Cyclothymic Disorder | Psychology Today Singapore

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-SG" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/FAQPage"> <head> <title>Cyclothymic Disorder | Psychology Today Singapore</title> <meta charset="utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" /> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"":"Psychology Today","entityLangcode":"en","page_type":"node","drupal_node_type":"reference","drupal_node_nid":"15588","drupal_node_title":"Cyclothymic Disorder","userUid":0,"event":"drupal_node_view","ContentWeb":"Conditions"});</script> <meta name="description" content="Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, is a form of bipolar disorder characterized by distinct episodes of hypomanic symptoms (elevated mood and euphoria) and depressive symptoms over a period of at least two years. The mood fluctuations are not sufficient in number, severity, or duration to meet the full criteria for a hypomanic or depressive episode, but they are present more than 50 percent of the time and no more than two months elapse without symptoms. Cyclothymia is sometimes unofficially referred to as "Bipolar III."" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/conditions/cyclothymic-disorder" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Psychology Today" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/conditions/cyclothymic-disorder" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Cyclothymic Disorder" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, is a form of bipolar disorder characterized by distinct episodes of hypomanic symptoms (elevated mood and euphoria) and depressive symptoms over a period of at least two years. The mood fluctuations are not sufficient in number, severity, or duration to meet the full criteria for a hypomanic or depressive episode, but they are present more than 50 percent of the time and no more than two months elapse without symptoms. 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href="/sg/conditions">Conditions</a></span>  >  <span class="breadcrumb-trail"><a href="/sg/conditions#bipolar-disorders">Bipolar Disorders</a></span>  >  <span class="breadcrumb-trail">Cyclothymic Disorder</span> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="outer-layout-container"> <main class="layout-content layout-container" > <div class="layout-content-full"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--grid layout-container--primary-left-rail--single"> <div class="layout-content-main"> <div> <div id="block-pt-content" class="block">     <article data-history-node-id="15588" role="article" class="basics-full"> <div class="content-header d-flex reference-header"> <div class="content-header--text"> <h1 class="reference__title section-title">Cyclothymic Disorder</h1> <p class="reference__review-info fine-print"> <a href="/sg/docs/editorial-process" class="reference__review-info-link"> <span class="reference__review-info-icon"></span> <span class="reference__review-info-text">Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff</span> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="reference__body"> <div class="field-name-body"> <p>Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, is a form of <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/bipolar-disorder" title="Psychology Today looks at bipolar disorder" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">bipolar disorder</a> characterized by distinct episodes of hypomanic symptoms (elevated mood and euphoria) and depressive symptoms over a period of at least two years. The mood fluctuations are not sufficient in number, severity, or duration to meet the full criteria for a hypomanic or depressive episode, but they are present more than 50 percent of the time and no more than two months elapse without symptoms. Cyclothymia is sometimes unofficially referred to as "Bipolar III."</p> <p><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/hypomania" title="Psychology Today looks at Hypomania" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">Hypomania</a> involves periods of elevated mood, euphoria, and excitement but does not disconnect a person from reality. A person with cyclothymia experiences symptoms of hypomania but not full-blown <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/mania" title="Psychology Today looks at manic episodes" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">manic episodes</a>. Hypomania may feel good to the person who experiences it and may lead to enhanced functioning and <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/productivity" title="Psychology Today looks at productivity" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">productivity</a>. Thus, even when family and friends learn to recognize the mood swings as a possible bipolar disorder, the person may deny that a problem exists. Without proper treatment, however, symptoms can worsen.</p> <p>Approximately 0.4 percent to one percent of people will experience cyclothymia in their lifetime. The disorder usually begins in <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/adolescence" title="Psychology Today looks at adolescence" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">adolescence</a> or early adulthood and is lifelong; effective treatments are available. There is a 15 percent to 50 percent risk that a person with cyclothymic disorder will go on to develop bipolar I or bipolar II disorder, although many people do recover from cyclothymia and do not experience future symptoms of hypomania or <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/depression" title="Psychology Today looks at depression" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">depression</a>. Cyclothymic disorder is equally common in males and females. It may co-occur with substance-use disorder or <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/anxiety" title="Psychology Today looks at anxiety" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">anxiety</a> disorder. </p> </div> </div> <div class="table-of-contents border-top"> <h4 class="table-of-contents--title">Contents</h4> <ul> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#symptoms"> Symptoms </a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#causes"> Causes </a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#treatment"> Treatment </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference__sections"> <div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="symptoms" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Symptoms </div> <div class="section__body"> <p>According to the <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/dsm" title="Psychology Today looks at DSM-5" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">DSM-5</a>, cyclothymic disorder is manifest when, for at least two years (one year for children and adolescents), an individual displays periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms but the mood disturbances do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic or major depressive episode. The mood fluctuations are present more than 50 percent of the time and the person is never symptom-free for more than two consecutive months. The symptoms are not the result of a medical condition or substance use. The condition usually has an insidious onset. </p> <p>Signs and symptoms of hypomania, as cataloged by the DSM-5:</p> <ul><li>A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood </li> <li>An increase in goal-directed activity—sexually, socially, at work, or at school</li> <li>Inflated <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/self-esteem" title="Psychology Today looks at self-esteem" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">self-esteem</a> or grandiosity</li> <li>Decreased need for sleep</li> <li>Talkativeness</li> <li>Racing thoughts, jumping from one idea to another</li> <li>Distractibility, inability to concentrate</li> <li>Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences, such as buying sprees, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/sex" title="Psychology Today looks at sexual" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">sexual</a> indiscretions</li> <li>The episode represents a distinct change in functioning and the changes in mood and behavior are observable by others</li> </ul><p>Depressive symptoms include:</p> <ul><li>Persistent sadness</li> <li>Fatigue or listlessness</li> <li>Excessive sleepiness or, conversely, inability to sleep</li> <li>Loss of <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/appetite" title="Psychology Today looks at appetite" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">appetite</a> and weight loss or overeating and weight gain</li> <li>Loss of self-esteem</li> <li>Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and or <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/guilt" title="Psychology Today looks at guilt" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">guilt</a></li> <li>Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions</li> <li>Withdrawal from friends</li> <li>Withdrawal from activities that were once enjoyed</li> <li>Persistent thoughts of death</li> </ul> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Does cyclothymia have co-occurring disorders? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>It is not uncommon for people with cyclothymic disorder to also have diagnoses of substance-related disorders and sleep disorders. Children with cyclothymic disorder are also more likely to have <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/attention" title="Psychology Today looks at attention" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">attention</a>-deficit-hyperactivity disorder than other pediatric patients. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--2 faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> What is a full-blown manic episode? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>A manic episode is characterized by elevated mood, excitability, and often psychotic symptoms as well. People who experience cyclothymia may have symptoms that resemble mania, however they are shorter, less intense and result in less impairment. Critically, hypomanic symptoms do not experience the <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/psychosis" title="Psychology Today looks at psychosis" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">psychosis</a> that can accompany a full manic episode, therefore the presence of a psychotic symptom is a key differentiator between the two.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pt-ad pt-ad--300x250 d-block d-none d-md-block d-lg-none block" id="block-ad-subpage-300x250-programmatically-rendered"> <div class="pt-ad--container pt-ad-show-text"> <div class="pt-ad--text"> <span>article continues after advertisement</span> </div> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9" class="pt-ad--content"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.googletag && googletag.apiReady) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9'); }); } </script> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="causes" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Causes </div> <div class="section__body"> <p>The cause of cyclothymic disorder is unknown.</p> <p>Hypomanic periods are energizing and can result in <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/productivity" title="Psychology Today looks at productivity" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">productivity</a> for some people, while for others these periods can cause impulsive and callous behavior, which can damage relationships. Because hypomania feels good, people with cyclothymia may not seek treatment.</p> <p>Current scientific evidence suggests there is no single cause of bipolar disorders—rather, many factors act together to produce these conditions. It is known, however, that major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II disorder are more common among close biological relatives of individuals with cyclothymic disorder. However, both <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/genetics" title="Psychology Today looks at genes" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">genes</a> and environmental factors play a role in <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/bipolar-disorder" title="Psychology Today looks at bipolar disorder" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">bipolar disorder</a>. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="treatment" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Treatment </div> <div class="section__body"> <p>Treatment for cyclothymia is similar to treatment for bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. The level of treatment is dependent on the severity of symptoms. </p> <p>Most people with bipolar disorder—even those who suffer the most severe forms—can achieve substantial stabilization of their symptoms with proper treatment. Even in the most severe cases, bipolar disorders are highly treatable conditions. The sooner treatment begins, the greater the likelihood of reducing the severity and frequency of manic and depressive episodes. Because bipolar disorders are lifelong conditions, treatment is also lifelong and aimed not just at treating symptoms when they occur but also at preventing recurrence of symptoms. Most people with bipolar disorders can achieve substantial stabilization of their mood swings and related symptoms.</p> <p>The most effective treatment strategy combines <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/psychopharmacology" title="Psychology Today looks at medication" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">medication</a> and <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/therapy" title="Psychology Today looks at psychotherapy" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">psychotherapy</a>.</p> <p><em>Medications</em></p> <p>While primary-care physicians who do not specialize in <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/psychiatry" title="Psychology Today looks at psychiatry" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">psychiatry</a> may prescribe psychotropic medications, it is recommended that people with bipolar disorder see a psychiatrist for treatment. Several types of medication are commonly used to treat bipolar disorders.</p> <p>Mood stabilizers are generally prescribed to control <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/mania" title="Psychology Today looks at manic episodes" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">manic episodes</a>. Lithium is perhaps the best-known mood stabilizer. It is a mood-stabilizing medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of mania, and it is often very effective in controlling mania and preventing the recurrence of both manic and depressive episodes. Other types of mood stabilizers include the anticonvulsants lamotrigine (Lamictal), valproic acid (Depakene), divalproex sodium (Depakote), and carbamazepine (Tegretol and others). Valproate was FDA-approved in 1995 for the treatment of mania. </p> <p>Anticonvulsant medications may be combined with lithium, or with each other, for maximum effect. Other medications are added when necessary, typically for shorter periods, to treat episodes of mania or <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/depression" title="Psychology Today looks at depression" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">depression</a>.</p> <p>Sometimes treatment with <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/ssris" title="Psychology Today looks at antidepressants" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">antidepressants</a> results in mood-switching, prompting a manic or <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/hypomania" title="Psychology Today looks at hypomanic episode" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">hypomanic episode</a> or rapid cycling. Mood-stabilizing medications generally are required, alone or in combination with antidepressants, to protect against such a switch.</p> <p>Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder generally are treated with lithium, but valproate and carbamazepine are also used.</p> <p>Antipsychotic medications are also often used to help control manic and depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder, and some help to stabilize mood as well. Antipsychotic drugs include olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), and risperidone (Risperdal) among others.</p> <p>If <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/insomnia" title="Psychology Today looks at insomnia" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">insomnia</a> is a problem, a high-potency benzodiazepine medication such as clonazepam or lorazepam may be helpful. However, because these medications may be habit-forming, they are best prescribed short-term. Other types of sedative medications, such as zolpidem, are sometimes used instead.</p> <p>Omega-3 fatty acids found in <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/omega-3" title="Psychology Today looks at fish oil" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">fish oil</a> are under study for their usefulness, alone or when added to conventional medications, for long-term treatment of bipolar disorder.</p> <p>Effective <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/leadership" title="Psychology Today looks at management" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">management</a> of cyclothymia may involve changes to the treatment plan at various times over the course of illness. Any changes in type or dose of medication should be made under the guidance of a psychiatrist. To avoid adverse reactions, patients should tell the psychiatrist about all other prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, or natural supplements they may be taking. </p> <p>People with a bipolar disorder, particularly those with rapid mood cycling, often have abnormal thyroid gland function. Because too much or too little thyroid <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/hormones" title="Psychology Today looks at hormone" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">hormone</a> alone can lead to mood and energy changes, thyroid levels are usually carefully monitored by a physician. Lithium treatment may cause low thyroid levels in some people, resulting in the need for thyroid supplementation.</p> <p>All medications have side effects. Depending on the medication, side effects may include weight gain, nausea, tremors, reduced sex drive, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/anxiety" title="Psychology Today looks at anxiety" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">anxiety</a>, hair loss, movement problems, or dry mouth. Getting the right balance of treatment benefits may require a physician-monitored adjustment in dosage or type of medication. Medication should not be changed or stopped without the psychiatrist's guidance.</p> <p><em>Psychotherapy</em></p> <p>Studies have documented that several kinds of psychotherapy provided to patients and their families can lead to increased mood stability, fewer hospitalizations, and improved functioning in several areas. Psychotherapeutic interventions commonly used for bipolar disorder are <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/cognitive-behavioral-therapy" title="Psychology Today looks at cognitive behavioral" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">cognitive behavioral</a> therapy, psychoeducation, family therapy, and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT). IPSRT emphasizes the importance of establishing stable daily patterns of <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/sleep" title="Psychology Today looks at sleeping" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">sleeping</a> and waking, as prolonged wakefulness is a known trigger for manic episodes.</p> <p>A licensed psychologist, social worker, or counselor typically provides such therapies and often works in concert with the psychiatrist to monitor patient progress. Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps people with bipolar disorder learn to change inappropriate or negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with the illness.</p> <p>Psychoeducation involves teaching people with bipolar disorder about the condition and its treatment and how to recognize signs of <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/relapse" title="Psychology Today looks at relapse" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">relapse</a> so that early intervention can be sought before a full-blown episode occurs. Psychoeducation is also often helpful for family members.</p> <p>Family therapy helps reduce the level of family distress that may contribute to or result from the ill person's symptoms.</p> <p>Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy helps people with bipolar disorder both to improve relationships and to regulate daily routines. Maintaining a daily routine and sleep schedule can help protect against manic episodes.</p> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Does tracking mood symptoms help? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Keeping a chart of daily mood symptoms, treatments, sleep patterns, and life events can help. Such tracking has been shown to help patients and their families to better understand and manage the illness; mood changes can often be spotted in time to prevent a full-blown episode. Even when there are no breaks in treatment, mood changes can occur and should be reported immediately to the doctor, who may make adjustments to the treatment plan. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--2 faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Do mood-stabilizing medications affect a developing fetus? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Women with bipolar disorder who wish to conceive or who become <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/pregnancy" title="Psychology Today looks at pregnant" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">pregnant</a> face special challenges due to the possible effects of mood-stabilizing medications on the developing fetus and the nursing infant. A skilled clinician can help such women weigh the benefits and risks of all available treatment options.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="reference__citations section--separator"> <h5>References</h5> <div class="citations"> <div class="citation citation--1"> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition </div> <div class="citation citation--2"> Miklowitz, David. The Bipolar Disorder Survival Guide, Third Edition. 2019. Guilford Press, 444 pages. </div> <div class="citation citation--3"> National Institutes of Health </div> <div class="citation citation--4"> National Institutes of Mental Health, Genetics Workgroup 聽 </div> <div class="citation citation--5"> US Public Heath Service, Office of Surgeon General </div> </div> <div class="revision-current">Last updated: 03/10/2022 </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="layout-content-left-rail--first" role="complementary"> <div> <div id="block-conditionsnavigation" class="block index-page-menu"> <article> <div class="h2 index-page-menu--title"> Diagnosis Dictionary </div> <div class="index-page-menu--image hero--image"> <img src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/index_page_navigation_image/public/2021-06/conditions-shutterstock-1696550344_0.jpg?itok=XiF2PjYS" width="519" height="198" alt="Decorative Image" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="index-page-menu--items"> <div class="views-element-container"><div 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">Co-Occurring Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/depressive-disorders" title="Depressive Disorders ">Depressive Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder-dysthymia" title="Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) ">Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/postpartum-disorder" title="Postpartum Disorder ">Postpartum Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/prolonged-grief-disorder" title="Prolonged Grief Disorder ">Prolonged Grief Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder" title="Seasonal Affective Disorder ">Seasonal Affective Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/visual-snow" title="Visual Snow ">Visual Snow</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Dissociation</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/depersonalizationderealization-disorder" title="Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder ">Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dissociative-amnesia" title="Dissociative Amnesia ">Dissociative Amnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dissociative-fugue-psychogenic-fugue" title="Dissociative Fugue (Psychogenic Fugue) ">Dissociative Fugue (Psychogenic Fugue)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder" title="Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder) ">Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Eating Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/anorexia-nervosa" title="Anorexia Nervosa ">Anorexia Nervosa</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/arfid-avoidant-restrictive-food-intake-disorder" title="ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder) ">ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/binge-eating-disorder-compulsive-overeating" title="Binge-Eating Disorder (Compulsive Overeating) ">Binge-Eating Disorder (Compulsive Overeating)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/bulimia-nervosa" title="Bulimia Nervosa ">Bulimia Nervosa</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/eating-disorders" title="Eating Disorders ">Eating Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/obesity" title="Obesity ">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/pica" title="Pica ">Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/rumination-disorder" title="Rumination Disorder ">Rumination Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Impulse Control Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/intermittent-explosive-disorder" title="Intermittent Explosive Disorder ">Intermittent Explosive Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/kleptomania" title="Kleptomania ">Kleptomania</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/oppositional-defiant-disorder" title="Oppositional Defiant Disorder ">Oppositional Defiant Disorder </a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/pyromania" title="Pyromania ">Pyromania</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Movement Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/developmental-coordination-disorder" title="Developmental Coordination Disorder ">Developmental Coordination Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/parkinsons-disease" title="Parkinson's Disease ">Parkinson's Disease</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/persistent-chronic-motor-or-vocal-tic-disorder" title="Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder ">Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/provisional-tic-disorder" title="Provisional Tic Disorder ">Provisional Tic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/stereotypic-movement-disorder" title="Stereotypic Movement Disorder ">Stereotypic Movement Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/tourettes-disorder" title="Tourette's Disorder ">Tourette's Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Neurocognitive Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/alzheimers-disease" title="Alzheimer's Disease ">Alzheimer's Disease</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyscalculia" title="Dyscalculia ">Dyscalculia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dysgraphia" title="Dysgraphia ">Dysgraphia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyslexia" title="Dyslexia ">Dyslexia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyspraxia" title="Dyspraxia ">Dyspraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/frontotemporal-dementia" title="Frontotemporal Dementia ">Frontotemporal Dementia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/intellectual-disability-intellectual-developmental-disorder" title="Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) ">Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/lewy-body-dementia" title="Lewy Body Dementia ">Lewy Body Dementia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/neurocognitive-disorders-mild-and-major" title="Neurocognitive Disorders (Mild and Major) ">Neurocognitive Disorders (Mild and Major)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dermatillomania-skin-picking" title="Dermatillomania (Skin Picking) ">Dermatillomania (Skin Picking)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hoarding-disorder" title="Hoarding Disorder ">Hoarding Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder" title="Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ">Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/onychophagia-nail-biting" title="Onychophagia (Nail Biting) ">Onychophagia (Nail Biting)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/trichotillomania-hair-pulling" title="Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling) ">Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Personality</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/antisocial-personality-disorder" title="Antisocial Personality Disorder ">Antisocial Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/avoidant-personality-disorder" title="Avoidant Personality Disorder ">Avoidant Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder" title="Borderline Personality Disorder ">Borderline Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dependent-personality-disorder" title="Dependent Personality Disorder ">Dependent Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/histrionic-personality-disorder" title="Histrionic Personality Disorder ">Histrionic Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/malingering" title="Malingering ">Malingering</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder" title="Narcissistic Personality Disorder ">Narcissistic Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder" title="Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder ">Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/paranoid-personality-disorder" title="Paranoid Personality Disorder ">Paranoid Personality Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Psychosis/Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/brief-psychotic-disorder" title="Brief Psychotic Disorder ">Brief Psychotic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/catatonia" title="Catatonia ">Catatonia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/delusional-disorder" title="Delusional Disorder ">Delusional Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hallucinogen-persisting-perception-disorder" title="Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) ">Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) </a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/paranoid-personality-disorder" title="Paranoid Personality Disorder ">Paranoid Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/psychotic-disorder-due-another-medical-condition" title="Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition ">Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/schizoaffective-disorder" title="Schizoaffective Disorder ">Schizoaffective Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/schizoid-personality-disorder" title="Schizoid Personality Disorder ">Schizoid Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia ">Schizophrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/schizophreniform-disorder" title="Schizophreniform Disorder ">Schizophreniform Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/schizotypal-personality-disorder" title="Schizotypal Personality Disorder ">Schizotypal Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/substancemedication-induced-psychotic-disorder" title="Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder ">Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Sexuality</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/erectile-disorder" title="Erectile Disorder ">Erectile Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism ">Exhibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/fetishistic-disorder" title="Fetishistic Disorder ">Fetishistic Disorder </a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/frotteuristic-disorder" title="Frotteuristic Disorder ">Frotteuristic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/gender-dysphoria" title="Gender Dysphoria ">Gender Dysphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/genito-pelvic-pain-or-penetration-disorder-sexual-pain-disorder" title="Genito-Pelvic Pain or Penetration Disorder (Sexual Pain Disorder) ">Genito-Pelvic Pain or Penetration Disorder (Sexual Pain Disorder)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hypersexuality-sex-addiction" title="Hypersexuality (Sex Addiction) ">Hypersexuality (Sex Addiction)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/orgasmic-disorder" title="Orgasmic Disorder ">Orgasmic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/paraphilias" title="Paraphilias ">Paraphilias</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/pedophilia" title="Pedophilia ">Pedophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sexual-desire-disorder" title="Sexual Desire Disorder ">Sexual Desire Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sexual-masochism-disorder" title="Sexual Masochism Disorder ">Sexual Masochism Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sexual-sadism-disorder" title="Sexual Sadism Disorder ">Sexual Sadism Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/transvestic-disorder" title="Transvestic Disorder ">Transvestic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/voyeuristic-disorder" title="Voyeuristic Disorder ">Voyeuristic Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Sleep Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/circadian-rhythm-sleep-wake-disorders" title="Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders ">Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hypersomnolence" title="Hypersomnolence ">Hypersomnolence</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/insomnia" title="Insomnia ">Insomnia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy ">Narcolepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/nightmares" title="Nightmares ">Nightmares</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/non-rapid-eye-movement-sleep-arousal-disorders" title="Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders ">Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/rapid-eye-movement-sleep-behavior-disorder" title="Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder ">Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/restless-legs-syndrome" title="Restless Legs Syndrome ">Restless Legs Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sleep-apnea" title="Sleep Apnea ">Sleep Apnea</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sleep-related-hypoventilation" title="Sleep-Related Hypoventilation ">Sleep-Related Hypoventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sleepwalking" title="Sleepwalking ">Sleepwalking</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Somatization</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/conversion-disorder" title="Conversion Disorder ">Conversion Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/factitious-disorder-munchausen-syndrome" title="Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome) ">Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder" title="Illness Anxiety Disorder ">Illness Anxiety Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/somatic-symptom-disorder" title="Somatic Symptom Disorder ">Somatic Symptom Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="pt-ad pt-ad--300x250 d-none d-lg-block d-xl-block block" id="block-adblock-8"> <div class="pt-ad--container pt-ad-show-text"> <div class="pt-ad--text"> <span>advertisement</span> </div> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1391201642419-0" class="pt-ad--content"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.googletag && googletag.apiReady) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1391201642419-0'); }); } </script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-resourcesblock-3" class="block"> <article data-history-node-id="15588" role="article" class="resources block-border"> <div class="resources--header"> <div class="h2 resources--title"> Cyclothymic Disorder Resources </div> </div> <div class="resources--section resources--section--get-help"> <div class="h3"> <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/counselling?category=bipolar-disorder" title=""> Get Help </a> </div> <p class="resources--cta">Find a therapist who can help with bipolar disorder</p> <div class="country country--resources-search"> <form action="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/counselling?category=bipolar-disorder" method="GET" class="find-therapist--resources-form" target="_top"> <div class="container-fat__callout_form" data-search-suggest="sussex" data-placeholder="City or Postcode" data-size="medium" data-section-icons="false" data-mobile-fullscreen="true" data-suggestions-url="https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/search/suggestions?query={query}&attributes[0]=168&country-code=sg" data-search-url="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/counselling?category=bipolar-disorder&search={query}" data-input-aria-label="Search input text" data-button-aria-label="Search button"> <div class="search td-search 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<div class="resources--section"> <div class="h3">Diagnosis</div> <ul class="list-style-none"> <li class="list-style-none--item"> <a href="/sg/conditions/bipolar-disorder" title="Diagnosis: Bipolar Disorder">Bipolar Disorder</a> </li> <li class="list-style-none--item"> <a href="/sg/conditions/depressive-disorders" title="Diagnosis: Depressive Disorders">Depressive Disorders</a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> <div class="pt-ad pt-ad--300x600 d-none d-lg-block d-xl-block block" id="block-adblock-9"> <div class="pt-ad--container pt-ad-show-text"> <div class="pt-ad--text"> <span>advertisement</span> </div> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9" class="pt-ad--content"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.googletag && googletag.apiReady) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9'); }); } </script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-findatherapistreferenceblock-3" class="block"> <div class="country find-therapist"> <div 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