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Land & soil resources » Manaaki Whenua

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<div class="c-standard-banner " style="background-image: url(/assets/Discover-Our-Research/Land/190327_-6089__FillMaxWzIwMDAsNTQwXQ.jpg)"> <div class="c-standard-banner__content"> <ul class="c-breadcrumbs"> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link"> Home </a> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link"> Discover our research </a> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link"> Enhancing soils, water &amp; land </a> </li> </ul> <h1 class="c-standard-banner__title"> Land &amp; soil resources </h1> </div> </div> <div class="l-content-container l-content-container--has-sidebar" id="overview"> <div class="c-sidebar"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/" title="Enhancing soils, water &amp; land" class="c-button"> Back a level <svg class="c-svg-icon c-button__icon"> <use xlink:href="/_resources/themes/default/images/icons/icons.svg?m=1738568535#icon-arrow-left"></use> </svg> </a> <h5 class="c-sidebar__title"> In this section </h5> <ul class="c-section-nav"> <li class="c-section-nav__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/" title="Enhancing soils, water &amp; land" class="c-section-nav__link c-section-nav__link--top">Enhancing soils, water &amp; land</a> <ul class="c-section-nav__menu"> <li class="c-section-nav__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/erosion-and-sediment/" title="Erosion &amp; sediment" class="c-section-nav__link " > Erosion &amp; sediment </a> </li> <li class="c-section-nav__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/land-and-soil-resources/" title="Land &amp; soil resources" class="c-section-nav__link c-section-nav__link--current" aria-current="page"> Land &amp; soil resources </a> <ul class="c-section-nav__menu c-section-nav__menu--tier-3"> <li class="c-section-nav__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/land-and-soil-resources/hydrological-models/" title="Integrating soil data into hydrological models – results of a user survey" class="c-section-nav__link">Integrating soil data into hydrological models</a> </li> <li class="c-section-nav__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/land-and-soil-resources/ida/" title="Innovative data analysis programme" class="c-section-nav__link">Innovative data analysis programme</a> </li> <li class="c-section-nav__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/land-and-soil-resources/bridging-the-gap-between-remote-sensing-and-tree-modelling-with-data-science/" title="Bridging the gap between remote sensing and tree modelling with data science" class="c-section-nav__link">Bridging the gap between remote sensing and tree modelling with data science</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-section-nav__item"> <a href="/discover-our-research/land/soil-and-ecosystem-health/" title="Soil &amp; ecosystem health" class="c-section-nav__link " > Soil &amp; ecosystem health </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="l-content-page-summary"> Soils, landscapes and natural resources such as water underpin natural and managed ecosystems. They provide ecosystem and productive services on which we rely for agriculture and forestry and act as a platform for communities, infrastructure, and the national identity on which our culture and tourist trade is based. </div> <div class="l-elemental-content"> <div class="l-content-block l-content-block--default "> <div class="element dnadesign__elemental__models__elementcontent" id="e2031"> <div class="content-element__content"> <a id="content"></a> <p>Current land uses, intensification, the changing geographical pattern of our land uses, as well as climate change and variability, are putting increasing pressures on our soils, landscapes, and natural resources, threatening their ability to sustain the critical functions on which we depend.</p><p>Our research looks at the complex inter-relationships that control the response of soils and landscapes to climatic and human-induced pressures, evaluating current risk, and offering sustainable land use and natural resource allocation options.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-content-block l-content-block--alone "> <div class="element relatedcontent" id="e2531"> <a id="related-science"></a> <div class="c-section-header"> <h4 class="c-section-header__title"> Related science </h4> </div> <div class="c-related-content c-related-content--4-up"> <div class="carousel carousel--4-up"> <div class="carousel-cell"> <div class="c-related-content__item"> <a class="c-related-content__link" href="/discover-our-research/land/land-and-soil-resources/bridging-the-gap-between-remote-sensing-and-tree-modelling-with-data-science/"> <span class="c-related-content__image-container"> <img class="c-related-content__image" src="/assets/Discover-Our-Research/Land/Bridging-the-gap-between-remote-sensing-and-tree-modelling-with-data-science/wellington__FillMaxWzMwMCwyMDBd.jpg" width="300" height="200" alt="wellington"> </span> <h4 class="c-related-content__title"> Bridging the gap between remote sensing and tree modelling with data 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class="c-related-content__desc"> The Innovative Data Analysis programme overall goals were to research ways to integrate and harmonise high-priority heterogeneous land re... </p> </a> <ul class="c-tag-list"> <li class="c-tag-list__item"> <a href="/search/?type=project" class="c-tag c-tag--content-type c-tag--small">Project</a> </li> <li class="c-tag-list__item"> <a href="/search/?tag=land" class="c-tag c-tag--small">Land</a> </li> <li class="c-tag-list__item"> <a href="/search/?tag=soil" class="c-tag c-tag--small">Soil</a> </li> <li class="c-tag-list__item"> <a href="/search/?tag=modelling" class="c-tag c-tag--small">Modelling</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- End carousel-cell --> <div class="carousel-cell"> <div class="c-related-content__item"> <a class="c-related-content__link" href="/discover-our-research/land/land-and-soil-resources/hydrological-models/"> <span class="c-related-content__image-container"> <img class="c-related-content__image" src="/assets/Discover-Our-Research/Land/hydrological-models/3__FillMaxWzMwMCwyMDBd.jpg" width="300" height="200" alt="3"> </span> <h4 class="c-related-content__title"> Integrating soil data into hydrological models </h4> <p class="c-related-content__desc"> The objective of this survey was to establish the current and future needs of hydrological model users to assess: (a) the advantages of d... </p> </a> <ul class="c-tag-list"> <li class="c-tag-list__item"> <a href="/search/?type=project" class="c-tag c-tag--content-type c-tag--small">Project</a> </li> <li class="c-tag-list__item"> <a href="/search/?tag=hydrology" class="c-tag c-tag--small">Hydrology</a> </li> <li class="c-tag-list__item"> <a href="/search/?tag=modelling" class="c-tag c-tag--small">Modelling</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- End carousel-cell --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-content-block l-content-block--alone "> <div class="element relatedcontent" id="e9926"> <a id="related-news"></a> <div 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