CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91794544e9eefdfa',cH: 'mijlAUfE0FuAJfdcR7fNfgy6YnCDR2ID.vHWqJ7jQFU-1740503025-1.2.1.1-1_TsWWyzC0gDssA2uQ2P3c9YYgmd7PA_zkrxXgBAhMUgZTilVQpbPqqhTvEBo6r0',cUPMDTk: "\/16809\/bibtex?__cf_chl_tk=GRrTEnzygjMT_8HIgLmM7khSzu4I24szxOjUOZ7Ovf0-1740503025-1.0.1.1-QN.AhLVjmGCtYGgX7pGdl.icTWzFOozcfdAqnc5HxIs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740503025',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/16809\/bibtex?__cf_chl_f_tk=GRrTEnzygjMT_8HIgLmM7khSzu4I24szxOjUOZ7Ovf0-1740503025-1.0.1.1-QN.AhLVjmGCtYGgX7pGdl.icTWzFOozcfdAqnc5HxIs",md: "0Yx5w5LSDhQ4YujKGZZlJHfvH1cTg_l_7zym1VNtba8-1740503025-1.2.1.1-EMxrhmlFee0b0bGbicdQc_mnBgljd0I3K3XQpl20437dm.HBgGFbP5T2N.suBRSvnd8_EpEe8DtHgcKRKFIRsJ2zLQlq3d7dz6rzkfyOIQB.5QtDdWUiI_Wg1ZaSINxWOtjyvB5aOoagrCDUDEdY79XpRKlx8ElV9IQ9yOGxMJY1iamlXTjIDjRpP33ax_blUhQ0unW3_zp.cW6BcstuO7bjVKGTRMfEabl5iw_cUS_bTDSLi2t_rkR3KntxFuLQgiBnic3lgQiP3tJTtLGd8SF0vqQeRY6KuzSYzF0dxDg7lUvj8HvLtrbOg0CZe7hCKORXxlSCZIos5p9AsyZSmu5hfRpfEmhR6lltvsThW9yQwPlOkrExs.J5oM60.FIPuTXuR_g3ksrVWQ5cKnwA1x9NSnSOinZ7TSpe8F.Umq1Mh5AmO6iRAYloM3BN7PR9_JL97l4iPgkjyK0sk1ZtYSk5cYxPHarJtJZ9Z1_TAaSys.zwg9Vz2Lob5T4Sa2_7A42XLTiQtXra7_inPEb.JA7O4NPV2r4d0zHPLrZpAgBFHee8cU73Tpj544Jbmbpo1wOaZMsu.nwyD716qPUtIQbyxzgNS0D1L6vBJagfHaOXD4BjfBCeJCu26B6bwBQlQU3QMZnqRq34Vq0q.ok.5ofvspfY51iSZyhm3vejyuY7ZpYy8J.1XApJ6w81h.cSLqFQonFaz4jlNLAfkIsGxsFD1BQDNyWhQou9IEMWYh1752k0aTMECe675TWnDTGMxNYFLabFdJtgNc6xYIjDNqoFD1zQ45FkxyC.ZFm6toptpe.miIMYy8.o7dOK_XQAf3POWh3Wt_e2NmO.ZQUDEBwwy21zyANFPntnRphJiSbSdswq0VlP2Jrp5amg3H4_0VUrp0Gz_sdD4jSIF5TJMeR41vYFYstKUWONZGHrfLffxLFe1e0C3eHAT84rXdqyngghRBP.yo6LvGis_JlWM1ItDXM6jwC0pxKAuEVKtivS3WDOthab5P79N6U8b1XRO1kkBESwGhtnYPr51f.yqR.GlCMiIPp8_HKbPa7cm0ZAMLpTlH4.2GuliyGP8_cmQz8QRka5vvaJDCYpoNvbRmiiO1sVGNqTooI.p5FjNBJfTT9hY3x6Mo5BxxqjTtk1n4x3D.16KAFwKjBIUV7AVfUpiC05Kt0NXdAb4psMY0ildz2GD1fyxviotVP.z4O4CdfVLbJzRwCKddNN06X9OoY5a8zlVv5co7sjbjNApmy7Mf10hiTYhaIgMJdi0BG5G.CYe3MkTl8HyU8azFgA.8_QNIS86jDZLxHqXp.R4yoYGgmrwO6bBPpXUel9ZsEcGnq4hkSaC8IYghNMWMTDOqvtWliyHoX3ttYjhOuzdNqoc9Sd5dgpp7fP0cVWc_9yiP29n.a7BDhfXDJpDDc4HLa3kUyRI1I2BU87knS.yGRvDIO.eSS613EGv9XPKogGqIyQ57mxab5e6a.ZODEKvtnabaSt3jrk7yae7Gp1wnMJJS0VXW32t63totdSKy4C4iu7RlBPc0uRXcMWJgPFc4anGK_x0GFMla0hnvpphUeRxU0FtDF9i2ggfPtt6XgrnYF1hScZf8F2zdH3B4AC0mMPCDvaeJWLuHchYLPr.3gUNpsEFUC9OXNe3HMMPXr4LjUYIHmufYRO5q45AUPbQx4AkPZtpYWnxTao9UYNGaqWgYyXuqxYsri25oZzIW_yBEI5GTnLit1.fh0pKch5tySHP7eR8.uITc.3LcOmvx3t_7UHInepvqDkIT8K8xXbLi2KJeXnS8SPxsuAkCuFx1YeS8sc7cop67qcMfU8YzPGC_1j0OOuDLCAhaflmQwocZ7CAFnE.RwbcAPBCpdwdAAJGl.0lwYFxbiOBD1j8uI",mdrd: "EuYOqYXZ54gUx5g1BRo3FefXC01y2vMZgnZhk.0PatU-1740503025-1.2.1.1-j5B0VYWsoZWXpqYod.bsKgIen93SO0Qzsh0QxsrVui2RlVTbTYQp5wnwkcdLhjIWelTbUTDizeT_D2..X3o.iTVB_4bAhFRbkxGF5wwhVDktaOu.xomzzpP3tertK.YJzZ_FEnaz9Pbv.Rdxxa9EXdIiUHJvecEpxLLjlJN9C62pFUNZEY93rn134ZbGpg1MTi_barKGODX23NA3TVFLvXKXLBuPnCqqTryV62BZqYalzsrEWs63ukY8a9hAKxvfQL.BhoFFvNnCv4s.8JmeN_RgAp9FwbKxAAI6V.6Kkci9b6pK0Jbb7qZSYcRX2CsNeVGXsXpBZ.6qTk7Wv0J.7WG7ggaWfvXQUqPD7O340JbWB7fciE6j1Aldy7nuZllewPCAg56qLuYYf78KqTJHwGhvD2hs9gsCGVzPDKlq5.VLGKEFWVuOx9ooEODXjjVxc4VVYPec3pJa61YN1EuQznwz78GdgSw4NDWD6XbUmhFsaPGodA9_x0J2a90xT9rz7ZfrOtkdouvB9DMf4csj.hD3wtfC4u1gTPKseF48owxZjGZblmAmWPO7gyruJIYbY__ZKTUOZfINYovBJd5a5eSQUHKUr2l8OdgEH8GuMyRvNU7GtEcQu3lwsrEqy6LA1by69N1q1Aj1PyK.PzY6gIPa20wDXBEYSzurm1zyZcDgyu8QTkrGH66pPKetoLFuQq8kLrZ7MQnZrF61ns5gjs9p9F74AFl1FKbWSJcyuBZFnrGsyzXPk3UEhAo3YkhRQArYboVHe6SAnfCeV_peMqfR1QKtuHlHnZ9gqQosGtNlIhZExG6gfDp3On81O3dmD7QJ3QZ0cjzaIPUKwA1zOmPdWpaHZxjPB9npdTWKmG5hQCCnulO.Ul5SdNGfrMtLHoHTZRizZJkgjaItljA48wFLWHXMI81keSEcwEnhD.YAQseGsoS_LOdipvAV4LjMZ7rIaBKDLIA0KeN6T0vZLFagYpOALt6hQaffb60JmfFrM946sm.tTQrk8maP1.mY5AzjiTaHJ323DSHHjOaoWO.Y3PyEfVS9rAZ4vBtVAlsxdIlOCu6kSOouZJVKzRxquW2bg09u_h5ZIhpVkTbnPaG9lFWbtx6nAtGvTwcNKni0_7vuyOxCG3S33.FBYuqkeMnzzDgksC8alGRi5Irzn50xEWoDFQzpn2SU79VoaT6SeyruvvhCsHIqOhlAC8S6aDGrZ3D_Yq0rW77Ty5DYQ8NRp_w1VZUzt2oEJCj6GC2abEN0HVvLSBw3cmTa9dXv3NMQGCWPH3Zwi0PHgaDgo5c5TMtIUG08P2COvDvw4Dl4TicxWqfMfdkBGc7RFWgcgVGKIjqCa9sbtrZSRUP_112lVL_o7NyLS0plA9tuyv1_uS9tAApErc9tLNHwfFSj9uqUbBPv2NVd8dbLDvf9rUM5PTp.hId2LANAEsd6oSmkXpv_Y2Sqs8dypC_z4c1zMim3yYbwGbGIB_.gINIO1Xwbm2H61KGQmjZ.VaBSDl8usRGqnOYdy_mAWI845Bf3zFe7XOwIUBtCWcT9Ibb7AT5SPb4fpodjcxtqOfukv5pFUvcp61Cbi0Ktk.V09Ig10JIWg7ZFJnrg15cMNqJp5Z2QH.mBpjYsE9xhWxks9JnC6bMCoFqqPSNSQMbpCo7XHRSaI4hXWMM3Fq4yhEx55EG9pTh3b5OdI9otsSoBy87ua.9imQoNG_PRMFsux8BxVw4MHbdriayGbEPY_ZBmbrUWuX093n2BYl0jD9wLCB.TQ4f9mzZtqEkdxNXkgGAA_uXjDkhEZh9kZg7Zvc9J7poFv1RyuDDC_ztXHuKtDvFLajm3G3dYEbFDJCf_ectRXuUKGgfiHJryVr5JkDvexUyKH4LwG6H2YBisQg3Vmr6xF5.fPWb6BOjGGVxKzGrz0ZyoRJEVtY5y1GVDhWY2xon9OmLHuOXlsejdng8pAJ8"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91794544e9eefdfa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/16809\/bibtex?__cf_chl_rt_tk=GRrTEnzygjMT_8HIgLmM7khSzu4I24szxOjUOZ7Ovf0-1740503025-1.0.1.1-QN.AhLVjmGCtYGgX7pGdl.icTWzFOozcfdAqnc5HxIs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>