CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Violent crime - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3c0f288e-379f-4ab6-a24c-e45d4277e06b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Violent_crime","wgTitle":"Violent crime","wgCurRevisionId":1259879267,"wgRevisionId":1259879267,"wgArticleId":273381, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Violent_crime","wgRelevantArticleId":273381,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym": "अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym": "Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"el","autonym":"Ελληνικά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"es","autonym":"español","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fa","autonym":"فارسی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym": "Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fr","autonym":"français","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym": "farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io", "autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"it","autonym":"italiano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ja","autonym":"日本語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym": "latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nl","autonym":"Nederlands","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym": "Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pl","autonym":"polski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pt","autonym":"português","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym": "Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zh","autonym":"中文","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja", "jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"], "isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1520311","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init", "mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Violent crime - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Violent_crime rootpage-Violent_crime stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="en" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Home </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Random?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Random </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Violent+crime&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Violent+crime&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_en.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Den%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Violent crime</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab "><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Violent+crime&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> "Violent Crimes" redirects here. For the Kanye West song, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_Crimes_(song)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violent Crimes (song)">Violent Crimes (song)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject. You may <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DViolent_crime%26action%3Dedit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:Violent crime">talk page</a>, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate. (July 2010) (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> A violent crime, violent felony, crime of violence or crime of a violent nature is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime">crime</a> in which an offender or perpetrator uses or threatens to use harmful <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Force_(law)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Force (law)">force</a> upon a victim. This entails both crimes in which the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violence">violent</a> act is the objective, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murder">murder</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assault">assault</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rape">rape</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassination?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassination">assassination</a>, as well as crimes in which violence is used as a method of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coercion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coercion">coercion</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Show_of_force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Show of force">show of force</a>, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robbery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robbery">robbery</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extortion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extortion">extortion</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrorism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>. Violent crimes may, or may not, be committed with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weapon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weapon">weapons</a>. Depending on the jurisdiction, violent crimes may be regarded with varying severities from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homicide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homicide">homicide</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harassment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harassment">harassment</a>. Violent criminals who use hostile acts towards others include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murderer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Murderer">murderers</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Active_shooter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Active shooter">active shooters</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kidnapper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidnapper">robbers, kidnappers</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rapist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapist">rapists</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burglar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Burglar">burglars</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robbery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robbery">muggers</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torturer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Torturer">torturers</a>. Another category of violent criminals are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carjacking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carjacking">hijackers of cars</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aircraft hijacking">aircraft</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Criminal_organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal organization">Criminal organizations</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gangster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gangster">gangsters</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drug_cartel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drug cartel">drug cartels</a> frequently employ violent criminals in their group, usually as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mob_enforcer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mob enforcer">enforcers</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hitmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitmen">hitmen</a>. Violent criminals often display characteristics such as low <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anger">anger</a> threshold, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disinhibition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disinhibition">disinhibition</a>/absence of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impulsivity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impulsivity">impulsivity</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impulse_control?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Impulse control">control</a>, strong <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territoriality_(nonverbal_communication)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Territoriality (nonverbal communication)">territorial instinct</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antisocial_personality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisocial personality">antisocial personality</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychopathy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychopathy">psychological</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mental_health_issue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental health issue">mental health issues</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aggressive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggressive">aggressive</a> tendencies which enable them to carry out usually violent acts. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Violent_crime_by_country">1 Violent crime by country</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Australia">1.1 Australia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Canada">1.2 Canada</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#New_Zealand">1.3 New Zealand</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Europe">1.4 Europe</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#United_States">1.5 United States</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">2 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">3 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">4 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Violent_crime_by_country">Violent crime by country</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Violent crime by country" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The comparison of violent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime statistics">crime statistics</a> between countries is usually problematic, due to the way different countries classify crime.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eurosb2010-1">[1]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Segessenmann-2">[2]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Valid comparisons require that similar <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime">offences</a> between jurisdictions be compared. Often this is not possible, because crime statistics aggregate equivalent offences in such different ways that make it difficult or impossible to obtain a valid comparison. Depending on the jurisdiction, violent crimes may include: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homicide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homicide">homicide</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murder">murder</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assault">assault</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manslaughter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexual_assault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rape">rape</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robbery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robbery">robbery</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negligence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negligence">negligence</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endangerment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Endangerment">endangerment</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kidnapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> (abduction), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extortion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extortion">extortion</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harassment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harassment">harassment</a>. Different countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Europe, and the United States all have different systems of recording and reporting crimes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Australia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Australia">Crime in Australia</a> </div> The International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS) is one way Australia analyzes crime. This way is done separately from formal police reporting and allows the citizens of Australia to express their experience of crime that otherwise would not have been reported to the police. It is similar to the NCVS which is a survey that the United States does to estimate non-reported crime. The two major categories of the ICVS are personal crime and household crime. The first annual national survey of crime victimization in Australia, the Crime Victimisation Survey, was conducted in 2008–09.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Personal crimes included in the survey are: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Noun_robbery_4270.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Noun_robbery_4270.svg/220px-Noun_robbery_4270.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Noun_robbery_4270.svg/220px-Noun_robbery_4270.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Noun_robbery_4270.svg/330px-Noun_robbery_4270.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Noun_robbery_4270.svg/440px-Noun_robbery_4270.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Visual representation of a confrontation taking place that may lead to a personal crime occurring </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>Physical assault</li> <li>Threatened assault (including face-to-face and non face-to-face)</li> <li>Robbery (including attempted)</li> <li>Sexual assault (including attempted)</li> </ul> One type of sexual offense is Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Intimate Partner Violence<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> often stems from other violent tendencies/ behavior such as anger, lack of self-control and/or mental instability. There is a gender gap that is notable when it comes to Intimate Partner Violence. Men are more likely to be guilty of general violence while women are more likely to be guilty of IPV. Lack of self-control in men has a direct correlation on whether they are guilty of IPV or not, while anger is more correlated to women on whether they engage in this type of behavior or not.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Household Crimes that often lead to violent crime include burglary and attempted burglary. Rates for household crimes were higher than personal crimes and this rate is calculated based on every 100 people per 100 households.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Australia (as well as New Zealand) classifies crime according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Offence Classification (ANZSOC).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ANZSOC-9">[9]</a> Originally released in 1997 as the Australian Standard Offence Classification (ASOC), it was revised in 2008 and renamed in 2011 to reflect the international use of the standard in both countries and follows an agreed policy to harmonise classifications between the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and Statistics New Zealand.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ANZSOC-9">[9]</a> The standard has no single category for violent crime, but its first six divisions involve offences committed against the person:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ANZSOC-9">[9]</a> <dl> <dd> 01 Homicide and related offences; </dd> <dd> 02 Acts intended to cause injury; </dd> <dd> 03 Sexual assault and related offences; </dd> <dd> 04 Dangerous or negligent acts endangering persons; </dd> <dd> 05 Abduction, harassment, and other offences against the person; </dd> <dd> 06 Robbery, extortion, and related offences. </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Canada">Crime in Canada</a> </div> Canada conducts an annual measure of crime incidences[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">spelling?</a>] called the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> UCR "Violent Criminal Code" violations include: homicide, attempted murder, sexual assault, assault, robbery, criminal harassment, uttering threats, and other violent violations.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Canada also collects information on crime victimization every five years via its General Social Survey on Victimisation (GSS). Among the eight GSS crimes tracked are three violent crimes: sexual assault, robbery, and physical assault.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CVC2009-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: New Zealand" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime in New Zealand</a> </div> Before the country adopted the Australian standard for classifying offences (ASOC) in 2010,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>'s crime statistics<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> had a category for violence that included <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homicide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homicide">homicides</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kidnapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kidnapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kidnapping">abduction</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robbery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robbery">robbery</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assault">assaults</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intimidation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intimidation">intimidation</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coercion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coercion">threats</a>, and group assembly, while all <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexual_offence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual offence">sexual offences</a> were shown in a separate category from violence.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Segessenmann-2">[2]</a> Violent crime is not specifically defined New Zealand legislation, with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crimes_Act_1961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crimes Act 1961">Crimes Act 1961</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> instead having separate legislation that deal with "Crimes against morality and decency, sexual crimes, crimes against public welfare"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and "Crimes against the person".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 2015, New Zealand Police changed the way it counted crime from counting recorded offences, to counting people victimised or those found to be offending.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The rationale behind the change was that instead of just simply recording the offense, analyzing who exactly is the victim and who exactly is the offender can be more helpful in understanding the nature of the violent crime along with pointing out any trends/patterns. Historic recorded offence statistics from 1994 to 2014 are available from Statistics NZ,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> while more recent statistics are available from New Zealand Police via policedata.nz.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> While violent crime is not defined in New Zealand Law, the first 6 divisions of the classification standard do define offences against the person.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ANZSOC-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Austria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_the_Czech_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#England_and_Wales" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">England</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Crime in the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in Sweden">Sweden</a> count minor violence such as slapping another person as assault.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eurosb2010-1">[1]</a> An example is the case of Ilias Kasidiaris in 2012. Kasidaris, then spokesperson for Greece's far-right Golden Dawn party, slapped a left-wing female opponent in the face during a live televised debate. He was subsequently wanted by Greek prosecutors for assault and faced an arrest warrant.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. Why single out Greece or slapping as a assault? The example is irrelevant noise that distracts from the contrast with France. (February 2021)">relevant?</a>] <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in France">France</a> does not count minor violence like slapping somebody as assault.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eurosb2010-1">[1]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> includes all <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violence">violence</a> against the person including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexual_offence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual offence">sexual offences</a>, as violent crime.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Today, violent crimes are considered the most heinous whereas historically, according to Simon Dedo, crimes against property were equally important.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Rates of violent crime in the UK are recorded by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Crime_Survey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crime Survey">British Crime Survey</a>. Statistics from the 2010/2011 report on crime in England and Wales showed that violent crime continues a general downward trend observed over the last few decades. "The 2010/11 BCS showed overall violence was down 47 percent on the level seen at its peak in 1995; representing nearly two million fewer violent offences per year." In 2010/11, 31 people per 1,000 interviewed reported being a victim of violent crime in the 12 preceding months. Regarding murder, "increasing levels of homicide (at around 2% to 3% per year) [have been observed] from the 1960s through to the end of the twentieth century". Recently the murder rate has declined, "a fall of 19 percent in homicides since 2001/02", as measured by The Homicide Index.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="United_States">United States</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crime in the United States">Crime in the United States</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png/220px-Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png/220px-Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png/330px-Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png/440px-Violent_Crime_in_the_United_States.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Violent crime in the United States per the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg/220px-2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg/220px-2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg/330px-2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg/440px-2021_Homicide_rates_in_high-income_countries_-_variable-width_bar_chart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Among 15 high-income countries, the U.S. has both the highest homicide rate, and the largest number of homicides.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNODC_homicides_2021-27">[27]</a> </figcaption> </figure> The U.S. federal government's definition of a "crime of violence" is stated at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">Title 18 of the United States Code</a> Chapter 1 § 16:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-USC18%C2%A716-28">[28]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> The term “crime of violence” means— <dl> <dd> (a) an offense that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of another, or </dd> <dd> (b) any other offense that is a felony and that, by its nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing the offense. </dd> </dl> </blockquote> There are two main crime databases maintained by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ): the Bureau of Justice Statistics' <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Crime_Victimization_Survey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Crime Victimization Survey">National Crime Victimization Survey</a> (NCVS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniform_Crime_Report?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Crime Report">Uniform Crime Report</a> (UCR). Non-fatal violence is reported in the NCVS, which measures <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rape">rape</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexual_assault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robbery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robbery">robbery</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aggravated_assault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggravated assault">aggravated</a> and simple <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assault">assault</a> reported by households surveyed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BJSNCVS-29">[29]</a> The UCR tracks similar non-fatal violence, plus <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murder">murder</a> and non-negligent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manslaughter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a> recorded by law enforcement.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FBIUCR-Violent-30">[30]</a> There are significant methodological and definitional differences between the NCVS and UCR: <ul> <li>The NCVS includes estimates of both reported and unreported crimes, while the UCR collects data on crimes recorded by the police.</li> <li>The UCR includes homicide, arson, and commercial crimes, while the NCVS does not.</li> <li>The UCR excludes simple assault (attacks or attempted attacks without a weapon resulting in either no injury or minor injury) and sexual assault, which are in the NCVS.</li> <li>The NCVS data are estimates from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households, but the UCR data are based on the actual counts of offenses reported by law enforcement.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG/220px-UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="573"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG/220px-UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG/330px-UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG/440px-UCR_versus_NCVS.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Comparison of the UCR and NCVS in relation to reported/unreported crime </figcaption> </figure> The NCVS excludes crimes against children under 12 years, persons in institutions, and, possibly, highly mobile populations and the homeless; however, victimizations against these persons may be included in the UCR. Since they use different methodologies and measure overlapping, but not identical, crimes, the data are complementary and not necessarily congruent.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BJSCStats2012-31">[31]</a>: 9 UCR and FBI In 2019, The FBI's data reports that there were approximately 1,203,808 Violent Crimes that occurred in the United States. Compared to statistics from last year, robbery, rape, and burglary offenses saw a decrease in rates while assault and murder saw a slight increase. Per 100,000 people living in the United States, 156 arrests were made that related to violent crime in some capacity. More specifically, for every 100,000 people, 3 arrests were made for murder, 7 for rape, 24 for robbery, and assault was the most common with 120 arrests made for every 100,000 people.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Bureau of Justice Statistics and NCVS <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg/220px-Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="593"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg/220px-Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg/330px-Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg/440px-Violent_Crime_Rate_by_U.S._state.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Color Coded Rates of Violent Crime in the United States (2019) </figcaption> </figure> In 2019, The NCVS data collected consisted of 155,076 households across the United States. A notable statistic from this data collection is the rate of violent crime dropping 15% in 2019. Per 1,000 individuals interviewed, 7.3 people were said to be victims of a violent crime which is a decrease compared to 2018 (8.6 per every 1,000 people). Being a victim of a violent crime as it relates to race decreased as well. Black people saw a decrease of 29% while white people saw a decrease of 22%.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Violent crime in both the UCR and NCVS categories have a common variable: alcohol consumption. About 25% of American women have been victims of sexual assault while about 20% of American men have been the ones to commit this sexual assault and other violent behavior, which shows a clear gender gap.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Women are disproportionately more likely to be victims of these categories in the United States. Alcohol is known to impair judgement which results in irrational decisions being made. The UCR rates for forcible rape are so low because women are unlikely to report being a victim of this violent behavior. In 2011, the UCR violent crime rate had dropped to 386.3 cases per 100,000 persons, compared to 729.6 per 100,000 in 1990.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Statista2013-35">[35]</a> U.S. homicide data is also available in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Vital_Statistics_System?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Vital Statistics System">National Vital Statistics System</a> (NVSS). Socioeconomic Status and Crime Rates Socioeconomic status plays an influential role in levels of violent crime, there is a direct correlation between poverty and increased violence in deprived areas of the United States.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-37">[37]</a> People living in poverty are more likely to turn to violent crime as a means to provide for their family if they feel that the legal means of doing so are insufficient. Poverty can promote a Darwinian "survival of the fittest" approach where personal prosperity is prioritised over the lives of others, leading to an increased tolerance for committing violent crime.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-37">[37]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eurosb2010-1">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eurosb2010_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eurosb2010_1-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eurosb2010_1-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.europeansourcebook.org/ob285_full.pdf">European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics – 2010</a>, fourth edition, p30.</li> <li id="cite_note-Segessenmann-2">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Segessenmann_2-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Segessenmann_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSegessenmann2002" class="citation web cs1">Segessenmann, Tanya (11 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/international-comparisons-of-violent-crime.pdf">"International Comparisons of Recorded Violent Crime Rates for 2002"</a> (PDF). justice.govt.nz. New Zealand Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 20 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=justice.govt.nz&rft.atitle=International+Comparisons+of+Recorded+Violent+Crime+Rates+for+2002&rft.date=2002-06-11&rft.aulast=Segessenmann&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FDocuments%2FPublications%2Finternational-comparisons-of-violent-crime.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Compiling-and-comparing-International-Crime-Statistics.html">"Compiling and Comparing International Crime Statistics"</a>. Unodc.org. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compiling+and+Comparing+International+Crime+Statistics&rft.pub=Unodc.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Funodc%2Fen%2Fdata-and-analysis%2FCompiling-and-comparing-International-Crime-Statistics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Crime_statistics">"Crime statistics - Statistics Explained"</a>. Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crime+statistics+-+Statistics+Explained&rft.pub=Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fstatistics_explained%2Findex.php%2FCrime_statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2014" class="citation web cs1">Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014-02-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4530.0main%2Bfeatures100022012-13">"Crime Victimisation, Australia, 2012-13"</a>. abs.gov.au. Commonwealth of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=Crime+Victimisation%2C+Australia%2C+2012-13&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fausstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FLookup%2F4530.0main%2Bfeatures100022012-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagwell-GrayMessingBaldwin-White2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bagwell-Gray, Meredith E.; Messing, Jill Theresa; Baldwin-White, Adrienne (2015-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838014557290">"Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: A Review of Terms, Definitions, and Prevalence"</a>. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 16 (3): 316–335. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F1524838014557290">10.1177/1524838014557290</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1524-8380">1524-8380</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561088">25561088</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12859724">12859724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trauma%2C+Violence%2C+%26+Abuse&rft.atitle=Intimate+Partner+Sexual+Violence%3A+A+Review+of+Terms%2C+Definitions%2C+and+Prevalence&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=316-335&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.issn=1524-8380&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12859724%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25561088&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1524838014557290&rft.aulast=Bagwell-Gray&rft.aufirst=Meredith+E.&rft.au=Messing%2C+Jill+Theresa&rft.au=Baldwin-White%2C+Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%2F1524838014557290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> Thornton, Abigail J. V.; Graham‐Kevan, Nicola; Archer, John (2016). "Intimate partner violence: Are the risk factors similar for men and women, and similar to other types of offending?". Aggressive Behavior. 42 (4): 404–412. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1002%252Fab.21635">10.1002/ab.21635</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> 1098-2337</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> Johnson H 2005. Crime victimisation in Australia: key findings of the 2004 International Crime Victimisation Survey. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 298. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi298">https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi298</a></li> <li id="cite_note-ANZSOC-9">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ANZSOC_9-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ANZSOC_9-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ANZSOC_9-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ANZSOC_9-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/1234.0">"1234.0 - Australian and New Zealand Standard Offence Classification (ANZSOC), 2011"</a>. www.abs.gov.au. National Centre for Crime and Justice Statistics, Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=1234.0+-+Australian+and+New+Zealand+Standard+Offence+Classification+%28ANZSOC%29%2C+2011&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fausstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2Fmf%2F1234.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function%3DgetSurvey%26SDDS%3D3302">"Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR)"</a>. statcan.gc.ca. Canada.gc.ca. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2014-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Uniform+Crime+Reporting+Survey+%28UCR%29&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww23.statcan.gc.ca%2Fimdb%2Fp2SV.pl%3FFunction%3DgetSurvey%26SDDS%3D3302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/legal50a-eng.htm">"Crimes, by type of violation, and by province and territory"</a>. statcan.gc.ca. Canada.gc.ca. 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2014-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Crimes%2C+by+type+of+violation%2C+and+by+province+and+territory&rft.date=2013-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Ftables-tableaux%2Fsum-som%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Flegal50a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-CVC2009-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CVC2009_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerreaultBrennan2013" class="citation web cs1">Perreault, Samuel; Brennan, Shannon (2013-05-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2010002/article/11340-eng.htm?fpv%3D2693">"Criminal victimization in Canada, 2009"</a>. statcan.gc.ca. Canada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2014-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Criminal+victimization+in+Canada%2C+2009&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft.aulast=Perreault&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.au=Brennan%2C+Shannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fpub%2F85-002-x%2F2010002%2Farticle%2F11340-eng.htm%3Ffpv%3D2693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/crime-statistics-fiscal-year-ending-30-june-2010">"Crime Statistics for the fiscal year ending 30 June 2010"</a>. police.govt.nz. New Zealand Police. 1 October 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=police.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Crime+Statistics+for+the+fiscal+year+ending+30+June+2010&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fabout-us%2Fpublication%2Fcrime-statistics-fiscal-year-ending-30-june-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolice_National_Headquarters2010" class="citation journal cs1">Police National Headquarters (1 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/crime-stats-national-20091231.pdf">"New Zealand Crime Statistics 2009"</a> (PDF). New Zealand Crime Statistics. A Summary of Recorded and Resolved Offence Statistics. New Zealand Police. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1178-1521">1178-1521</a>. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Crime+Statistics&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Crime+Statistics+2009&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.issn=1178-1521&rft.au=Police+National+Headquarters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fcrime-stats-national-20091231.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM327382.html">"Crimes Act 1961 No 43 (as at 26 August 2020)"</a>. www.legislation.govt.nz. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office/Te Tari Tohutohu Pāremata. 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Crimes+Act+1961+No+43+%28as+at+26+August+2020%29&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1961%2F0043%2Flatest%2FDLM327382.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329034.html">"Part 7 Crimes against morality and decency, sexual crimes, and crimes against public welfare"</a>. www.legislation.govt.nz. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office/Te Tari Tohutohu Pāremata. 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Part+7+Crimes+against+morality+and+decency%2C+sexual+crimes%2C+and+crimes+against+public+welfare&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1961%2F0043%2Flatest%2FDLM329034.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329288.html">"Part 8 Crimes against the person"</a>. www.legislation.govt.nz. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office/Te Tari Tohutohu Pāremata. 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Part+8+Crimes+against+the+person&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1961%2F0043%2Flatest%2FDLM329288.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/transformation-nz-police-crime-statistics-new-measures-and-trends">"The transformation of NZ Police crime statistics: New measures and trends"</a>. www.police.govt.nz. New Zealand Police. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.police.govt.nz&rft.atitle=The+transformation+of+NZ+Police+crime+statistics%3A+New+measures+and+trends&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fabout-us%2Fpublication%2Ftransformation-nz-police-crime-statistics-new-measures-and-trends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode%3DTABLECODE7405">"NZ.Stat: Annual Recorded Offences for the latest Calendar Years (ANZSOC)"</a>. nzdotstat.stat.govt.nz. Statistics NZ. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzdotstat.stat.govt.nz&rft.atitle=NZ.Stat%3A+Annual+Recorded+Offences+for+the+latest+Calendar+Years+%28ANZSOC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzdotstat.stats.govt.nz%2Fwbos%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DTABLECODE7405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publications-statistics/data-and-statistics/policedatanz">"policedata.nz"</a>. policedata.nz. New Zealand Police. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=policedata.nz&rft.atitle=policedata.nz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fabout-us%2Fpublications-statistics%2Fdata-and-statistics%2Fpolicedatanz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.police.govt.nz/service/statistics/">"Official New Zealand Police Statistics"</a>. police.govt.nz. New Zealand Police. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=police.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Official+New+Zealand+Police+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fservice%2Fstatistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18352258">Greek far-right Golden Dawn MP wanted for assault</a>. BBC.co.uk. June 7, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/thenatureofviolentcrimeinenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2018%23how-is-violent-crime-defined-and-measured">"The nature of violent crime in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics"</a>. www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2019-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+nature+of+violent+crime+in+England+and+Wales+-+Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fcrimeandjustice%2Farticles%2Fthenatureofviolentcrimeinenglandandwales%2Fyearendingmarch2018%23how-is-violent-crime-defined-and-measured&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDedo2014" class="citation web cs1">Dedo, Simon (2014-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nautil.us/issue/12/feedback/when-theft-was-worse-than-murder">"When Theft Was Worse Than Murder"</a>. Nautilus. Retrieved 2014-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nautilus&rft.atitle=When+Theft+Was+Worse+Than+Murder&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft.aulast=Dedo&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnautil.us%2Fissue%2F12%2Ffeedback%2Fwhen-theft-was-worse-than-murder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHome_Office2011" class="citation web cs1">Home Office (2011-07-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/hosb1011">"British Crime Survey"</a>. Homeoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Crime+Survey&rft.pub=Homeoffice.gov.uk&rft.date=2011-07-14&rft.au=Home+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeoffice.gov.uk%2Fpublications%2Fscience-research-statistics%2Fresearch-statistics%2Fcrime-research%2Fhosb1011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122225612/http://www.ucrdatatool.gov/Search/Crime/State/StatebyState.cfm">"Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics"</a>. Ucrdatatool.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ucrdatatool.gov/Search/Crime/State/StatebyState.cfm">the original</a> on 2019-11-22. Retrieved 2016-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniform+Crime+Reporting+Statistics&rft.pub=Ucrdatatool.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucrdatatool.gov%2FSearch%2FCrime%2FState%2FStatebyState.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-UNODC_homicides_2021-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UNODC_homicides_2021_27-0">^</a> ● Homicide data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/homicide-rate-unodc?tab%3Dtable">"Homicide rate UNODC / Homicide rate, 2021"</a>. OurWorldInData.org. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20241104050317/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/homicide-rate-unodc?tab%3Dtable">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OurWorldInData.org&rft.atitle=Homicide+rate+UNODC+%2F+Homicide+rate%2C+2021&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fhomicide-rate-unodc%3Ftab%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"> ● 2021 Population data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/field/population/country-comparison">"The World Factbook (2021 Archive) Country Comparisons – Population"</a>. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704193118/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/field/population/country-comparison">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook+%282021+Archive%29+Country+Comparisons+%E2%80%93+Population&rft.pub=U.S.+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fabout%2Farchives%2F2021%2Ffield%2Fpopulation%2Fcountry-comparison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"> ● List of high-income countries from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/high-income-countries">"High-Income Countries 2024"</a>. World Population Review. 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620013723/https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/high-income-countries">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2024. <q>World Bank's income categories are updated annually, at the start of each financial year, and are based upon the most recently released data, which tends to be 1.5 years previous.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High-Income+Countries+2024&rft.pub=World+Population+Review&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountry-rankings%2Fhigh-income-countries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-USC18§16-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-USC18%C2%A716_28-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/16">§ 16</a></li> <li id="cite_note-BJSNCVS-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BJSNCVS_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty%3Ddcdetail%26iid%3D245">"Bureau of Justice Statistics: National Crime Victimization Survey"</a>. bjs.gov. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2012. Retrieved 2014-06-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bjs.gov&rft.atitle=Bureau+of+Justice+Statistics%3A+National+Crime+Victimization+Survey&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjs.gov%2Findex.cfm%3Fty%3Ddcdetail%26iid%3D245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FBIUCR-Violent-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FBIUCR-Violent_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/violent-crime/violent-crime">"FBI: Violent Crime"</a>. fbi.gov. U.S. Department of Justice. 2012. Retrieved 2014-06-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fbi.gov&rft.atitle=FBI%3A+Violent+Crime&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fcjis%2Fucr%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s%2F2012%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s.-2012%2Fviolent-crime%2Fviolent-crime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-BJSCStats2012-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BJSCStats2012_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrumanLangton2013" class="citation web cs1">Truman, Jennifer; Langton, Lynn (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv12.pdf">"Criminal Victimization, 2012"</a> (PDF). bjs.gov. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved 2014-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bjs.gov&rft.atitle=Criminal+Victimization%2C+2012&rft.date=2013-10&rft.aulast=Truman&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Langton%2C+Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjs.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpub%2Fpdf%2Fcv12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2019/crime-in-the-u.s.-2019/topic-pages/cius-summary">"CIUS Summary"</a>. FBI. Retrieved 2021-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FBI&rft.atitle=CIUS+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucr.fbi.gov%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s%2F2019%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s.-2019%2Ftopic-pages%2Fcius-summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty%3Dpbdetail%26iid%3D7046">"Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) - Criminal Victimization, 2019"</a>. www.bjs.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bjs.gov&rft.atitle=Bureau+of+Justice+Statistics+%28BJS%29+-+Criminal+Victimization%2C+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjs.gov%2Findex.cfm%3Fty%3Dpbdetail%26iid%3D7046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbeyZawackiBuckClinton2001" class="citation journal cs1">Abbey, Antonia; Zawacki, Tina; Buck, Philip O.; Clinton, A. Monique; McAuslan, Pam (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484576">"Alcohol and Sexual Assault"</a>. Alcohol Research & Health. 25 (1): 43–51. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1535-7414">1535-7414</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484576">4484576</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11496965">11496965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Sexual+Assault&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-51&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4484576%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1535-7414&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11496965&rft.aulast=Abbey&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft.au=Zawacki%2C+Tina&rft.au=Buck%2C+Philip+O.&rft.au=Clinton%2C+A.+Monique&rft.au=McAuslan%2C+Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4484576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Statista2013-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Statista2013_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.statista.com/statistics/191219/reported-violent-crime-rate-in-the-usa-since-1990/">"Reported violent crime rate in the United States from 1990 to 2012"</a>. statista.com. February 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statista.com&rft.atitle=Reported+violent+crime+rate+in+the+United+States+from+1990+to+2012&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F191219%2Freported-violent-crime-rate-in-the-usa-since-1990%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"> Using FBI data.</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVieraitis" class="citation journal cs1">Vieraitis, Lynne M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.proquest.com/docview/194775428">"Income inequality, poverty, and violent crime: A review of the empirical evidence"</a>. Social Pathology. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ProQuest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.proquest.com/docview/194775428">194775428</a> – via ProQuest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Pathology&rft.atitle=Income+inequality%2C+poverty%2C+and+violent+crime%3A+A+review+of+the+empirical+evidence&rft.aulast=Vieraitis&rft.aufirst=Lynne+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F194775428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-37">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_37-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violent_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_37-1">b</a> Blau, Judith R.; Blau, Peter M. (1982). "The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime". American Sociological Review. 47 (1): 114–129. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F2095046">10.2307/2095046</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> 0003-1224.</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li>Falk, Örjan, Märta Wallinius, Sebastian Lundström, et al. 2014. "The 1% of the population accountable for 63% of all violent crime convictions." <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_Psychiatry_and_Psychiatric_Epidemiology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology">Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</a> 49(4): 559–71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1007%252Fs00127-013-0783-y">10.1007/s00127-013-0783-y</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24173408">24173408</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3969807/">3969807</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhnow2014" class="citation news cs1">Luhnow, David (2014-04-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303603904579495863883782316">"Latin America Is World's Most Violent Region: Area accounts for nearly one in three global homicides, U.N. study shows"</a>. Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Latin+America+Is+World%27s+Most+Violent+Region%3A+Area+accounts+for+nearly+one+in+three+global+homicides%2C+U.N.+study+shows.&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft.aulast=Luhnow&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702303603904579495863883782316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/04/economist-explains-5">"The Economist explains: Why South Africa is (a bit) less violent than you might think"</a>. The Economist. Economist Newspaper. 2014-04-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+Economist+explains%3A+Why+South+Africa+is+%28a+bit%29+less+violent+than+you+might+think&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Feconomist-explains%2F2014%2F04%2Feconomist-explains-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2014/01/crime-latin-america">"Crime in Latin America: Brutality in numbers"</a>. The Economist. Economist Newspaper. 2014-01-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Crime+in+Latin+America%3A+Brutality+in+numbers&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Famericasview%2F2014%2F01%2Fcrime-latin-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/02/11/en-america-latina-sufre-mas-del-30-de-los-homicidios-mundiales">"Latin America accounts for more than 30% of the world's homicides"</a>. worldbank.org. World Bank Group. 2014-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Latin+America+accounts+for+more+than+30%25+of+the+world%27s+homicides&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2F2014%2F02%2F11%2Fen-america-latina-sufre-mas-del-30-de-los-homicidios-mundiales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid%3D15318">"South Africa 2014 Crime and Safety Report"</a>. osac.gov. U.S. Department of State. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osac.gov&rft.atitle=South+Africa+2014+Crime+and+Safety+Report&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osac.gov%2Fpages%2FContentReportDetails.aspx%3Fcid%3D15318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21589889-how-prevent-epidemic-alternatives-iron-fist">"Violent crime in Latin America: Alternatives to the iron fist"</a>. The Economist. Economist Newspaper. 2013-11-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Violent+crime+in+Latin+America%3A+Alternatives+to+the+iron+fist&rft.date=2013-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F21589889-how-prevent-epidemic-alternatives-iron-fist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolent+crime" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crime_rates" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Crime rates">Crime rates</a>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cipc-icpc.org/en/home/">Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.civitas.org.uk/research/crime/">Civitas: Crime</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icvs-crime.eu/">International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/index.html?ref%3Dmenutop">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2014/october/violent-crimes-against-children-international-task-force-celebrates-10-years/">Ten Years of Protecting Children</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FBI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DViolent_crime%26oldid%3D1259879267">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&oldid=1259879267</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Violent_crime&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 27 November 2024, at 15:52 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D8%25A9" title="الجرائم العنيفة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجرائم العنيفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorak%25C4%25B1_cinay%25C9%2599t" title="Zorakı cinayət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zorakı cinayət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewaltkriminalit%25C3%25A4t" title="Gewaltkriminalität – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gewaltkriminalität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B0%2595%25EB%25A0%25A5%25EB%25B2%2594%25EC%25A3%2584" title="강력범죄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강력범죄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2_%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%259D" title="פשע אלים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פשע אלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258C" title="Насильственная преступность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Насильственная преступность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veeolent_crime" title="Veeolent crime – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Veeolent crime" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Violent crime" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25A4kivaltarikos" title="Väkivaltarikos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Väkivaltarikos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 27 November 2024, at 15:52 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DViolent_crime%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-8mzxs","wgBackendResponseTime":193,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.115","walltime":"1.371","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3870,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":118507,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3934,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":164359,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1262.756 1 -total"," 29.05% 366.776 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.78% 363.373 1 Template:Types_of_crime"," 28.60% 361.136 1 Template:Navbox"," 24.87% 314.085 8 Template:Excerpt"," 23.67% 298.841 31 Template:Cite_web"," 9.21% 116.342 1 Template:Authority_control"," 6.83% 86.230 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.58% 83.126 1 Template:Sister_project"," 6.38% 80.553 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.825","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7222170,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5566db54f9-5kwp5","timestamp":"20241127155215","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Violent crime","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violent_crime","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1520311","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1520311","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-20T04:01:39Z","dateModified":"2024-11-27T15:52:07Z","headline":"crime in which an offender uses or threatens force upon a victim"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>