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Science Publishing Group: an International Academic Publisher

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Science Publishing Group: an International Academic Publisher</title> <meta name="description" content="Science Publishing Group is an international publisher of journals, special issues, books and conferences, covering a wide range of academic disciplines."> <meta name="Keywords" content="scientific current events | academic journals | peer reviewed journals | peer reviewed journal articles"> <script src="/js/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <head> <title></title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/font.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/common.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/selectJournalForm.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/all.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/problem_feedback.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <script 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target="_blank">Plant</a></p> <p class="info_item">ISSN Online: 2331-0677</p> <div class="operate_button recommend_journal_btn clearfix"> <a href="/journal/211/become-a-reviewer" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-user-tie"></i><span>Become a Reviewer</span> </a> <a href="/journal/211/submission" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-file-edit"></i><span>Submit an Article</span> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="double_box clearfix"> <div class="journal_cover"> <a href="/journal/218/home" target="_blank"> <img src="http://image.sciencepg.com/journal/218.gif"> </a> </div> <div class="journal_info"> <p class="journal_title"><a href="/journal/218/home" target="_blank">American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry</a></p> <p class="info_item">ISSN Online: 2330-8591</p> <div class="operate_button recommend_journal_btn clearfix"> <a href="/journal/218/become-a-reviewer" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-user-tie"></i><span>Become a Reviewer</span> </a> <a href="/journal/218/submission" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-file-edit"></i><span>Submit an Article</span> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="journal_cover"> <a href="/journal/387/home" target="_blank"> <img src="http://image.sciencepg.com/journal/387.gif"> </a> </div> <div class="journal_info"> <p class="journal_title"><a href="/journal/387/home" target="_blank">Advances in Applied Physiology</a></p> <p class="info_item">ISSN Online: 2471-9714</p> <div class="operate_button recommend_journal_btn clearfix"> <a href="/journal/387/become-a-reviewer" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-user-tie"></i><span>Become a Reviewer</span> </a> <a href="/journal/387/submission" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-file-edit"></i><span>Submit an Article</span> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="double_box clearfix"> <div class="journal_cover"> <a href="/journal/118/home" target="_blank"> <img 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recommend_journal_btn clearfix"> <a href="/journal/116/become-a-reviewer" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-user-tie"></i><span>Become a Reviewer</span> </a> <a href="/journal/116/submission" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-file-edit"></i><span>Submit an Article</span> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="double_box clearfix"> <div class="journal_cover"> <a href="/journal/153/home" target="_blank"> <img src="http://image.sciencepg.com/journal/153.gif"> </a> </div> <div class="journal_info"> <p class="journal_title"><a href="/journal/153/home" target="_blank">International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences</a></p> <p class="info_item">ISSN Online: 2327-2716</p> <div class="operate_button recommend_journal_btn clearfix"> <a href="/journal/153/become-a-reviewer" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas fa-user-tie"></i><span>Become a Reviewer</span> </a> <a href="/journal/153/submission" class="btn_name2" target="_blank"> <i class="fas 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The ideas generated during the conference can be developed into articles or abstracts for publication.</p> <div class="home_service"> <ul class="clearfix"> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="service_img"> <img src="/img/home_service_img1.png"> </div> <div class="service_info"> <p class="service_title"><a href="https://www.academicevents.org/organize-an-event" target="_blank">Organize Your Event</a></p> <p class="service_p">Find the customized support to host a successful event</p> <a href="https://www.academicevents.org/organize-an-event" target="_blank" class="service_btn">Start Your Event</a> </div> </li> <li class="clearfix double_box"> <div class="service_img"> <img src="/img/home_service_img2.png"> </div> <div class="service_info"> <p class="service_title"><a href="https://www.academicevents.org/conference-publications" target="_blank">Publishing Service</a></p> <p class="service_p">Free you from the burden of managing conference outputs</p> <a href="https://www.academicevents.org/conference-publications" target="_blank" class="service_btn">View More Information</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recommend_articles"> <div class="content"> <div class="first_title"> Recent Articles </div> <div class="recommend_articles_list"> <ul> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="article_container"> <span class="type">Research Article</span> <img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa_icon"> <p class="article_title"><a href="/article/10.11648/j.ajnna.20241002.11" target="_blank">Automated Lunar Surface Image Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Geological Feature Detection </a></p> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <p class="authors"> <span>J M Raisul Islam Shohag</span><sup>*</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1467-8392" class="orcid_link" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a> </p> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1"> <a href="/journal/339/home" target="_blank"> <i>American Journal of Neural Networks and Applications</i></a>, <span target="_blank">Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2024</span> </div> <div class="col_2">Pages: 27-35</div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnna.20241002.11" target="_blank">10.11648/j.ajnna.20241002.11</a></div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_3">Published: 31 October 2024</div> </div> <div class="abstract"> <span class="all" style="display: none;">Abstract: Robotic rovers have vastly expanded our understanding of the lunar surface, providing detailed imagery crucial for scientific research and future exploration. However, manually classifying this imagery is time-consuming and prone to errors, necessitating automated solutions. Automated classification of lunar surface imagery is vital for efficient data analysis, site selection for future missions, and advancing lunar exploration. Developing accurate and efficient image classification systems tailored for lunar terrain is thus imperative. The objective of this study is to develop and assess an image classification system utilizing Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) specifically for lunar surface images. The aim is to achieve high accuracy and efficiency in identifying geological features such as craters and dunes, as observed by robotic rovers. A curated dataset of lunar surface images was partitioned into training, testing, and validation subsets. DCNNs models were trained on the training dataset and evaluated using testing and validation datasets. Hyperparameter tuning and optimization techniques were employed to enhance model performance. The classification system based on DCNNs showed promising outcomes. Model B and F achieved an accuracy of 91.1%, while Model A and D achieved 87.5%. Model C attained an accuracy of 89.3%, and Model E reached 83.9%. Visualizations of training and validation metrics revealed distinct performance patterns across models, highlighting the potential for further advancements in lunar exploration research. </span> <span class="part">Abstract: Robotic rovers have vastly expanded our understanding of the lunar surface, providing detailed imagery crucial for scientific research and future exploration. However, manually classifying this imagery is time-consuming and prone to errors, necessitating automated solutions. Automated classification of lunar surface imagery is vital for efficient data analysis, site selection for future missions, and advancing lunar exploration. Developing accurate and efficient image classification systems tailored for lunar terra...</span> <span class="more" style="text-decoration: underline;">Show More</span> </div> <div class="operate_button clearfix"> <a href="javascript:;" class="left" onclick="downLoadArticle(10093104, &quot;https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &#39;.spanDownloads&#39;, &quot;https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &quot;pdf\/j.ajnna.20241002.11&quot;, true)" > <div> <span class="buttton_icon download"><i class="fas fa-arrow-down" /></i></span><span class="btn_name">Download PDF</span> </div> </a> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.ajnna.20241002.11" class="left" target="_blank"> <div> <span class="buttton_icon view"><i class="fas fa-eye"></i></span><span class="btn_name">View Online</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="article_container"> <span class="type">Research Article</span> <img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa_icon"> <p class="article_title"><a href="/article/10.11648/j.jpsir.20240704.11" target="_blank">A Sociopolitical Approach to Disinformation and AI: Concerns, Responses and Challenges </a></p> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <p class="authors"> <span>Pascaline Gaborit</span><sup>*</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3447-1033" class="orcid_link" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a> </p> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1"> <a href="/journal/304/home" target="_blank"> <i>Journal of Political Science and International Relations</i></a>, <span target="_blank">Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2024</span> </div> <div class="col_2">Pages: 75-88</div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jpsir.20240704.11" target="_blank">10.11648/j.jpsir.20240704.11</a></div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_3">Published: 31 October 2024</div> </div> <div class="abstract"> <span class="all" style="display: none;">Abstract: International organizations classify disinformation as one of the main threats to democracy and institutions for more than a decade. Digital technologies reinvent and profoundly transform modern lifestyles, citizens’ and business environments. AI is bringing a new disruption in the way we access knowledge and create, spread and understand information. It can also blur the lines between real information and manipulated information with the emergence of ‘Fake News’, automatic networks’ cross referencing, and ‘Deep Fakes’. AI systems enhance the potential for creating realistic fake content and targeted disinformation campaigns. Disinformation goes beyond simple rumors to deliberately deceive and distort evidence-based information through fabricated data. European institutions have also recently focused on the identification of disinformation linked to FIMI: Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference. The article identifies trends and concerns related to disinformation and AI. It explores the perception of disinformation, its impacts, and responses including the EU AI Act and online Platforms’ policies. It provides a first analytical approach to the topic based on the current debates by researchers, the first findings of our 2024 surveys, interviews and the analysis of hundreds of online fake news items. It attempts to understand how citizens and stakeholders perceive disinformation and identifies possible impacts. It also analyzes the current challenges and constraints, opportunities and limitations to tackle manipulation and interference. The article considers the current processes, and impacts of disinformation (2), the presentation of the main findings of our online survey on the perceptions of disinformation (3), the current EU regulatory responses (4) and the Discussion Points (5). We argue in this article that there is a gigantic change in the way that we access information, but that the responses to disinformation are still at an early stage. The article also demonstrates that there is an increased awareness in European countries about the impacts of disinformation, but also a gap between the ability to identify "fake news" and disinformation, and a limited understanding of the processes, threats, and actors involved in spreading disinformation. </span> <span class="part">Abstract: International organizations classify disinformation as one of the main threats to democracy and institutions for more than a decade. Digital technologies reinvent and profoundly transform modern lifestyles, citizens’ and business environments. AI is bringing a new disruption in the way we access knowledge and create, spread and understand information. It can also blur the lines between real information and manipulated information with the emergence of ‘Fake News’, automatic networks’ cross referencing, and ‘Deep Fa...</span> <span class="more" style="text-decoration: underline;">Show More</span> </div> <div class="operate_button clearfix"> <a href="javascript:;" class="left" onclick="downLoadArticle(10093250, &quot;https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &#39;.spanDownloads&#39;, &quot;https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &quot;pdf\/j.jpsir.20240704.11&quot;, true)" > <div> <span class="buttton_icon download"><i class="fas fa-arrow-down" /></i></span><span class="btn_name">Download PDF</span> </div> </a> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.jpsir.20240704.11" class="left" target="_blank"> <div> <span class="buttton_icon view"><i class="fas fa-eye"></i></span><span class="btn_name">View Online</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="article_container"> <span class="type">Research Article</span> <img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa_icon"> <p class="article_title"><a href="/article/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241203.12" target="_blank">The Role of 18F-FDG PET in the Diagnosis of Aortitis and Large Vessel Vasculitis </a></p> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <p class="authors"> <span>Abrar Bafail</span><sup>*</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0806-1951" class="orcid_link" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a>, <span>Thibaut Carsuzaa</span><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4024-3543" class="orcid_link" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a>, <span>Floriane Legot</span>, <span>Maria-Joao Santiago-Ribeiro</span><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-328X" class="orcid_link" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a> </p> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1"> <a href="/journal/156/home" target="_blank"> <i>International Journal of Medical Imaging</i></a>, <span target="_blank">Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024</span> </div> <div class="col_2">Pages: 73-81</div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241203.12" target="_blank">10.11648/j.ijmi.20241203.12</a></div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_3">Published: 18 October 2024</div> </div> <div class="abstract"> <span class="all" style="display: none;">Abstract: Background: 18F-FDG PET metabolic imaging provides significant help in the early diagnosis of inflammation of large and medium arteries, even before the appearance of structural vascular alterations. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of 18F-FDG PET in the diagnosis and management of large vessel vasculitis (LVV), including aortitis. Methodology: Fifty patients with clinical and/or biological suspicion of large vessel vasculitis but without a definitive diagnosis underwent 18F-FDG PET scanning. A qualitative visual scoring system and an average total vascular score (TVS) were used to compare 18F-FDG uptake in the vascular walls with that in the liver. Patients who had been on corticosteroids for more than 8 days were excluded from the study. Results: The study included 50 patients, 27 women and 23 men, with an average age of 65.8 ± 14.5 years. The analysis of 18F-FDG PET images allowed for the classification of subjects into two distinct groups. Among the 50 subjects, 16 (32%) showed higher 18F-FDG uptake in the vascular walls compared to hepatic uptake (PET-positive group), while 34 (68%) showed lower uptake (PET-negative group). In the positive group, 75% were diagnosed with Horton’s disease, and the remaining 25% with other inflammatory diseases such as Takayasu arteritis or polyarteritis nodosa. None of the subjects in the positive group had an aortic aneurysm. All patients with a positive 18F-FDG PET had elevated levels of C-reactive protein. The TVS obtained for aortitis alone was 5.9 ± 4.7, while the score for more global vasculitis was obviously higher, at 10.4 ± 6.3. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET has become a valuable tool in the diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis, particularly in the early stages of the disease. It also allows for mapping of arterial involvement and estimation of disease severity using the TVS. </span> <span class="part">Abstract: Background: 18F-FDG PET metabolic imaging provides significant help in the early diagnosis of inflammation of large and medium arteries, even before the appearance of structural vascular alterations. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of 18F-FDG PET in the diagnosis and management of large vessel vasculitis (LVV), including aortitis. Methodology: Fifty patients with clinical and/or biological suspicion of large vessel vasculitis but without a definitive diagnosis underwent 18F-FDG PET scanning. A qu...</span> <span class="more" style="text-decoration: underline;">Show More</span> </div> <div class="operate_button clearfix"> <a href="javascript:;" class="left" onclick="downLoadArticle(10091418, &quot;https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &#39;.spanDownloads&#39;, &quot;https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &quot;pdf\/j.ijmi.20241203.12&quot;, true)" > <div> <span class="buttton_icon download"><i class="fas fa-arrow-down" /></i></span><span class="btn_name">Download PDF</span> </div> </a> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241203.12" class="left" target="_blank"> <div> <span class="buttton_icon view"><i class="fas fa-eye"></i></span><span class="btn_name">View Online</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="article_container"> <span class="type">Research Article</span> <img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa_icon"> <p class="article_title"><a href="/article/10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.13" target="_blank">Using Illustrated Children’s Book to Strength Fracted / Cracks Identity of (the Israeli) Children </a></p> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <p class="authors"> <span>Baratz Lea</span><sup>*</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9105" class="orcid_link" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a> </p> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1"> <a href="/journal/214/home" target="_blank"> <i>International Journal of Education, Culture and Society</i></a>, <span target="_blank">Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2024</span> </div> <div class="col_2">Pages: 238-245</div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.13" target="_blank">10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.13</a></div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_3">Published: 18 October 2024</div> </div> <div class="abstract"> <span class="all" style="display: none;">Abstract: Illustrations in children's books serve as powerful aesthetic devices to address complex emotions and ideologies, particularly in war-torn regions. These visual narratives act as catalysts for moral, value-based, and political discussions, offering a wordless medium that invites diverse interpretations based on the observer's perspective. This approach creates an open dialogue where there are no absolute right or wrong answers. Children's literature, through its illustrations, becomes a significant agent of socialization. These books impart cultural values, ideological concepts, and political behavior patterns, functioning as tools for establishing culturally responsive pedagogy. The images discussed, while originating from Israeli children's books predating the 2023 conflict, possess a timeless and universal quality that transcends their immediate context. Illustrations in children's books can either complement or diverge from the accompanying text, offering varying degrees of precision or poetic license. They carry cultural connotations that encompass symbols, traditions, beliefs, behaviors, and values unique to a particular society, conveying information beyond the apparent narrative. The inherent power of illustration lies in its ability to communicate directly with young children, often without the need for adult mediation. In preschool literature, illustrations serve multiple functions: they parallel written words, demonstrate abstract concepts, provide concrete representations of characters and settings, emphasize or contradict textual elements, and expand the narrative through visual elements not present in the text. Moreover, illustrations possess a psychological-therapeutic function, contributing to indirect treatment techniques. Like all visual representations, they embody simplified messages and shape recognition, conveyed formally and tangibly, with each element having both conscious and unconscious effects on the Therapeutic visual qualities in illustrated books aim to capture emotional nuances, intensify expressions of feeling, and convey concepts that may be challenging to express verbally. This is achieved through original solutions such as symbolism and creative visual metaphors. In conclusion, illustrations in children's books, particularly those addressing complex themes like war and fear, offer a unique and powerful medium for fostering understanding, encouraging dialogue, and providing emotional support. Their ability to transcend linguistic and cultural barriers makes them invaluable tools in shaping young minds and addressing challenging societal issues. </span> <span class="part">Abstract: Illustrations in children's books serve as powerful aesthetic devices to address complex emotions and ideologies, particularly in war-torn regions. These visual narratives act as catalysts for moral, value-based, and political discussions, offering a wordless medium that invites diverse interpretations based on the observer's perspective. This approach creates an open dialogue where there are no absolute right or wrong answers. Children's literature, through its illustrations, becomes a significant agent of sociali...</span> <span class="more" style="text-decoration: underline;">Show More</span> </div> <div class="operate_button clearfix"> <a href="javascript:;" class="left" onclick="downLoadArticle(10092301, &quot;https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &#39;.spanDownloads&#39;, &quot;https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &quot;pdf\/j.ijecs.20240905.13&quot;, true)" > <div> <span class="buttton_icon download"><i class="fas fa-arrow-down" /></i></span><span class="btn_name">Download PDF</span> </div> </a> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.13" class="left" target="_blank"> <div> <span class="buttton_icon view"><i class="fas fa-eye"></i></span><span class="btn_name">View Online</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="article_container"> <span class="type">Research Article</span> <img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa_icon"> <p class="article_title"><a href="/article/10.11648/j.hss.20241205.17" target="_blank">“In the Footsteps of Our Ancestors” Polish Traditions of Westward Migration Meets Modern Epigenetics of Trauma </a></p> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <p class="authors"> <span>Kornelia Golombek</span><sup>*</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7913-8011" class="orcid_link" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a> </p> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1"> <a href="/journal/208/home" target="_blank"> <i>Humanities and Social Sciences</i></a>, <span target="_blank">Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2024</span> </div> <div class="col_2">Pages: 156-171</div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_1">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20241205.17" target="_blank">10.11648/j.hss.20241205.17</a></div> </div> <div class="info_div clearfix"> <div class="col_3">Published: 10 October 2024</div> </div> <div class="abstract"> <span class="all" style="display: none;">Abstract: For several years, there have been ongoing considerations regarding the interdisciplinary connections between the natural sciences and the humanities. The same holds true for the question as to whether trauma can be inherited biologically as well as culturally. Today, this topic is increasingly steering the scientific debate in the direction of epigenetic research, which currently combines molecular biology and social psychology with their respective hallmarks. Can culture-related traumas be inherited and, if this was possible, can transgenerational consequences of trauma be passed on to subsequent generations? The focus remains on educational and socialization-related conduct as well on biologically inherited processes of how individual deals with their own trauma. Can migration be inherited by subsequent generations via transgenerational transmission of trauma? In order to answer this question, both consequences and causes of the long-running migration from Poland to Western European countries need to be considered. This article thus seeks to establish a connection between now and then, while also focusing on tragic passages in Poland’s history that were characterized by suffering, statelessness, and occupation (until 1989). Consequently, multi-layered and repeated habitus breakages as well as specific Polish “worldviews” may have emerged, which tend to favour migration. The causal links between the transgenerational transmission of such traumas and their causal connections to ongoing migration from Poland to countries such as Germany are addressed by using modern epigenetics. </span> <span class="part">Abstract: For several years, there have been ongoing considerations regarding the interdisciplinary connections between the natural sciences and the humanities. The same holds true for the question as to whether trauma can be inherited biologically as well as culturally. Today, this topic is increasingly steering the scientific debate in the direction of epigenetic research, which currently combines molecular biology and social psychology with their respective hallmarks. Can culture-related traumas be inherited and, if this ...</span> <span class="more" style="text-decoration: underline;">Show More</span> </div> <div class="operate_button clearfix"> <a href="javascript:;" class="left" onclick="downLoadArticle(10092304, &quot;https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &#39;.spanDownloads&#39;, &quot;https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/&quot;, &quot;pdf\/j.hss.20241205.17&quot;, true)" > <div> <span class="buttton_icon download"><i class="fas fa-arrow-down" /></i></span><span class="btn_name">Download PDF</span> </div> </a> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.hss.20241205.17" class="left" target="_blank"> <div> <span class="buttton_icon view"><i class="fas fa-eye"></i></span><span class="btn_name">View Online</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="foot_item" style="width:408px;"> <p class="foot_p"><a href="/about-sciencepg" target="_blank">About Us</a></p> <p class="foot_about"><a href="/about-sciencepg" target="_blank">Science Publishing Group (SciencePG) is an Open Access publisher, with more than 300 online, peer-reviewed journals covering a wide range of academic disciplines.</a></p> <p class="foot_more_link"><a href="/about-sciencepg" target="_blank" class="foot_about_more">Learn More About SciencePG <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></a></p> <div class="foot_logo"> <a href="/" target="_blank"><img src="/img/foot_logo.png"></a> </div> </div> <div class="foot_item"> <p class="foot_p">Products</p> <div class="foot_link"> <ul> <li> <a href="/journals/browse-by-subject" target="_blank">Journals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/special-issues/ongoing" target="_blank">Special Issues</a> </li> <li> <a href="/proceedings" target="_blank">Proceedings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/books" target="_blank">Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.academicevents.org" target="_blank">AcademicEvents</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://scholarprofiles.com/" target="_blank">ScholarProfiles</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="foot_item" style="margin-right: 40px;"> <p class="foot_p">Information</p> <div class="foot_link"> <ul> <li> <a href="/information/for-authors" target="_blank">For Authors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/for-reviewers" target="_blank">For Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/for-editors" target="_blank">For Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/for-conference-organizers" target="_blank">For Conference Organizers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/for-librarians" target="_blank">For Librarians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/article-processing-charges" target="_blank">Article Processing Charges</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="foot_item" style="margin-top:34px;"> <div class="foot_link"> <ul> <li> <a href="/special-issues/guidelines" target="_blank">Special Issues Guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/editorial-process" target="_blank">Editorial Process</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/peer-review-at-sciencepg" target="_blank">Peer Review at SciencePG</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/open-access" target="_blank">Open Access</a> </li> <li> <a href="/information/ethical-guidelines" target="_blank">Ethical Guidelines</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="foot_item double_box"> <p class="foot_p">Important Link</p> <div class="foot_link"> <ul> <li> <a href="/submit-an-article" target="_blank">Manuscript Submission</a> </li> <li> <a href="/special-issues/propose" target="_blank">Propose a Special Issue</a> </li> <li> <a href="/join-us#Join_as_Editorial_Board_Member" target="_blank">Join as Editorial Board Member</a> </li> <li> <a href="/join-us#Become_a_Reviewer" target="_blank">Become a Reviewer</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright">Copyright © 2012 -- 2024 Science Publishing Group – All rights reserved.</div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/countUp.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/home/js/script.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/home/js/home.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/home/js/slider.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/home/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/css/swiper.min.css?v=20241122084834"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/css/banner.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <script src="/js/swiper.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script src="/home/js/banner.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> </body> </html>

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