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> <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kontzeptu_teorikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontzeptu_teorikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kontzeptu teorikoa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kontzeptu_teorikoa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kontzeptu teorikoa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kontzeptu_teorikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiaurreko_armak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiaurreko_armak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historiaurreko armak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiaurreko_armak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antzinaroko_armak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzinaroko_armak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Antzinaroko armak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antzinaroko_armak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erdi_Arko_armak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erdi_Arko_armak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Erdi Arko armak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erdi_Arko_armak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aro_modernoko_armak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aro_modernoko_armak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Aro modernoko armak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aro_modernoko_armak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XX._mendeko_armak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XX._mendeko_armak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>XX. mendeko armak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XX._mendeko_armak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bigarren_Mundu_Gerraren_ondorengo_armak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bigarren_Mundu_Gerraren_ondorengo_armak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondorengo armak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bigarren_Mundu_Gerraren_ondorengo_armak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gerra_Hotzaren_amaiera_eta_gaur_egun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gerra_Hotzaren_amaiera_eta_gaur_egun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Gerra Hotzaren amaiera eta gaur egun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gerra_Hotzaren_amaiera_eta_gaur_egun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armen_sailkapenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armen_sailkapenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Armen sailkapenak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Armen_sailkapenak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Armen sailkapenak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Armen_sailkapenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erabiltzailearen_araberako_sailkapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erabiltzailearen_araberako_sailkapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Erabiltzailearen araberako sailkapena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erabiltzailearen_araberako_sailkapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funtzionamenduaren_araberako_sailkapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funtzionamenduaren_araberako_sailkapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Funtzionamenduaren araberako sailkapena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funtzionamenduaren_araberako_sailkapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazioen_gastuak_armetan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazioen_gastuak_armetan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nazioen gastuak armetan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazioen_gastuak_armetan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentzia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentzia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentzia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentzia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 141 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">141 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gevegswapen" title="Gevegswapen – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gevegswapen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffe" title="Waffe – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Waffe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C7%A3pen" title="Wǣpen – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wǣpen" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शस्त्र – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शस्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="سلاح – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلاح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%99%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܙܝܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܙܝܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="سلاح – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سلاح" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="سلاح – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلاح" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silah" title="Silah – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Silah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="سیلاح – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیلاح" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ҡорал – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡорал" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%97nklos" title="Gėnklos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gėnklos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enggomon" title="Enggomon – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Enggomon" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Зброя – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зброя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Зброя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зброя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gegaman" title="Gegaman – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gegaman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Оръжие – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оръжие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="অস্ত্র – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BC%8D" title="མཚོན་ཆ། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མཚོན་ཆ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm" title="Arm – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru%C5%BEje" title="Oružje – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oružje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Зэбсэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зэбсэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AA-k%C3%A9" title="Ū-ké – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ū-ké" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7" title="Герз – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Герз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%DA%A9" title="چەک – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%A2" title="Silâ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Silâ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbra%C5%88" title="Zbraň – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zbraň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%BF%C4%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Хĕçпăшал – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕçпăшал" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arf" title="Arf – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5ben" title="Våben – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Våben" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffe" title="Waffe – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Waffe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Όπλο – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όπλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Weapon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armilo" title="Armilo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relv" title="Relv – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Relv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جنگ‌افزار – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ‌افزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ase" title="Ase – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ase" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5ariist" title="Sõariist – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sõariist" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyaragi" title="Iyaragi – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Iyaragi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arme" title="Arme – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapen" title="Wapen – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wapen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="武器 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="武器" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm" title="Arm – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Arm" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-airm" title="Ball-airm – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ball-airm" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mboka" title="Mboka – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mboka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B" title="હથિયારો – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હથિયારો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makami" title="Makami – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Makami" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%A7" title="כלי נשק – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלי נשק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A7" title="आयुध – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयुध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathyaar" title="Hathyaar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hathyaar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru%C5%BEje" title="Oružje – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oružje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zam" title="Zam – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zam" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fegyver" title="Fegyver – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fegyver" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Զենք – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զենք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjata" title="Senjata – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senjata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armas" title="Armas – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Armas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armo" title="Armo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Armo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vopn" title="Vopn – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vopn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="武器 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="武器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wepan" title="Wepan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wepan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjata" title="Sanjata – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sanjata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%98" title="იარაღი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იარაღი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%94z%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Hɔzʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɔzʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Жарақ – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жарақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A7" title="ಆಯುಧ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಯುಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0" title="무기 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ek_%C3%BB_%C3%A7ol" title="Çek û çol – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çek û çol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arv" title="Arv – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arv" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waff" title="Waff – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Waff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – lombardiera" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebuneli" title="Ebuneli – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ebuneli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginklas" title="Ginklas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ginklas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierocis" title="Ierocis – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ierocis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjata" title="Senjata – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Senjata" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitaovam-piadiana" title="Fitaovam-piadiana – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitaovam-piadiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjato" title="Sanjato – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sanjato" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Оружје – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оружје" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="ആയുധം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആയുധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Зэвсэг – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зэвсэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शस्त्र – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शस्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjata" title="Senjata – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senjata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="လက်နက် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်နက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapen_(Reedschop)" title="Wapen (Reedschop) – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wapen (Reedschop)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%83" title="ल्वाभः – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्वाभः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gevechtswapen" title="Gevechtswapen – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gevechtswapen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5pen" title="Våpen – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Våpen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5pen" title="Våpen – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Våpen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_(gu%C3%A8rra)" title="Arma (guèrra) – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arma (guèrra)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0" title="ਹਥਿਆਰ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਥਿਆਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro%C5%84" title="Broń – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Broń" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ہتھیار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہتھیار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%87" title="وسله – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وسله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%C3%B1i" title="Ayñi – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ayñi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C4%83" title="Armă – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A2" title="Armâ – aromaniera" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Armâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Оружие – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оружие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wappen" title="Wappen – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wappen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru%C5%BEje" title="Oružje – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oružje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Weapon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbra%C5%88" title="Zbraň – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zbraň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro%C5%BEje" title="Orožje – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orožje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvombo" title="Zvombo – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zvombo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hub" title="Hub – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armatimi" title="Armatimi – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Armatimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Оружје – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оружје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woape" title="Woape – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Woape" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakarang" title="Pakarang – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pakarang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapen" title="Vapen – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vapen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silaha" title="Silaha – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Silaha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%85%EA%A0%8D%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%94%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%85" title="ꠅꠍ꠆ꠔꠞꠅ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠅꠍ꠆ꠔꠞꠅ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆயுதம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆயுதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82" title="ఆయుధం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆయుధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ҷангафзор – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷангафзор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%98" title="อาวุธ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาวุธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandata" title="Sandata – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sandata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusat" title="Pusat – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pusat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Зброя – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зброя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%81" title="اسلحہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسلحہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurol-yarog%CA%BBlar" title="Qurol-yarogʻlar – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qurol-yarogʻlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD" title="Vũ khí – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vũ khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armas" title="Armas – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Armas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="武器 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="武器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94)" title="ანჯარი (ოურდუმე) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანჯარი (ოურდუმე)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="געווער – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געווער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="武器 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="武器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BA-kh%C3%AC" title="Bú-khì – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bú-khì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="武器 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="武器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" 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width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Armagintza-museoa_eibar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Armagintza-museoa_eibar.jpg/250px-Armagintza-museoa_eibar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Armagintza-museoa_eibar.jpg/330px-Armagintza-museoa_eibar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Armagintza-museoa_eibar.jpg/500px-Armagintza-museoa_eibar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Eibarren <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendean</a> egindako armak, <a href="/wiki/Armagintzaren_Museoa" title="Armagintzaren Museoa">Armagintzaren Museoan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Bronze_age_weapons_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bronze_age_weapons_Romania.jpg/250px-Bronze_age_weapons_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Bronze_age_weapons_Romania.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brontze_Aro" class="mw-redirect" title="Brontze Aro">Brontze Aroko</a> armak</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Arma</b> edo <b>iskilua</b> ehizan, erasoan edo babesean indarra aplikatzeko eta hedatzeko erabiltzen den tresna da. Armek, oro har, abantaila mekanikoak erabiltzen dituzte indarrak sendotzeko. Armak oso elementu sinpleak izan daitezke, esaterako, mutur zorrozdun makila bat, edo teknologiaren laguntzarekin sortutako objektu konplexuak, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Kontinente_arteko_misil_balistiko" title="Kontinente arteko misil balistiko">kontinente arteko misil balistiko</a> bat. </p><p>Arma <a href="/wiki/Ehiza" title="Ehiza">ehizarako</a> eta autodefentsarako tresna da, eta gizakien aurka erabil daiteke indar edo instalazio etsaien eraso, defentsa eta suntsiketa lanetan, edo, besterik gabe, <a href="/wiki/Mehatxu" title="Mehatxu">mehatxu</a> eraginkor gisa. Arma, beraz, indar baten irismena eta magnitudea zabaltzen dituen gailua da<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Beste interpretazio baten arabera, indar bat biderkatzeko abantaila mekanikoak erabiltzen dituzten gailu sinpleenak dira<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Erasoa" title="Erasoa">Erasoan</a>, armak hertsapen-tresna gisa erabil daitezke, zuzenean edo jaurtigaiak erabiliz. Tresna horiek, beraz, makila zorrotz bat bezain gauza sinpletik hasi eta teknologia multzo konplexu bateraino doaz, <a href="/wiki/Kontinente_arteko_misil_balistiko" title="Kontinente arteko misil balistiko">kontinente arteko misil balistiko</a> bateraino, esaterako. Zentzu metaforikoan, kaltea eragiteko gai den edozer armatzat uler daiteke, eta zentzu horretan interpretatzen da XX. mendeko gerretako <a href="/wiki/Gerra_psikologiko" title="Gerra psikologiko">gerra psikologikoaren</a> garapena. Adibide gisa, <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Junkers Ju 87 hegazkinek</a>, «Stuka» izenez ezagunak, bonbardaketetan, beren bozinak martxan jartzen zituzten etsaiengan beldurra eragiteko. </p><p>Oraintsuago, hilgarriak ez diren armak diseinatu izan dira talde paramilitarrek, segurtasun indarrek edo borrokan ari diren tropek erabiltzeko diseinatuak, eta haien helburua da aurkari bat neutralizatzeko behar adina kalte eragitea heriotza eragin gabe eta ingurumenean duen eragina gutxituz<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Praktikan, kalteak eragin ditzakeen edozein elementu armatzat har daiteke (nahiz eta hori ez izan haren funtzio nagusia), erabiltzen den zirkunstantzien eta helburuen. Antzeko irizpidea erabiltzen da <a href="/wiki/Zuzenbidearen_zientzia" title="Zuzenbidearen zientzia">Zuzenbidearen Zientzian</a> ere: <a href="/wiki/Ukabil" title="Ukabil">ukabila</a>, naiz eta berehalako eginkizuna kalte egitea ez izan, armatzat har daiteke<sup class="Template-Fact" title="erreferentzia behar da pasarte honetan" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">[erreferentzia behar]</a></sup>. Hala ere, herrialde askotan indarrean dagoen <a href="/wiki/Zigor-zuzenbide" title="Zigor-zuzenbide">zigor zuzenbidearen</a> arabera, objektu bat ezin da armatzat hartu eraso edo defentsa egiteko funtzio espezifikoekin sortu ez bada. Adibidez, Espainiako legeriak hau ezartzen du:{{Aipua:Zentzu horretan, objektu bat juridikoki «arma» gisa hartu ahal izateko, fabrikatzeko momentuan «armatzat» erabilia izatea izan behar du helburu nagusia, bai erasorako, bai defentsarako<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.}} </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sabre_bayonette_carabine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sabre_bayonette_carabine.jpg/220px-Sabre_bayonette_carabine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sabre_bayonette_carabine.jpg/330px-Sabre_bayonette_carabine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sabre_bayonette_carabine.jpg/440px-Sabre_bayonette_carabine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baioneta" title="Baioneta">Baionetak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezpata_(eskrima)" title="Ezpata (eskrima)">ezpatak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Su-arma" title="Su-arma">Su-arma</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kontzeptu_teorikoa">Kontzeptu teorikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontzeptu teorikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kontzeptu teorikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oro har, erasotzeko edo defendatzeko balio duen objektu edo tresna da arma. Armaren oinarrizko funtzioa ez da aldatu antzinatik. Armek gauza hauetako bat edo gehiago egiten dituzte: </p> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">Presioa</a> kontzentratzea</b>: harri hautsi baten ertz zorrotzak edo makila zorrotz batek indar handiagoa emango dio azalera-unitate bakoitzari, eta ahoa edo punta ez duen aldeak baino askoz kalte handiagoa egingo du. Materialaren <a href="/wiki/Gogortasun" title="Gogortasun">gogortasunak</a> zehazten du presioa aplikatzeko edo jasateko gaitasuna.</li> <li>Metatutako <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a>: objektu batek <a href="/wiki/Energia_zinetiko" title="Energia zinetiko">energia zinetikoa</a> metatzen du; pertsonak, berriz, denbora laburragoan, zuriaren gainean azeleratu eta askatzen du energia hori; horrela, objektuaren ahalmena eta pertsonaren boterea handitzen ditu.</li> <li>Jaurtitako <a href="/wiki/Indar" title="Indar">indarra</a>: jaurtitako harri batek edo makila luze batek, aurkariari, distantzia jakin batetik kalte egiteko aukera ematen du. Kaltea ibilbidean metatutako energia zinetikoak eragiten du, inpaktuaren unean sakabanatzen baita<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Bestalde, arma modernoek faktore horietako batzuk konbinatu ditzakete suntsipen handiagoa eragiteko.</li></ol> <p>Armak iraingarriak izan daitezke ―energiaren transformazioa helburu baten gain erortzeko egokiak―, edo defentsakoak, etsai batek gugan bil dezakeen energiaren zati bat neutralizatzera, saihestera edo, gutxienez, xurgatzera zuzenduak. Aurrerago, xehetasun handiagoz aztertzen dira, irizpide espezifikoagoen arabera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiaurreko_armak">Historiaurreko armak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historiaurreko armak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historiaurreko armak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Industria_litiko" title="Industria litiko">Industria litiko</a>» eta «<a href="/wiki/Olduvai_aldia" title="Olduvai aldia">Olduvai aldia</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg/250px-N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg/330px-N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg/500px-N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Neolitiko garaiko artefaktu multzo bat, besokoez, aizkorez, trintxez eta leuntzeko tresnez osatua.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VI_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VI_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg/220px-Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VI_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VI_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg/330px-Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VI_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VI_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg/440px-Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VI_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="2154" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmut_Thieme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmut Thieme (sortu gabe)">Hartmut Thieme</a> arkeologoa Schöninger Speere batekin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Goi-mailako beste ugaztun-espezie batzuk behatuta (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Txinpantze" title="Txinpantze">txinpantzeak</a>) ikus daiteke tresnak nola erabiltzen diren, eta armak ere definizio horren barruan daude<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Stanford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Craig Stanford (sortu gabe)">Craig Stanfordek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primateetan</a> aditua eta <a href="/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Kaliforniako_Unibertsitatea" title="Hegoaldeko Kaliforniako Unibertsitatea">Kaliforniako Hegoaldeko Unibertsitateko</a> <a href="/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia">antropologia</a>-irakasleak, iradoki izan du tximino handiek <a href="/wiki/Lantza" title="Lantza">lantza</a> zakarrak aurkitzeak (hau da, makila zorrotz samarrak) agerian utz dezakeela, analogiaz, gizakiak erabilitako lehen armak, duela bost milioi urte inguru<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Beraz, modu naturalean, makilek eta hesola zorrotzek osatu dute gizateriaren lehen armategia, eta litekeena da jaurtigai gisa ere erabili izana, harri txikiekin batera. </p><p>Tresna horiek oso erabilgarriak izan zitezkeen gizakiarentzat, ezen bere <a href="/wiki/Eboluzio" title="Eboluzio">eboluzio biologikoa</a>, baliabideak lortzeko lehian, beste izaki batzuk baino geldoagoa, baldarragoa, txikiagoa edo ahulagoa baitzen. Izan ere, adarrez, atzaparrez, letagin zorrotzez edo azal zula-ezinez hornitutako animalien aurkako lehian, giza espeziearentzat, armak oso tresna onuragarritzat hartu behar dira, zeinak, bestalde, laster jo baitzuen defentsa natural horietara bere armategia perfekzionatzeko. Nolanahi ere, harrizko <a href="/wiki/Aizkora" title="Aizkora">aizkorak</a> dira kontaktu zuzenaren bidez kalteak eragiteko berariaz garatutako lehen giza armak, energia-anplifikadore sinple gisa erabiltzen direnak. </p><p>Datazio fidagarria duten lehen jaurtigaiak egurrezko zortzi lantza dira, 1,80 eta 2,30 metro artekoak eta pinu egurrez eginak<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Schöninger Speere deritze, eta duela 400.000 urte egin zirela uste da. Zortzi lantza horiek <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen" title="Schöningen">Schöningenen</a> (Alemania) aurkitu zituen (1995 eta 1998 artean) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmut_Thiem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmut Thiem (sortu gabe)">Hartmut Thiemek</a> zuzendutako talde batek. Ikuspuntu aerodinamiko batetik aztertu zituzten, eta perfektuak zirela ondorioztatu zuten. Oso artisau trebeek eraiki zituzten, eta grabitate-zentroa kontuan hartu zuten lantza hegaldian ahalik eta gutxien desoreka zedin eta, aldi berean, jaurtitzeko erraza izan zedin. Punta isatsa baino astunxeago jarri zuten, eta <a href="/wiki/Grabitate-zentroa" class="mw-redirect" title="Grabitate-zentroa">grabitate-zentroa</a> ez zegoen zehazki erdian, baizik eta aurrerantz pixka bat mugituta<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Duela 250.000 urte inguru hasi ziren sua erabiltzen puntak gogortzeko, eta lantza punta gisa eskuz zizelkatutako lehen harriak K.a. 80.000. urte inguruan datatu dira. Hogei <a href="/wiki/Milurteko" title="Milurteko">milurteko</a> geroago, <a href="/wiki/Arku" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Arku">arkuak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gezi" title="Gezi">geziek</a> iraultza ekarri zuten armen teknologiara, eragindako indarra biderkatu baitzuten, erabiltzailearen muskulu-ahalegina murriztuz gainera<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kontserbatutako lehen <a href="/wiki/Xabalina" title="Xabalina">xabalina</a> K.a. 42.000. urte inguruan erabili zen. <a href="/wiki/Paleolitoa" title="Paleolitoa">Paleolito</a> garaian, geziak baino zehatzagoak ziren <a href="/wiki/Dardoak" title="Dardoak">dardoak</a> erabiltzen hasi ziren, eta aurkitutako <a href="/wiki/Bultzagailu" title="Bultzagailu">atlatlarik</a> ―lantzak bulkatzeko erabiltzen den arma― zaharrenak 27.000 urte inguru ditu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antzinaroko_armak">Antzinaroko armak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzinaroko armak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Antzinaroko armak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Metalurgia" title="Metalurgia">Metalurgia</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ballista-quadrirotis.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ballista-quadrirotis.jpeg/250px-Ballista-quadrirotis.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ballista-quadrirotis.jpeg/330px-Ballista-quadrirotis.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ballista-quadrirotis.jpeg/500px-Ballista-quadrirotis.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a> bat gurdi batean ezarria eta <a href="/wiki/Katafrakto" title="Katafrakto">Katafrakto</a> korazatu batek eramana (400. urte inguruan).</figcaption></figure> <p>Antzinaroko armek abantaila ugari eskaintzen zituzten historiaurrekoen aldean, hobekuntza nabarmenak baitzituzten, baita material eta erabilera-teknikak eta iraungarritasun handiagoa ere. Metalen fusioaren ikaskuntzak oso figura garrantzitsuak bihurtu zituen errementariak giza komunitate guztietan, eta haien ezaugarri magiko batzuk <a href="/wiki/Ezpata#burdin_aroa" title="Ezpata">burdinazko ezpatei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezkutu" title="Ezkutu">ezkutuei</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Armadura_(jantzia)" title="Armadura (jantzia)">armadura</a> pertsonalei gehitutako iraultza teknologikoari zor zitzaizkion. Fintasun tekniko horretatik, fintasun taktiko handiagoa lortu zen, eta, hala, helburu zehatzetarako armak diseinatzen hasi ziren, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Alabarda" title="Alabarda">alabarda</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Kasko" title="Kasko">kaskoa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gurpil" title="Gurpil">Gurpilaren</a> hedapenak eta <a href="/wiki/Hipika" title="Hipika">zaldiketak</a>, garapen metalurgikoarekin batera, lehen unitate militar konposatua eratu zuten, <a href="/wiki/Gerra_zalgurdi" title="Gerra zalgurdi">gerra-zalgurdia</a>, K.a. XX. mende inguruan asmatu eta K.a. XIII. mende inguruan goia jo zuena. (ikus <a href="/wiki/Kadeshko_gudua" title="Kadeshko gudua">Kadeshko gudua</a>). Garai hartan, zaldi gainean muntatutako unitateak eratzeak paradigma militar bat sortzea ekarri zuen, <a href="/wiki/Zalditeria" title="Zalditeria">zalditeria</a>, XX. mende luze arteraino iraungo zuena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erdi_Arko_armak">Erdi Arko armak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erdi Arko armak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erdi Arko armak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Gerra_Erdi_Aroan" title="Gerra Erdi Aroan">Gerra Erdi Aroan</a>»</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gothic_armor_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gothic_armor_2.jpg/150px-Gothic_armor_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gothic_armor_2.jpg/225px-Gothic_armor_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gothic_armor_2.jpg/300px-Gothic_armor_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="2351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zaldun" title="Zaldun">Zaldun</a> bat <a href="/wiki/Armadura_(jantzia)" title="Armadura (jantzia)">armadurarekin</a>; liburu aleman baten ilustrazioa, 1483an argitaratua.</figcaption></figure> <p>Europan, <a href="/wiki/Antzinaroa" title="Antzinaroa">Antzinaroaren</a> bukaerak, <a href="/wiki/Zisma_Nagusia" title="Zisma Nagusia">Zisma Nagusiaz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Feudalismo" title="Feudalismo">gizarte feudalaren</a> hedapenaz definitua, armamentuetan iraultza berri bat ekarri zuen berekin: batetik, defentsarako <a href="/wiki/Zaldunen_Krak" title="Zaldunen Krak">eraikin handiak</a> eraikiz eta, bestetik, setio-armak perfekzionatuz. <a href="/wiki/Zalditeria" title="Zalditeria">Zalditeriak</a> <a href="/wiki/Gizarte_estatus" title="Gizarte estatus">gizarte estatusaren</a> balioa hartzen du. <a href="/wiki/Noblezia" title="Noblezia">Noblezia</a> <a href="/wiki/Indar_armatuak" title="Indar armatuak">indar militarrarekin</a> identifikatzen da ―<a href="/wiki/Zaldun" title="Zaldun">zaldun feudalarekin</a>―, eta, <a href="/wiki/Monarkia" title="Monarkia">monarkiak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klero" title="Klero">kleroarekin</a> batera, nagusitasuna hartzen du hierarkia feudal zorrotzean. Mendeetan iraun zuen eredu soziokultural hori aldatu egingo da, <a href="/wiki/Pizkundea" title="Pizkundea">Pizkundea</a> deiturikoa bultzatzeraino, <a href="/wiki/Bolbora" title="Bolbora">bolboraren</a> agerpenak ere definitua, zeinak <a href="/wiki/Estrategia_militar" title="Estrategia militar">estrategia militarrean</a> paradigma guztiz berria planteatu baitzuen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aro_modernoko_armak">Aro modernoko armak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aro modernoko armak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Aro modernoko armak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Su-arma" title="Su-arma">Su-arma</a>»</div> <p>Bolbora 1200. urte inguruan sartu zen <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europan</a>, ekialdetik, eta iraultza beliko berri baten hasiera izan zen. Bolboraren agerpen-data alde batera utzita, badaude su-armen erabileraren froga fidagarriak adierazten dutenak erreinu kristauek <a href="/wiki/Kalifa-herri" title="Kalifa-herri">Kalifato</a> arabiarren aurka <a href="/wiki/Iberiar_penintsula" title="Iberiar penintsula">iberiar penintsula</a> birkonkistatzeko borroketan erabili zituztela. Kronikek «trumoi-tiroak» aipatzen dituzte <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1342), <a href="/wiki/Orihuela" title="Orihuela">Orihuela</a> (1331), <a href="/wiki/Baza" title="Baza">Baza</a> (1312), eta bereziki <a href="/wiki/Nieblako_konderria" title="Nieblako konderria">Niebla konderrian</a> (1257) eta <a href="/wiki/Zaragozako_errekonkista" title="Zaragozako errekonkista">Zaragozako berreskuratzean</a> (1118). </p><p>Pizkundean zehar, armak hobetuz joan ziren, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Bonbarda_(arma)" title="Bonbarda (arma)">bonbarda</a>, kulebrina edo espingarda. Gerrak izaera erabat berria hartu zuen, eta, ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Itsasontzi" title="Itsasontzi">itsasontzi</a> mota berriak sortu ziren, <a href="/wiki/Galeoi" title="Galeoi">galeoia</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Bergantin" title="Bergantin">bergantina</a>, esaterako. Pixkanaka, setio-arma horiek fintzeak erabilera pertsonaleko <a href="/wiki/Su-arma" title="Su-arma">su-armak</a> sortzea ekarri zuen, <a href="/wiki/Konkistatzaile" title="Konkistatzaile">konkistatzaile espainiarrentzat</a> funtsezko elementua izango zena <a href="/wiki/Esplorazioen_Aroa" title="Esplorazioen Aroa">Aurkikuntzen Aroan</a>. Teknologia horrek eragin erabakigarria izan zuen munduaren historian, kontinentearteko mailan. </p> <table cellpadding="10" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; color: inherit; background-color:transparent; border-style:none; width:;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:2 2px;">« </td> <td>Harakinek uharteak soildu zituzten. <a href="/wiki/Guanahani" title="Guanahani">Guanahani</a> izan zen lehena martirien istorio horretan. Buztinaren umeek irribarrea hautsita ikusi zuten, oreinen altuera hauskorra kolpatuta, eta heriotzan ere ez zuten ulertzen. Lotu eta zauritu egin zituzten, erre eta erre egin zituzten, hozka egin eta lurperatu egin zituzten. Eta eguraldiak palmondoetan dantzan baltsa jiratu zuenean, areto berdea hutsik zegoen. <p>Hezurrak baino ez ziren geratzen, gurutze itxuran tinko jarriak, Jainkoaren eta gizakien aintza handiagorako. III. kantua, <i>Los Conquistadores - Vienen por las islas</i> (1493), <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a>. </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:2 2px;">» </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Goya-Guerra_(33).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Goya-Guerra_%2833%29.jpg/330px-Goya-Guerra_%2833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Goya-Guerra_%2833%29.jpg/500px-Goya-Guerra_%2833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Goya-Guerra_%2833%29.jpg/960px-Goya-Guerra_%2833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerraren_hondamendiak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerraren hondamendiak (sortu gabe)">Gerraren hondamendiak</a></i>, 33. zkia.: «Zer gehiago egin behar da?». <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goyak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espainiako_Independentzia_Gerran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espainiako Independentzia Gerran (sortu gabe)">Espainiako Independentzia Gerran</a> iritsi zen basakeria eta ankerkeria islatzen du bere lan grafikoan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Su-armek jauzi kualitatiboa suposatu zuten, bada, energia material leherkor batean biltzen baitzen, propultsatzaile izenekoa, bolbora, esaterako; horrela, ez zen erabiltzaileak eragindako pisu edo mugimendu baten menpe egon behar. Energia hori abiadura handiagoan askatzen da, eta gailua berrerabil daiteke materiala eta eramailea nekatu gabe eta denbora-tarte labur samarrean. Su-armak ezinbesteko faktore bihurtu ziren XVII. mendeko <a href="/wiki/Inperio" title="Inperio">inperio</a> handiak eratzeko<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, eta arma horien irismena, potentzia, zehaztasuna edo birkarga-abiadura hobetzeko hainbat azterketa egin ziren. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuen_Independentzia_Gerra" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuen Independentzia Gerra">Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Independentzia Gerratik</a> XX. mendearen hasierara arte, gorputz-gorputzeko borroka-armak, azkenean, baztertu egin ziren borroka-eremutik, irismen txikia eta irismen horren barruan erabilera zaila zutelako. Batzuetan, <a href="/wiki/Fusil" title="Fusil">fusilaren aroa</a> izenez aipatu izan da; garai horretan, su-armak <a href="/wiki/Infanteria" title="Infanteria">infanteriarako</a> garatu ziren, eta <a href="/wiki/Kanoi" title="Kanoi">kanoiak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropa_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tropa (argipena)">tropei</a> eusteko, eta armak automatizatzen hasi ziren. <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Amerika" title="Ipar Amerika">Ipar Amerikan</a>, «<a href="/wiki/Amerindiar" title="Amerindiar">amerindiarrak</a> beren antzinako kokalekuetatik <i>atera ziren</i>, hasieran armez eta gero diplomaziaz <i>konbentzituz</i> komeni zitzaiela <a href="/wiki/Amerindiar_erreserba" title="Amerindiar erreserba">indiarren erreserba</a> batera joatea»<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Geroago, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Gerra_Zibila" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Gerra Zibila">Gerra Zibilean</a>, lehen <a href="/wiki/Korazatu" title="Korazatu">korazatua</a> eta lehen <a href="/wiki/Metrailadore" title="Metrailadore">metrailadorea</a> sortu zituzten <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetan</a>. Bestalde, <a href="/wiki/Lurrun-makina" title="Lurrun-makina">lurrun-makinaren</a> erabilerak <a href="/wiki/Bela-nabigazio" title="Bela-nabigazio">bela-nabigazioa</a> ordezkatu zuen, nabigazio mota hori baitzen, antzinatik, edozein ontziren indar eragile nagusia. Oro har, testuinguru hori da nagusi XIX. mendeko <a href="/wiki/Armada" title="Armada">armada</a> moderno gehienetan, gorabehera nabarmenak izanik herrialde batetik bestera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XX._mendeko_armak">XX. mendeko armak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «XX. mendeko armak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: XX. mendeko armak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendea</a>»</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Vickers_machine_gun_in_the_Battle_of_Passchendaele_-_September_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vickers_machine_gun_in_the_Battle_of_Passchendaele_-_September_1917.jpg/200px-Vickers_machine_gun_in_the_Battle_of_Passchendaele_-_September_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vickers_machine_gun_in_the_Battle_of_Passchendaele_-_September_1917.jpg/300px-Vickers_machine_gun_in_the_Battle_of_Passchendaele_-_September_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vickers_machine_gun_in_the_Battle_of_Passchendaele_-_September_1917.jpg/400px-Vickers_machine_gun_in_the_Battle_of_Passchendaele_-_September_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3433" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vickers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vickers (sortu gabe)">Vickers</a> <a href="/wiki/Metrailadore" title="Metrailadore">metrailadorea</a> (argazkia), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxim (sortu gabe)">Maxim</a> metrailadoretik eratorria, 79 urtez egon zen zerbitzuan armada britainiarrean.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Teknologia belikoaren hobekuntzen erritmoa, izan ere, biderkatu egin zen XX. mendeko gatazka beliko handietan. <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerran</a>, burdinazko armen aroa amaitu zen, eta <a href="/wiki/Infanteria" title="Infanteria">infanteria</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Artilleria" title="Artilleria">artilleria</a> funtsezko arma bihurtu ziren. Arma mota berriak, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Obus" title="Obus">obusa</a>, edozein eraikuntza mota suntsitzeko gai ziren. <a href="/wiki/Hegazkin" title="Hegazkin">Hegazkina</a>, orduan hamarkada bateko bizitzaz, armada modernoen parte izatera igaro zen, eta <a href="/wiki/Gudu_zelai" title="Gudu zelai">gudu-zelai</a> askoren protagonista izan zen, diseinatu berri ziren unitate <a href="/wiki/Tanke" title="Tanke">blindatuekin</a> batera, unitate autopropultsatu gisa <a href="/wiki/Zalditeria" title="Zalditeria">zalditeria</a> ordezkatu zutenak. <a href="/wiki/Itsaso" title="Itsaso">Itsasoan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itsaspeko" title="Itsaspeko">itsaspekoak</a> agertu ziren. Gizarte industrializatuen arteko gatazkaren ezaugarri gisa, armen gorakadak ―etsaiaren edozein aitzinamendu erreproduzitu eta indargabetzean datzana― gerra-makinaren industrializazioa ekarri zuen, lehen pentsaezinak ziren baja ugari eraginez. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Attack_on_Hamburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Attack_on_Hamburg.jpg/250px-Attack_on_Hamburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Attack_on_Hamburg.jpg/330px-Attack_on_Hamburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a> hegazkin bat, etsaiaren supean, <a href="/wiki/Hanburgo" title="Hanburgo">Hanburgo</a>-ri gauez egindako eraso batean, 1943ko urtarrilaren 30ean eta 31n.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerrak</a> <a href="/wiki/Lubaki" title="Lubaki">lubaki-gerraren</a> esperientziatik atera zuen bere ikasketa: Arma berriei gerra taktika berriak dagozkie, <a href="/wiki/Tximista_Gerra" title="Tximista Gerra">blitzkrieg edo tximista gerra</a> kasu, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a> gisako potentzia militarretan (antzinako gerraren ikuskera bati atxikita) behin-behineko porrota eragingo dutenak. Gerrako hurrengo 6 urteetan, lehia teknologiko zorabiagarria izango da. Armadaren hiru armei eragiteaz gain, biztanleria zibila izango du helburu: alde batetik, propaganda bidez ―eta etsaiaren kontra-propaganda bidez―; bestetik, hiri-kontzentrazio handietan bonbardaketa masiboak antolatuz, ez hainbeste etsaien armadari kalte egiteko, baizik eta, saturazioz, garraiobideak geldiarazteko<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tenperatura altuek eta, ondorioz, lekuz aldatutako aire-masek «su-ekaitzak» eragiten zituzten<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, eta, egun gutxiren buruan, hiri osoak ezabatu ziren mapatik<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Hegazkin" title="Hegazkin">Hegazkina</a> <a href="/wiki/Ehiza-hegazkin" title="Ehiza-hegazkin">ehiza-hegazkin</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bonbaketari" title="Bonbaketari">bonbaketarien</a> zereginetan dibertsifikatzen da, eta teknologia berriz hornitzen da (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispano-Suiza_HS.404&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispano-Suiza HS.404 (sortu gabe)">Hispano-Suiza HS.404</a>: <a href="/wiki/Napalm" title="Napalm">napalm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radarra</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propultsio_hegazkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propultsio hegazkin (sortu gabe)">jet propultsioa</a>), arma beliko gisa duen balioa biderkatzen dutenak. Herrialde guztietako itsas armadak <a href="/wiki/Itsaspeko" title="Itsaspeko">itsaspekoak</a> bereganatzen ditu. Gerra batean inoiz erabilitako arma boteretsuenen erabilerarekin amaitzen da gatazka: <a href="/wiki/Fat_Man_and_Little_Boy" title="Fat Man and Little Boy">Fat Man eta Little Boy</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bigarren_Mundu_Gerraren_ondorengo_armak">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondorengo armak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondorengo armak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondorengo armak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Agni-II_missile_(Republic_Day_Parade_2004).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Agni-II_missile_%28Republic_Day_Parade_2004%29.jpeg/220px-Agni-II_missile_%28Republic_Day_Parade_2004%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Agni-II_missile_%28Republic_Day_Parade_2004%29.jpeg/330px-Agni-II_missile_%28Republic_Day_Parade_2004%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Agni-II_missile_%28Republic_Day_Parade_2004%29.jpeg/440px-Agni-II_missile_%28Republic_Day_Parade_2004%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2870" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption>Agni <a href="/wiki/Misil_balistiko" title="Misil balistiko">misil balistikoa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren</a> ostean, <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Hotza" title="Gerra Hotza">Gerra Hotzaren</a> etorrerarekin, arma berrien etengabeko garapena instituzionalizatu zen, eta <a href="/wiki/Superpotentzia" title="Superpotentzia">superpotentzia</a> handiak eskalada teknologiko batean inplikatu ziren armak eta kontra-armak garatzeko. Armen egoera horrek gaur egunera arte jarraitzen du, eta, herrialde askorentzat, hainbat <a href="/wiki/Kubako_Krisialdia" title="Kubako Krisialdia">tirabiren iturburu</a> izan da. Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondoren garatutako armamentuaren alderdi nabarmenetako bat izan da <a href="/wiki/Arma_nuklear" title="Arma nuklear">arma nuklearrak</a> <a href="/wiki/Misil_balistiko" title="Misil balistiko">misil balistikoekin</a> konbinatzea izan da, eta horrek gaur egun dagoen armarik boteretsuena sortzea ekarri du: <a href="/wiki/Kontinente_arteko_misil_balistiko" title="Kontinente arteko misil balistiko">kontinentearteko misil balistikoa</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gerra_Hotza" title="Gerra Hotza">Gerra Hotzak</a> <a href="/wiki/Arma_nuklear" title="Arma nuklear">bonba atomiko</a> gisako armak sortzera ere eraman zuen. Bonba atomikoak, bere jabeak ziren <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna">Sobietar Batasuna</a> (gaur egun, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a>) giza zibilizazio oro <a href="/wiki/Espezieen_iraungipen" title="Espezieen iraungipen">suntsitzeko</a> ahalmen nahikoa zuten potentzia belikotzat ezartzen zituen: Izan ere, ez batak, ez besteak, ez zuen <a href="/wiki/Gerra" title="Gerra">gatazka</a> bat hasi nahi, gatazka horrek norberaren deuseztapena bakarrik ekar zezakeela bai baitzekiten, «<a href="/wiki/Elkar_Suntsiketa_Ziurtatua" title="Elkar Suntsiketa Ziurtatua">Elkar Suntsiketa Ziurtatua</a>» delakoaren doktrinaren arabera. Arma horien izaera indiskriminatua dela eta, eskala txikiagoko misil nuklearrak nahiko alferrikakotzat jo dituzte. Ohiko <a href="/wiki/Gudu_zelai" title="Gudu zelai">gudu-zelaietako</a> alternatiba iritsi zen teknologia informatikoa, doitasun handiko munizioa (<i>bonba adimenduna</i> ere deitua) eta <a href="/wiki/Teknologia_detektagaitz" title="Teknologia detektagaitz">teknologia detetektagaitza</a> aplikatzeari esker, dagoeneko ohikoak baitira <a href="/wiki/Ehiza-hegazkin" title="Ehiza-hegazkin">gerra-hegazkin</a> mota askotan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gerra_Hotzaren_amaiera_eta_gaur_egun">Gerra Hotzaren amaiera eta gaur egun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gerra Hotzaren amaiera eta gaur egun»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Gerra Hotzaren amaiera eta gaur egun"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Gerra_Hotza" title="Gerra Hotza">Gerra Hotza</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/220px--Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="Operation_Upshot_test.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Operation_Upshot_test.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv/Operation_Upshot_test.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AOperation_Upshot_test.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Nevadako proben kokalekuan egindako maniobrak. Operazioaren helburua teoria berriak probatzea zen, <a href="/wiki/Fusio_nuklear" title="Fusio nuklear">Fusio nuklear</a> zein <a href="/wiki/Fisio_nuklear" title="Fisio nuklear">fisio nuklear</a> gailuak erabiliz.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg/250px-Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg/500px-Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Ojiba anitzeko kontinentearteko misil balistiko bat berriro sartzean proiektatutako laser izpiak. 1960ko hamarkadatik potentzia nuklearrek nahikoa arma izan dituzte planeta osoa minutu gutxiren buruan suntsitzeko.</figcaption></figure> <p>1970eko hamarkadan, harreman politikoak baretu egin ziren, <a href="/wiki/SALT_itunak" title="SALT itunak">SALT itunek</a> (Arma Estrategikoak Mugatzeko Elkarrizketen ingelesezko sigla) erakutsi zutenez; <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">The Encyclopædia Britannicak</a> dio itun horietan, bi <a href="/wiki/Superpotentzia" title="Superpotentzia">superpotentziek</a> muga bat ezarri ziotela gaitasun nuklearra duten <a href="/wiki/Kontinente_arteko_misil_balistiko" title="Kontinente arteko misil balistiko">ICBM misilen</a> eta misil estrategikoen kopuruari. 1980ko hamarkadaren amaieran, <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Hotza" title="Gerra Hotza">Gerra Hotza</a> pixkanaka amaitzen joan zen. Nazioarteko Bakerako Carnegie Funtsaren txosten batek dio: «Gerra Hotzaren amaierak Estatu Batuak eta Sobietar Batasuna hainbeste denboran aurrez aurre jarri zituen armamentu nuklearreko karrera bertan behera uzteko itxaropena piztu zuen». </p><p>Armagabetzeari eta kontrol nuklearrari buruzko negoziazioen ondorioz, ehunka armategi nuklear desegin dituzte azken urteotan. 1991n, Sobietar Batasunak eta Estatu Batuek Murrizketa Estrategiko Ofentsiboen Ituna (START1) sinatu zuten, eta, horren ondorioz, bi superpotentzia nuklear horiek mugatu ez ezik, <a href="/wiki/Ojiba_nuklear" title="Ojiba nuklear">ojiba</a> estrategikoen kopurua murriztu behar izan zuten, historian lehen aldiz, bando bakoitzeko 6.000 unitaterekin geratu arte. 2001eko amaieran, akordioaren baldintzak bete zituztela ziurtatu zuten bi herrialdeek. Gainera, 2002an Moskuko Ituna sinatu zuten, eta, horren arabera, hurrengo hamar urteetan armategia txikitzen jarraitu behar dute, 1.700 eta 2.200 unitate arteko kopurura iritsi arte. </p><p>Etsaiak mehatxuari erantzun ahal izan baino lehen prestatzeko, maniobratzeko eta erasotzeko gaitasuna abantaila erabakigarri gisa probatu da, eta armadaren adar guztien artean zabaldu da horren erabilera. Hala, aipatu dugun <a href="/wiki/Teknologia_detektagaitz" title="Teknologia detektagaitz">teknologia detektagaitzaren</a> erabilerari, gaueko ikusmeneko ekipamendua gehitzen zaio, unitate operatiboetarako garatutakoa, ikuspen gutxi edo ikuspenik gabeko baldintzetan. Zaintza lanak, arrisku berezikoak, <a href="/wiki/Drone" title="Drone">tripulaziorik gabeko ibilgailuei</a> eman zaizkie, zeinak antzemanak izanez gero autosuntsitzen diren. </p><p>Indarren koordinazioa izan da gerra garaikidearen doktrinaren beste ardatzetako bat, eta hala islatu da <a href="/wiki/Kriptologia" title="Kriptologia">kriptologia</a> sistemak eta komunikazio gailu berriak sartzearekin, baita etsaien informazioa atzemateko sistemak ere. Etsaien azpiegitura, inteligentzia-sarea eta komunikazioak hausteko, ezinbestekoa da haien ekipoak oso informatizatuta egotea. Hori dela eta, gerra digitalaz hitz egiten hasi dira, ekipoak geldiarazteko, agindu nahasiak bidaltzeko edo, besterik gabe, etsaiaren egiturak sabotatzeko gai den arma gisa. <a href="/wiki/Espazioko_lasterketa" title="Espazioko lasterketa">Espazioko lasterketak</a> (karrera armamentistikoaren barruan sortutako pasarte gisa) <a href="/wiki/Satelite_artifizial" title="Satelite artifizial">sateliteak</a> <a href="/wiki/Komunikazio_satelite" title="Komunikazio satelite">komunikabide</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Satelite_espioi" title="Satelite espioi">satelite espioi</a> gisa ez ezik <a href="/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra">Lurraren</a> aurka arma eraginkor gisa erabiliko lituzkeen balizko gerra espazial bat planteatzeko aukera eman du. </p><p>2009ko urtarrilean, zortzi estatuk 23.300 arma nuklear baino gehiago zituzten, <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suediako</a> Bakerako Ikerketarako Stockholmeko Nazioarteko Institutuaren arabera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armen_sailkapenak">Armen sailkapenak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Armen sailkapenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Armen sailkapenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Armak sailkatzeko bi irizpide erabil daitezke: nork erabiltzen duen eta nola funtzionatzen duen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erabiltzailearen_araberako_sailkapena">Erabiltzailearen araberako sailkapena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erabiltzailearen araberako sailkapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Erabiltzailearen araberako sailkapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:190811-A-YY032-789_-_Delta_Battery,_5-7,_Air_Defense_Artillery_Command_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/190811-A-YY032-789_-_Delta_Battery%2C_5-7%2C_Air_Defense_Artillery_Command_Photo.jpg/220px-190811-A-YY032-789_-_Delta_Battery%2C_5-7%2C_Air_Defense_Artillery_Command_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/190811-A-YY032-789_-_Delta_Battery%2C_5-7%2C_Air_Defense_Artillery_Command_Photo.jpg/330px-190811-A-YY032-789_-_Delta_Battery%2C_5-7%2C_Air_Defense_Artillery_Command_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/190811-A-YY032-789_-_Delta_Battery%2C_5-7%2C_Air_Defense_Artillery_Command_Photo.jpg/440px-190811-A-YY032-789_-_Delta_Battery%2C_5-7%2C_Air_Defense_Artillery_Command_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="2801" /></a><figcaption>AEBko soldadu batzuk Patriot misilak jaurtikitzeko kamioi baten aurrean edo gainean.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_pertsonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arma pertsonal (sortu gabe)">Arma pertsonala</a> (edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_txiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arma txiki (sortu gabe)">arma txikia</a>): lagun bakarrak erabiltzeko diseinatua.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehizarako_arma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehizarako arma (sortu gabe)">Ehizarako arma</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ehiza" title="Ehiza">ehiztariek</a> erabilitakoa <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animaliak</a> <a href="/wiki/Ehiza" title="Ehiza">ehizatzeko</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanteria" title="Infanteria">Infanteriako</a> arma: arma pertsonalak baino handiagoak dira, eta bi lagun edo gehiago behar dira haiek erabiltzeko.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotorleku" title="Gotorleku">Gotorlekutako</a> arma: instalazio iraunkorrekoak; gotorlekuak babesteko erabiltzen dira.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendi" title="Mendi">Mendiko</a> arma: mendian edo toki zailetan izaten diren guduetan erabilitako arma.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibilgailu" title="Ibilgailu">Ibilgailutako</a> arma: ibilgailu militarretan muntatuta erabiltzekoa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tren" title="Tren">Trenetako</a> arma: trenetan muntatzen dena.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aireontzi" title="Aireontzi">Aireontzitako</a> arma: <a href="/wiki/Hegazkin" title="Hegazkin">hegazkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helikoptero" title="Helikoptero">helikoptero</a> edo beste edozein aireko ibilgailutan muntatzen dena.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsaso" title="Itsaso">Itsasorako</a> arma: <a href="/wiki/Itsasontzi" title="Itsasontzi">itsasontzi</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Itsaspeko" title="Itsaspeko">itsaspekoetan</a> muntatutakoa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espazio" title="Espazio">Espaziorako</a> arma: espazioan erabiltzeko prestatutako arma.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funtzionamenduaren_araberako_sailkapena">Funtzionamenduaren araberako sailkapena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Funtzionamenduaren araberako sailkapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Funtzionamenduaren araberako sailkapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arku_(arma)" title="Arku (arma)">Arkuen</a> familiako arma: soka bat tenkatuz, indarra irabazten da jaurtigaia botatzeko.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artilleria" title="Artilleria">Artilleria</a>: jaurtigai astunak jaurti ditzake distantzia luzeetara.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arma_biologiko" title="Arma biologiko">Arma biologikoa</a>: agente biologikoak barreiatzen ditu, gaixotasunak eta infekzioak eraginez.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arma_kimiko" title="Arma kimiko">Arma kimikoa</a>: pozoitu egiten du.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energia</a> metatzen duen arma: energia metatzen du, esaterako, laserra eta eraso sonikoa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leherketa" title="Leherketa">Leherketa</a> arma: leherketaren bidez funtzionatzen du, eta <a href="/wiki/Metraila" title="Metraila">metraila</a> erabil dezake.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su-arma" title="Su-arma">Su-arma</a>: karga kimikoa erabiltzen du, edo jaurtigaia botatzen du.</li> <li>Bat-batean sortutako arma: objektu arrunta, une jakin batean arma gisa erabili dena.</li> <li>Arma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Su-eragile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Su-eragile (sortu gabe)">su-eragilea</a>: suaren bidez sortzen du kaltea.</li> <li>Hilgarria ez den arma: hil gabe menderatzeko erabiltzen da.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_magnetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arma magnetiko (sortu gabe)">Arma magnetikoa</a>: eremu magnetikoak erabiltzen ditu jaurtigaiak bultzatzeko edo partikula izpiak biltzeko.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arma_zuri" title="Arma zuri">Arma zuria</a>: gorputzaren hedapen fisiko gisa funtzionatzen du.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misil" title="Misil">Misila</a>: jomugara gidatzen den <a href="/wiki/Suziri" title="Suziri">suziria</a> da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonba_nuklear" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonba nuklear">Arma nuklearra</a>: materia <a href="/wiki/Desintegrazio_erradioaktibo" title="Desintegrazio erradioaktibo">erradioaktiboak</a> darabiltza eztanda nuklearrak eragiteko.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suziri" title="Suziri">Suziria</a>: erregai kimikoa darabil jaurtigaia azeleratzeko.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria">Antimateriako</a> arma (teorikoa): materia eta antimateria konbinatzean, teorian, leherketa indartsua gertatuko litzateke.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazioen_gastuak_armetan">Nazioen gastuak armetan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nazioen gastuak armetan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Nazioen gastuak armetan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muga-gatazkengatik oso lehiatuak diren zonaldeen artean dauden herrialdeak, edo (gerra kontuei dagokienez) herrialde indartsuagoen mehatxupean daudenak, edo superpotentziak, mota guztietako armen erosle, esportatzaile eta fabrikatzaile handienen artean daude. <a href="/wiki/Latinoamerika" title="Latinoamerika">Latinoamerikako</a> herrialdeek Mendebaldeko bankuei zor dizkieten 350.000 milioi dolar amerikarretatik, 90.000 milioi inguru gastu militarretarako erabiltzen dira. Gerran zeuden <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Amerika" title="Erdialdeko Amerika">Erdialdeko Amerikako</a> herrialdeen gastu militarrak % 50 handitu ziren 1979 eta 1983 artean. Nahiz eta nazio batzuk egoera ekonomikoan egon, inflazioa ikaragarrizkoa denez, pertsona bakoitzak urtero ordaindu behar duen kopurua esanguratsua da: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentinan</a>, bere PBIaren % 3,5; <a href="/wiki/Txile" title="Txile">Txilen</a>, PBIaren % 3,5; <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexikon</a>, % 2,5; <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasilen</a>, % 3,4. Arauaren salbuespen gisa, gaur egun <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Txile" title="Txile">Txile</a> dira, defentsan gastu txikia izan arren, armamentu erosle handienak <a href="/wiki/Hego_Amerika" title="Hego Amerika">Hego Amerikako azpikontinentean</a><sup class="Template-Fact" title="erreferentzia behar da pasarte honetan" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">[erreferentzia behar]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagintzaren_Museoa" title="Armagintzaren Museoa">Armagintzaren Museoa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentzia">Erreferentzia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentzia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentzia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">AKSHOY, Paul y otros, <i>Engineering Mechanics and Strength of Materials</i>, Prentice Hall of India, 2005, pág. 215. (<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/8120326113" class="extiw" title="es:Especial:FuentesDeLibros/8120326113">ISBN 8120326113</a>), ikus baita esteka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420114434/http://www.mtsu.edu/~pdlee/public2_html/simple_machines.html#sm#5">honetan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">ASIMOV, Isaac; <i>Understanding Physics</i>, Barnes & Noble, Nueva York, 1988, pág. 88. Ikus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pSKvaLV6zkcC&vq=archimedes&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0">erreferentzia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Actas del Congreso de los Estados Unidos, págs. 115-126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Véase la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derechopenalonline.com/derecho.php?id=30,204,0,0,1,0">jurisprudencia</a> Archivado el 16 de diciembre de 2012 en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derechopenalonline.com/derecho.php?id=30,204,0,0,1,0">Wayback Machine</a>. sobre este caso concreto, en www.derechopenalonline.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hau da arma garaikideek diseinatzen duten printzipio fisiko bera, hala nola punta hutsezko balak.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPruetzBertolani2007-03">Pruetz, Jill D.; Bertolani, Paco.  (2007-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.042">«Savanna Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, Hunt with Tools»</a> <i>Current Biology</i> 17 (5): 412–417.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2006.12.042">10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.042</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822">0960-9822</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-08-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Rick Weiss, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/22/AR2007022201007.html">Observaciones sobre chimpancés que fabrican sus propias armas</a>", publicado en <i>The Washington Post</i>, el 22 de febrero de 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany", por THIEME, Hartmut; en Letters to Nature, <i>Nature</i> nº 385, 807 - 810, del 27 de febrero de 1997; doi:10.1038/385807a0 ; Ikus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v385/n6619/abs/385807a0.html">edizioa</a> online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Corbella, J., Carbonell, E., Moyà, S., Sala, R., <i>Sapiens,</i> Edicions 62, s. a., labutxaca, España, 2010, pág 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015143946/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/03/31/earliest-weapon-human.html">Arkuek, hezur-geziekin, 60.000 urteko adina dute, gutxi gorabehera.</a>."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Alfonso XI. <i>Crónicas de Alfonso XI. Siglo XIV</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Horietako batzuk XIX. mendera arte iraungo zuten, <a href="/wiki/Britainiar_Inperioa" title="Britainiar Inperioa">Britainiar Inperioak</a> esaterako, eta eremu horretan garatutako aurrerapenen lekukotza dira, baita armen aparteko garrantzia politikoaren lekuko ere.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Amerikako indiar erreserba guztien azalera konbinatua (km²-tan) lurralde nazionalaren % 4 dela kalkulatzen da.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Harris, lehen aire mariskal britainiarra, «Harris bonbardaria» goitizenaz, Bigarren Mundu Gerraren amaieran, Alemaniako biztanleria zibilaren aurkako bonbardaketen erantzule militarra izan zen. Nobleziara berandu iritsia; atzerapen hori Winston Churchillen gaitzespen keinu gisa ulertu nahi izan dute zenbaitek, paradoxikoki, misio horiek agindu zizkiona.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ikus <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardeo_de_Dresde" class="extiw" title="es:Bombardeo de Dresde">hemen</a> eta <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardeo_de_Hamburgo" class="extiw" title="es:Bombardeo de Hamburgo">hemen</a> <i>bonbardaketa moralei</i> buruzko informazio gehiago lortzeko.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hiriguneen suntsiketaren datuak ez dira elokuenteak: Wessel, % 97 (1939an 25.000 biztanletik 1945ean 1.900era igaro zen); Dresden, % 75 (35.000 hildako baino gehiago); Hanburgo, 40.000 hildako; Tokio, 100.000 hildako.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Autore batzuek adierazi dute arma atomikoaren erabilera ez zela beharrezkoa, japoniarrek aire erasoetatik defendatzeko ezintasuna ikusita. Uhartez uharteetako konkistetan amerikarren bizitzen kostu altua, eta bakearen ondoren arma horrek bere eramaileari ematen zion rol nagusiaren jabetzearen interesak eragina izan lezake erabakian.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bibliografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>U.S.Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, <i>Improving the prospects for future international peace operations: workshop proceedings</i>, OTA-BP-ISS-167, Washington DC, US Government Printing Office, septiembre de 1995 (En inglés)</li> <li>Hind, Edward, <i>My Magazine: Being a Series of Poems, Tales, Sketches, Essays, Orations, Etc.,: The Present Age - An oration</i> J. and H. Clarke, Londres, 1860 (En inglés).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px 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