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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Isaiah Oggins</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Isaiah Oggins</div><br />July 22, 1898<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1898-07-22</span>)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Willimantic,_Connecticut" title="Willimantic, Connecticut">Willimantic, Connecticut</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1947<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1948</span>)</span> (aged 49)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Poisoning by <a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">curare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>, USSR (now Russia) (as claimed by USSR)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Cy Oggins, "Professor"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Historian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet espionage">Soviet espionage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Nerma Berman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Espionage activity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GRU_(Soviet_Union)" title="GRU (Soviet Union)">GRU</a> or <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Service years</th><td class="infobox-data">1926–1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Codename</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Egon Hein</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Isaiah Oggins</b> (also known as <b>Ysai</b> or <b>Cy</b>) (July 22, 1898 – 1947) was an American-born <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> and spy for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_secret_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet secret police">Soviet secret police</a>. After working in Europe and the Far East, Oggins was arrested, served eight years in the <a href="/wiki/GULAG" class="mw-redirect" title="GULAG">GULAG</a> detention system, and was <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summarily executed</a> on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Thread_Co._Mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Thread_Co._Mill.jpg/220px-American_Thread_Co._Mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Thread_Co._Mill.jpg/330px-American_Thread_Co._Mill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/American_Thread_Co._Mill.jpg/440px-American_Thread_Co._Mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/American_Thread_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="American Thread Company">American Thread Company</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jillson_Mills" title="Jillson Mills">Jillson Mills</a> in <a href="/wiki/Willimantic,_Connecticut" title="Willimantic, Connecticut">Willimantic, Connecticut</a>, where Oggins was born and grew up</figcaption></figure> <p>The third of four children, Oggins was born 1898 in the mill town of <a href="/wiki/Willimantic,_Connecticut" title="Willimantic, Connecticut">Willimantic, Connecticut</a>, the son of Simon Melamdovich (who changed his name to "Oggins" in America) and his wife Rena, both Jewish immigrants from the Abolnik <a href="/wiki/Shtetl" title="Shtetl">shtetl</a> near Kovno (<a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>), Lithuania. Oggins's parents arrived in New York in 1888. They had three other children.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oggins entered <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in February 1917 under current <a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a> policies. Classmates included publishers <a href="/wiki/Bennet_Cerf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bennet Cerf">Bennet Cerf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Klopfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Klopfer">Donald Klopfer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Simon" title="Richard L. Simon">Richard Simon</a>; historian <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Josephson" title="Matthew Josephson">Matthew Josephson</a>; novelist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bromfield" title="Louis Bromfield">Louis Bromfield</a>, critic <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Kenneth Burke</a>, and author <a href="/wiki/William_Slater_Brown" title="William Slater Brown">William Slater Brown</a>. Professors included <a href="/wiki/John_Erskine_(educator)" title="John Erskine (educator)">John Erskine</a>, George Odell, Robert Livingston Schuyler, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Beard" title="Charles A. Beard">Charles A. Beard</a>. After receiving his B.A. in history, he began a doctorate in history while working at history reader there, then in a night school in the New York Public School system.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1923, Oggins became a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> by joining the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_America" title="Workers Party of America">Workers Party of America</a>. The same year, he changed jobs to work for <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a> as a researcher.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_underground_espionage">Soviet underground espionage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soviet underground espionage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_different_nationalities_on_Kitaiskaia_Street.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Three_different_nationalities_on_Kitaiskaia_Street.JPG/220px-Three_different_nationalities_on_Kitaiskaia_Street.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Three_different_nationalities_on_Kitaiskaia_Street.JPG/330px-Three_different_nationalities_on_Kitaiskaia_Street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Three_different_nationalities_on_Kitaiskaia_Street.JPG/440px-Three_different_nationalities_on_Kitaiskaia_Street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Early 20th-century photo of <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>, site of Oggins' last posting before his arrest by the Soviets</figcaption></figure> <p>As of August 26, 1926, when he applied for his U.S. passport, Oggins had joined the Soviet underground and was readying for his first overseas assignment, probably in Germany and France. In April 1928, his wife Nerma applied for her first U.S. passport. The couple departed from New York on May 5, 1928, for a villa in the <a href="/wiki/Zehlendorf_(Berlin)" title="Zehlendorf (Berlin)">Zehlendorf</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany. They reported to <a href="/wiki/Ignace_Reiss" title="Ignace Reiss">Ignace Reiss</a>. Their job was to maintain a low profile and inhabit their residence, so that other Soviet agents could periodically use it as a safe house for various espionage related activities. To accomplish this mission, Cy and Nerma had to avoid any appearance of being interested in Communist politics; they had to avoid even reading Communist newspapers. Friend <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a> spotted Oggins in the <a href="/wiki/Gendarmenmarkt" title="Gendarmenmarkt">Gendarmenmarkt</a>, as described in his autobiography <i>Out of Step</i> (1984). Oggins had to resist the temptation to have meetings with his old friend, although he did not always resist this temptation fully.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ogginses moved from Berlin to Paris in the spring of 1930. In <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, they watched <a href="/wiki/White_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="White Movement">White Russians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trotskyites" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyites">Trotskyites</a> including Trotsky's Paris-based son, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Sedov" title="Lev Sedov">Lev Sedov</a>, and the family of Michael Feodorovich Romanov. After exposure of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Switz_affair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Switz affair (page does not exist)">l'affaire Switz</a></i> (1933–1934, involving <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_Switz" title="Robert Gordon Switz">Robert Gordon Switz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Stahl" title="Lydia Stahl">Lydia Stahl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Jacobson" title="Arvid Jacobson">Arvid Jacobson</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the Ogginses left Paris (September 1934) and returned to the States with their young son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_S._Oggins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin S. Oggins (page does not exist)">Robin</a> (b. 1931). After a brief stint in New York, they left for San Francisco. Leaving his wife and child behind, Cy Oggins set off for China in September 1935, where he served through 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, Oggins reported to Grace and Manny Granich (brother of <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gold" title="Mike Gold">Mike Gold</a>). In 1936, he worked in <a href="/wiki/Dairen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairen">Dairen</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> and traveled to <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>. He reported to Charles Emile Martin (also known as George Wilmer, Lorenz, Laurenz, Dubois—born <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matus_Steinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matus Steinberg (page does not exist)">Matus Steinberg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgorod-Dnestrovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgorod-Dnestrovsky">Belgorod-Dnestrovsky</a>) and wife Elsa Marie Martin (also known as Joanna Wilmer, Lora, Laura). (Martin later served in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Orchestra_(espionage)" title="Red Orchestra (espionage)">Red Orchestra</a>, spying on Nazi Germany.) By October 1937, the Martins and Ogginses fled separately after <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> attacked <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> in July.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oggins rejoined his wife and son in Paris in February 1938, only to leave again in May. Nerma Berman Oggins left Paris with their son in September 1939 and returned to New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The State Department believes he was stationed in France in 1937–1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GULAG">GULAG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: GULAG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norilsk_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Norilsk_01.jpg/220px-Norilsk_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Norilsk_01.jpg/330px-Norilsk_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Norilsk_01.jpg/440px-Norilsk_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4123" data-file-height="1697" /></a><figcaption>21st-century photo of <a href="/wiki/Norillag" title="Norillag">Norillag</a> (the Norilsk GULAG), where Oggins spent most of his imprisonment</figcaption></figure> <p>On February 20, 1939,<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Soviet <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> arrested Oggins at the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Moskva_(Moscow)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Moskva (Moscow)">Hotel Moskva</a> and took him to the <a href="/wiki/Lubyanka_Building" title="Lubyanka Building">Lubyanka</a>, accusing him of being a traitor. His case received a hearing on January 5, 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten days later, he received a sentence of eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On the next day, Oggins shipped out to <a href="/wiki/Norillag" title="Norillag">Norillag</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where fellow inmates included <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rossi" title="Jacques Rossi">Jacques Rossi</a>. He became known there as "The Professor". Nerma Berman Oggins requested the U.S. Department of State to investigate her husband's disappearance. On April 15, 1942, the US Department of State indicated to the US embassy in Moscow "It is possible that he [Oggins] has been acting for years as an agent of a foreign power or of an international revolutionary organization. Nevertheless it is believed that in view of his American citizenship and of the Soviet agreement in 1933 to inform this Government of the arrest of American citizens, the failure to report his detention should not be ignored."<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 30, 1942, US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a> had the following telegram sent to the US ambassador in Moscow: </p><blockquote> <p><small> Washington, June 30, 1942—11 p.m. <br /> 327. Your 538, June 16, 1 p.m. Please take up this case informally with the Soviet authorities and since Oggins is an American citizen request permission for an American Foreign Service Officer to visit him as provided for in the 1933 agreement, or that Oggins be allowed to appear at the Embassy. <br /> Without at this time giving emphasis to the failure of the Soviet authorities, from the standpoint of commitments of the Soviet Government, to notify the Embassy of Oggins’ arrest, you may, however, express some surprise at such failure and may mention that your Government hopes that steps will be taken to prevent failures of a similar nature from taking place in the future. <br /> The Department is concerned as to the disposition made of Oggins’ passport.<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </small> </p></blockquote><p> On December 8, 1942, Oggins received visits from American diplomats at the <a href="/wiki/Butyrka" class="mw-redirect" title="Butyrka">Butyrka</a> prison in Moscow. By May 1943, the Soviets reneged on his release.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time in the GULAG, Oggins's wife and son pled with US Secretary <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a> to help gain his release.<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curare_darts_and_quiver-ETHAM_007525-IMG_9972-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Curare_darts_and_quiver-ETHAM_007525-IMG_9972-gradient.jpg/220px-Curare_darts_and_quiver-ETHAM_007525-IMG_9972-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Curare_darts_and_quiver-ETHAM_007525-IMG_9972-gradient.jpg/330px-Curare_darts_and_quiver-ETHAM_007525-IMG_9972-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Curare_darts_and_quiver-ETHAM_007525-IMG_9972-gradient.jpg/440px-Curare_darts_and_quiver-ETHAM_007525-IMG_9972-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Oggins died while under observation by <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Mairanovsky" title="Grigory Mairanovsky">Grigory Mairanovsky</a> of the effects of <a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">curare</a> (here, as part of a South American hunting kit)</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1947, it was decided to murder Oggins because the Soviets feared that if the spy were repatriated to the United States, as the US government had requested, he would defect and reveal Soviet secrets. By mid-summer, Oggins was taken to <a href="/wiki/Poison_laboratory_of_the_Soviet_secret_services" title="Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services">Laboratory Number One</a> (the "Kamera"), where <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Mairanovsky" title="Grigory Mairanovsky">Grigory Mairanovsky</a> injected him with the poison <a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">curare</a>, which takes 10–15 minutes to kill.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A death certificate claimed Oggins had died of "sclerosis" and had received burial in a Jewish cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FBI_investigation">FBI investigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: FBI investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> investigation into the Oggins affair commenced in March 1943. After the defection of <a href="/wiki/Igor_Gouzenko" title="Igor Gouzenko">Igor Gouzenko</a>, the name "Oggins" arose again in 1945–1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 10, 1949, FBI investigators questioned <a href="/wiki/Esther_Shemitz" title="Esther Shemitz">Esther Shemitz</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a>, about the Ogginses, as Esther Chambers and Nerma Oggins had both attended the <a href="/wiki/Rand_School_of_Social_Science" title="Rand School of Social Science">Rand School</a> and had worked at the <a href="/wiki/ILGWU" class="mw-redirect" title="ILGWU">ILGWU</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_World_Tomorrow_(magazine)" title="The World Tomorrow (magazine)"><i>The World Tomorrow</i></a> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_Russian–American_investigation"><span id="Joint_Russian.E2.80.93American_investigation"></span>Joint Russian–American investigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Joint Russian–American investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1992, the U.S. and Russia formed the <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_Joint_Commission_on_POW/MIAs" title="U.S.–Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs">U.S.–Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs</a>. Overseeing the investigation was <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Volkogonov" title="Dmitri Volkogonov">Dmitri Volkogonov</a>. On September 23, 1992, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> handed an Oggins case dossier to American diplomat <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Toon" title="Malcolm Toon">Malcolm Toon</a>: Oggins had been liquidated on Stalin's orders.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Lost_Spy"><i>The Lost Spy</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Lost Spy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, Andrew Meier, formerly Moscow bureau chief for <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a></i> magazine, published a biography of Oggins called <i>The Lost Spy</i>. The book resulted from a decade of investigative research into the mysterious circumstances of Oggins's imprisonment and death. It included documentation from Soviet, American, and Swiss archives<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BG_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYPL_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYPL-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Requests_to_FSB">Requests to FSB</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Requests to FSB"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oggins's son has continued to ask for information about his father's death from Soviet successor agencies like the Russian <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a> (generally known by its Russian acronym "FSB").<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poyntz-Juliet-1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Poyntz-Juliet-1918.jpg/220px-Poyntz-Juliet-1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Poyntz-Juliet-1918.jpg/330px-Poyntz-Juliet-1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Poyntz-Juliet-1918.jpg/440px-Poyntz-Juliet-1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Stuart_Poyntz" title="Juliet Stuart Poyntz">Juliet Stuart Poyntz</a>, a teacher at the <a href="/wiki/Rand_School_of_Social_Science" title="Rand School of Social Science">Rand School</a>, where Oggins's wife Nerma Berman studied, became a fellow Soviet spy and "disappeared" in New York City in 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 23, 1924, he married Nerma Berman (1898–1995), a <a href="/wiki/Rand_School_of_Social_Science" title="Rand School of Social Science">Rand School</a> student and <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> activist, born in the <a href="/wiki/Skapiskis" class="mw-redirect" title="Skapiskis">Skapiskis</a> shtetl (also near Kovno).<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became secretary of the New York division of the National Defense Committee of the Rand School for Red Scare victims <a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a> and other professors.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Oggins had one son, Robin, born 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hull_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nerma Berman Oggins drifted from job to job and lived in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> area. She retired in 1965 and lived for a time in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Street_Settlement" title="Henry Street Settlement">Henry Street Settlement</a>. She later moved to <a href="/wiki/Vestal,_New_York" title="Vestal, New York">Vestal, New York</a> to be near her son. She died in Vestal on January 27, 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Spy:_An_American_in_Stalin%27s_Secret_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin's Secret Service">The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin's Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignace_Reiss" title="Ignace Reiss">Ignace Reiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_Switz" title="Robert Gordon Switz">Robert Gordon Switz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Meier-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeier2008" class="citation book cs1">Meier, Andrew (August 11, 2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostspyamericani00meie"><i>The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin's Secret Service</i></a></span>. W. W. Norton. pp. 17–89]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06097-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06097-3"><bdi>978-0-393-06097-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Spy%3A+An+American+in+Stalin%27s+Secret+Service&rft.pages=17-89&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2008-08-11&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06097-3&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostspyamericani00meie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hull-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hull_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1942v03/d649">"The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Standley)"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i>. 30 June 1942<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=The+Secretary+of+State+to+the+Ambassador+in+the+Soviet+Union+%28Standley%29&rft.date=1942-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1942v03%2Fd649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/archive/jan_feb09/bookshelf">"Bookshelf | Columbia College Today"</a>. <i>www.college.columbia.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.college.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Bookshelf+%7C+Columbia+College+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.college.columbia.edu%2Fcct%2Farchive%2Fjan_feb09%2Fbookshelf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHook1984" class="citation book cs1">Hook, Sidney (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/outofstepunquiet00hook/page/94"><i>Out of Step: An Unquiet Life in the 20th Century</i></a>. Harper and Row. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/outofstepunquiet00hook/page/94">94–101, Chapter 8, "Encounter with Espionage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-015632-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-015632-5"><bdi>0-06-015632-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+Step%3A+An+Unquiet+Life+in+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=94-101%2C+Chapter+8%2C+%22Encounter+with+Espionage%22&rft.pub=Harper+and+Row&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-06-015632-5&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foutofstepunquiet00hook%2Fpage%2F94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Meier's book about their time in Berlin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,747225,00.html">"France: Two Blonde Hairs"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. March 26, 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=France%3A+Two+Blonde+Hairs&rft.date=1934-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C747225%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chivers-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chivers_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chivers_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chivers_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chivers_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChivers2008" class="citation news cs1">Chivers, C.J. (7 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/08/world/europe/08oggins.html">"Son Finds Veil on Father's Death Under Stalin Lifting a Bit"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Son+Finds+Veil+on+Father%27s+Death+Under+Stalin+Lifting+a+Bit&rft.date=2008-11-07&rft.aulast=Chivers&rft.aufirst=C.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F08%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F08oggins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/program.pl?ID=143583">"Missing Americans segment on ABC Evening News"</a>. Vanderbilt Television News Archive. September 23, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Missing+Americans+segment+on+ABC+Evening+News&rft.date=1992-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvnews.vanderbilt.edu%2Fprogram.pl%3FID%3D143583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/24/world/russian-tells-of-americans-fate.html">"Russian Tells of Americans' Fate"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. September 24, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Tells+of+Americans%27+Fate&rft.date=1992-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F09%2F24%2Fworld%2Frussian-tells-of-americans-fate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohlen1992" class="citation news cs1">Bohlen, Celestine (September 25, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE1DF1239F936A1575AC0A964958260">"Advice of Stalin: Hold Korean War P.O.W.'s"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Deadly+Fate+Of+2+Cold+War+Victims&rft.date=1992-09-26&rft.aulast=Fireman&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F19920926%2F1515093%2Fdeadly-fate-of-2-cold-war-victims----documents-reveal-how-they-were-imprisoned-and-died-in-soviet-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BG-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BG_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackman2008" class="citation news cs1">Blackman, Ann (10 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2008/08/10/lost_in_the_gulag/">"TLost in the gulag"</a>. Boston Globe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TLost+in+the+gulag&rft.date=2008-08-10&rft.aulast=Blackman&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.boston.com%2Fae%2Fbooks%2Farticles%2F2008%2F08%2F10%2Flost_in_the_gulag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPR_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrispin2008" class="citation news cs1">Crispin, Jessa (8 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94331819">"True-Life Spy Story Unfolds Like A Thriller"</a>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=True-Life+Spy+Story+Unfolds+Like+A+Thriller&rft.date=2008-09-08&rft.aulast=Crispin&rft.aufirst=Jessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D94331819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/archive/jan_feb09/bookshelf">"Bookshelf"</a>. Columbia College Today. February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bookshelf&rft.pub=Columbia+College+Today&rft.date=2009-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.college.columbia.edu%2Fcct%2Farchive%2Fjan_feb09%2Fbookshelf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYPL-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYPL_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2008/09/24/lost-spy-espionage-idealism-cold-war">"The Lost Spy: Espionage & Idealism, Before the Cold War"</a>. Columbia College Today. 24 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Spy%3A+Espionage+%26+Idealism%2C+Before+the+Cold+War&rft.pub=Columbia+College+Today&rft.date=2008-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fevents%2Fprograms%2F2008%2F09%2F24%2Flost-spy-espionage-idealism-cold-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaiah+Oggins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Oggins&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelostspy.com">The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin's Secret Service</a></li></ul> <div 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title="Soviet espionage in the United States">In the US</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1940s and before</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Abt" title="John Abt">John Abt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Barr" title="Joel Barr">Joel Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bentley" title="Elizabeth Bentley">Elizabeth Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Earl Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Bukov" title="Boris Bukov">Boris Bukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lona_Cohen" title="Lona Cohen">Lona Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(spy)" title="Morris Cohen (spy)">Morris Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Coplon" title="Judith Coplon">Judith Coplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Field" title="Noel Field">Noel Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Glasser" title="Harold Glasser">Harold Glasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Gold" title="Harry Gold">Harry Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Greenglass" title="David Greenglass">David Greenglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hall" title="Theodore Hall">Theodore Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herrmann" title="John Herrmann">John Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Hiss" title="Donald Hiss">Donald Hiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Malisoff" title="William Malisoff">William Malisoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hede_Massing" title="Hede Massing">Hede Massing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Morros" title="Boris Morros">Boris Morros</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaiah Oggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Perl" title="William Perl">William Perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Perlo" title="Victor Perlo">Victor Perlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peters" title="J. Peters">J. Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ward_Pigman" title="William Ward Pigman">William Ward Pigman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Pressman" title="Lee Pressman">Lee Pressman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Reno" title="Vincent Reno">Vincent Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg" title="Julius and Ethel Rosenberg">Julius and Ethel Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sarant" title="Alfred Sarant">Alfred Sarant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saville_Sax" title="Saville Sax">Saville Sax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Sobell" title="Morton Sobell">Morton Sobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ulanovsky" title="Alexander Ulanovsky">Alexander Ulanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Ulanovskaya" title="Nadezhda Ulanovskaya">Nadezhda Ulanovskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Wadleigh" title="Julian Wadleigh">Julian Wadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ware" title="Harold Ware">Harold Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weisband" title="Bill Weisband">Bill Weisband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Nathaniel Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White" title="Harry Dexter White">Harry Dexter White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Wicher" title="Maria Wicher">Maria Wicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Witt" title="Nathan Witt">Nathan Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Wovschin" title="Flora Wovschin">Flora Wovschin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Yatskov" title="Anatoli Yatskov">Anatoli Yatskov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_espionage" title="Cold War espionage">Cold War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Abel" title="Rudolf Abel">Rudolf Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrich_Ames" title="Aldrich Ames">Aldrich Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sheldon_Boone" title="David Sheldon Boone">David Sheldon Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_John_Boyce" title="Christopher John Boyce">Christopher John Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Patrick_Cavanaugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh">Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dunlap" title="Jack Dunlap">Jack Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_III" title="James Hall III">James Hall III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hanssen" title="Robert Hanssen">Robert Hanssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reino_H%C3%A4yh%C3%A4nen" title="Reino Häyhänen">Reino Häyhänen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lee_Howard" title="Edward Lee Howard">Edward Lee Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee_Johnson_(spy)" title="Robert Lee Johnson (spy)">Robert Lee Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Koecher" title="Karl Koecher">Karl Koecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Daulton_Lee" title="Andrew Daulton Lee">Andrew Daulton Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lipka" title="Robert Lipka">Robert Lipka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_J._Lonetree" title="Clayton J. Lonetree">Clayton J. Lonetree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(agent)" title="Richard Miller (agent)">Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Pelton" title="Ronald Pelton">Ronald Pelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Edwin_Pitts" title="Earl Edwin Pitts">Earl Edwin Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Soble" title="Jack Soble">Jack Soble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Soble" title="Myra Soble">Myra Soble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Soblen" title="Robert Soblen">Robert Soblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Seborer" title="Oscar Seborer">Oscar Seborer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thompson_(spy)" title="Robert Thompson (spy)">Robert Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Trofimoff" title="George Trofimoff">George Trofimoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Walker" title="John Anthony Walker">John Anthony Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Whitworth" title="Jerry Whitworth">Jerry Whitworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Post-Soviet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Buryakov" title="Evgeny Buryakov">Evgeny Buryakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Chapman" title="Anna Chapman">Anna Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debbins" title="Peter Debbins">Peter Debbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hanssen" title="Robert Hanssen">Robert Hanssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_James_Nicholson" title="Harold James Nicholson">Harold James Nicholson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illegals_Program" title="Illegals Program">Illegals Program</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five">Cambridge Five</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Burgess" title="Guy Burgess">Guy Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cairncross" title="John Cairncross">John Cairncross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(spy)" title="Donald Maclean (spy)">Donald Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Portland_spy_ring" title="Portland spy ring">Portland spy ring</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lona_Cohen" title="Lona Cohen">Lona Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(spy)" title="Morris Cohen (spy)">Morris Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Gee" title="Ethel Gee">Ethel Gee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Houghton" title="Harry Houghton">Harry Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konon_Molody" title="Konon Molody">Konon Molody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bettaney" title="Michael Bettaney">Michael Bettaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake">George Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crook" title="David Crook">David Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litzi_Friedmann" title="Litzi Friedmann">Litzi Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Glading" title="Percy Glading">Percy Glading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melita_Norwood" title="Melita Norwood">Melita Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Nunn_May" title="Alan Nunn May">Alan Nunn May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peet_(1915%E2%80%931988)" title="John Peet (1915–1988)">John Peet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Prime" title="Geoffrey Prime">Geoffrey Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goronwy_Rees" title="Goronwy Rees">Goronwy Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_John_Smith_(espionage)" title="Michael John Smith (espionage)">Michael John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Springhall" title="Dave Springhall">Dave Springhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Symonds" title="John Alexander Symonds">John Alexander Symonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Tudor-Hart" title="Edith Tudor-Hart">Edith Tudor-Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vassall" title="John Vassall">John Vassall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wynn" title="Arthur Wynn">Arthur Wynn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Carr" title="Sam Carr">Sam Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Delisle" title="Jeffrey Delisle">Jeffrey Delisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Gouzenko" title="Igor Gouzenko">Igor Gouzenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Miller" title="Elena Miller">Elena Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Munsinger" title="Gerda Munsinger">Gerda Munsinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Joseph_Ratkai" title="Stephen Joseph Ratkai">Stephen Joseph Ratkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rose_(politician)" title="Fred Rose (politician)">Fred Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohide_Ishida" title="Hirohide Ishida">Hirohide Ishida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotoku_Miyagi" title="Yotoku Miyagi">Yotoku Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka" title="Sanzō Nosaka">Sanzō Nosaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotsumi_Ozaki" title="Hotsumi Ozaki">Hotsumi Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABz%C5%8D_Sejima" title="Ryūzō Sejima">Ryūzō Sejima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere /<br />in combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gregory_Barmine" title="Alexander Gregory Barmine">Alexander Gregory Barmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stig_Bergling" title="Stig Bergling">Stig Bergling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Gerhardt" title="Dieter Gerhardt">Dieter Gerhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Krivitsky" title="Walter Krivitsky">Walter Krivitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerttu_Nuorteva" title="Kerttu Nuorteva">Kerttu Nuorteva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Petrov_(diplomat)" title="Vladimir Petrov (diplomat)">Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Raskolnikov" title="Fyodor Raskolnikov">Fyodor Raskolnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Redl" title="Alfred Redl">Alfred Redl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignace_Reiss" title="Ignace Reiss">Ignace Reiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Shlykov" title="Vitaly Shlykov">Vitaly Shlykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Simm" title="Herman Simm">Herman Simm</a></li> <li><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddiq_Ghouse" class="extiw" title="ms:Siddiq Ghouse">Siddiq Ghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sorge" title="Richard Sorge">Richard Sorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Treholt" title="Arne Treholt">Arne Treholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stig_Wennerstr%C3%B6m_(colonel)" title="Stig Wennerström (colonel)">Stig Wennerström</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_defectors_to_the_Soviet_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_defectors_to_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:American defectors to the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_defectors_to_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:American defectors to the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_defectors_to_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American defectors to the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_defectors_to_the_Soviet_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">American defectors to the Soviet Union</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1917%E2%80%931927)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Soviet Union (1917–1927)">Revolutionary era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Adams_(spy)" title="Arthur Adams (spy)">Arthur Adams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">William D. Haywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_(journalist)" title="John Reed (journalist)">John S. Reed</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1927%E2%80%931953)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)">Stalin era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gelver" title="Alexander Gelver">Alexander Gelver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sarant" title="Alfred Sarant">Alfred E. Sarant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flora_Wovschin" title="Flora Wovschin">Flora D. Wovschin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George A. Koval</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaiah Oggins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Barr" title="Joel Barr">Joel Barr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lona_Cohen" title="Lona Cohen">Lona Cohen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(spy)" title="Morris Cohen (spy)">Morris Cohen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sgovio" title="Thomas Sgovio">Thomas Sgovio</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1953%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)">Post-Stalin era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Lockshin" title="Arnold Lockshin">Arnold Lockshin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Mitchell_defection" title="Martin and Mitchell defection">Bernon F. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lee_Howard" title="Edward Lee Howard">Edward Lee Howard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_M._Koch" title="Harold M. Koch">Harold M. Koch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Edward_Webster" title="Robert Edward Webster">Robert E. Webster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Dubinsky" title="Shirley Dubinsky">Shirley Dubinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Mitchell_defection" title="Martin and Mitchell defection">William H. Martin</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6078549#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6078549#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6078549#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000385874673">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24409770">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13632259X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p325964599">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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