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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Current leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Current members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_districts,_2002–2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_districts,_2002–2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Former districts, 2002–2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_districts,_2002–2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable members</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable members subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lieutenant_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lieutenant_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lieutenant governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lieutenant_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Members of Congress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Other notable members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vermont Senate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen%C3%A1u_de_Vermont" title="Senáu de Vermont – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Senáu de Vermont" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Chham-g%C4%AB-%C4%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Vermont Chham-gī-īⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vermont Chham-gī-īⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senat_von_Vermont" title="Senat von Vermont – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Senat von Vermont" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Γερουσία του Βέρμοντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερουσία του Βέρμοντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senado_de_Vermont" title="Senado de Vermont – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Senado de Vermont" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_du_Vermont" title="Sénat du Vermont – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sénat du Vermont" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senato_del_Vermont" title="Senato del Vermont – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Senato del Vermont" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98" title="הסנאט של ורמונט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסנאט של ורמונט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senat_stanu_Vermont" title="Senat stanu Vermont – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Senat stanu Vermont" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermontin_senaatti" title="Vermontin senaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vermontin senaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1539609#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Upper house of the Vermont General Assembly</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Vermont State Senate</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont General Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Vermont_(B%26W).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seal_of_Vermont_%28B%26W%29.svg/170px-Seal_of_Vermont_%28B%26W%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seal_of_Vermont_%28B%26W%29.svg/255px-Seal_of_Vermont_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seal_of_Vermont_%28B%26W%29.svg/340px-Seal_of_Vermont_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="889" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Term limits</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">New session started</div></th><td class="infobox-data">January 4, 2023</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="List of lieutenant governors of Vermont">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/David_Zuckerman_(politician)" title="David Zuckerman (politician)">David Zuckerman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vermont_Progressive_Party" title="Vermont Progressive Party">P</a>) <br />since January 5, 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Vermont_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate">President pro tempore</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Baruth" title="Philip Baruth">Philip Baruth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <br />since January 4, 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Majority Leader</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Alison_H._Clarkson" title="Alison H. Clarkson">Alison Clarkson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <br />since January 6, 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Minority Leader</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Brock" title="Randy Brock">Randy Brock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>) <br />since January 6, 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">30</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vermont_Senate_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vermont_Senate_2022.svg/250px-Vermont_Senate_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vermont_Senate_2022.svg/375px-Vermont_Senate_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vermont_Senate_2022.svg/500px-Vermont_Senate_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Majority (23)</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Democratic</a> (22)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c64c4b; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Progressive_Party" title="Vermont Progressive Party">Progressive</a> (1)</li></ul> <p><b>Minority (7)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republican_Party" title="Vermont Republican Party">Republican</a> (7)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authority</th><td class="infobox-data">Section 7, Legislative Department, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vermont" title="Constitution of Vermont">Constitution of Vermont</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">$733.04 per week plus per diem during session</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_Vermont_Senate_election" title="2024 Vermont Senate election">November 5, 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2026_Vermont_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2026 Vermont Senate election (page does not exist)">November 3, 2026</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Redistricting</th><td class="infobox-data">Legislative control</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vermont_State_Senate_Chamber_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Vermont_State_Senate_Chamber_Panorama.jpg/220px-Vermont_State_Senate_Chamber_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Vermont_State_Senate_Chamber_Panorama.jpg/330px-Vermont_State_Senate_Chamber_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Vermont_State_Senate_Chamber_Panorama.jpg/440px-Vermont_State_Senate_Chamber_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">State Senate Chamber,<br /><a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier, Vermont</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislature.vermont.gov/senate/overview/2016">Vermont State Senate</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Vermont Senate</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont General Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">state legislature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">no limit to the number of terms</a> that a senator may serve. </p><p>As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">gubernatorial</a> appointments to executive departments, the state <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a>, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary. </p><p>The Vermont Senate meets at the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a> in the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districting_and_terms">Districting and terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Districting and terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 30 senators are elected from 16 single and multi-member senate districts. The districts largely correspond to the boundaries of the state's <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Vermont" title="List of counties in Vermont">14 counties</a> with adjustments to ensure equality of representation. Each district elects between 1 and 3 senators at-large depending on population. For the 2023–2033 districts, Seven districts elect one senator each, four districts elect two each, and five elect three.<sup id="cite_ref-sos-list_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos-list-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senators in multi-member districts are elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> throughout the district. Vermont is the only state to have any senate districts represented by more than two senators each, as well as the only state to employ <a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">bloc voting</a> for senate elections.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vermont is one of the 14 states where the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of its <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">state legislature</a> serves at a two-year cycle, rather than the more common four-year term in the majority of states. </p><p>Senate district lines are drawn with an eye toward adhering to the boundaries of the state's 14 counties, and the districts are named after the county or counties in which the bulk of the district is located. However, due to equal representation requirements of the federal and state constitutions, most districts do not have precisely the same boundaries as their respective counties, containing either one or more towns from neighboring counties or not containing one or more from their own county (or both). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Vermont">lieutenant governor of Vermont</a> serves as the president of the Senate, but casts a vote only if required to break a tie. In the absence of the lieutenant governor, the <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Vermont_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President pro tempore of the Vermont State Senate">president <i>pro tempore</i></a> presides over the Senate. The president <i>pro tempore</i> is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation from the entire body through a Senate resolution, and is the Senate's chief leadership position. The <a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority Leader">majority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority Leader">minority</a> leaders are elected by their respective party caucuses. </p><p>Committee assignments are determined by the Committee on Committees. This panel consists of the lieutenant governor, the president <i>pro tempore</i> and one member chosen by the full Senate. For several years the third member of the committee was <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mazza" title="Richard Mazza">Richard Mazza</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_of_the_Senate_(2023–2025_legislative_session)"><span id="Composition_of_the_Senate_.282023.E2.80.932025_legislative_session.29"></span>Composition of the Senate (2023–2025 legislative session)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition of the Senate (2023–2025 legislative session)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th rowspan="3">Affiliation </th> <th colspan="3">Party <div style="font-size:80%">(shading indicates majority caucus)</div> </th> <th rowspan="3">Total </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="height:5px"> <td style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td style="background-color:#c64c4b"> </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td style="background: black"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Progressive_Party" title="Vermont Progressive Party">Progressive</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th>Vacant </th></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">End 2012 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">21 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1 </td> <td>8 </td> <th>30 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">2013-2014 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">20 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">2 </td> <td>7 </td> <th>30 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">Begin 2015 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" rowspan="2">19 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" rowspan="2">3 </td> <td>9 </td> <th>30 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">End 2016 </th> <td>8 </td> <th>29 </th> <td>1<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">2017-2018 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">21 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">2 </td> <td>7 </td> <th>30 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">Begin 2019 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">22 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">2 </td> <td>6 </td> <th>30 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">Begin 2021 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">21 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">2 </td> <td>7 </td> <th>30 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">Begin 2023 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">22 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1 </td> <td>7 </td> <th>30 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Latest voting share </th> <th colspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><span data-sort-value="7001766666666666666♠" style="display:none"></span>77% </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001233333333333333♠" style="display:none"></span>23% </th> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_leadership">Current leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Residence</th> <th>District </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="List of lieutenant governors of Vermont">President</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Zuckerman_(politician)" title="David Zuckerman (politician)">David Zuckerman</a></td> <td style="background:#FBCEB1">Prog/Dem</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinesburg,_Vermont" title="Hinesburg, Vermont">Hinesburg</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Vermont_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President pro tempore of the Vermont State Senate">President <i>pro tempore</i></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_Baruth" title="Philip Baruth">Philip Baruth </a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem/Prog</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chittenden-Central_Vermont_Senate_District,_2022-2032&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chittenden-Central Vermont Senate District, 2022-2032 (page does not exist)">Chittenden-Central</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority Leader">Majority Leader</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alison_H._Clarkson" title="Alison H. Clarkson">Alison H. Clarkson</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Vermont" title="Woodstock, Vermont">Woodstock</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windsor_Vermont_Senate_District,_2022%E2%80%932032&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windsor Vermont Senate District, 2022–2032 (page does not exist)">Windsor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assistant Majority Leader (<a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">Whip</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Perchlik" title="Andrew Perchlik">Andrew Perchlik</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem/Prog</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Vermont_Senate_District,_2022-2032&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Vermont Senate District, 2022-2032 (page does not exist)">Washington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority Leader">Minority Leader</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Randy_Brock" title="Randy Brock">Randy Brock</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swanton_(town),_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanton (town), Vermont">Swanton</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_Vermont_Senate_District,_2022-2032&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franklin Vermont Senate District, 2022-2032 (page does not exist)">Franklin</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_members">Current members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District</th> <th>Representative</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Residence</th> <th>First elected </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Addison_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Vermont Senate District">Addison</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Bray" title="Christopher A. Bray">Christopher A. Bray</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Vermont" title="New Haven, Vermont">New Haven</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Hardy" title="Ruth Hardy">Ruth Hardy</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Middlebury,_Vermont" title="East Middlebury, Vermont">East Middlebury</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bennington_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bennington Vermont Senate District">Bennington</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Campion_(politician)" title="Brian Campion (politician)">Brian Campion</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bennington,_Vermont" title="Bennington, Vermont">Bennington</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Vacant</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Caledonia_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonia Vermont Senate District">Caledonia</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jane_Kitchel" title="Jane Kitchel">Jane Kitchel</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Vermont" title="Danville, Vermont">Danville</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chittenden-Central_Vermont_Senate_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chittenden-Central Vermont Senate District (page does not exist)">Chittenden-Central</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_Baruth" title="Philip Baruth">Philip Baruth</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem/Prog </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a> </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martine_Gulick" title="Martine Gulick">Martine Gulick</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Vyhovsky" title="Tanya Vyhovsky">Tanya Vyhovsky</a> </td> <td style="background:#FBCEB1">Prog/Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Essex,_Vermont" title="Essex, Vermont">Essex</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chittenden-North_Vermont_Senate_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chittenden-North Vermont Senate District (page does not exist)">Chittenden-North</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Irene_Wrenner" title="Irene Wrenner">Irene Wrenner</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Essex,_Vermont" title="Essex, Vermont">Essex</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chittenden-Southeast_Vermont_Senate_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chittenden-Southeast Vermont Senate District (page does not exist)">Chittenden-Southeast</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden_(Vermont_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Chittenden (Vermont politician)">Thomas Chittenden</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Burlington,_Vermont" title="South Burlington, Vermont">South Burlington</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia_V._Lyons" title="Virginia V. Lyons">Virginia V. Lyons</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williston,_Vermont" title="Williston, Vermont">Williston</a> </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kesha_Ram_Hinsdale" title="Kesha Ram Hinsdale">Kesha Ram Hinsdale</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Essex_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Essex Vermont Senate District">Essex</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russ_Ingalls" title="Russ Ingalls">Russ Ingalls</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newport_(city),_Vermont" title="Newport (city), Vermont">Newport</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Vermont Senate District">Franklin</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Randy_Brock" title="Randy Brock">Randy Brock</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swanton_(town),_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanton (town), Vermont">Swanton</a> </td> <td>2017↑<br />(2009–2013) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Norris_(Vermont_politician)" title="Robert Norris (Vermont politician)">Robert Norris</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_Vermont" title="Sheldon, Vermont">Sheldon</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Grand_Isle_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Isle Vermont Senate District">Grand Isle</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andy_Julow" title="Andy Julow">Andy Julow</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Hero,_Vermont" title="North Hero, Vermont">North Hero</a> </td> <td>2024↑ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lamoille_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamoille Vermont Senate District">Lamoille</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Westman" title="Richard A. Westman">Richard A. Westman</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_(town),_Vermont" title="Hyde Park (town), Vermont">Hyde Park</a> </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Orange_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Vermont Senate District">Orange</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_MacDonald_(Vermont_politician)" title="Mark MacDonald (Vermont politician)">Mark MacDonald</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Vermont" title="Williamstown, Vermont">Williamstown</a> </td> <td>2002<br />(1997–1999) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Orleans_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleans Vermont Senate District">Orleans</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Starr" title="Robert A. Starr">Robert A. Starr</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Troy,_Vermont" title="North Troy, Vermont">North Troy</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutland Vermont Senate District">Rutland</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Collamore" title="Brian Collamore">Brian Collamore</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutland_(town),_Vermont" title="Rutland (town), Vermont">Rutland Town</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dave_Weeks" title="Dave Weeks">David Weeks</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proctor,_Vermont" title="Proctor, Vermont">Proctor</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terry_Williams_(politician)" title="Terry Williams (politician)">Terry Williams</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poultney,_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Poultney, Vermont">Poultney</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Vermont Senate District">Washington</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ann_Cummings" title="Ann Cummings">Ann Cummings</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a> </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Perchlik" title="Andrew Perchlik">Andrew Perchlik</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem/Prog </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Watson" title="Anne Watson">Anne Watson</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem/Prog </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Windham_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Windham Vermont Senate District">Windham</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Harrison" title="Wendy Harrison">Wendy Harrison</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brattleboro,_Vermont" title="Brattleboro, Vermont">Brattleboro</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nader_Hashim" title="Nader Hashim">Nader Hashim</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dummerston,_Vermont" title="Dummerston, Vermont">Dummerston</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Vermont_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor Vermont Senate District">Windsor</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alison_H._Clarkson" title="Alison H. Clarkson">Alison H. Clarkson</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Vermont" title="Woodstock, Vermont">Woodstock</a> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_McCormack_(politician)" title="Richard McCormack (politician)">Richard McCormack</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Vermont" title="Bethel, Vermont">Bethel</a> </td> <td>2006<br />(1989–2003) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_White_(Vermont_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebecca White (Vermont politician)">Rebecca White</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Vermont" title="Hartford, Vermont">Hartford</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>↑: Member was originally appointed</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full Senate meets Tuesday and Friday mornings only for the first seven weeks of the annual session.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vermont Senate is aided by a small administrative staff, including the secretary of the Vermont Senate and several assistants.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2011, the Senate secretary has been John H. Bloomer, a former member of the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-Secretaries_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Secretaries-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous secretaries include <a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Ernest W. Gibson Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murdock_A._Campbell" title="Murdock A. Campbell">Murdock A. Campbell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_S._Billings_Jr." title="Franklin S. Billings Jr.">Franklin S. Billings Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Secretaries_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Secretaries-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Vermont" title="Political party strength in Vermont">Political party strength in Vermont</a></div> <p>Vermont had a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral legislature">unicameral legislature</a> until 1836; most of the functions normally performed by an upper legislative house were the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">governor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonial_government_in_the_Thirteen_Colonies#The_Council" title="Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies">council</a>. The state abolished the governor's council and added a senate by constitutional amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The longest-serving member of the Vermont Senate was <a href="/wiki/William_T._Doyle" title="William T. Doyle">William T. Doyle</a>; he was elected in 1968, reelected every two years until 2014, and defeated for reelection in 2016. Doyle served from January 1969 to January 2017; no other legislator in Vermont history—member of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House</a>, member of the Vermont Senate, or member of both the House and Senate—has served longer than Doyle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_districts,_2002–2022"><span id="Former_districts.2C_2002.E2.80.932022"></span>Former districts, 2002–2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Former districts, 2002–2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is from the Vermont Secretary of State.<sup id="cite_ref-sos-list2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos-list2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Senators </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Addison_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Addison</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bennington_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Bennington Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Bennington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caledonia_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonia Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Caledonia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chittenden_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittenden Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Chittenden</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Essex-Orleans_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Essex-Orleans Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Essex-Orleans</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Franklin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Isle_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Isle Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Grand Isle</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamoille_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamoille Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Lamoille</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Orange</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutland Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Rutland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Washington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windham_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Windham Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Windham</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Vermont_Senate_District,_2012%E2%80%932022" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor Vermont Senate District, 2012–2022">Windsor</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most individuals who have served as governor or lieutenant governor had experience in the Vermont legislature; many served in the State Senate. For more than 100 years from the 1850s to the 1960s, the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republican_Party" title="Vermont Republican Party">Vermont Republican Party</a> won every election for statewide office. In keeping with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Vermont#Mountain_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Vermont">"Mountain Rule"</a>, which was created to ensure party unity, governors and lieutenant governors were from opposite sides of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Mountains" title="Green Mountains">Green Mountains</a>, and were limited to two years in office. Candidates for governor and lieutenant governor were agreed upon by party leaders years in advance, and were often chosen for leadership positions in the House or Senate to groom them for statewide office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governors">Governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Governors who served in the Vermont Senate include: <a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">William A. Palmer</a> (post-governorship); <a href="/wiki/Horace_Eaton" title="Horace Eaton">Horace Eaton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Coolidge" title="Carlos Coolidge">Carlos Coolidge</a> (post-governorship); <a href="/wiki/John_S._Robinson_(governor)" title="John S. Robinson (governor)">John S. Robinson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ryland_Fletcher" title="Ryland Fletcher">Ryland Fletcher</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Holbrook" title="Frederick Holbrook">Frederick Holbrook</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dillingham" title="Paul Dillingham">Paul Dillingham</a>; <a href="/wiki/George_Whitman_Hendee" title="George Whitman Hendee">George Whitman Hendee</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Wolcott_Stewart" title="John Wolcott Stewart">John Wolcott Stewart</a>; <a href="/wiki/Julius_Converse" title="Julius Converse">Julius Converse</a>; <a href="/wiki/Horace_Fairbanks" title="Horace Fairbanks">Horace Fairbanks</a>; <a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Redfield Proctor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roswell_Farnham" title="Roswell Farnham">Roswell Farnham</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_L._Barstow" title="John L. Barstow">John L. Barstow</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_J._Ormsbee" title="Ebenezer J. Ormsbee">Ebenezer J. Ormsbee</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_P._Dillingham" title="William P. Dillingham">William P. Dillingham</a>; <a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Carroll S. Page</a>; <a href="/wiki/Levi_K._Fuller" title="Levi K. Fuller">Levi K. Fuller</a>; <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Grout" title="Josiah Grout">Josiah Grout</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_G._McCullough" title="John G. McCullough">John G. McCullough</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Bell_(politician)" title="Charles J. Bell (politician)">Charles J. Bell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_D._Proctor" title="Fletcher D. Proctor">Fletcher D. Proctor</a>; <a href="/wiki/George_H._Prouty" title="George H. Prouty">George H. Prouty</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_A._Mead" title="John A. Mead">John A. Mead</a>; <a href="/wiki/Allen_M._Fletcher" title="Allen M. Fletcher">Allen M. Fletcher</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Gates" title="Charles W. Gates">Charles W. Gates</a>; <a href="/wiki/Percival_W._Clement" title="Percival W. Clement">Percival W. Clement</a>; <a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor_Jr." title="Redfield Proctor Jr.">Redfield Proctor Jr.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_E._Weeks" title="John E. Weeks">John E. Weeks</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stanley_C._Wilson" title="Stanley C. Wilson">Stanley C. Wilson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Manley_Smith" title="Charles Manley Smith">Charles Manley Smith</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Wills_(politician)" title="William Henry Wills (politician)">William H. Wills</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_R._Proctor" title="Mortimer R. Proctor">Mortimer R. Proctor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lee_E._Emerson" title="Lee E. Emerson">Lee E. Emerson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Johnson" title="Joseph B. Johnson">Joseph B. Johnson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Hoff" title="Philip H. Hoff">Philip H. Hoff</a> (post-governorship); <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shumlin" title="Peter Shumlin">Peter Shumlin</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Phil Scott</a> (incumbent). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lieutenant_governors">Lieutenant governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lieutenant governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vermont's lieutenant governors who served in the state senate include: <a href="/wiki/Waitstill_R._Ranney" title="Waitstill R. Ranney">Waitstill R. Ranney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Sargeant" title="Leonard Sargeant">Leonard Sargeant</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_C._Kittredge" title="William C. Kittredge">William C. Kittredge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_P._Kidder" title="Jefferson P. Kidder">Jefferson P. Kidder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burnham_Martin" title="Burnham Martin">Burnham Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levi_Underwood" title="Levi Underwood">Levi Underwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_B._Gardner" title="Abraham B. Gardner">Abraham B. Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Stephen Thomas (Medal of Honor)">Stephen Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_N._Dale" title="George N. Dale">George N. Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_S._Taft" title="Russell S. Taft">Russell S. Taft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_G._Hinckley" title="Lyman G. Hinckley">Lyman G. Hinckley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eben_Pomeroy_Colton" title="Eben Pomeroy Colton">Eben Pomeroy Colton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Fletcher" title="Henry A. Fletcher">Henry A. Fletcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farrand_Stewart_Stranahan" title="Farrand Stewart Stranahan">Farrand Stewart Stranahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zophar_Mansur" title="Zophar Mansur">Zophar Mansur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_W._Fisk" title="Nelson W. Fisk">Nelson W. Fisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Bates" title="Henry C. Bates">Henry C. Bates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_F._Allen" title="Martin F. Allen">Martin F. Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zed_S._Stanton" title="Zed S. Stanton">Zed S. Stanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Stearns" title="Charles H. Stearns">Charles H. Stearns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leighton_P._Slack" title="Leighton P. Slack">Leighton P. Slack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hale_K._Darling" title="Hale K. Darling">Hale K. Darling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Hulburd" title="Roger W. Hulburd">Roger W. Hulburd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abram_W._Foote" title="Abram W. Foote">Abram W. Foote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_K._Farnsworth" title="Walter K. Farnsworth">Walter K. Farnsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consuelo_N._Bailey" title="Consuelo N. Bailey">Consuelo N. Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Babcock" title="Robert S. Babcock">Robert S. Babcock</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._Garry_Buckley" title="T. Garry Buckley">T. Garry Buckley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Snelling" title="Barbara Snelling">Barbara Snelling</a> (post-lieutenant governorship), <a href="/wiki/Doug_Racine" title="Doug Racine">Doug Racine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Zuckerman_(politician)" title="David Zuckerman (politician)">David Zuckerman</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_Congress">Members of Congress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Members of Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of Vermont's members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> also served in the Vermont Senate. </p><p>U.S. senators include <a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Phelps" title="Samuel S. Phelps">Samuel S. Phelps</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">George F. Edmunds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Ross_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Ross (senator)">Jonathan Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Porter H. Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Partridge" title="Frank C. Partridge">Frank C. Partridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Willard_Gibson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Willard Gibson">Ernest Willard Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jim Jeffords</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">Peter Welch</a> (incumbent). </p><p>U.S. House members who served in the Vermont Senate include <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_(congressman)" title="William Henry (congressman)">William Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahiman_Louis_Miner" title="Ahiman Louis Miner">Ahiman Louis Miner</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Tisdale_Hodges" class="mw-redirect" title="George Tisdale Hodges">George Tisdale Hodges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_E._Woodbridge" title="Frederick E. Woodbridge">Frederick E. Woodbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Henry_Powers" title="H. Henry Powers">H. Henry Powers</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Foster" title="David J. Foster">David J. Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hebard" title="William Hebard">William Hebard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tracy" title="Andrew Tracy">Andrew Tracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_W._Grout" title="William W. Grout">William W. Grout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kittredge_Haskins" title="Kittredge Haskins">Kittredge Haskins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Plumley" title="Frank Plumley">Frank Plumley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alvah_Sabin" title="Alvah Sabin">Alvah Sabin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homer_Elihu_Royce" title="Homer Elihu Royce">Homer Elihu Royce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worthington_Curtis_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Worthington Curtis Smith">Worthington Curtis Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Barlow" title="Bradley Barlow">Bradley Barlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Young_(representative)" title="Augustus Young (representative)">Augustus Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Mallary" title="Richard W. Mallary">Richard W. Mallary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Plympton_Smith" title="Peter Plympton Smith">Peter Plympton Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Becca_Balint" title="Becca Balint">Becca Balint</a> (incumbent). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notable_members">Other notable members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other notable members of the Vermont Senate include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Barrett_(Vermont_judge)" title="James Barrett (Vermont judge)">James Barrett</a> (1844–1845), <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court">Associate Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Beard" title="Edna Beard">Edna Beard</a> (1923–1925): Vermont's first female state House member (1921 to 1923) and first female state senator; also the first woman to hold a leadership position in the Vermont legislature as Chair of the Senate Committee on Libraries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carris" title="William Carris">William Carris</a> (2007–2012), businessman who served as president of Carris Reels (later Carris Financial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_E._Chittenden" title="Lucius E. Chittenden">Lucius E. Chittenden</a> (1856–1860): author and government official.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gilmore" title="William H. Gilmore">William H. Gilmore</a> (1882–1883): <a href="/wiki/State_adjutant_general" title="State adjutant general">Adjutant general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_National_Guard" title="Vermont National Guard">Vermont Militia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kellogg_(judge)" title="Daniel Kellogg (judge)">Daniel Kellogg</a> (1865–1866): <a href="/wiki/State_adjutant_general" title="State adjutant general">Adjutant general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_National_Guard" title="Vermont National Guard">Vermont Militia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Oakes" title="James L. Oakes">James L. Oakes</a> (1961–1965): judge of the U.S. District Court for Vermont and judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wells_(general)" title="William Wells (general)">William Wells</a> (1886–1887): recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Henry_Wheeler" title="Hoyt Henry Wheeler">Hoyt Henry Wheeler</a> (1868–1869): judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Vermont" title="United States District Court for the District of Vermont">United States District Court for the District of Vermont</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Vermont_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President pro tempore of the Vermont State Senate">President <i>pro tempore</i> of the Vermont Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Vermont_Senate,_2005-2006_session" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Vermont Senate, 2005-2006 session">Members of the Vermont Senate, 2005-2006 session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Vermont_Senate,_2007-2008_session" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Vermont Senate, 2007-2008 session">Members of the Vermont Senate, 2007-2008 session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vermont_General_Assemblies" title="List of Vermont General Assemblies">List of Vermont General Assemblies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sos-list-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sos-list_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/SmallMaps/2022/Final%20Senate%20Statewide.pdf">"Senate Redistricting for 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Caliper. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senate+Redistricting+for+2022&rft.pub=Caliper&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislature.vermont.gov%2FDocuments%2FSmallMaps%2F2022%2FFinal%2520Senate%2520Statewide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVermont+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_legislative_chambers_that_use_multi-member_districts">"State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts"</a>. <i>Ballotpedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ballotpedia&rft.atitle=State+legislative+chambers+that+use+multi-member+districts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.org%2FState_legislative_chambers_that_use_multi-member_districts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVermont+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Republican <a href="/wiki/Norman_H._McAllister" title="Norman H. McAllister">Norman H. McAllister</a> (Alburgh-Franklin) was suspended from senatorial duties in 2015 through the end of his Senate term. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.wcax.com/story/30899314/vt-senate-votes-to-suspend-mcallister">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Sears_(politician)" title="Dick Sears (politician)">Dick Sears</a> died on June 1, 2024.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.mychamplainvalley.com/news/local-news/colleagues-remember-sen-dick-sears-as-a-friend-champion-of-the-people/">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemsen,_NancyHallenbeck,_Teri2009" class="citation book cs1">Remsen, Nancy & Hallenbeck, Teri (January 8, 2009). <i>Following the Legislature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Free_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlington Free Press">Burlington Free Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Following+the+Legislature&rft.pub=Burlington+Free+Press&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft.au=Remsen%2C+Nancy&rft.au=Hallenbeck%2C+Teri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVermont+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/senate/secretary-of-the-senate/">"Secretary of the Senate"</a>. <i>Legislature.Vermont.gov</i>. Montpelier, VT: Vermont General Assembly. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislature.Vermont.gov&rft.atitle=Secretary+of+the+Senate&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislature.vermont.gov%2Fsenate%2Fsecretary-of-the-senate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVermont+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Secretaries-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Secretaries_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Secretaries_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/assets/All-House-Documents/Secretaries-of-the-Senate.pdf">"State of Vermont Secretaries of the Senate, 1836–2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Legislature.Vermont.gov</i>. Montpelier, VT: Vermont General Assembly. 2011. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislature.Vermont.gov&rft.atitle=State+of+Vermont+Secretaries+of+the+Senate%2C+1836%E2%80%932011&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislature.vermont.gov%2Fassets%2FAll-House-Documents%2FSecretaries-of-the-Senate.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVermont+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leg.state.vt.us/reports/02redistricting/LAB_Senate.pdf">"REPORT OF THE LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT BOARD: The 2001 Tentative Plan for the Vermont Senate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bluehouse Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=REPORT+OF+THE+LEGISLATIVE+APPORTIONMENT+BOARD%3A+The+2001+Tentative+Plan+for+the+Vermont+Senate&rft.pub=Bluehouse+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leg.state.vt.us%2Freports%2F02redistricting%2FLAB_Senate.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVermont+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sos-list2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sos-list2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/70259/2012-Senate-Districts-42312.pdf">"Senate Redistricting for 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vermont Secretary of State. May 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senate+Redistricting+for+2012&rft.pub=Vermont+Secretary+of+State&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.vt.us%2Fmedia%2F70259%2F2012-Senate-Districts-42312.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVermont+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leg.state.vt.us/">Vermont General Assembly</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://votesmart.org/officials/VT/L/-state-legislative?chamber=U#.Vpa8zk-HpUE">Project 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Vermont_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vermont_State_Senators" title="Template:Vermont State Senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vermont_State_Senators" title="Template talk:Vermont State Senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vermont_State_Senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vermont State Senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Vermont_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vermont Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Vermont">President of the Senate</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Zuckerman_(politician)" title="David Zuckerman (politician)">David Zuckerman</a> (P/D)</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Vermont_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate">President <i>pro tempore</i></a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Baruth" title="Philip Baruth">Philip Baruth</a> (D/P)</dd> <dt>Majority Leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alison_H._Clarkson" title="Alison H. Clarkson">Alison Clarkson</a> (D)</dd> <dt>Minority Leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randy_Brock" title="Randy Brock">Randy Brock</a> (R)</dd> <dt>Progressive Leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Vyhovsky" title="Tanya Vyhovsky">Tanya Vyhovsky</a> (P/D)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Bray" title="Christopher A. Bray">Christopher Bray</a> (D, Addison)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Hardy" title="Ruth Hardy">Ruth Hardy</a> (D, Addison)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Campion_(politician)" title="Brian Campion (politician)">Brian Campion</a> (D, Bennington)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">▌</span><i>Vacant</i> (Bennington)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jane_Kitchel" title="Jane Kitchel">Jane Kitchel</a> (D, Caledonia)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Philip_Baruth" title="Philip Baruth">Philip Baruth</a> (D/P, <abbr title="Chittenden">Chit.</abbr> Central)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martine_Gulick" title="Martine Gulick">Martine Gulick</a> (D, <abbr title="Chittenden">Chit.</abbr> Central)</li> <li><span style="color:#c64c4b;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Vyhovsky" title="Tanya Vyhovsky">Tanya Vyhovsky</a> (P/D, <abbr title="Chittenden">Chit.</abbr> Central)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Irene_Wrenner" title="Irene Wrenner">Irene Wrenner</a> (D, <abbr title="Chittenden">Chit.</abbr> North)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden_(Vermont_state_senator)" title="Thomas Chittenden (Vermont state senator)">Thomas Chittenden</a> (D, <abbr title="Chittenden">Chit.</abbr> SE)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Virginia_V._Lyons" title="Virginia V. Lyons">Ginny Lyons</a> (D, <abbr title="Chittenden">Chit.</abbr> SE)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kesha_Ram_Hinsdale" title="Kesha Ram Hinsdale">Kesha Ram Hinsdale</a> (D, <abbr title="Chittenden">Chit.</abbr> SE)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Russ_Ingalls" title="Russ Ingalls">Russ Ingalls</a> (R, Essex)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Brock" title="Randy Brock">Randy Brock</a> (R, Franklin)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Norris_(Vermont_politician)" title="Robert Norris (Vermont politician)">Robert Norris</a> (R, Franklin)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Andy_Julow" title="Andy Julow">Andy Julow</a> (D, Grand Isle)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Westman" title="Richard A. Westman">Richard Westman</a> (R, Lamoille)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mark_MacDonald_(Vermont_politician)" title="Mark MacDonald (Vermont politician)">Mark MacDonald</a> (D, Orange)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Starr" title="Robert A. Starr">Robert Starr</a> (D, Orleans)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Collamore" title="Brian Collamore">Brian Collamore</a> (R, Rutland)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dave_Weeks" title="Dave Weeks">Dave Weeks</a> (R, Rutland)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Terry_Williams_(politician)" title="Terry Williams (politician)">Terry Williams</a> (R, Rutland)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ann_Cummings" title="Ann Cummings">Ann Cummings</a> (D, <abbr title="Washington">Wash.</abbr>)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Perchlik" title="Andrew Perchlik">Andrew Perchlik</a> (D/P, <abbr title="Washington">Wash.</abbr>)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Anne_Watson" title="Anne Watson">Anne Watson</a> (D/P, <abbr title="Washington">Wash.</abbr>)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Harrison" title="Wendy Harrison">Wendy Harrison</a> (D, Windham)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nader_Hashim" title="Nader Hashim">Nader Hashim</a> (D, Windham)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alison_H._Clarkson" title="Alison H. Clarkson">Alison Clarkson</a> (D, Windsor)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_McCormack_(politician)" title="Richard McCormack (politician)">Richard McCormack</a> (D, Windsor)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_White_(American_politician)" title="Rebecca White (American politician)">Rebecca White</a> (D, Windsor)</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Majority coalition (23)</dt> <dd><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Democratic</a> (22)</dd> <dd><span style="color:#c64c4b;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Progressive_Party" title="Vermont Progressive Party">Progressive</a> (1)</dd> <dt>Minority coalition (7)</dt> <dd><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republican_Party" title="Vermont Republican Party">Republican</a> (7)</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vermont_General_Assemblies" title="List of Vermont General Assemblies">List of past Assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legislatures_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">State legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Legislature" title="Alabama Legislature">Alabama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alabama_House_of_Representatives" title="Alabama House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Senate" title="Alabama Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Legislature" title="Alaska State Legislature">Alaska</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature">Arizona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arizona_House_of_Representatives" title="Arizona House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Senate" title="Arizona Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_General_Assembly" title="Arkansas General Assembly">Arkansas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arkansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Arkansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Senate" title="Arkansas Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_General_Assembly" title="Colorado General Assembly">Colorado</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colorado_House_of_Representatives" title="Colorado House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Senate" title="Colorado Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_General_Assembly" title="Connecticut General Assembly">Connecticut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Connecticut_House_of_Representatives" title="Connecticut House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_State_Senate" title="Connecticut State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">Delaware</a> (<a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Legislature" title="Florida Legislature">Florida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Senate" title="Florida Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Georgia General Assembly">Georgia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Legislature" title="Hawaii State Legislature">Hawaii</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hawaii_House_of_Representatives" title="Hawaii House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Senate" title="Hawaii Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Legislature" title="Idaho Legislature">Idaho</a> (<a href="/wiki/Idaho_House_of_Representatives" title="Idaho House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Senate" title="Idaho Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Indiana General Assembly">Indiana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Indiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Senate" title="Indiana Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_General_Assembly" title="Iowa General Assembly">Iowa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives" title="Iowa House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Senate" title="Iowa Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Legislature" title="Kansas Legislature">Kansas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Kansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Senate" title="Kansas Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">Kentucky</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Senate" title="Kentucky Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Louisiana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maine_Legislature" title="Maine Legislature">Maine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine_House_of_Representatives" title="Maine House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine_Senate" title="Maine Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Senate" title="Maryland Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Senate" title="Michigan Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature" title="Minnesota Legislature">Minnesota</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minnesota_House_of_Representatives" title="Minnesota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Senate" title="Minnesota Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Legislature" title="Mississippi Legislature">Mississippi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Senate" title="Mississippi State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">Missouri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Senate" title="Missouri Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Legislature" title="Montana Legislature">Montana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Montana_House_of_Representatives" title="Montana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana_Senate" title="Montana Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Legislature" title="Nebraska Legislature">Nebraska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Legislature" title="Nevada Legislature">Nevada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nevada_Assembly" title="Nevada Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Senate" title="Nevada Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">New Hampshire</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Senate" title="New Hampshire Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">GA</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Senate" title="New Jersey Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Legislature" title="New Mexico Legislature">New Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_House_of_Representatives" title="New Mexico House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Senate" title="New Mexico Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="North Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Senate" title="North Carolina Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Legislative_Assembly" title="North Dakota Legislative Assembly">North Dakota</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="North Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Senate" title="North Dakota Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Senate" title="Ohio Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Legislature" title="Oklahoma Legislature">Oklahoma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_House_of_Representatives" title="Oklahoma House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Senate" title="Oklahoma Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Legislative_Assembly" title="Oregon Legislative Assembly">Oregon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oregon_House_of_Representatives" title="Oregon House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Senate" title="Oregon State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly" title="Rhode Island General Assembly">Rhode Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Senate" title="Rhode Island Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="South Carolina General Assembly">South Carolina</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="South Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Senate" title="South Carolina Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Legislature" title="South Dakota Legislature">South Dakota</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="South Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Senate" title="South Dakota Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">Tennessee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_House_of_Representatives" title="Tennessee House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Senate" title="Tennessee Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Legislature" title="Texas Legislature">Texas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Senate" title="Texas Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Utah_State_Legislature" title="Utah State Legislature">Utah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Utah_House_of_Representatives" title="Utah House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_State_Senate" title="Utah State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">H</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Legislature" title="Washington State Legislature">Washington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington_House_of_Representatives" title="Washington House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Senate" title="Washington State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Legislature" title="West Virginia Legislature">West Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="West Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Senate" title="West Virginia Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Legislature" title="Wisconsin Legislature">Wisconsin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Senate" title="Wisconsin Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Legislature" title="Wyoming Legislature">Wyoming</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming_House_of_Representatives" title="Wyoming House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Senate" title="Wyoming Senate">S</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures#Territorial_and_Federal_District_Legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">Other legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_House_of_Representatives" title="American Samoa House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Guam" title="Legislature of Guam">Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_House_of_Representatives" title="Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Puerto_Rico" title="House of Representatives of Puerto Rico">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Legislature of the Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:State_legislature_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:State legislature elections in the United States">Legislative elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2000 United States state legislative elections">2000</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2001 United States state legislative elections">2001</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2002 United States state legislative elections">2002</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2003 United States state legislative elections">2003</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2004 United States state legislative elections">2004</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2005 United States state legislative elections">2005</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2006 United States state legislative elections">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2007 United States state legislative elections">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2008 United States state legislative elections">2008</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2009 United States state legislative elections">2009</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2010 United States state legislative elections">2010</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2011 United States state legislative elections">2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2012 United States state legislative elections">2012</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2013 United States state legislative elections">2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2014 United States state legislative elections">2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2015 United States state legislative elections">2015</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2016 United States state legislative elections">2016</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2017 United States state legislative elections">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2018 United States state legislative elections">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2019 United States state legislative elections">2019</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2020 United States state legislative elections">2020</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2021 United States state legislative elections">2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2022 United States state legislative elections">2022</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2023 United States state legislative elections">2023</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2024 United States state legislative elections">2024</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of U.S. state legislators</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_legislative_sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of United States state legislative sessions">Lists of past U.S. state legislatures</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539609#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539609#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539609#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143039886">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131364-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50075721">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007601888705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vermont_Senate&params=44_15_44_N_72_34_51_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°15′44″N</span> <span 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