CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136e1a97e32fce3',cH: 'wMvA0sm5uVBNE8toG1ONWg1Xdvnc.xdYw1JxTNTWMtM-1739806885-1.2.1.1-gK_MXlQAzA0qQr4Aqrkmdt7ix0Ce1h_QLF71xc1_bx1F8a.tEYj.0lNF8WoQhhKS',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=seed%20bug&__cf_chl_tk=ZIv6qm0ix6NsssB5ERCTnC68zRM9LsaTTsFfu8yXc20-1739806885-1.0.1.1-drkUNpt5XqTLeYlldP.pHYZazw6l_KpH0t_4SIklt.0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739806885',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=seed%20bug&__cf_chl_f_tk=ZIv6qm0ix6NsssB5ERCTnC68zRM9LsaTTsFfu8yXc20-1739806885-1.0.1.1-drkUNpt5XqTLeYlldP.pHYZazw6l_KpH0t_4SIklt.0",md: "jhcXuEXsb_clOQgRPTmGWLURv2lWuKyCD4i6HHuMZJ0-1739806885-1.2.1.1-nuA1OJbitpxRQfe1Df8oaxLbhFLA5leX6Is94t8JN.RG_Xk.Asvew2DIGDDlC7ch8P209FEyBCwAkpccoTFAs3U_idJx0DD7e91Kpedw_mzt5peYZN_ddku6NWDPyxflWDgz.6vq87LhQz1rY.HatorLloeIQ7wNcG6tJfYDuDEuEMjdWmHorQiuP5bBnlTHBhYEKX4YSNjfdKxxxvApKRgpeuIM2IsTsvWb7OX3rmraX2mFlf4e64vlzIq74OemDhI2P9LVPok7pgxHLkgmLzT2jQuc1SDTdnvX7teX.D7PGAoKGbqmzEAslWGePi8aMtILXEKJs1wXh5shwuCkcJ3zinMe6IdOL087JIc6rbD2dy0cAzsncO7oAjw4T4wLgoKY11.OR8.J.eVDAFFrY9tw1Ihg3YVJa6EiNkCnOy8lXt.lGMJOHIwOWomk1dV4l69c3DQ.k7HsTLyW06J9vbkHKtckDw7Ie4MGt4fsJCCEAPG6qDHSE_30Da2Hla1nw_k.vNub3hq9wl8b5YhzE1mp.Kf2EUeZ42jgO1lQzwOYEpcMVsWRaRueaUG1ylIdCmx6hK.Gcgr_Pz.UDDSq8yyZxE3H80f_iZS6LYQHNq.C2Fk0qq2rTlZZXRL1QsygaWVgknj51bXHuP9CcBWPB07v9YMtniezwWjul4SbXNv.ePdc2fytgwwZDHP_CT2wVGyFNvdc7sE.nrbcHKAd375VSUtnob4kwtIuVghji2iR1vPbV_qJ1oseJK12ppdXsKhsYrbsd1.j5flHgDeWlXsKMmQn4.s6PdFdb4RUwgXBSeaZ6.yId7YP9oOyao4uhSOt72_bA.6RQYt5zBPU77WpYcZAPpQ7db7nVovosoqyV84p0J.RggkOluWdGTaVsMQU91oRUdmQYOwPeoRRQVcc9hnE3RP14EHzmveAGXAbdpoP1raDa4odhkRf5ZHvf82kfUfvjYYO0.W33CbU_r.cDR95LVJgboDEZRd0HUVTi2lea2qR4HjGrutqjAwYJbyLULIZESTb9I7yeFetWlAi8VFk8IHfJXmsJZn3CbniZ6Csx2_c37uHhOLNpT3xT_084cNNsr6GxNA425Bvb0O2yGpBpMBoMkTl3iMiqNPEuLcpRHK3Duv9ZyY3Zs_v.5AB1rA26iLWngeF_akKLojx9GkyBnESd5LNGungFkogMF6oh4OtLaH6dS04XGJgq1STgmWHtXoSg2wlD2r4.DUEABxIgSt1cy4IRwECS4ud7lmcpkkJin6ywfz5BypSLaVurXv5G09vKYN1pSuWmpXi6hOgVsXZOJfPujSAegAClKDdTg1DTJ0y.5sXNRkpNSrFsgpZtvRiC1Fa6Le5sczG8mPvHjN2lnodLb6dYH5yCrm3mLVGTwjgWv_2zRzIr1IwBS9MKsTIEX2penfafleriwR0albgxk_ST4cCbw60YjI_beDYDwd98YveWw0iev9vkmB659p0dSIoo4N6BW0pMqKwAmfXPUujLUkDlK9Rro5umymwrFGQCURrX1kHpqoKjnh1Z1lIs6_qbSiKHeTboHRpqTrwgorOgFvHsXv8LJPZr2LUuKYLzOCa_GhQu.zBIqA5cdSXgb39VpA2m145mCLVJVlKeaSRKqk3ZK22YqprloI6BPnHo_mO7VPVtk52LOijtBJqkFMe7IdymvbmrOifHBMg7QyXClSGTB0CiNrl6Ivvy0mZuoTrtAp_nXlfZOl1H7xYTTMIkSXt0oFjSQnjTWsElsNMP3VChhk8nwpKPeESwcPVeONb8ia52SIcuDCSx28izta6qNXopTHVlWEY.BpJ9k1pXz1.bGql51kAJtVxJ.eJAEl1nWo31p3dVe8N_v.sbACosMCDSGqU5GJwNnkpo6IUlp74E_a_L1knOFt_s3b1JZbV.vCpr6uwtWyXtJ1WMSJeGKiENw",mdrd: "OlL4P3EMeDSG5rPlt_GMsltet8IEeYi98CEzMORw9fg-1739806885-1.2.1.1-CMdKJAhn6OWMKAEwBnCMZeA17sBx1FnSUCeLTqp3reH1B8JI7YiYe9tAP.E7OsS86w2NYFuu_MIkqvtLAy_RtyEvHZ8t0EIEFmUwWpZU95bDkyPSFOMFNKJI46.YL9yUtlyFyOMtwSpDMM7VDkZeTg50MMe9CYO8lNcVjT59iuooGMIp3K7EBWTo1hRvh0j5jDDiZ2RCURS5i1CJ_cKAaQzMG0g73R8KwgfsT_WrNtGNs7JMR8koSzZBF_x6qK7hSbE9vTXGP.gOKozq6nZrWwlbmJY34YA6UdpbbmBGrk1rFshGCfvF7X2JzdD6opQMz_ZhndtYXrgYQCaoyrasvphCopatwYkoRfdMWLVMsbu_BVP9T1pAYYBqsnvfqyJfaMupPhZDDEzh.qJCtXOhsikcnU1_AWqtfc0HGa71Jx5nnM6z4oCsu.YOMZXNVZe1AuACoTuiu5Cmxb.p096opBeISDJ8IPj5sUK2xKLiKpA9G44Tqmr6gewSwhnSV3bgZRmynVr8IWMTvfxQg8WmYy6atiIMRI0IDrF50jV7oh9rLMhVnbqB7Cewl27ei0SiDroNlBoHomp3AOfN8dGwpLJg56IKvqwREMiPS8BLpiPe.IY22YlFlo7.VQPeYC_C6_2fzdrpDtknieC9E5LJd8iLKt.2KVphOP3Q83jz_5EQwsWV9hCWAE60_hWNZAKLkek7PQcLEM1rKuyBfYhzRFU5mYyUh2lqF6Y915edi.vyZxGhSrgnqMqxalsC.zX1ri3fzpE_SMgSr_KoUhE1RN5dOAI0csiml21OwtLi703.szrJz2wcaGoAwLKR_E_Brd_5_8hWKNWcqZmghSyobyOWhkMOxselCm2k2uXK9F5djoz7MQfH2CqecyvK_jFDwXk3.wKggRSe6YuXrXul_MFQlm8rZ8GaQc4pWMQ.6SPZZ74kpnEck11l_WF2gJpWRK1OUxRwvYl__LWGCHBxrxGfteQYF.NRrL5zlKXSWcBUzyrmIS_2s4sCamsuuhLbXxCfsUQWVaeIY771iHMt0rdjjuhocC5R9EsPshZj_JCEujHOA2hO_gr9H_agj75xYqzRUjwzNZ4x9xV9nKV8WF8ZWqPeO_aEXxdmTpV.C1dFdy0HpuPRd_f2U7m9xB_rhIsrkxjEMYlEC67DvBY1C_AY4hQ3P5M0i6AQowUuc2iIFoSR_ZonMEKGM4RptargUqJhYfEX5lNT.bd9qIHyQN4mLeGuLdrYUBfGDRn5s_UA4WLmOpuExccgEwU7ONJJJl5ZWDcpcWPbQ0rpDxwgXuwhpP3u.E3kqbRjRIsUZJNKSgbUlO2xFP3gcLylEDexcZwwQLqd3gSZFwOpEEJJMb9XGvL3vJX0UfvgglFjX3jZMWGqjPe8mXK17_LrEouWcxgX7SJicBQreTvjEP6QixChi.u4.2HJgeBFS7eIVwXMYlQfRarEeOpsYpan_OKXxBzda5VpImwzo5ao.QZftxTYEYukgwV_hH1kguEaZOea2GNsPYPTtniIdUWzwV5lJw3fbvfF1ByWkGtYAqMLgeP2PNSUNEliyBA4RVsq1WwmGiD8nti7Z03RT1TjBwH4q55eOKLE1sulYj.dQz1m4Kll5MHy0WVjplKAcfUdnnfCqGRR7ODpXlR3H_NHXuVaVsN6gQK9ca2dlvh6rUHngHR9ZpTsVxsJwdHziT40_bfN2Lx2raj0vBg8UlX5itkq.U9xfdie2CM3MMvfSqZ3aAKv9zDQPM6jlJguSxOI8J4tHuvcrLxBszhcm1POhjNXWKMYwPXu2d7jJBDZYi_sIZA_Yggfq0TXtu5jxT.tJXGB8bFopUxD3zsoDP1TreL.0dADIF8UjzILfYv9Ux8XQ.VXgKC9fdFgSFWj2bDD92bL8EVF8Qbr8KEZ3fAZFlE9gPiMXUEDc_McO0LgyNByqIzN7hcRbQ3dYCPIcAtLQjnWiOmZt1L7awJ5rKRCgAU.2V3hnAN5Wko_4bWs.T_1.Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136e1a97e32fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=seed%20bug&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZIv6qm0ix6NsssB5ERCTnC68zRM9LsaTTsFfu8yXc20-1739806885-1.0.1.1-drkUNpt5XqTLeYlldP.pHYZazw6l_KpH0t_4SIklt.0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>