/Massezahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Massezahl">Massezahl</a> 209 Bismut ist. Auch die künstlichen Routen zur Erzeugung von Polonium in Kernreaktoren erzeugen zumeist Polonium-210, da dieses relativ einfach durch <a href="/wiki/Neutroneneinfang" title="Neutroneneinfang">Neutroneneinfang</a> in Bismut-209 darstellbar ist und die leichteren Isotope bedeutend schwieriger zu erzeugen sind. </p><p>Das häufigste, natürlich vorkommende Isotop <sup>210</sup>Po hat eine Halbwertszeit von 138 Tagen und zerfällt unter Aussendung von <a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">Alphastrahlung</a> in das <a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei">Blei</a>-Isotop <sup>206</sup>Pb. Wegen dieser geringen Halbwertszeit erfolgt die Gewinnung des industriell genutzten <sup>210</sup>Po überwiegend künstlich in Kernreaktoren. Das für <a href="/wiki/Schneller_Br%C3%BCter" class="mw-redirect" title="Schneller Brüter">schnelle Kernreaktoren</a> vorgeschlagene Kühlmittel <a href="/wiki/Blei-Bismut-Eutektikum" title="Blei-Bismut-Eutektikum">Blei-Bismut</a>, ein <a href="/wiki/Eutektikum" title="Eutektikum">Eutektikum</a> mit niedrigem Schmelz- und hohem Siedepunkt, erzeugt, wenn es <a href="/wiki/Neutronenstrahlung" title="Neutronenstrahlung">Neutronenstrahlung</a>, ausgesetzt ist, unweigerlich Polonium-210. Dies wird wahlweise als Nachteil oder als mögliches gewinnbringendes <a href="/wiki/Koppelprodukt" class="mw-redirect" title="Koppelprodukt">Koppelprodukt</a> angesehen. Sollten mit Blei-Bismut gekühlte Kernkraftwerke in größerem Umfang zum Einsatz kommen, gäbe es mit an Sicherheit grenzender Wahrscheinlichkeit ein Angebot an Polonium-210, welches die derzeitige Nachfrage um Größenordnungen überschreitet. Eine Abtrennung ist – wie oben skizziert – durch Destillation möglich (mit 1740 °C ist der Siedepunkt des Bleis sogar noch oberhalb jenes von Bismut). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radiotoxikologische_Bedeutung">Radiotoxikologische Bedeutung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Radiotoxikologische Bedeutung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Radiotoxikologische Bedeutung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die größte Gefährdung stellt Polonium als Zerfallsprodukt des radioaktiven <a href="/wiki/Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgases</a> <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> dar. <a href="/wiki/Radon_in_H%C3%A4usern" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon in Häusern">Radon in der Atemluft</a> erhöht das Risiko, an <a href="/wiki/Lungenkrebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungenkrebs">Lungenkrebs</a> zu erkranken. Die eigentliche Ursache ist nicht Radon, sondern die Inhalation der kurzlebigen <a href="/wiki/Radon-Zerfallsprodukte" title="Radon-Zerfallsprodukte">Radonzerfallsprodukte</a>, die sich im Gegensatz zum gasförmigen Radon im Atemtrakt anreichern. Die unter den Zerfallsprodukten befindlichen Poloniumisotope <sup>210</sup>Po, <sup>212</sup>Po, <sup>214</sup>Po, <sup>216</sup>Po und <sup>218</sup>Po haben die größte radiologische Wirkung, weil sie <a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">Alphateilchen</a> aussenden. </p><p>Während <a href="/wiki/Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">Alphastrahlung</a> etwa bei äußerer Einwirkung bereits von der obersten Hautschicht aus abgestorbenen Zellen abgeschirmt wird, wirkt sie auf den Menschen stark schädigend, wenn Alpha-Strahler in den Körper gelangen. Über den Blutstrom verteilt sich das Polonium im Körpergewebe. Die zerstörerische Wirkung macht sich bei hohen Akutdosen (500 <a href="/wiki/Sievert_(Einheit)" title="Sievert (Einheit)">mSv</a> und mehr) als <a href="/wiki/Strahlenkrankheit" title="Strahlenkrankheit">Strahlenkrankheit</a> zunächst an Zellen bemerkbar, die sich häufig teilen (z. B. Darmepithelien, Knochenmark). Zu den typischen Symptomen gehören neben <a href="/wiki/Haarausfall" title="Haarausfall">Haarausfall</a> und allgemeiner Schwäche auch <a href="/wiki/Diarrh%C3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhö">Diarrhö</a>, <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A4mie" title="Anämie">Anämie</a> sowie <a href="/wiki/Blutung" title="Blutung">Blutungen</a> aus Nase, Mund, Zahnfleisch und Rektum. </p><p>Polonium wird vom menschlichen Körper mit einer <a href="/wiki/Biologische_Halbwertszeit" title="Biologische Halbwertszeit">biologischen Halbwertszeit</a> von ca. 50 Tagen ausgeschieden. Reste und Zerfallsprodukte finden sich größtenteils im Kot sowie zu rund 10 % im Urin.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darüber hinaus sind <a href="/wiki/Inkorporation_(Medizin)" title="Inkorporation (Medizin)">Inkorporationen</a> von außen nur schwer zu entdecken und eine Diagnose schwierig, da kaum Gammastrahlung emittiert wird. Bei einer <a href="/wiki/Obduktion" title="Obduktion">Obduktion</a> ist Polonium nur so lange detektierbar, wie nennenswerte Mengen im Körper vorhanden sind. Da nach 10 Halbwertszeiten (bei Polonium-210 also etwas weniger als vier Jahre) nur noch 1/2<sup>10</sup>=1/1024 des Ausgangswertes vorhanden ist, lässt sich ein erst Jahre nach dem Tod aufkommender Verdacht einer Polonium-Vergiftung nicht mehr erhärten oder widerlegen. Da die <a href="/wiki/LD-50" class="mw-redirect" title="LD-50">LD<sub>50</sub></a> sehr gering ist, kann aus dem Blei-Isotopen-Verhältnis nicht sicher auf <sup>210</sup>Po-Exposition geschlossen werden. Die LD<sub>50</sub> wird auf 50 Nanogramm geschätzt. Im Falle Litwinenko (siehe unten) geht man von 10 Mikrogramm (also dem 200-fachen) aus. Je nach örtlicher Exposition und Lebenswandel enthält ein gesunder erwachsener menschlicher Körper im Bereich von hunderten Milligramm Blei.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Einer speziellen Polonium-Exposition sind Raucher ausgesetzt.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Als mögliche Quellen kommen sowohl die im Tabakanbau eingesetzten Phosphatdüngemittel<sup id="cite_ref-PMID21772848_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID21772848-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> als auch eine <a href="/wiki/Adsorption" title="Adsorption">Adsorption</a> atmosphärischer Einträge durch die Tabakpflanzen in Frage. Die Anteile der Teer-Kanzerogene und der radioaktiven Exposition am Prozess der Krebsentstehung werden kontrovers diskutiert.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schätzungen gehen davon aus, dass bei Rauchern 9 bis 14 % der Bronchialkarzinome durch über Tabakrauch aufgenommene Radioaktivität verursacht werden.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID18344474_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID18344474-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verwendung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In manchen industriellen <a href="/wiki/Ionisator" title="Ionisator">Ionisatoren</a> wird <sup>210</sup>Po eingesetzt, z. B. in Anlagen, in denen Papier, Textil oder synthetische Materialien gerollt werden, oder wenn optische Linsen von <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatische_Aufladung" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrostatische Aufladung">statischen Aufladungen</a> befreit werden sollen. </p><p>Die Zündstifte von Firestone-Zündkerzen enthielten um 1940 in den USA das radioaktive Schwermetall. Es sollte die Luft ionisieren und damit die Dauer des Zündfunkens verlängern. </p><p><sup>210</sup>Po entwickelt 140 Watt Wärme pro Gramm, daher wurde es in kurzlebigen <a href="/wiki/Radionuklidbatterie" title="Radionuklidbatterie">Radionuklidbatterien</a>, etwa für die sowjetischen Mondfahrzeuge <a href="/wiki/Lunochod_1" title="Lunochod 1">Lunochod 1</a> und <a href="/wiki/Lunochod_2" title="Lunochod 2">Lunochod 2</a> eingesetzt.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Wärmeleistung genügt, um einen Poloniumkörper zum Schmelzen zu bringen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heute kommen im Allgemeinen nur noch langlebigere Isotope anderer Elemente zum Einsatz. Gängigstes Element zur Verwendung in Radionuklidbatterien ist heute Plutonium-238 mit einer Halbwertszeit über 80 Jahren. Gerade für Raumsonden, welche ins äußere Sonnensystem unterwegs sind, ist diese Langlebigkeit essentiell um entsprechende Flugzeiten zu überdauern. </p><p>Der Alpha-Strahler Polonium wird in Verbindung mit <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> in transportablen <a href="/wiki/Neutronenquelle" title="Neutronenquelle">Neutronenquellen</a> benutzt. Dabei wird folgende <a href="/wiki/Kernreaktion" title="Kernreaktion">Kernreaktion</a> zur Erzeugung freier <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a> genutzt: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {{}_{4}^{9}Be+{}_{2}^{4}\alpha \to {}_{\ 6}^{12}C+{}_{0}^{1}n} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {{}_{4}^{9}Be+{}_{2}^{4}\alpha \to {}_{\ 6}^{12}C+{}_{0}^{1}n} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79837e6daccc869736e00a2946ca5ce4a0f5a381" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:21.47ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {{}_{4}^{9}Be+{}_{2}^{4}\alpha \to {}_{\ 6}^{12}C+{}_{0}^{1}n} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Auch in <a href="/wiki/Kernwaffe" title="Kernwaffe">Kernwaffen</a> diente Polonium als Neutronenquelle. So wurden zum Beispiel in den amerikanischen <a href="/wiki/Atombombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Atombombe">Atombomben</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">Little Boy</a></i> und <i><a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a></i>, die <a href="/wiki/Atombombenabw%C3%BCrfe_auf_Hiroshima_und_Nagasaki" title="Atombombenabwürfe auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki">auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki abgeworfen wurden</a>, Initiatoren aus Polonium und Beryllium zum Start der <a href="/wiki/Kettenreaktion_(Kernphysik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kettenreaktion (Kernphysik)">Kettenreaktion</a> verwendet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polonium_als_Gift">Polonium als Gift</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Polonium als Gift" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Polonium als Gift"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wie bei allen Alphastrahlern hinreichender Aktivität ist die allfällige chemische Giftigkeit für die Giftwirkung nicht relevant. Da jedoch bereits die äußere <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(Wirbeltiere)" title="Epidermis (Wirbeltiere)">Epidermis</a> in der Lage ist, Alphateilchen abzufangen, ist die Radiotoxizität erst bei <a href="/wiki/Inkorporation_(Medizin)" title="Inkorporation (Medizin)">Inkorporation</a> (Essen, Trinken, Einatmen, o. ä.) relevant. Aufgrund der geringen <a href="/wiki/Gammastrahlung" title="Gammastrahlung">Gammastrahlung</a>, welche beim Zerfall von <sup>210</sup>Po entsteht, ist ein Nachweis <a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a> schwierig, was Poloniumvergiftungen schwer nachweisbar macht. Auch postmortem ist aufgrund der geringen Halbwertszeit der Nachweis nur für einen begrenzten Zeitraum möglich. Da Polonium jedoch (siehe oben) heutzutage fast ausschließlich in entsprechend gesicherten kerntechnischen Anlagen erzeugt und verarbeitet wird, ist der Nachweis von Polonium ein starker Hinweis auf einen entsprechend „ausgestatteten“ Täter oder Auftraggeber. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alexander_Litwinenko">Alexander Litwinenko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Alexander Litwinenko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Alexander Litwinenko"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2006 starb der zum britischen Geheimdienst <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" title="Secret Intelligence Service">MI6</a> übergelaufene, ehemalige Agent des Inlandsgeheimdienstes der Russischen Föderation <a href="/wiki/FSB_(Geheimdienst)" title="FSB (Geheimdienst)">FSB</a> und spätere <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Wladimirowitsch_Putin" title="Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Putin">Putin</a>-Kritiker Alexander Litwinenko an den Folgen einer durch <sup>210</sup>Po verursachten <a href="/wiki/Strahlenkrankheit" title="Strahlenkrankheit">Strahlenkrankheit</a>. Das Polonium war ihm vermutlich über kontaminierten Tee verabreicht worden.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jassir_Arafat">Jassir Arafat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Jassir Arafat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Jassir Arafat"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ab Juli 2012 wurden mehrere Studien veröffentlicht, die sich mit einer möglichen Vergiftung des 2004 verstorbenen <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A4stinenser" title="Palästinenser">Palästinenser</a>-Präsidenten <a href="/wiki/Jassir_Arafat#Verdacht_auf_Vergiftung_mit_Polonium-210" title="Jassir Arafat">Jassir Arafat</a> mit <sup>210</sup>Po befassten. Da seit der etwaigen Vergiftung etliche Halbwertszeiten vergingen, gestaltete sich ein Nachweis im Leichnam schwer. </p><p>Eine Untersuchung von Radiophysikern der <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Lausanne" title="Universität Lausanne">Universität Lausanne</a> im November 2013 bekräftigte jedoch die These der Polonium-Vergiftung.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindungen">Verbindungen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verbindungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verbindungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aufgrund der hohen Radioaktivität des am leichtesten verfügbaren Isotops <sup>210</sup>Po behindern Hitzeentwicklung und <a href="/wiki/Radiolyse" title="Radiolyse">Radiolyse</a> die Analyse des chemischen Verhaltens. Da nur geringe Mengen verfügbar sind, finden darüber hinaus nur wenige Studien im Gebiet der Poloniumchemie statt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polonide">Polonide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Polonide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Polonide"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Polonide" title="Polonide">Polonide</a> sind salzartige Verbindungen, in welchen das Polonid-<a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">Anion</a> Po<sup>2−</sup> vorliegt und gelten als die stabilsten Verbindungen des Poloniums. Bekannte Polonide sind <a href="/wiki/Natriumpolonid" title="Natriumpolonid">Natriumpolonid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesiumpolonid" title="Magnesiumpolonid">Magnesiumpolonid</a> und <a href="/wiki/Bleipolonid" title="Bleipolonid">Bleipolonid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sauerstoffverbindungen">Sauerstoffverbindungen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sauerstoffverbindungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sauerstoffverbindungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Polonium(IV)-oxid" title="Polonium(IV)-oxid">Polonium(IV)-oxid</a> (PoO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>x</sub> ist wie das Oxid des Gruppennachbarn <a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Tellur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tellurdioxid" title="Tellurdioxid">Tellurdioxid</a>, (TeO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>x</sub>) eine ionische Verbindung, die in einer gelben und einer roten Modifikation auftritt. Weiterhin kennt man das schwarze <a href="/wiki/Polonium(II)-oxid" title="Polonium(II)-oxid">Polonium(II)-oxid</a> (PoO) und <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium(VI)-oxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium(VI)-oxid (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Polonium(VI)-oxid</a> (PoO<sub>3</sub>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sulfide">Sulfide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sulfide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sulfide"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schwarzes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium(II)-sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium(II)-sulfid (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Poloniummonosulfid</a> (PoS) erhält man durch Fällung von in Säure gelöstem Polonium mit <a href="/wiki/Schwefelwasserstoff" title="Schwefelwasserstoff">Schwefelwasserstoff</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wasserstoffverbindungen">Wasserstoffverbindungen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Wasserstoffverbindungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wasserstoffverbindungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Poloniumwasserstoff" title="Poloniumwasserstoff">Poloniumwasserstoff</a> (H<sub>2</sub>Po) ist eine bei Raumtemperatur flüssige <a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a>-Verbindung, von der sich zahlreiche Polonide ableiten lassen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenide">Halogenide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Halogenide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Halogenide"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poloniumhalogenide kennt man mit den Summenformeln PoX<sub>2</sub>, PoX<sub>4</sub> und PoX<sub>6</sub>. Zu nennen sind <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium(II)-fluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium(II)-fluorid (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Poloniumdifluorid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonium(II)-chlorid" title="Polonium(II)-chlorid">Poloniumdichlorid</a> (rubinrot), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium(II)-bromid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium(II)-bromid (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Poloniumdibromid</a> (purpurbraun) und <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium(IV)-fluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium(IV)-fluorid (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Poloniumtetrafluorid</a>, hellgelbes <a href="/wiki/Polonium(IV)-chlorid" title="Polonium(IV)-chlorid">Poloniumtetrachlorid</a>, rotes <a href="/wiki/Polonium(IV)-bromid" title="Polonium(IV)-bromid">Poloniumtetrabromid</a> sowie das schwarze <a href="/wiki/Polonium(IV)-iodid" title="Polonium(IV)-iodid">Poloniumtetraiodid</a>. Die Synthese von <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium(VI)-fluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium(VI)-fluorid (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Poloniumhexafluorid</a> (PoF<sub>6</sub>) wurde 1945 versucht, führte aber zu keinen eindeutigen Ergebnissen, der Siedepunkt wurde auf −40 °C geschätzt.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Polonium" class="extiw" title="wikt:Polonium">Wiktionary: Polonium</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polonium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Polonium</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.com/deutsch/Data-PSE/Po.htm">Gesundheits- und Umweltaspekte von Polonium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry H. Binder: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente</i>, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3777607363" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7776-0736-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte für die Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, aus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/polonium/">www.webelements.com (Polonium)</a> entnommen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manjeera Mantina, Adam C. Chamberlin, Rosendo Valero, Christopher J. Cramer, Donald G. Truhlar: <i>Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group.</i> In: <i>J. Phys. Chem. A.</i> 2009, 113, S. 5806–5812, <a href="//doi.org/10.1021/jp8111556" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1021/jp8111556">doi:10.1021/jp8111556</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-polonium-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-polonium_4-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=polonium&units=1&e_out=0&unc_out=1&at_num_out=1&el_name_out=1&ion_charge_out=1&biblio=1"><i>polonium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Polonium&rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span> Abgerufen am 13. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webelements-polonium-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-polonium_5-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/polonium/atoms.html"><i>polonium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 13. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NV-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NV_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die von der Radioaktivität ausgehenden Gefahren gehören nicht zu den einzustufenden Eigenschaften nach der GHS-Kennzeichnung. In Bezug auf weitere Gefahren wurde dieses Element entweder noch nicht eingestuft oder eine verlässliche und zitierfähige Quelle hierzu wurde noch nicht gefunden. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sieghard_Neufeldt-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sieghard_Neufeldt_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sieghard Neufeldt: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chronologie Chemie</cite>. John Wiley & Sons, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3527662847" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-527-66284-7</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>115</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=0lFQjLAlgC0C&pg=PA115#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Polonium&rft.au=Sieghard+Neufeldt&rft.btitle=Chronologie+Chemie&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3527662847&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dingler.bbaw.de/articles/mi322is23_1.html"><i>Die 14. Hauptversammlung der Bunsengesellschaft.</i></a> In: <i><a href="/wiki/Polytechnisches_Journal" title="Polytechnisches Journal">Polytechnisches Journal</a>.</i> 322, 1907, Miszelle 1, S. 364.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>: „3 mg Poloniumsalz aus 5.000 kg Uranerz“.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOWI_617-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HOWI_617_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 102. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783110177701" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1</a>, S. 617.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">osti.gov: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/4367751/4367751.PDF">Energy Citations Database (ECD)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Patent  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?locale=de_EP&CC=US&NR=4018561A">US4018561A</a>: <i>Apparatus for extraction of polonium - 210 from irradiated bismuth using molten caustic.</i> Angemeldet am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">26. Februar 1975</span>, veröffentlicht am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">19. April 1977</span>, Anmelder: Minnesota Mining & Mfg, Erfinder: Dan H. Siemens Jr, Earl J. Wheelwright.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft_id=US4018561A&rft.applcc=US&rft.title=Apparatus+for+extraction+of+polonium+-+210+from+irradiated+bismuth+using+molten+caustic&rft.inventor=Dan+H.+Siemens+Jr%2C+Earl+J.+Wheelwright&rft.assignee=Minnesota+Mining+%26+Mfg&rft.appldate=1975-02-26&rft.pubdate=1977-04-19">‌</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">John Emsley: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/qanda-polonium-210/3003354.article"><i>Q&A: Polonium 210.</i></a> In: <i><a href="/wiki/Chemistry_World" title="Chemistry World">Chemistry World</a>.</i> 27. November 2006,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 7. Januar 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APolonium&rft.title=Q%26A%3A+Polonium+210&rft.description=Q%26A%3A+Polonium+210&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemistryworld.com%2Fnews%2Fqanda-polonium-210%2F3003354.article&rft.creator=John+Emsley&rft.date=2006-11-27&rft.language=en"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOWI_620-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HOWI_620_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 102. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783110177701" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1</a>, S. 620.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daten zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/nuclide?nuc=Po">Polonium</a> bei KAERI (einem koreanischen Kernforschungsinstitut)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hpschapters.org/northcarolina/NSDS/210PoPDF.pdf">Gefahrenhinweise zu Polonium 210</a> (PDF; 83 kB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://labs.icahn.mssm.edu/toddlab/bone-lead-test/"><i>Lead Toxicity and Human Health | Bone Lead Testing Facility.</i></a> 21. August 2018,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27. März 2023</span> (amerikanisches Englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APolonium&rft.title=Lead+Toxicity+and+Human+Health+%7C+Bone+Lead+Testing+Facility&rft.description=Lead+Toxicity+and+Human+Health+%7C+Bone+Lead+Testing+Facility&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Flabs.icahn.mssm.edu%2Ftoddlab%2Fbone-lead-test%2F&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.language=en-US"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernhard Ludewig, Dirk Eidemüller: <cite style="font-style:italic">Der nukleare Traum: Die Geschichte der deutschen Atomkraft</cite>. 1. Auflage. DOM publishers, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783869220888" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-86922-088-8</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>29</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Polonium&rft.au=Bernhard+Ludewig%2C+Dirk+Eidem%C3%BCller&rft.btitle=Der+nukleare+Traum%3A+Die+Geschichte+der+deutschen+Atomkraft&rft.date=2020&rft.edition=1&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783869220888&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=DOM+publishers" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID21772848-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID21772848_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Zagà, C. Lygidakis u. a.: <i>Polonium and lung cancer.</i> In: <i>Journal of oncology.</i> Band 2011, 2011, S. 860103, <a href="//doi.org/10.1155/2011/860103" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1155/2011/860103">doi:10.1155/2011/860103</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772848?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21772848</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136189/">PMC 3136189</a> (freier Volltext).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">sueddeutsche.de: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/warum-tabak-radioaktiv-ist-ein-rauch-wie-roentgenaufnahmen-pro-jahr-1.857291">Warum Tabak radioaktiv ist Ein Rauch wie 250 Röntgenaufnahmen — pro Jahr</a>, 17. Mai 2010, abgerufen am 27. Mai 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">qualm-nix.de: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r246413598">.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento{color:var(--color-base,#202122)!important}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070315211447/http://www.qualm-nix.de/umwelt.htm">Rauchen und Umwelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Web-Archivierung"><span class="webarchiv-memento">Memento</span></a> vom 15. März 2007 im <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID18344474-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID18344474_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. J. Tidd: <i>The big idea: polonium, radon and cigarettes.</i> In: <i>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.</i> Band 101, Nummer 3, März 2008, S. 156–157, <a href="//doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2007.070021" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1258/jrsm.2007.070021">doi:10.1258/jrsm.2007.070021</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344474?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18344474</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2270238/">PMC 2270238</a> (freier Volltext) (Review).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Keller" title="Cornelius Keller">Cornelius Keller</a>, Walter Wolf, Jashovam Shani: <i>Radionuclides, 2. Radioactive Elements and Artificial Radionuclides.</i> In: <i><a href="/wiki/Ullmanns_Enzyklop%C3%A4die_der_Technischen_Chemie" title="Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie">Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</a>.</i> 7. Auflage, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.o22_o15">10.1002/14356007.o22_o15</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Wassiljewitsch_Petrjanow-Sokolow" title="Igor Wassiljewitsch Petrjanow-Sokolow">Petrjanow-Sokolow</a> (Hrsg.): <i>Bausteine der Erde</i>, Bd. 4, Verlag Mir Moskau, Urania Verlag Leipzig, 1977, S. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemie-im-alltag.de/articles/0089/index.html">Polonium-210 – In tödlicher Mission</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/arafat-untersuchung-legt-ermordung-durch-gift-polonium-nahe-a-932254.html"><i>Das Gift-Rätsel - Polonium-Fund in Arafats Leichnam.</i></a> In: <i>spiegel.de.</i> 6. November 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 16. August 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APolonium&rft.title=Das+Gift-R%C3%A4tsel+-+Polonium-Fund+in+Arafats+Leichnam&rft.description=Das+Gift-R%C3%A4tsel+-+Polonium-Fund+in+Arafats+Leichnam&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2Farafat-untersuchung-legt-ermordung-durch-gift-polonium-nahe-a-932254.html&rft.date=2016-11-06"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/815515/expert-forensics-report-concerning-the-late.pdf"><i>Mangin, Bochud, Augsburger et al: Expert forensics report concerning the late President Yasser Arafat.</i></a> In: <i>aljazeera.com via documentcloud.org.</i> 5. November 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 16. August 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APolonium&rft.title=Mangin%2C+Bochud%2C+Augsburger+et+al%3A+Expert+forensics+report+concerning+the+late+President+Yasser+Arafat&rft.description=Mangin%2C+Bochud%2C+Augsburger+et+al%3A+Expert+forensics+report+concerning+the+late+President+Yasser+Arafat&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F815515%2Fexpert-forensics-report-concerning-the-late.pdf&rft.date=2016-11-05"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taz.de/Schweizer-Untersuchungsbericht/!5055484/"><i>Doch Polonium in Arafats Körper.</i></a> In: <i>taz.de.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 16. August 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APolonium&rft.title=Doch+Polonium+in+Arafats+K%C3%B6rper&rft.description=Doch+Polonium+in+Arafats+K%C3%B6rper&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Ftaz.de%2FSchweizer-Untersuchungsbericht%2F%215055484%2F"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Summary of work to date on volatile neutron source</i>, Monsanto Chemical Company, Unit 3 abstracts of progress reports, August 16–31, 1945; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/443206">Abstract</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/443206/443206.PDF">PDF</a>.</span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r248673343">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a> </td> <td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Po</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a> </td> <td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a> </td> <td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175077-9">4175077-9</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/4175077-9">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=4175077-9">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4175077-9">AKS</a></span>)</span> | <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/sh85104579">sh85104579</a></span> | <a href="/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" title="Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00569159">00569159</a></span> <span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Polonium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Projekten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polonium" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q979" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8E%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፖሎኒየም – Amharisch" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖሎኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Aragonesisch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بولونيوم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بولونيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="پولونيوم – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پولونيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بولونيوم – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بولونيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Baschkirisch" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baschkirisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Balinesisch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo_(elemento)" title="Polonyo (elemento) – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Polonyo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Палоній – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палоній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Палён – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Палён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="পোলোনিয়াম – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পোলোনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="བོ་ལོ་ནིམ། – Tibetisch" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོ་ལོ་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniom" title="Poloniom – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poloniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Polonij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo" title="Polonyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polonyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="پۆلۆنیۆم – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆلۆنیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – Korsisch" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Tschuwaschisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniwm" title="Poloniwm – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Poloniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πολώνιο – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολώνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloonium" title="Poloonium – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poloonium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پولونیم – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پولونیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Färöisch" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Färöisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloonium" title="Poloonium – Nordfriesisch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Poloonium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – Friaulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friaulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3iniam" title="Polóiniam – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Polóiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Gälisch (Schottland)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gälisch (Schottland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="પોલોનીયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોલોનીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פולוניום – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולוניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Polonij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polony%C3%B2m" title="Polonyòm – Haiti-Kreolisch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Polonyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nium" title="Polónium – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Polónium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Պոլոնիում – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոլոնիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lon" title="Pólon – Isländisch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ポロニウム – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポロニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jicmrpoloni" title="jicmrpoloni – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jicmrpoloni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პოლონიუმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94l%C9%94n%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Pɔlɔnɩyɔm – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔlɔnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೊಲೊನಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೊಲೊನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8A%84" title="폴로늄 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴로늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polony%C3%BBm" title="Polonyûm – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Polonyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniom" title="Poloniom – Kornisch" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Poloniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Kirgisisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Luxemburgisch" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Limburgisch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonnio" title="Polonnio – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Polonnio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonis" title="Polonis – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Polonis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonijs" title="Polonijs – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polonijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Полониум – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полониум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൊളോണിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൊളോണിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Полони – Mongolisch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Полони" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯄꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯝ – Meithei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meithei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Bergmari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Bergmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုလိုနီယမ် – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုလိုနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Niederdeutsch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niederdeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2ni" title="Polòni – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polòni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonii" title="Polonii – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Polonii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ପୋଲୋନିଅମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋଲୋନିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪੋਲੋਨੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲੋਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon" title="Polon – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2ni" title="Polòni – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Polòni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پولونیم – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولونیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پولونيم – Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پولونيم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nio" title="Polônio – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polônio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulunyu" title="Pulunyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulunyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – Aromunisch" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromunisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2niu" title="Polòniu – Sardisch" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Polòniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – Sizilianisch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sizilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonijum" title="Polonijum – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Polonijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="පොලෝනියම් – Singhalesisch" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොලෝනියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nium" title="Polónium – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Polónium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Polonij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boloniyaam" title="Boloniyaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boloniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniumi" title="Poloniumi – Albanisch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Poloniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Полонијум – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полонијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பொலோனியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொலோனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొలోనియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పొలోనియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Tadschikisch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschikisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="พอโลเนียม – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พอโลเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo_(elemento)" title="Polonyo (elemento) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Polonyo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyum" title="Polonyum – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="پولونىي – Uigurisch" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پولونىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uigurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Полоній – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полоній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پولونیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولونیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniy" title="Poloniy – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Poloniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonii" title="Polonii – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Polonii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo" title="Polonyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polonyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Полон – Kalmückisch" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Полон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmückisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פאלאניום – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאלאניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%99" title="釙 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釙" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%99" title="釙 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImPosumu" title="ImPosumu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ImPosumu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q979#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in 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