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In 1795, the city became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. Several historic landmarks of the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Kowdiar_Palace" title="Kowdiar Palace">Kowdiar Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kerala" title="University of Kerala">University of Kerala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Napier_Museum" title="Napier Museum">Napier Museum</a> were built during that period. After independence, <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> was made the capital of the state of Kerala. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_and_Medieval_history">Ancient and Medieval history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thiruvananthapuram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient and Medieval history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TVM_Padmanabhaswamy_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TVM_Padmanabhaswamy_Temple.jpg/220px-TVM_Padmanabhaswamy_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TVM_Padmanabhaswamy_Temple.jpg/330px-TVM_Padmanabhaswamy_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TVM_Padmanabhaswamy_Temple.jpg/440px-TVM_Padmanabhaswamy_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5198" data-file-height="3462" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhaswamy_Temple" title="Padmanabhaswamy Temple">Padmanabhaswamy Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Padmanabhapuram_Clock_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Padmanabhapuram_Clock_Tower.jpg/250px-Padmanabhapuram_Clock_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Padmanabhapuram_Clock_Tower.jpg/375px-Padmanabhapuram_Clock_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Padmanabhapuram_Clock_Tower.jpg/500px-Padmanabhapuram_Clock_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5198" data-file-height="3462" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram_Palace" title="Padmanabhapuram Palace">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to legend, the site of Thiruvananthapuram was once a jungle known as Anantan Kādu, which was home to a <a href="/wiki/Pulayar" title="Pulayar">Pulayar</a> couple who cultivated rice. One day, the wife heard a baby crying as she was weeding. After a search, she found a child so beautiful that she assumed it was divine and was afraid to touch it. She fed the baby some milk and left it in the shade of a tree, whereupon a five-headed cobra appeared, moved the baby to a hole in the tree, and used its hood to shelter the child from the sun. Realizing it was an incarnation of the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, the Pulayar and his wife made offerings of milk and congee in a coconut shell. Once the king of Travancore heard of the baby, he issued orders for the construction of a temple at the location of <a href="/wiki/Padmanabhaswamy_Temple" title="Padmanabhaswamy Temple">Padmanabha swami temple</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_India_in_early_11th_century_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/South_India_in_early_11th_century_AD.jpg/220px-South_India_in_early_11th_century_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/South_India_in_early_11th_century_AD.jpg/330px-South_India_in_early_11th_century_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/South_India_in_early_11th_century_AD.jpg/440px-South_India_in_early_11th_century_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="6142" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> in early 11th century CE (around 1000 CE)</figcaption></figure> <p>The ancient political and cultural history of the city was almost entirely independent from that of the rest of Kerala. The <a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera dynasty</a> governed the area of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> between <a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a> in the south to <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a> in the north. This includes, <a href="/wiki/Palakkad_Gap" title="Palakkad Gap">Palakkad Gap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erode,_Tamil_Nadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Erode, Tamil Nadu">Erode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Salem, Tamil Nadu">Salem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kolli_Hills" title="Kolli Hills">Kolli Hills</a>. The region around <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a> was ruled by the Cheras during <a href="/wiki/Sangam_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangam period">Sangam period</a> between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1st</span> and the 4th centuries CE and it served as the eastern entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Palakkad_Gap" title="Palakkad Gap">Palakkad Gap</a>, the principal trade route between the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trade_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trade-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the southern region of the present-day Kerala state (The coastal belt between Thiruvananthapuram and <a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a>) was under <a href="/wiki/Ay_dynasty" title="Ay dynasty">Ay dynasty</a>, who was more related to the <a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Present-day <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> city, district, and <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_district" title="Kanyakumari district">Kanyakumari district</a>, were parts of <a href="/wiki/Ay_dynasty" title="Ay dynasty">Ay dynasty</a> during ancient and medieval ages, which was a <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> kingdom based in the southernmost part of Indian Subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ay kingdom had experienced attacks and conquests by <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Cholas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandyas</a> in various periods.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, it became a part of <a href="/wiki/Venad" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad">Venad</a> in the late Middle Ages, which was eventually expanded as the powerful kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> in the 18th-century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a>-Dravidian kind of architecture is also found in the Padmanabhaswamy temple, which makes it distinct and unique from the architectural style of temples in northern parts of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-askh_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern-day <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Kerala" title="List of districts of Kerala">Southern Kerala</a> (The districts like Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, etc.) had been ruled by <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamil</a> dynasties such as <a href="/wiki/Ay_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ay kingdom">Ay kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya dynasty</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:302_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:302-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-majumdar407_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-majumdar407-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a long time until 16th-17th century CE. The official language of <a href="/wiki/Venad" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad">Venad</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, was also identified as <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, by the natives of Venad in those times.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The place names, the dialects of <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> spoken, and the customs, those exist in Southern parts of Kerala, still reveal a close relationship with Tamil heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> became more prevalent with the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Venad" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad">Venad</a> into <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> by annexing the regions as far as present-day <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam district</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ays_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ays (Kerala)">Ays</a> was the leading political power till the beginning of the 10th century AD. During the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chera-Chola_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chera-Chola Wars (page does not exist)">Chera-Chola Wars</a> from 999 to 1110 AD, the city of significance was <a href="/wiki/Vizhinjam" title="Vizhinjam">Vizhinjam</a>, which housed a university (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanthalur_Salai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanthalur Salai (page does not exist)">Kanthalur Salai</a>). <a href="/wiki/Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum">Trivandrum</a> housed the famous temple. All of the regions were attacked and sacked by the Chola army, till they were forced to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Kottar" title="Kottar">Kottar</a> in 1110 AD. The disappearance of the Ays synchronised with the emergence of the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Venad" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad">Venad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Thiruvananthapuram_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Thiruvananthapuram-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Venad" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad">Venad</a> rule, the trustees of the temple (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ettarayogam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ettarayogam (page does not exist)">Ettarayogam</a>) became powerful enough to challenge the authority of the rulers. Raja Aditya Varma was poisoned by them, and five out of six children of <a href="/wiki/Umayamma_Rani" title="Umayamma Rani">Umayamma Rani</a> were murdered by them. In 1684, during her regency, the English <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">East India Company</a> obtained a sandy piece of land at <a href="/wiki/Anchuthengu" title="Anchuthengu">Anchuthengu</a> (Anjengo) on the sea coast, about 32 km north of Thiruvananthapuram city, for erecting a factory and fortifying it. The place had earlier been frequented by the Dutch, and later by the British East India Company. It was from here that the English gradually extended their domain to other parts of Thiruvithamcore, anglicised as Travancore. </p><p>During the regency of Umayamma Rani, Travancore was invaded by a <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> adventurer, known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Sirdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mughal Sirdar (page does not exist)">Mughal Sirdar</a>, forcing the Rani to take refuge in <a href="/wiki/Nedumangad" title="Nedumangad">Nedumangad</a>. The Sardar camped in the suburbs of the present-day Trivandrum, till he was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Later_Chera_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Chera Dynasty">Kerala Varma</a>, a prince from the Kottayam royal family, adopted into the Venad royal family. The Rani was brought back in triumph to Trivandrum, but in 1696 AD, Kottayam Kerala Varma was assassinated by the trustees within the precincts of his palace. </p><p>During the reign of another Aditya Varma (1718–1721), the clashes between the royal officials and the temple trustees became more common. Failing to get redress at the hands of the king, the tenants of the temple lands marched to Trivandrum to present their grievances to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogakkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogakkar (page does not exist)">Yogakkar</a> (trustees), indicating the low ebb of the power of the king. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thiruvananthapuram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1733_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_India_-_Geographicus_-_India-homannheirs-1733.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/1733_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_India_-_Geographicus_-_India-homannheirs-1733.jpg/220px-1733_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_India_-_Geographicus_-_India-homannheirs-1733.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/1733_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_India_-_Geographicus_-_India-homannheirs-1733.jpg/330px-1733_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_India_-_Geographicus_-_India-homannheirs-1733.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/1733_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_India_-_Geographicus_-_India-homannheirs-1733.jpg/440px-1733_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_India_-_Geographicus_-_India-homannheirs-1733.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4527" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> drawn by Homann Heirs in 1733. At that time, Travancore was only a small territory wedged between <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>, as shown in the map (present-day districts of <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Trivandrum</a> and Kanyakumari only). The vast region of Malabar Coast between <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a> was under the control of <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a> then. It was in the latter half of the 18th century, that Travancore inherited the kingdoms as far as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Cochin</a> and became a powerful kingdom, and Thiruvananthapuram became a major city of Kerala.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_language_map_of_India_prepared_for_the_missionary_projects_at_Serampore,_1822.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/A_language_map_of_India_prepared_for_the_missionary_projects_at_Serampore%2C_1822.jpg/220px-A_language_map_of_India_prepared_for_the_missionary_projects_at_Serampore%2C_1822.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/A_language_map_of_India_prepared_for_the_missionary_projects_at_Serampore%2C_1822.jpg/330px-A_language_map_of_India_prepared_for_the_missionary_projects_at_Serampore%2C_1822.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/A_language_map_of_India_prepared_for_the_missionary_projects_at_Serampore%2C_1822.jpg/440px-A_language_map_of_India_prepared_for_the_missionary_projects_at_Serampore%2C_1822.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>A language map of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> prepared in 1822.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 18th century CE, the <a href="/wiki/Travancore_royal_family" title="Travancore royal family">Travancore royal family</a> adopted some members from the royal family of <a href="/wiki/Kolathunadu" title="Kolathunadu">Kolathunadu</a> based at <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parappanad" title="Parappanad">Parappanad</a>, based in present-day <a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Maharaja Marthanda Varma</a> who reigned from 1729 to 1758, and who is regarded as the father of modern Travancore, modernised Thiruvananthapuram. <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> became the most dominant state in Kerala by defeating the powerful <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a> in the battle of <a href="/wiki/Purakkad" title="Purakkad">Purakkad</a> in 1755.<sup id="cite_ref-AHoT_162_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHoT_162-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The locals of Thiruvananthapuram supported him against the <a href="/wiki/Ettuveetil_Pillamar" title="Ettuveetil Pillamar">Ettuveetil Pillamar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ettara_Yogam" title="Ettara Yogam">Ettara Yogam</a> when he was the heir-apparent, and when he was attacked by the agents of the trustees, he fled to the safety of Trivandrum, from where he counterattacked. During his reign, he renovated the <a href="/wiki/Padmanabhaswamy_Temple" title="Padmanabhaswamy Temple">Padmanabhaswamy Temple</a> and the walls of the fortress. He also shifted the capital legally from <a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram" title="Padmanabhapuram">Padmanabhapuram</a> to Thiruvananthapuram, which he made a great centre of intellectual and artistic activity. Thiruvananthapuram became a prominent city in Kerala under <a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Marthanda Varma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Online._Encyclopædia_Britannica_Inc_2013_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online._Encyclopædia_Britannica_Inc_2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the annexation of neighboring chiefdoms, the artists and scholars from these places migrated to Trivandrum, turning it into a cultural center. Marthanda Varma gave patronage to different temple art forms including <i>Koothu</i>, <i>Padhakam</i>, <i>Kathakali</i>, <i>Thullal</i>, and <i>Koodiyattam</i>. Noted artists such as <a href="/wiki/Ramapurathu_Warrier" title="Ramapurathu Warrier">Ramapurathu Warrier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunchan_Nambiar" title="Kunchan Nambiar">Kunchan Nambiar</a> amongst others served as his court poets.<sup id="cite_ref-Gauri_Lakshmi_Bayi_1998_152–168_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gauri_Lakshmi_Bayi_1998_152–168-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1791, the <a href="/wiki/English_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English East India Company">English East India Company</a> signed a treaty to protect Travancore from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a> and under its terms was allowed to install a Resident and troops in Thiruvananthapuram. In 1795, Thiruvananthapuram became the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. In 1799, <a href="/wiki/Velu_Thampi_Dalawa" title="Velu Thampi Dalawa">Velu Thampi Dalawa</a>, then a Karyakar of Talakkulam, led a march of the local people to Thiruvananthapuram to protest against the corruption of the King's ministers. The accession of <a href="/wiki/Swathi_Thirunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Swathi Thirunal">Maharaja Swathi Thirunal</a> who reigned from 1829 to 1847, ushered in an epoch of cultural progress and economic prosperity. The beginning of English education was marked in 1834 by the opening of an English school at Thiruvananthapuram. An observatory and a charity hospital were also established in 1836. During the reign of Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Uthram_Thirunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthram Thirunal">Uthram Thirunal</a>, Rev. Mead, an Anglican priest of the London Missionary Society (L.M.S.), was employed by the Maharajah to improve the quality of education. Schools, including one for girls, were started in Thiruvananthapuram. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napier_museum_and_park_walkway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Napier_museum_and_park_walkway.jpg/220px-Napier_museum_and_park_walkway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Napier_museum_and_park_walkway.jpg/330px-Napier_museum_and_park_walkway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Napier_museum_and_park_walkway.jpg/440px-Napier_museum_and_park_walkway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Napier_Museum" title="Napier Museum">Napier Museum</a> was established in 1855.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Moolam_Thirunal" title="Moolam Thirunal">Maharaja Moolam Thirunal</a> (1885–1924), a <a href="/wiki/College_of_Fine_Arts_Trivandrum" title="College of Fine Arts Trivandrum">College of Fine Arts</a> was opened here besides the several <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> schools, all over the State. A large hospital with lying-in-facility and a lunatic asylum were also established in Thiruvananthapuram. The <a href="/wiki/Trivandrum_University_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum University College">Trivandrum University College</a> was started in 1873, with Dr. Read as its principal. A Law class was opened in Thiruvananthapuram in 1874, and the main building of the old Kerala Government Secretariat was designed and constructed by the Maharajah's chief engineer, Mr. Barton. Mr. Barton also improved the sanitation of the city. During the reign of Sri Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924), the Sanskrit College, Ayurveda College, Law College, and a second-grade College for Women were started here. A department for the preservation and publication of oriental manuscripts was also established. </p><p>One of the significant aspects associated with Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunal's reign was the inauguration of the Legislative Council in 1888. This was the first legislative chamber, instituted in an Indian State. The Sri Moolam Assembly came into being in 1904. The activities of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> echoed in Thiruvananthapuram and other parts of Kerala during the reign of Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunal. The Thiruvananthapuram Municipality came into existence in 1920 as the first municipality in <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> region. After two decades, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sree_Chithira_Thirunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Chithira Thirunal">Sree Chithira Thirunal</a>, Thiruvananthapuram Municipality was converted into a Corporation on 30 October 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the regency of Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bai, the college for Women at Trivandrum was raised to the first grade. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Departures_terminal_Trivandrum_International_Airport_Kerala_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Departures_terminal_Trivandrum_International_Airport_Kerala_India.jpg/220px-Departures_terminal_Trivandrum_International_Airport_Kerala_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Departures_terminal_Trivandrum_International_Airport_Kerala_India.jpg/330px-Departures_terminal_Trivandrum_International_Airport_Kerala_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Departures_terminal_Trivandrum_International_Airport_Kerala_India.jpg/440px-Departures_terminal_Trivandrum_International_Airport_Kerala_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Trivandrum_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum International Airport">Trivandrum International Airport</a> was established in 1932</figcaption></figure> <p>A political conference of the Congress was held in the city under the presidency of Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramaiah, in 1938. The period of Maharaja Sri Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma who took the reins of administration in 1931, witnessed many-sided progress. The promulgation of the Temple Entry Proclamation (1936) was an act that underlined social emancipation. In 1937, a separate University for Travancore was started. That was later redesignated as the University of Kerala, following the formation of the State of Kerala in 1956. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Independence_(1947_CE_-_present)"><span id="Post-Independence_.281947_CE_-_present.29"></span>Post-Independence (1947 CE - present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thiruvananthapuram&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-Independence (1947 CE - present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the end of the British rule in 1947, Travancore chose to join the Indian Union. The first people-elected ministry headed by <a href="/wiki/Pattom_Thanu_Pillai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattom Thanu Pillai">Pattom Thanu Pillai</a> was installed in office on 24 March 1948. In 1949, Thiruvananthapuram became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Thiru-Kochi</a>, the state formed by the integration of Travancore with its northern neighbor <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kochi</a>. The king of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chitra_Thirunal_Bala_Rama_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma">Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma</a>, became the <a href="/wiki/Rajpramukh" title="Rajpramukh">Rajpramukh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin Union</a> from 1 July 1949 until 31 October 1956. When the state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> was formed on 1 November 1956, Thiruvananthapuram became its capital. </p><p>With the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station" title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station">Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station</a> (TERLS) in 1962, Thiruvananthapuram became the cradle of India's ambitious space program. The first Indian space rocket was developed and launched from the <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai_Space_Centre" title="Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre">Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre</a> (VSSC) in the outskirts of the city in 1963. Several establishments of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> (ISRO) were later established in Thiruvananthapuram.<sup id="cite_ref-VSSC_Thiruvananthapuram_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSSC_Thiruvananthapuram-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant milestone in the city's recent history was the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Technopark_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Technopark Kerala">Technopark</a>—India's first IT park—in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Technopark_Thiruvananthapuram_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Technopark_Thiruvananthapuram-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technopark has developed into the largest IT park in the geographical area,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> employing around 40,000 people in 300 companies.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Technopark,_Thiruvananthapuram_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Technopark,_Thiruvananthapuram-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thiruvananthapuram&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Trade-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trade_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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New Delhi: Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pandya-dynasty">"Pandya dynasty | Indian dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thiruvananthapuram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corporationoftrivandrum.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D158%26Itemid%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thiruvananthapuram" class="Z3988"></span> Year of becoming a corporation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VSSC_Thiruvananthapuram-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VSSC_Thiruvananthapuram_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426233653/http://www.isro.org/centers/cen_vssc.htm">"VSSC Thiruvananthapuram"</a>. Indian Space Research Organisation. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+IT+Park+in+Kerala&rft.pub=Kerala+State+IT+Mission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keralaitmission.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thiruvananthapuram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GVhMzNSMsLYC&pg=PA350"><i>The digital challenge: information technology in the development context</i></a>. S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technopark%2C+Thiruvananthapuram&rft.pub=Official+Site+of+Kerala+IT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechnopark.org%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Ffrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thiruvananthapuram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Histories_of_Kerala_cities" title="Template:Histories of Kerala cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Histories_of_Kerala_cities" title="Template talk:Histories of Kerala cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Histories_of_Kerala_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Histories of Kerala cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Histories_of_Kerala_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">Histories of Kerala cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kozhikode">Calicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kannur" title="History of Kannur">Cannanore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kochi" title="History of Kochi">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kasaragod" title="History of Kasaragod">Kasargode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malappuram" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kollam" title="History of Kollam">Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thalassery" title="History of Thalassery">Tellicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrissur" title="History of Thrissur">Trichur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trivandrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thiruvananthapuram" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thiruvananthapuram" title="Template:Thiruvananthapuram"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thiruvananthapuram" title="Template talk:Thiruvananthapuram"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thiruvananthapuram" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thiruvananthapuram"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thiruvananthapuram" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel" title="Battle of Colachel">Battle of Colachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">History of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore%E2%80%93Cochin" title="Travancore–Cochin">Travancore–Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhaswamy_Temple_treasure" title="Padmanabhaswamy Temple treasure">Padmanabhaswamy Temple treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Geography of Thiruvananthapuram">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamana_River" title="Karamana River">Karamana River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya_Mala" title="Agastya Mala">Agastya Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimore" title="Brimore">Brimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponmudi" title="Ponmudi">Ponmudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankumugham_Beach" title="Shankumugham Beach">Shankumugham Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyar_Dam" title="Neyyar Dam">Neyyar Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovalam" title="Kovalam">Kovalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizhinjam" title="Vizhinjam">Vizhinjam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Culture of Thiruvananthapuram">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Media in Thiruvananthapuram">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Culture of Thiruvananthapuram">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Category:Government of Thiruvananthapuram">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_City_Police" title="Thiruvananthapuram City Police">Thiruvananthapuram City Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Corporation" title="Thiruvananthapuram Corporation">Thiruvananthapuram Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Development_Authority" title="Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority">Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technopark,_Trivandrum" title="Technopark, Trivandrum">Technopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocity,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Technocity, Thiruvananthapuram">Technocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bio_360_Life_Sciences_Park" title="Bio 360 Life Sciences Park">Bio 360 Life Sciences Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Travancore" title="State Bank of Travancore">State Bank of Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Electronics_Development_Corporation" title="Kerala State Electronics Development Corporation">Kerala State Electronics Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UST_(company)" title="UST (company)">UST (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore_Titanium_Products" title="Travancore Titanium Products">Travancore Titanium Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Industrial_Development_Corporation" title="Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation">Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HLL_Lifecare" title="HLL Lifecare">HLL Lifecare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_based_in_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Category:Organisations based in Thiruvananthapuram">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-DAC_Thiruvananthapuram" title="C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram">C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Development_Studies" title="Centre for Development Studies">Centre for Development Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_of_India" title="Free Software Foundation of India">Free Software Foundation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Space_Science_and_Technology" title="Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology">Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Science_and_Technology_Museum" title="Kerala Science and Technology Museum">Kerala Science and Technology Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizhinjam_International_Seaport_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram">Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">Malls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_International_Shopping_Mall,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Lulu International Shopping Mall, Thiruvananthapuram">Lulu International Shopping Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_of_Travancore" title="Mall of Travancore">Mall of Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_Zentrum" title="Taurus Zentrum">Taurus Zentrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Sports in Thiruvananthapuram">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_International_Stadium" title="Greenfield International Stadium">Greenfield International Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivandrum_Golf_Club" title="Trivandrum Golf Club">Trivandrum Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekharan_Nair_Stadium" title="Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium">Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_George_Indoor_Stadium" title="Jimmy George Indoor Stadium">Jimmy George Indoor Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Stadium_(Thiruvananthapuram)" title="Central Stadium (Thiruvananthapuram)">Central Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Stadium_(Thiruvananthapuram)" title="University Stadium (Thiruvananthapuram)">University Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Xavier%27s_College_Ground" title="St Xavier's College Ground">St Xavier's College Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellyani_Agricultural_College_Ground" title="Vellyani Agricultural College Ground">Vellyani Agricultural College Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Transport in Thiruvananthapuram">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_International_Airport" title="Thiruvananthapuram International Airport">Thiruvananthapuram International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_bus_station_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Central bus station Thiruvananthapuram">Central bus station Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Central_Road" title="Main Central Road">Main Central Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Road_(Thiruvananthapuram)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Road (Thiruvananthapuram)">MG Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">Kerala State Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam%E2%80%93Thiruvananthapuram_trunk_line" title="Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line">Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazhakuttam_railway_station" title="Kazhakuttam railway station">Kazhakuttam railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochuveli_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochuveli railway station">Kochuveli railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemom_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemom railway station">Nemom railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara_railway_station" title="Neyyattinkara railway station">Neyyattinkara railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Central_railway_station" title="Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station">Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Pettah_railway_station" title="Thiruvananthapuram Pettah railway station">Thiruvananthapuram Pettah railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_railway_division" title="Thiruvananthapuram railway division">Thiruvananthapuram railway division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Metro" title="Thiruvananthapuram Metro">Thiruvananthapuram Metro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram">Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Cancer_Centre,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram">Regional Cancer Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Chitra_Tirunal_Institute_for_Medical_Sciences_and_Technology,_Trivandrum" title="Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum">Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Places of<br />worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhaswamy_Temple" title="Padmanabhaswamy Temple">Padmanabhaswamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attukal_Temple" title="Attukal Temple">Attukal Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palayam_Juma_Mosque" title="Palayam Juma Mosque">Palayam Juma Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Trivandrum" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Trivandrum">St. Joseph's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary,_Pattom" title="Cathedral of Saint Mary, Pattom">Cathedral of Saint Mary, Pattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary,_Queen_of_Peace_Basilica" title="St. Mary, Queen of Peace Basilica">St. Mary, Queen of Peace Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.T.C._Hanuman_Temple,_Palayam" title="O.T.C. Hanuman Temple, Palayam">O.T.C. Hanuman Temple, Palayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellayani_Devi_Temple" title="Vellayani Devi Temple">Vellayani Devi Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Category:Education in Thiruvananthapuram">Education and<br />research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Central_School" title="Arya Central School">Arya Central School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavan" title="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan">Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Vidyalayas" title="Chinmaya Vidyalayas">Chinmaya Vidyalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Nagar_School,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Christ Nagar School, Thiruvananthapuram">Christ Nagar School, Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Model_Boys_Higher_Secondary_School" title="Government Model Boys Higher Secondary School">Government Model Boys Higher Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Angel%27s_Convent_Trivandrum" title="Holy Angel's Convent Trivandrum">Holy Angel's Convent Trivandrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Sangathan" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan">Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_School,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Loyola School, Thiruvananthapuram">Loyola School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannam_Memorial_Residential_Higher_Secondary_School" title="Mannam Memorial Residential Higher Secondary School">Mannam Memorial Residential Higher Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_School,_Trivandrum" title="The Oxford School, Trivandrum">The Oxford School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School_Kazhakootam" title="Sainik School Kazhakootam">Sainik School Kazhakootam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Higher_Secondary_School,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram">St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St.Thomas_School,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="St.Thomas School, Thiruvananthapuram">St.Thomas School, Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivandrum_International_School" title="Trivandrum International School">Trivandrum International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSSC_Central_School" title="VSSC Central School">VSSC Central School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APJ_Abdul_Kalam_Technological_University" title="APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University">APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering,_Trivandrum" title="College of Engineering, Trivandrum">College of Engineering, Trivandrum (CET)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Fine_Arts_Trivandrum" title="College of Fine Arts Trivandrum">College of Fine Arts Trivandrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Engineering_College,_Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Engineering College, Trivandrum">Government Engineering College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_University_of_Digital_Sciences,_Innovation_and_Technology" title="Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology">Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_College" title="Mahatma Gandhi College">Mahatma Gandhi College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Baselios_College_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology">Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Ivanios_College" title="Mar Ivanios College">Mar Ivanios College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Chitra_Thirunal_College_of_Engineering" title="Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering">Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUT_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="SUT Academy of Medical Sciences">SUT Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Thiruvananthapuram" title="University College Thiruvananthapuram">University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kerala" title="University of Kerala">University of Kerala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Propulsion_Systems_Centre" title="Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre">Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai_Space_Centre" title="Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre">Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Tropical_Botanic_Garden_and_Research_Institute" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute">Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Centre_for_Biotechnology" title="Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology">Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Interdisciplinary_Science_and_Technology" title="National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology">National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Earth_Science_Studies" title="National Centre for Earth Science Studies">National Centre for Earth Science Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Research_Institute_%26_Manuscripts_Library" title="Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library">Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Science_Education_and_Research" title="Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research">Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Development_of_Imaging_Technology" title="Centre for Development of Imaging Technology">Centre for Development of Imaging Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivandrum_Engineering_Science_and_Technology_Research_Park" title="Trivandrum Engineering Science and Technology Research Park">Trivandrum Engineering Science and Technology Research Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Media in Thiruvananthapuram">Media and <br /> entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Press_Club,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Press Club, Thiruvananthapuram">Press Club, Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)" title="Asianet (TV channel)">Asianet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrita_TV" title="Amrita TV">Amrita TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JaiHind_TV" title="JaiHind TV">JaiHind TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kairali_TV" title="Kairali TV">Kairali TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_TV_Network" title="Sun TV Network">Sun TV Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Kaumudi" title="Kerala Kaumudi">Kerala Kaumudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitranjali_Studio" title="Chitranjali Studio">Chitranjali Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinfra_Film_and_Video_Park" title="Kinfra Film and Video Park">Kinfra Film and Video Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Chalachitra_Academy" title="Kerala State Chalachitra Academy">Kerala State Chalachitra Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Festivals & events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keraleeyam_(festival)" title="Keraleeyam (festival)">Keraleeyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Film_Festival_of_Kerala" title="International Film Festival of Kerala">International Film Festival of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soorya_Festival" title="Soorya Festival">Soorya Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attukal_Pongala" title="Attukal Pongala">Attukal Pongala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_metropolitan_area" title="Thiruvananthapuram metropolitan area">Thiruvananthapuram metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram" title="Padmanabhapuram">Padmanabhapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Thiruvananthapuram" title="List of people from Thiruvananthapuram">People from Trivandrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_City_Police_Mobile_App" title="Thiruvananthapuram City Police Mobile App">Thiruvananthapuram City Police Mobile App (iSafe)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thiruvananthapuram" title="Category:Thiruvananthapuram">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Travancore_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Travancore_region" title="Template:Travancore region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Travancore_region" title="Template talk:Travancore region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Travancore_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Travancore region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Travancore_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_district" title="Kanyakumari district">Kanyakumari</a> (Part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollam District"> Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathanamthitta District"> Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha_district" title="Alappuzha district"> Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottayam District"> Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district"> Idukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam</a> (Part)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg/100px-Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg/150px-Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg/200px-Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and<br />cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagarcoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarcoil">Nagarcoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thovala" class="mw-redirect" title="Thovala">Thovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suchindram" title="Suchindram">Suchindram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavalakurichi" title="Manavalakurichi">Manavalakurichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliyakkavilai" title="Kaliyakkavilai">Kaliyakkavilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaikadu" title="Mandaikadu">Mandaikadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthandam" title="Marthandam">Marthandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neiyyur" title="Neiyyur">Neyyoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvithancode" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvithancode">Thiruvithancode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolachal">Kolachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parassala" title="Parassala">Parassala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara" title="Neyyattinkara">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedumangadu">Nedumangadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venjaramoodu" class="mw-redirect" title="Venjaramoodu">Venjaramoodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanad" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryanad">Aryanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vembayam" title="Vembayam">Vembayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirayinkeezhu" title="Chirayinkeezhu">Chirayinkeezhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanavancherry" title="Avanavancherry">Avanavancherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallambalam" title="Kallambalam">Kallambalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor" title="Kilimanoor">Kilimanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neduvathoor" title="Neduvathoor">Neduvathoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoor" title="Ayoor">Ayoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchal" title="Anchal">Anchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edamulackal" title="Edamulackal">Edamulackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadayamangalam" title="Chadayamangalam">Chadayamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chathannoor" title="Chathannoor">Chathannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalluvathukkal" title="Kalluvathukkal">Kalluvathukkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottiyam" title="Kottiyam">Kottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parippally" title="Parippally">Parippally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munroethuruth" class="mw-redirect" title="Munroethuruth">Munroethuruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayyanad" title="Mayyanad">Mayyanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchalloor" title="Manchalloor">Manchalloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidavoor" title="Pidavoor">Pidavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranmula" title="Aranmula">Aranmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbanad" title="Kumbanad">Kumbanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadasserikkara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadasserikkara">Vadasserikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvalla">Tiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannar_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannar (India)">Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edathua" title="Edathua">Edathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanilam" title="Padanilam">Padanilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakkal" title="Nilakkal">Nilakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chettikulangara" title="Chettikulangara">Chettikulangara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haripad" title="Haripad">Haripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankombu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankombu">Mankombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mararikulam" title="Mararikulam">Mararikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroor" title="Aroor">Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanacherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Changanacherry">Changanacherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhoor" title="Vazhoor">Vazhoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukachal" title="Karukachal">Karukachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumarakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumarakam">Kumarakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pambadi">Pambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettumanoor" title="Ettumanoor">Ettumanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduthuruthy" title="Kaduthuruthy">Kaduthuruthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalayolaparambu" title="Thalayolaparambu">Thalayolaparambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuravilangad" title="Kuravilangad">Kuravilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palai" class="mw-redirect" title="Palai">Palai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhavoor" title="Uzhavoor">Uzhavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonjar" title="Poonjar">Poonjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erattupetta" title="Erattupetta">Erattupetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponkunnam" title="Ponkunnam">Ponkunnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erumely" title="Erumely">Erumely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakayam" title="Mundakayam">Mundakayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagamon" title="Vagamon">Vagamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vechoor" title="Vechoor">Vechoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alengad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alengad">Alengad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothamangalam, Ernakulam">Kothamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakuzha" title="Arakuzha">Arakuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothattukulam" title="Koothattukulam">Koothattukulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piravom" title="Piravom">Piravom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizhakkambalam" title="Kizhakkambalam">Kizhakkambalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district">Idukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painavu" title="Painavu">Painavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar">Munnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannan_Devan_Hills" title="Kannan Devan Hills">Kannan Devan Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marayur" title="Marayur">Marayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udumbanchola" title="Udumbanchola">Udumbanchola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumkandam" title="Nedumkandam">Nedumkandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajakkad" title="Rajakkad">Rajakkad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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