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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Allies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparatory_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparatory_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Preparatory operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparatory_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B5)" title="نبرد تاراکان (۱۹۴۵) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد تاراکان (۱۹۴۵)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Tarakan_(1945)" title="Bataille de Tarakan (1945) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Tarakan (1945)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B8_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC_(1945%EB%85%84)" title="타라칸 전투 (1945년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타라칸 전투 (1945년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Tarakan_(1945)" title="Pertempuran Tarakan (1945) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Tarakan (1945)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strijd_om_Tarakan_(1945)" title="Strijd om Tarakan (1945) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Strijd om Tarakan (1945)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_o_Tarakan_(1945)" title="Bitwa o Tarakan (1945) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa o Tarakan (1945)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(1945)" title="Сражение за Таракан (1945) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение за Таракан (1945)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaatio_Oboe_1" title="Operaatio Oboe 1 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Operaatio Oboe 1" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Tarakan (1945)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theatre</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarakan_1945_AWM_090932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tarakan_1945_AWM_090932.jpg/220px-Tarakan_1945_AWM_090932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tarakan_1945_AWM_090932.jpg/330px-Tarakan_1945_AWM_090932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tarakan_1945_AWM_090932.jpg/440px-Tarakan_1945_AWM_090932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="475" /></a></span><br />Australian infantry advancing through wrecked oil storage tanks at Tank Hill, Tarakan.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1 May – 21 June 1945</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Tarakan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarakan Island">Tarakan Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Allied victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <div><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Whitehead_(soldier)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Whitehead (soldier)">David Whitehead</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Tadao Tokoi</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 15,532</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 2,200</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 251+ dead,<br />669+ wounded</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1,540 dead,<br /> 252 captured prior to 15 August 1945</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> At least 100 civilians killed or wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastingsStanley2016281_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsStanley2016281-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Semut"><i>Semut</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Labuan" title="Battle of Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaufort_(1945)" title="Battle of Beaufort (1945)">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">Balikpapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign_(1945)_order_of_battle" title="Borneo campaign (1945) order of battle"><b>Order of battle</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" 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style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_South_West_Pacific_theatre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox South West Pacific theatre"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II"><span class="wrap">South West Pacific theatre of World War II</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Philippines campaign (1941–1942)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Lamon_Bay" title="Japanese invasion of Lamon Bay">Lamon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bataan" title="Battle of Bataan">1st Bataan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corregidor" title="Battle of Corregidor">1st Corregidor</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies campaign</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">1st Borneo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarakan_(1942)" title="Battle of Tarakan (1942)">1st Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1942)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1942)">1st Balikpapan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manado" title="Battle of Manado">Manado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ambon" title="Battle of Ambon">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Sumatra" title="Invasion of Sumatra">Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badung_Strait" title="Battle of Badung Strait">Badung Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timor" title="Battle of Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Java_(1942)" title="Battle of Java (1942)">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">2nd Borneo</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">2nd Balikpapan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Georgia_campaign" title="New Georgia campaign">New Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Treasury_Islands" title="Battle of the Treasury Islands">Treasury Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_campaign" title="Bougainville campaign">Bougainville</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea campaign</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buna%E2%80%93Gona" title="Battle of Buna–Gona">Buna–Gona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea" title="Battle of the Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Nassau_Bay" title="Landing at Nassau Bay">Nassau Bay Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamaua%E2%80%93Lae_campaign" title="Salamaua–Lae campaign">Salamaua-Lae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huon_Peninsula_campaign" title="Huon Peninsula campaign">Huon Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands_campaign" title="Admiralty Islands campaign">Admiralty Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aitape%E2%80%93Wewak_campaign" title="Aitape–Wewak campaign">Aitape-Wewak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hollandia" title="Battle of Hollandia"><i>Recklesss</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Aitape" title="Landing at Aitape"><i>Persecution</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Biak" title="Battle of Biak">Biak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noemfoor" title="Battle of Noemfoor">Noemfoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morotai" title="Battle of Morotai">Morotai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_campaign" title="New Britain campaign">New Britain campaign</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cartwheel" title="Operation Cartwheel">Operation Cartwheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arawe" title="Battle of Arawe">Arawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Gloucester" title="Battle of Cape Gloucester">Cape Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutralisation_of_Rabaul" title="Neutralisation of Rabaul">Neutralisation of Rabaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talasea" title="Battle of Talasea">Talasea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Jacquinot_Bay" title="Landing at Jacquinot Bay">Jacquinot Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wide_Bay%E2%80%93Open_Bay" title="Battle of Wide Bay–Open Bay">Wide Bay–Open Bay</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines campaign (1944–1945)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte" title="Battle of Leyte">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Lingayen_Gulf" title="Invasion of Lingayen Gulf">Lingayen Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Luzon" title="Battle of Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corregidor_(1945)" title="Battle of Corregidor (1945)">2nd Corregidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Visayas" title="Battle of Visayas">Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mindanao" title="Battle of Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo campaign</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Agas" title="Operation Agas"><i>Agas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Semut" title="Operation Semut"><i>Semut</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Labuan" title="Battle of Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaufort_(1945)" title="Battle of Beaufort (1945)">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">Balikpapan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><p> The <b>Battle of Tarakan</b> was the first stage in the <a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo campaign of 1945</a>. It began with an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious landing">amphibious landing</a> by Allied forces on 1 May, code-named <b>Operation Oboe One</b>; the Allied ground forces were drawn mainly from the Australian <a href="/wiki/26th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="26th Brigade (Australia)">26th Brigade</a>, but included a small element of <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a> personnel. The main objective of the landing was the capture of the island's airfield. While the battle ended with success for the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces over the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> defenders, this victory is generally regarded as having not justified its costs. The airfield was so heavily damaged that it ultimately could not be repaired in time to make it operational for other phases of the Allied campaign in Borneo.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style></p><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tarakan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarakan Island">Tarakan</a> is a triangle-shaped island 2.5 miles (4.0 km) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>. The island is roughly 15 miles (24 km) long from its northernmost point to the southern tip and 11 miles (18 km) wide towards the north of the island. The small island of Sadau is located about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) off Tarakan's west coast. Almost all of Tarakan's coastline is swampy, and in 1945 <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a> on the northern half of the island stretched 1 mile (1.6 km) to 2 miles (3.2 km) inland. The coastal mangroves in the southern portion of the island were narrower. Inland from the swamps, most of central Tarakan comprised a series of steep and densely forested hills just over 100 feet (30 m) high.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002259_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERottman2002259-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarakan is located three degrees north of the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> and has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a>. The maximum temperature for most days is about 80 °F (27 °C), and relative humidity is consistently high at about 90 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19977_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19977-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, <a href="/wiki/Tarakan,_East_Kalimantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarakan, East Kalimantan">Tarakan Town</a> was the main settlement of the island. This town was located 2,000 yards (1,800 m) inland, and was separated from the south-west coast by several small hills covered in low vegetation. Four piers used to dock oil tankers were located on this coastline at the settlement of Lingkas, and were connected to Tarakan Town by three surfaced roads. Tarakan airfield was located about 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Tarakan Town. Of the island's two oilfields, Sesanip Oilfield was located at the north-east edge of the airfield while the larger Djoeata or Juata Oilfield was 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north. The village of Djoeata was located on Tarakan's north-west coast and linked to Djoeata Oilfield by a track.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002259_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERottman2002259-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_occupation">Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to World War II, Tarakan formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a> (NEI) and was an important oil production centre. The island's two <a href="/wiki/Oilfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilfield">oilfields</a> produced 80,000 barrels of oil per month in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963406–408_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963406–408-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Securing Tarakan's oilfields formed one of Japan's early objectives during the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>. Japanese forces landed on the island's east coast on 11 January 1942 and defeated the small Dutch garrison in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarakan_(1942)" title="Battle of Tarakan (1942)">two days of fighting</a> in which half the defenders were killed in battle or executed thereafter. While the oilfields were successfully sabotaged by the Dutch before their surrender, Japanese engineers were able to swiftly restore them to production and 350,000 barrels were extracted each month by early 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19977–9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19977–9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Dutch surrender, Tarakan's 5,000 inhabitants suffered under <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japan's occupation policies</a>. The large number of troops stationed on the island caused food shortages and many civilians suffered from <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a> as a result. The Japanese authorities brought 600 labourers to Tarakan from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>. The Japanese also forced an estimated 300 Javanese women to work as "<a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a>" on Tarakan after enticing them to travel with false offers of clerical and clothes-making jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19978–9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19978–9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tarakan's value to the Japanese evaporated with the rapid advance of Allied forces into the area during 1944. The last Japanese <a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">oil tanker</a> left Tarakan in July 1944, and heavy Allied air raids later in the year destroyed the island's oil production and storage facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19979_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of Indonesian civilians may have also been killed by these raids.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199757_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199757-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allies also laid <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a> near Tarakan, which, combined with patrols by air and naval units, prevented Japanese merchant vessels and transports from docking at the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19979_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In line with the island's declining importance, the Japanese garrison on Tarakan was reduced in early 1945. One of the two <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> stationed on the island (the 454th Independent Infantry Battalion) was withdrawn to <a href="/wiki/Balikpapan" title="Balikpapan">Balikpapan</a>. This battalion was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_7th_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian 7th Division">Australian 7th Division</a> in July during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">Battle of Balikpapan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963503_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963503-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_plans">Allied plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Allied plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary objective for the Allied attack on Tarakan (code-named "Oboe One") was to secure and develop the <a href="/wiki/Juwata_Airport" title="Juwata Airport">island's airstrip</a> so that it could be used to provide air cover for subsequent landings in <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labuan_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Labuan Territory">Labuan</a> and Balikpapan. The secondary objective for the operation was to secure Tarakan's oilfields and bring them into operation as a source of oil for the Allied forces in the theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963406_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963406-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Company, Technical Battalion, <a href="/wiki/KNIL" class="mw-redirect" title="KNIL">KNIL</a> was responsible for this.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarakan_defences_from_26_Bde_war_diary_May45_part_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tarakan_defences_from_26_Bde_war_diary_May45_part_2.jpg/220px-Tarakan_defences_from_26_Bde_war_diary_May45_part_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tarakan_defences_from_26_Bde_war_diary_May45_part_2.jpg/330px-Tarakan_defences_from_26_Bde_war_diary_May45_part_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tarakan_defences_from_26_Bde_war_diary_May45_part_2.jpg/440px-Tarakan_defences_from_26_Bde_war_diary_May45_part_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4872" data-file-height="3425" /></a><figcaption>Allied intelligence estimates of Japanese defences as of April 1945 and code names for locations in southern Tarakan</figcaption></figure> <p>The 9th Division and 26th Brigade headquarters were responsible for planning the invasion of Tarakan. This work began in early March when both units had arrived at <a href="/wiki/Morotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Morotai">Morotai</a>, and the final plans were completed on 24 April. The planners' work was hampered by poor working conditions and difficulties in communicating with General MacArthur's General Headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199748–53_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199748–53-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the planning process each of Tarakan's hills was assigned a code name (for instance "Margy" and "Sykes"); during the Australian Army's campaigns in New Guinea geographic features had been named on an ad hoc basis, and it was hoped that selecting names prior to the battle would improve the precision of subsequent planning and communications.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963408_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963408-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three men wearing military uniforms walking towards the camera. A tent and palm trees are in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg/220px-OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg/330px-OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg/440px-OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Forrest_B._Royal" title="Forrest B. Royal">Forrest B. Royal</a>, Lieutenant-General Sir <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Morshead" title="Leslie Morshead">Leslie Morshead</a> and Air Vice-Marshal <a href="/wiki/William_Bostock" title="William Bostock">William Bostock</a> during discussions of the planned landing at Tarakan on 12 April 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>The Allied plans anticipated that Tarakan would be secured quickly. It was expected that the operation would involve a short fight for the airfield followed by a 'consolidation' phase during which the island's airfield and port would be developed to support Allied operations. The planners did not foresee significant fighting in Tarakan's interior, and no plans were developed for operations in areas other than the landing beaches, Tarakan Town and airfield. The planners did, however, correctly anticipate that the Japanese would make their main stand in an area other than the invasion beach and would not be capable of mounting a large counterattack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199754–56_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199754–56-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Allied plans also expected that Tarakan would be transformed into a major base within days of the landing. Under the pre-invasion planning it was intended that a <a href="/wiki/Wing_(air_force_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing (air force unit)">wing</a> of fighter aircraft would be based at Tarakan six days after the landing and this force would be expanded to include an attack wing nine days later and staging facilities for a further four squadrons of aircraft within 21 days of the landing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973447_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973447-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also expected that the 26th Brigade Group and its supporting beach group would be ready to leave Tarakan by 21 May and the RAAF units could be redeployed in mid-June after providing support for the landing at Balikpapan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199755_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199755-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Allied planners possessed detailed <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence</a> on Tarakan and its defenders. This intelligence had been gathered from a variety of sources which included <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">signals intelligence</a>, photographic reconnaissance flights and Dutch colonial officials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199758_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199758-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarakan was the Australian <a href="/wiki/Services_Reconnaissance_Department" title="Services Reconnaissance Department">Services Reconnaissance Department's</a> (SRD) first priority from November 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199758–59_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199758–59-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the invasion, I Corps requested that the SRD provide intelligence on Japanese positions in northern and central Tarakan. A five-man strong party landed on the island on the night of 25/26 April and successfully reconnoitered the defences on Tarakan's north coast, though the operative who was assigned to the centre of the island became lost and did not reach this area. The SRD operatives withdrew from Tarakan on the night of 29/30 April and landed on the mainland of Borneo. They were unable to transmit the intelligence they had collected, however, as their radio set malfunctioned. Members of the party eventually landed within the Allied beachhead on Tarakan on 3 May to report to the 26th Brigade, but Whitehead was disappointed with the results of this operation and made no further use of the SRD during the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1996304_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1996304-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposing_forces">Opposing forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opposing forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Borneo_Campaign_(1945)_order_of_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Borneo Campaign (1945) order of battle">Borneo Campaign (1945) order of battle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarakan_convoy_(AWM_090809).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tarakan_convoy_%28AWM_090809%29.jpg/220px-Tarakan_convoy_%28AWM_090809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tarakan_convoy_%28AWM_090809%29.jpg/330px-Tarakan_convoy_%28AWM_090809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tarakan_convoy_%28AWM_090809%29.jpg/440px-Tarakan_convoy_%28AWM_090809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/2/48th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="2/48th Battalion (Australia)">2/48th Battalion</a> watch part of the convoy taking them to Tarakan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allies">Allies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Allies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Allied force responsible for capturing Tarakan was centred around the very experienced <a href="/wiki/26th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="26th Brigade (Australia)">Australian 26th Brigade Group</a> of nearly 12,000 soldiers. The 26th Brigade had been formed in 1940 and had seen action in <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="New Guinea Campaign">New Guinea</a>. The brigade's infantry component was the <a href="/wiki/2/23rd_Battalion_(Australia)" title="2/23rd Battalion (Australia)">2/23rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/2/24th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="2/24th Battalion (Australia)">2/24th</a> and <a href="/wiki/2/48th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="2/48th Battalion (Australia)">2/48th Battalions</a>, also with much war experience. These battalions were joined by the <a href="/wiki/2/4th_Cavalry_Commando_Squadron_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="2/4th Cavalry Commando Squadron (Australia)">2/4th Commando Squadron</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2/3rd_Pioneer_Battalion_(Australia)" title="2/3rd Pioneer Battalion (Australia)">2/3rd Pioneer Battalion</a>, which fought as infantry in this battle. The brigade group also included the <a href="/wiki/2/7th_Field_Regiment_(Australia)" title="2/7th Field Regiment (Australia)">2/7th Field Regiment</a> equipped with 24 <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_25_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance QF 25 pounder">25-pounder</a> guns, a squadron from the <a href="/wiki/2/9th_Armoured_Regiment_(Australia)" title="2/9th Armoured Regiment (Australia)">2/9th Armoured Regiment</a> operating 18 <a href="/wiki/Matilda_II" title="Matilda II">Matilda tanks</a>, a company of the 2/2nd Machine Gun Battalion, the 53rd Composite Anti-Aircraft Regiment and two engineer field squadrons. These combat units were supported by a large number of logistics and medical units, including the 2nd Beach Group whose role was to land supplies from the invasion fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199729–41_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199729–41-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the 26th Brigade Group greatly outnumbered the known strength of Tarakan's Japanese defenders, the Allies committed this large force as their previous experience indicated that it would be difficult to defeat the Japanese force if it retreated into Tarakan's rugged interior.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973448_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973448-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 26th Brigade Group was supported by Allied air and naval units. The air units were drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Australian_First_Tactical_Air_Force" title="Australian First Tactical Air Force">Australian First Tactical Air Force</a> (1 TAF) and <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Air Force">United States Thirteenth Air Force</a> and included fighter and bomber squadrons. The naval force was drawn from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Seventh_Fleet" title="United States Seventh Fleet">United States Seventh Fleet</a> and included several <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> warships and transports. Since the main objective of attacking Tarakan was to use the island's airstrip, the invasion force also included a large number of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> ground units, including <a href="/wiki/No._61_Wing_RAAF" title="No. 61 Wing RAAF">No. 61 Airfield Construction Wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199741–42_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199741–42-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comprising No. 1 and No. 8 Airfield Construction Squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson199881–85_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson199881–85-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The force which landed on Tarakan included nearly a thousand United States and Dutch troops. The U.S. troops included the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> engineers who manned the invasion force's <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Mechanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Craft Mechanized">LCMs</a> and <a href="/wiki/LCVP_(United_States)" title="LCVP (United States)">LCVPs</a> and the U.S. Army's 727th Amphibian Tractor Battalion, Co. A, who manned the <a href="/wiki/Landing_Vehicle_Tracked" title="Landing Vehicle Tracked">LVTs</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Seabee_(US_Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seabee (US Navy)">Seabee</a> detachments aboard the <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Tank">Landing Ship Tanks</a>. The Dutch forces were organised into a company of <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambonese</a> infantry commanded by Dutch officers and a <a href="/wiki/Civil_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Affairs">civil affairs</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199742_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199742-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the Allied landing, the Japanese force on Tarakan numbered 2,200 men drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a>. The largest unit was the 740-man strong 455th Independent Infantry Battalion which was commanded by Major Tadao Tokoi (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">常井忠雄</span>). 150 Army support troops were also on Tarakan. The Navy's contribution to Tarakan's garrison comprised 980 seamen commanded by Commander Kaoru Kaharu. The main naval unit was the 600-strong 2nd Naval Garrison Force. This naval unit was trained to fight as infantry and operated several coastal defence guns. The 350 Japanese civilian oil workers on Tarakan were also expected to fight in the event of an Allied attack. The Japanese force included about 50 Indonesians serving in a home guard unit. Major Tokoi directed the overall defence of Tarakan, though relations between the Army and Navy were poor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19979_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese forces were concentrated around Lingkas, Tarakan's main port and the site of the only beaches suitable for landing troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001280_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoates2001280-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These defenders had spent the months before the invasion constructing defensive positions and laying mines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199766_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199766-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fixed defences were used extensively during the battle, with Japanese tactics being focused on tenaciously defending pre-prepared positions. The Japanese did not conduct any large counter-attacks, and most offensive actions were limited to small parties of raiders which attempted to infiltrate the Australian lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198064–65_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198064–65-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparatory_operations">Preparatory operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Preparatory operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarakan_operations_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tarakan_operations_1945.jpg/220px-Tarakan_operations_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tarakan_operations_1945.jpg/330px-Tarakan_operations_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tarakan_operations_1945.jpg/440px-Tarakan_operations_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1461" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the movements of Allied units during the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>The Japanese force on Tarakan was warned of the impending invasion in April, before the Allies began their pre-invasion bombardment of the island. The island's commander received a radio signal warning him of imminent attack, and the commander of Tarakan's oil depot was ordered to destroy the oil wells on 15 April. It is possible that this warning may have been issued as a result of a security leak from either the Chinese Republican Army's representative to Australia or MacArthur's headquarters. This did not have any effect on the subsequent battle, however, as the Japanese had been preparing defences to resist invasion for several months and the Japanese were aware of the large Allied force which was being assembled at Morotai to attack Borneo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199766_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199766-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the arrival of the invasion force the Japanese garrison on Tarakan and Borneo was subjected to intensive air and naval attacks from 12 April to 29 April.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963412_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963412-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RAAF and USAAF also mounted air attacks against Japanese bases in China, French Indochina and the NEI to suppress Japanese air units throughout the region. These attacks destroyed all Japanese aircraft in the Tarakan area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens199459_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens199459-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aerial bombing of Tarakan increased in intensity five days before the landing. These attacks were focused on the areas adjoining the planned landing beaches at Lingkas and sought to neutralise the Japanese defences in these areas. The oil storage tanks at Lingkas were a key objective as it was feared that the oil in these tanks could be ignited and used against Allied troops. These bombardments forced much of Tarakan's civilian population to flee inland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199757–58_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199757–58-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 100 civilians were killed or wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastingsStanley2016281_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsStanley2016281-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tarakan attack force was assembled at Morotai during March and April 1945. The 26th Brigade Group was transported from Australia to Morotai by United States Army transports and arrived in mid-April and began to prepare their equipment for an amphibious landing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199746–48_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199746–48-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a shortage of shipping all units were ordered to leave non-essential vehicles at Morotai when they began to embark onto assault transports on 20 April. The commander of the 1st Tactical Air Force attempted to resist this order, but was over-ridden by his superior officer <a href="/wiki/Air_Vice_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Vice Marshal">Air Vice Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Bostock" title="William Bostock">William Bostock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199759_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199759-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most units were embarked by 22 April and the assault troops practiced landing operations for several days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199761_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199761-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small convoy of ships carrying a force ordered to capture Sadau Island off the coast of Tarakan left Morotai on 26 April, and the main invasion convoy of 150 ships sailed the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199762_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199762-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engineers_Tarakan_(AWM_090906).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Engineers_Tarakan_%28AWM_090906%29.jpg/220px-Engineers_Tarakan_%28AWM_090906%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Engineers_Tarakan_%28AWM_090906%29.jpg/330px-Engineers_Tarakan_%28AWM_090906%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Engineers_Tarakan_%28AWM_090906%29.jpg/440px-Engineers_Tarakan_%28AWM_090906%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Engineers from the 2/13 Field Company rest after clearing beach defences</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the need to clear both the large number of naval mines which had been laid around Tarakan and the extensive beach obstacles at Lingkas, the Allies did not attempt a surprise landing. A group of United States Navy <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minesweeper (ship)">minesweepers</a> and destroyers arrived off Tarakan on 27 April and began clearing mines, most of which had been originally laid by Allied aircraft. This operation was completed by 1 May at a cost of two small minesweepers damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorison2002259–262_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison2002259–262-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> USN <a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boats</a> also arrived off Tarakan on 28 April and illuminated and strafed the invasion beaches at night to prevent the Japanese from repairing their beach defences. The PT boats also attacked seven small Japanese freighters and <a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">luggers</a> which were found anchored at Lingkas, sinking or damaging all but one of them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962432–433_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962432–433-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 April, the 2/4th Commando Squadron and the 57th Battery of the 2/7th Field Regiment were landed on the nearby Sadau Island in order to support the engineers tasked with clearing the obstacles off the invasion beaches. This force rapidly secured the undefended island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963412_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963412-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The landing on Sadau Island was the first time Australian soldiers had landed on non-Australian territory in the Pacific since late 1941 (Australian participation in the New Guinea Campaign from 1942 onwards was limited to the Australian portion of New Guinea).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199766_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199766-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only Allied losses in this operation were aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Jenkins_(DD-447)" title="USS Jenkins (DD-447)">USS <i>Jenkins</i></a>, which was damaged when she struck a mine while supporting the landing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1968622_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1968622-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The task of clearing the beach obstacles at Lingkas was assigned to the 2/13th Field Company. These defences comprised rows of barbed wire, wooden posts and steel rails which extended 125 yards from the beach. At 11:00 on 30 April, eight parties of engineers went forward in LVTs and landing craft to clear the obstacles. The engineers were supported by the guns on Sadau Island and Allied warships and aircraft. Operating under Japanese fire the engineers cleared all the obstacles obstructing the landing beaches. While heavy casualties had been expected, the 2/13th completed their task without loss.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199767–69_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199767–69-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landing">Landing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Landing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarakan_landing_(AWM_090812).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tarakan_landing_%28AWM_090812%29.jpg/220px-Tarakan_landing_%28AWM_090812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tarakan_landing_%28AWM_090812%29.jpg/330px-Tarakan_landing_%28AWM_090812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tarakan_landing_%28AWM_090812%29.jpg/440px-Tarakan_landing_%28AWM_090812%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>The second wave of the 2/48th Infantry Battalion leaving <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Manoora_(1935)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMAS Manoora (1935)">HMAS <i>Manoora</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The main invasion force arrived by sea off Tarakan in the early hours of 1 May. Supported by a heavy air and naval bombardment, the 2/23rd Battalion and the 2/48th Battalion made an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious landing">amphibious landing</a> at about 08:00. The 2/23rd Battalion disembarked from American LVTs into deep mud at "Green Beach" on the southern flank of the beachhead, and overcame several small Japanese positions in the hills around Lingkas. At nightfall it dug in along the main road to Tarakan Town (which had been designated the "Glenelg Highway" by the Australian planners). The 2/48th Battalion had a much easier landing at "Red Beach" on the northern end of the beachhead with most troops disembarking from their LVTs near dry land. The battalion pushed north along the "Anzac Highway" and nearby hills, and rapidly secured a number of pillboxes behind the beach as well as the oil storage tanks. By the end of the day the 2/48th held positions in the hills to the west of Tarakan Town. The 2/24th Battalion also began landing on Red Beach from 9.20 am, and spent most of the day in reserve. The unit received orders to advance north along the Anzac Highway late in the afternoon, but did not encounter any opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963414–417_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963414–417-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By nightfall the Australian <a href="/wiki/Beachhead" title="Beachhead">beachhead</a> extended for 2,800 yards (2,600 m) along the shore and up to 2,000 yards (1,800 m) inland. However, Japanese snipers were active within this perimeter during the night of 1/2 May, and the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion (which formed the main unit of the 2nd Beach Group) fought several small battles with isolated Japanese forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963417_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963417-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allied casualties were lighter than expected, with 11 men killed and 35 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199781_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199781-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light Japanese resistance was attributed to the heavy pre-landing bombardment forcing Tarakan's defenders to abandon the formidable defences at Lingkas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198061–62_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198061–62-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the infantry were successful in securing a beachhead, the landing was hampered by the poor beach conditions. Many Australian vehicles became bogged in Lingkas Beach's soft mud, and seven <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">LSTs</a> were stranded after their commanders misjudged the ships' beachings. The small amount of solid ground within the beachhead lead to severe congestion and resulted in none of 2/7th Field Regiment's guns being brought into action until the afternoon of the landing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199774–76_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199774–76-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congestion was made worse by much of the RAAF ground force being landed on 1 May with large numbers of vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199778_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199778-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seven LSTs were not refloated until 13 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997114_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997114-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After securing the beachhead, the 26th Brigade Group advanced east into Tarakan Town and north towards the airstrip. The Australians encountered increasingly determined Japanese resistance as they moved inland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The task of capturing Tarakan's airstrip was assigned to the 2/24th Battalion. The Battalion's initial attack on the airstrip on the night of 2 May was delayed when the Japanese set off large explosive charges, and the airstrip was not secured until 5 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001282_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoates2001282-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the capture of the airfield achieved the 26th Brigade Group's main task, the Japanese still held Tarakan's rugged interior.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963426_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963426-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first week of the invasion, 7,000 Indonesian refugees passed into the advancing Australian lines. This was a larger number than had been expected, and the refugees, many of whom were in poor health, overwhelmed the Dutch civil affairs unit. Despite the devastation caused by the Allied bombardment and invasion, most of the civilians welcomed the Australians as liberators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199798_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199798-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of Indonesian civilians later worked as labourers and <a href="/wiki/Porter_(carrier)" title="Porter (carrier)">porters</a> for the Allied force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997133_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997133-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blamey" title="Thomas Blamey">Thomas Blamey</a>, the commander of the Australian Military Forces, made an inspection tour of Tarakan on 8 May. During a meeting with Whitehead, Blamey directed that the 26th Brigade Group should "proceed in a deliberate manner" in clearing the rest of the island now that the main objectives of the invasion had been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997104–105_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997104–105-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Securing_the_interior">Securing the interior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Securing the interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soliders_tarakan_(AWM_108076).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Soliders_tarakan_%28AWM_108076%29.jpg/220px-Soliders_tarakan_%28AWM_108076%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Soliders_tarakan_%28AWM_108076%29.jpg/330px-Soliders_tarakan_%28AWM_108076%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Soliders_tarakan_%28AWM_108076%29.jpg/440px-Soliders_tarakan_%28AWM_108076%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>Two soldiers from the 2/23rd Battalion during the attack on 'Freda' feature</figcaption></figure> <p>In order to secure the island and protect the airstrip from attack, the 26th Brigade Group was forced to clear the Japanese from Tarakan's heavily forested hills. Approximately 1,700 Japanese troops were dug into positions in the north and centre of the island. These positions were protected by <a href="/wiki/Booby_trap" title="Booby trap">booby traps</a> and mines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973451_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973451-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While attacking these positions necessarily entailed costly infantry fighting, the Australian troops made heavy use of their available <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_support" class="mw-redirect" title="Air support">air support</a> to minimise casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968461_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968461-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian tanks could only provide limited support to the infantry as Tarakan's thick jungle, swamps and steep hills often confined their movement to tracks and roads. As a result, tanks generally could not be used to spearhead attacks, and their role was limited to providing supporting fire for infantry assaults, with artillery being the preferred source of direct support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopkins1978159–161_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins1978159–161-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B24s_Tarakan_(AWM_108539).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/B24s_Tarakan_%28AWM_108539%29.jpg/220px-B24s_Tarakan_%28AWM_108539%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/B24s_Tarakan_%28AWM_108539%29.jpg/330px-B24s_Tarakan_%28AWM_108539%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/B24s_Tarakan_%28AWM_108539%29.jpg/440px-B24s_Tarakan_%28AWM_108539%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Six B-24 Liberators supporting the 2/23rd infantry battalion, making a bombing run over japanese positions on 'Margy' feature</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion and the NEI company were assigned responsibility for securing the south-eastern portion of Tarakan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963427_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963427-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pioneers began advancing east of Tarakan Town on 7 May but encountered unexpectedly strong Japanese resistance. From 10 May, the battalion was halted at the 'Helen' feature, which was defended by about 200 Japanese troops. On 12 May Corporal <a href="/wiki/Jack_Mackey" title="Jack Mackey">John Mackey</a> was killed after capturing three Japanese machine gun posts. Mackey was <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Posthumous recognition">posthumously</a> awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> for this act. During the fighting at 'Helen' <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> heavy bombers were used for <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> for the first time, with <a href="/wiki/P-38_Lightning" class="mw-redirect" title="P-38 Lightning">P-38 Lightning</a> fighters dropping <a href="/wiki/Napalm" title="Napalm">napalm</a> immediately after the bombing. This combination proved particularly effective, and became the standard form of air support requested by the Australians. The Japanese force withdrew from 'Helen' on 14 May after suffering approximately 100 casualties, and the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion reached Tarakan's eastern shore on 16 May. The battalion suffered 20 killed and 46 wounded in this operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963430–434_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963430–434-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period the NEI company secured the remainder of southern Tarakan, and encountered little resistance during its advance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198052_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198052-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States and Australian navies continued to support the invasion once the landing was complete. USN PT boats sank at least a dozen small craft off Tarakan and in rivers on the coast of Borneo between 1 and 10 May. The PT boats carried <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Indies_Civil_Administration" title="Netherlands Indies Civil Administration">Netherlands Indies Civil Administration</a> interpreters on most patrols who interrogated natives to gather information on Japanese movements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962434_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962434-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese battery at Cape Djoeata on Tarakan's north coast was also knocked out by <a href="/wiki/USS_Douglas_A._Munro" title="USS Douglas A. Munro">USS <i>Douglas A. Munro</i></a> on 23 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorison2002262_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison2002262-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese garrison was gradually destroyed, with the survivors abandoning their remaining positions in the hills and withdrawing to the north of the island on 14 June. On this day 112 Chinese and Indonesian labourers left the Japanese-held area with a note from a senior Japanese officer asking that they be well treated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973453_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973453-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Radio_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Tokyo">Radio Tokyo</a> announced that Tarakan had fallen on 15 June, the last organised Japanese resistance was encountered on 19 June and Whitehead did not declare the island secure until 21 June.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997168_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997168-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2002218_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston2002218-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_problems">Construction problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Construction problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarakan_Airstrip_(AWM_108191).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tarakan_Airstrip_%28AWM_108191%29.jpg/220px-Tarakan_Airstrip_%28AWM_108191%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tarakan_Airstrip_%28AWM_108191%29.jpg/330px-Tarakan_Airstrip_%28AWM_108191%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tarakan_Airstrip_%28AWM_108191%29.jpg/440px-Tarakan_Airstrip_%28AWM_108191%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Tarakan Airstrip two weeks after its capture. Note extensive cratering.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the infantry of the 26th Brigade Group fought the Japanese in the hills, the <a href="/wiki/RAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAAF">RAAF</a> engineers of No. 61 Airfield Construction Wing were engaged in a desperate effort to bring Tarakan's airstrip into operation. As the airstrip had been heavily damaged by pre-invasion bombing and lay in marshy terrain it proved much more difficult to repair than had been expected,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968458–459_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968458–459-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it took eight weeks and not the expected single week to restore the strip to a usable state. Extensive use was made of <a href="/wiki/Marston_Mat" title="Marston Mat">Marston Mat</a>, interlocking steel plates laid down like matting. Remnants of the plates still exist in the car park at Tarakan airport. </p><p>While the airstrip was finally opened on 28 June,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997175_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997175-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was too late for it to play any role in supporting the landings in Brunei or Labuan (10 June), or the landings at Balikpapan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963451–452_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963451–452-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However <a href="/wiki/No._78_Wing_RAAF" title="No. 78 Wing RAAF">No. 78 Wing RAAF</a> was based on Tarakan from 28 June and flew in support of the Balikpapan operation until the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968483_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968483-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efforts to restart production at Tarakan's oilfields were delayed by serious damage to the facilities and Japanese holdouts, and they did not become operational until after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002261_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERottman2002261-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mopping_up">Mopping up</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mopping up"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarakan_patrol_(P02819-002).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tarakan_patrol_%28P02819-002%29.jpg/220px-Tarakan_patrol_%28P02819-002%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tarakan_patrol_%28P02819-002%29.jpg/330px-Tarakan_patrol_%28P02819-002%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tarakan_patrol_%28P02819-002%29.jpg/440px-Tarakan_patrol_%28P02819-002%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>A joint Australian-NEI patrol in a remote part of Tarakan</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the end of organised resistance the surviving Japanese on Tarakan split into small parties which headed to the north and east of the island. The 26th Brigade Group's main combat units were allocated sections of Tarakan which they swept for Japanese. Many Japanese attempted to cross the strait separating Tarakan from the mainland but were intercepted by Allied naval patrols.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973452_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973452-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allied troops also searched for Japanese on <a href="/wiki/Bunyu" title="Bunyu">Bunyu Island</a>, fifteen miles north-east of Tarakan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002261_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERottman2002261-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the first week of July the surviving Japanese became short of food and attempted to return to their old positions in the centre of the island and raid Australian positions in search of food. As their hunger increased more Japanese surrendered. The Australian units continued to patrol in search of Japanese until the <a href="/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day" title="Victory over Japan Day">end of the war</a>, with several Japanese being killed or surrendering each day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963449–450_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963449–450-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These operations cost the 26th Brigade Group a further 36 casualties between June 21 and August 15.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2002218_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston2002218-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 300 Japanese soldiers evaded the Allied patrols, and surrendered at the end of the war in mid-August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aust_flag_Sadau_(090925).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Aust_flag_Sadau_%28090925%29.jpg/220px-Aust_flag_Sadau_%28090925%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Aust_flag_Sadau_%28090925%29.jpg/330px-Aust_flag_Sadau_%28090925%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Aust_flag_Sadau_%28090925%29.jpg/440px-Aust_flag_Sadau_%28090925%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Members of the Australian 2/4th Cavalry Commando Squadron raise the Australian flag over Sadau Island on 30 April 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:24_bn_flag_(AWM_110445).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/24_bn_flag_%28AWM_110445%29.jpg/220px-24_bn_flag_%28AWM_110445%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/24_bn_flag_%28AWM_110445%29.jpg/330px-24_bn_flag_%28AWM_110445%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/24_bn_flag_%28AWM_110445%29.jpg/440px-24_bn_flag_%28AWM_110445%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Members of the 2/24th Battalion pose with captured Japanese swords and flags in July 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>The 26th Brigade Group remained on Tarakan as an occupation force until 27 December 1945, though most of its units were disbanded in October. The Brigade's headquarters returned to Australia in early 1946 and was formally disbanded at <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> in January 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997194–197_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997194–197-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tarakan's oilfields were swiftly repaired and brought back into production. Engineers and technicians arrived shortly after the Allied landing and the first oil pump was restored on 27 June. By October the island's oilfields were producing 8,000 barrels per day and providing employment for many Tarakanese civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997175_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997175-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Allied units committed to the battle carried out their tasks with "skill and professionalism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997203_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997203-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In summing up the operation <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Samuel Eliot Morison</a> wrote that "altogether this was a very well conducted amphibious operation which attained its objectives with minimum loss".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorison2002263_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison2002263-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Battle of Tarakan emphasised the importance of <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> warfare, and especially the need for infantry to cooperate with and be supported by tanks, artillery and engineers during <a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">jungle warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001282_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoates2001282-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Morison's judgement, the 26th Brigade Group's casualties were high in comparison to the other landings in the Borneo campaign. The Brigade suffered more than twice the casualties the 9th Division's other two Brigades suffered during their operations in North Borneo and 23 more fatalities than the 7th Division incurred at Balikpapan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001286,_290_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoates2001286,_290-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 26th Brigade Group's higher losses may be attributable to Tarakan's garrison not being able to withdraw as the garrisons in North Borneo and Balikpapan did.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963452_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963452-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The landing force's achievements were nullified by the fact that the island's airfield could not be brought into action. The faulty intelligence assessment which led the RAAF planners to believe that the airfield could be repaired represented a major failing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968461_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968461-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the RAAF's performance at Tarakan was often poor. This performance may have resulted from the low morale prevalent in many units and the '<a href="/wiki/Morotai_Mutiny" title="Morotai Mutiny">Morotai Mutiny</a>' disrupting 1 TAF's leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968456–457_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968456–457-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with the rest of the Borneo campaign, the Australian operations on Tarakan remain controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19971_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19971-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debate continues over whether the campaign was a meaningless "sideshow", or whether it was justified in the context of the planned operations to both <a href="/wiki/Operation_Downfall" title="Operation Downfall">invade Japan</a> and liberate the rest of the Netherlands East Indies, which were both scheduled to begin in 1946. The Australian official historian <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Long" title="Gavin Long">Gavin Long's</a> judgement that "the results achieved did not justify the cost of the Tarakan operation"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973452_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973452-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is in accordance with the generally held view on the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsStanley2016281-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastingsStanley2016281_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastingsStanley2016281_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHastingsStanley2016">Hastings & Stanley 2016</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERottman2002259-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002259_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002259_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRottman2002">Rottman 2002</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19977-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19977_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963406–408-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963406–408_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, pp. 406–408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19977–9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19977–9_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 7–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19978–9-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19978–9_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19979-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19979_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19979_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19979_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199757-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199757_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963503-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963503_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 503.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963406-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963406_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archieven.nl/nl/search-modonly?mivast=298&mizig=210&miadt=298&micode=400&milang=nl&mizk_alle=NICA%20Tarakan&miview=inv2">"400 Indische Collectie: NICA Tarakan"</a>. <i>Achieven.nl</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Achieven.nl&rft.atitle=400+Indische+Collectie%3A+NICA+Tarakan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archieven.nl%2Fnl%2Fsearch-modonly%3Fmivast%3D298%26mizig%3D210%26miadt%3D298%26micode%3D400%26milang%3Dnl%26mizk_alle%3DNICA%2520Tarakan%26miview%3Dinv2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199748–53-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199748–53_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 48–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963408-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963408_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199754–56-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199754–56_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 54–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973447-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973447_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1973">Long 1973</a>, p. 447.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199755-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199755_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199758-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199758_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199758–59-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199758–59_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 58–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1996304-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1996304_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1996">Powell 1996</a>, p. 304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199729–41-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199729–41_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 29–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973448-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973448_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1973">Long 1973</a>, p. 448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199741–42-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199741–42_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson199881–85-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson199881–85_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1998">Wilson 1998</a>, pp. 81–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199742-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199742_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoates2001280-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001280_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoates2001">Coates 2001</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199766-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199766_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199766_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199766_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198064–65-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198064–65_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFI_Australian_Corps1980">I Australian Corps 1980</a>, pp. 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963412-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963412_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963412_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 412.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens199459-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens199459_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens1994">Stevens 1994</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199757–58-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199757–58_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199746–48-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199746–48_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 46–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199759-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199759_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199761-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199761_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199762-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199762_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison2002259–262-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorison2002259–262_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorison2002">Morison 2002</a>, pp. 259–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962432–433-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962432–433_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBulkley1962">Bulkley 1962</a>, pp. 432–433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1968622-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1968622_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGill1968">Gill 1968</a>, p. 622.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199767–69-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199767–69_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 67–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963414–417-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963414–417_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, pp. 414–417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963417-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963417_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199781-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199781_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198061–62-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198061–62_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFI_Australian_Corps1980">I Australian Corps 1980</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199774–76-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199774–76_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 74–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199778-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199778_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997114-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997114_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulthard-Clark2001252_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoulthard-Clark2001">Coulthard-Clark 2001</a>, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoates2001282-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001282_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001282_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoates2001">Coates 2001</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963426-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963426_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley199798-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley199798_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997133-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997133_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997104–105-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997104–105_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 104–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973451-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973451_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1973">Long 1973</a>, p. 451.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968461-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968461_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968461_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdgers1968">Odgers 1968</a>, p. 461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins1978159–161-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopkins1978159–161_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHopkins1978">Hopkins 1978</a>, pp. 159–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963427-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963427_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963430–434-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963430–434_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, pp. 430–434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198052-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEI_Australian_Corps198052_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFI_Australian_Corps1980">I Australian Corps 1980</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962434-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulkley1962434_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBulkley1962">Bulkley 1962</a>, p. 434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison2002262-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorison2002262_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorison2002">Morison 2002</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973453-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973453_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1973">Long 1973</a>, p. 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997168-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997168_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston2002218-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2002218_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2002218_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnston2002">Johnston 2002</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968458–459-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968458–459_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdgers1968">Odgers 1968</a>, pp. 458–459.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997175-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997175_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997175_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963451–452-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963451–452_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, pp. 451–452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968483-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968483_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdgers1968">Odgers 1968</a>, p. 483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERottman2002261-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002261_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman2002261_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRottman2002">Rottman 2002</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1973452-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973452_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1973452_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1973">Long 1973</a>, p. 452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963449–450-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963449–450_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, pp. 449–450.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997194–197-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997194–197_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, pp. 194–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley1997203-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley1997203_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison2002263-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorison2002263_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorison2002">Morison 2002</a>, pp. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoates2001286,_290-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoates2001286,_290_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoates2001">Coates 2001</a>, pp. 286, 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1963452-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1963452_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1963">Long 1963</a>, p. 452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968456–457-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdgers1968456–457_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdgers1968">Odgers 1968</a>, pp. 456–457.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley19971-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley19971_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanley1997">Stanley 1997</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_Borneo" title="Naval Base Borneo">Naval Base Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Semut" title="Operation Semut">Operation Semut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Agas" title="Operation Agas">Operation Agas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea_campaign" title="Western New Guinea campaign">Western New Guinea campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Naval_Advance_Bases" title="US Naval Advance Bases">US Naval Advance Bases</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI_Australian_Corps1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Australia)" title="I Corps (Australia)">I Australian Corps</a> (1980) [1945?]. "Report on Operations. Borneo Campaign (Appendix to Japanese Monograph No. 26: Borneo Operations (1941–1945))". <i>War in Asia and the Pacific</i>. Vol. 6. The Southern Area (Part I). New York and London: Garland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-3290-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8240-3290-X"><bdi>0-8240-3290-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Report+on+Operations.+Borneo+Campaign+%28Appendix+to+Japanese+Monograph+No.+26%3A+Borneo+Operations+%281941%E2%80%931945%29%29&rft.btitle=War+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8240-3290-X&rft.au=I+Australian+Corps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulkley1962" class="citation book cs1">Bulkley, Robert J. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/CloseQuarters/"><i>At Close Quarters. PT Boats in the United States Navy</i></a>. Washington DC: Naval United States Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Close+Quarters.+PT+Boats+in+the+United+States+Navy&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=Naval+United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Bulkley&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSN%2FCloseQuarters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Coates_(general)" title="John Coates (general)">Coates, John</a> (2001). <i>An Atlas of Australia's Wars</i>. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-554119-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-554119-7"><bdi>0-19-554119-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Atlas+of+Australia%27s+Wars&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-554119-7&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoulthard-Clark2001" class="citation book cs1">Coulthard-Clark, Chris (2001). <i>The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles</i>. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86508-634-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86508-634-7"><bdi>1-86508-634-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Australia%27s+Battles&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-86508-634-7&rft.aulast=Coulthard-Clark&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill1968" class="citation book cs1">Gill, G Herman (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070208/"><i>Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_War_of_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Australia in the War of 1939–1945">Australia in the War of 1939–1945</a>. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65475">65475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Australian+Navy%2C+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Australia+in+the+War+of+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65475&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=G+Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1070208%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastingsStanley2016" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, Tony; Stanley, Peter (2016). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'To capture Tarakan': Was Operation Oboe 1 Unnecessary?". In Dean, Peter J. (ed.). <i>Australia 1944–45</i>. Port Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press. pp. 278–297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107083462" title="Special:BookSources/9781107083462"><bdi>9781107083462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27To+capture+Tarakan%27%3A+Was+Operation+Oboe+1+Unnecessary%3F&rft.btitle=Australia+1944%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Port+Melbourne%2C+Australia&rft.pages=278-297&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781107083462&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hopkins" title="Ronald Hopkins">Hopkins, R.N.L.</a> (1978). <i>Australian Armour: A History of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 1927–1972</i>. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-642-99407-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-642-99407-2"><bdi>0-642-99407-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Armour%3A+A+History+of+the+Royal+Australian+Armoured+Corps+1927%E2%80%931972&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Publishing+Service&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-642-99407-2&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=R.N.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2002" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Mark (2002). <i>That Magnificent 9th. An Illustrated History of the 9th Australian Division 1940–46</i>. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86508-654-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86508-654-1"><bdi>1-86508-654-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=That+Magnificent+9th.+An+Illustrated+History+of+the+9th+Australian+Division+1940%E2%80%9346&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86508-654-1&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Long" title="Gavin Long">Long, Gavin</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070206/"><i>The Final Campaigns</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_War_of_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Australia in the War of 1939–1945">Australia in the War of 1939–1945</a>. Series 1 – Army. Volume VII. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1297619">1297619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Final+Campaigns&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Australia+in+the+War+of+1939%E2%80%931945.+Series+1+%E2%80%93+Army.+Volume+VII&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1297619&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1070206%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Long" title="Gavin Long">Long, Gavin</a> (1973). <i>The Six Years War: Australia in the 1939–45 War</i>. Canberra: <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a> and the Australian Government Publishing Service. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-642-99375-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-642-99375-0"><bdi>0-642-99375-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Six+Years+War%3A+Australia+in+the+1939%E2%80%9345+War&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial+and+the+Australian+Government+Publishing+Service&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-642-99375-0&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Morison, Samuel Eliot</a> (2002) [1959]. <i>The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944–1945</i>. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/025207064X" title="Special:BookSources/025207064X"><bdi>025207064X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liberation+of+the+Philippines%3A+Luzon%2C+Mindanao%2C+the+Visayas%2C+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Urbana%2C+Illinois&rft.series=History+of+United+States+Naval+Operations+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=025207064X&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdgers1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Odgers" title="George Odgers">Odgers, George</a> (1968) [1957]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070210/"><i>Air War Against Japan, 1943–1945</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_War_of_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Australia in the War of 1939–1945">Australia in the War of 1939–1945</a>. Series 3 – Air. Volume II. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1990609">1990609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+War+Against+Japan%2C+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Australia+in+the+War+of+1939%E2%80%931945.+Series+3+%E2%80%93+Air.+Volume+II&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1990609&rft.aulast=Odgers&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1070210%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1996" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Alan (1996). <i>War by Stealth: Australians and the Allied Intelligence Bureau, 1942–1945</i>. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-522-84691-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-522-84691-2"><bdi>0-522-84691-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+by+Stealth%3A+Australians+and+the+Allied+Intelligence+Bureau%2C+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-522-84691-2&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottman2002" class="citation book cs1">Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). <i>World War II Pacific Island Guide. A Geo-Military Study</i>. Westport: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31395-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31395-4"><bdi>0-313-31395-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Pacific+Island+Guide.+A+Geo-Military+Study&rft.place=Westport&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-313-31395-4&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stanley" title="Peter Stanley">Stanley, Peter</a> (1997). <i>Tarakan: An Australian Tragedy</i>. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86448-278-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86448-278-8"><bdi>1-86448-278-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarakan%3A+An+Australian+Tragedy&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-86448-278-8&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens1994" class="citation book cs1">Stevens, Alan (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080804095044/http://www.army.gov.au/AHU/books_articles/ConferencePapers/Amphibious_Operations_Stephens.htm">"The Royal Australian Air Force and Amphibious Operations in the South-West Pacific Area"</a>. In Wahlert, Glenn (ed.). <i>Australian Army Amphibious Operations in the South-West Pacific: 1942–45</i>. Canberra: Army Doctrine Centre. pp. 30–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780642226679" title="Special:BookSources/9780642226679"><bdi>9780642226679</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defence.gov.au/Army/AHU/books_articles/ConferencePapers/Amphibious_Operations_Stephens.htm">the original</a> on 2008-08-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Australian+Air+Force+and+Amphibious+Operations+in+the+South-West+Pacific+Area&rft.btitle=Australian+Army+Amphibious+Operations+in+the+South-West+Pacific%3A+1942%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=30-41&rft.pub=Army+Doctrine+Centre&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780642226679&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defence.gov.au%2FArmy%2FAHU%2Fbooks_articles%2FConferencePapers%2FAmphibious_Operations_Stephens.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1998" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, David (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170219155115/http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/publications/Details/219/Always-First-The-RAAF-Airfield-Construction-Squadrons-19421974.aspx"><i>Always First: The RAAF Airfield Construction Squadrons 1942–1974</i></a>. Sydney: Air Power Studies Centre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-642-26525-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-642-26525-9"><bdi>0-642-26525-9</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on 2017-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Always+First%3A+The+RAAF+Airfield+Construction+Squadrons+1942%E2%80%931974&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Air+Power+Studies+Centre&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-642-26525-9&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairpower.airforce.gov.au%2Fpublications%2FDetails%2F219%2FAlways-First-The-RAAF-Airfield-Construction-Squadrons-19421974.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoombes2001" class="citation book cs1">Coombes, David (2001). <i>Morshead: Hero of Tobruk and El Alamein</i>. Australian Army History Series. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-551398-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-551398-3"><bdi>0-19-551398-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morshead%3A+Hero+of+Tobruk+and+El+Alamein&rft.series=Australian+Army+History+Series&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-551398-3&rft.aulast=Coombes&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCravenCate,_James1953" class="citation book cs1">Craven, Wesley; Cate, James, eds. (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/V/index.html"><i>The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki</i></a>. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Volume V. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/256469807">256469807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pacific%3A+Matterhorn+to+Nagasaki&rft.place=Chicago&rft.series=The+Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II.+Volume+V&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F256469807&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FV%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgawa1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Ogawa, Itsu (1980) [1957]. "Japanese Monograph No. 26: Borneo Operations (1941–1945)". <i>War in Asia and the Pacific</i>. Vol. 6. The Southern Area (Part I). New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-3290-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8240-3290-X"><bdi>0-8240-3290-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese+Monograph+No.+26%3A+Borneo+Operations+%281941%E2%80%931945%29&rft.btitle=War+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing%2C+Inc&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8240-3290-X&rft.aulast=Ogawa&rft.aufirst=Itsu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Navy1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> (1959). <i>Naval Staff History Second World War: War with Japan, Volume VI; The Advance to Japan</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Stationery_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Stationery Office">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-772821-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-772821-7"><bdi>0-11-772821-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Staff+History+Second+World+War%3A+War+with+Japan%2C+Volume+VI%3B+The+Advance+to+Japan&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-11-772821-7&rft.au=Royal+Navy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stanley" title="Peter Stanley">Stanley, Peter</a> (1995). "An Oboe Concerto: Reflections on the Borneo Landings, 1945". In Wahlert, Glenn (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327091426/https://www.army.gov.au/sites/default/files/1994_australian_army_amphibious_operations_in_sw_pacific_1942-45_0.pdf?acsf_files_redirect"><i>Australian Army Amphibious Operations in the South-West Pacific: 1942–45</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canberra: Army Doctrine Centre. pp. 74–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780642226679" title="Special:BookSources/9780642226679"><bdi>9780642226679</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1846/f/1994_australian_army_amphibious_operations_in_sw_pacific_1942-45_0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-03-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Oboe+Concerto%3A+Reflections+on+the+Borneo+Landings%2C+1945&rft.btitle=Australian+Army+Amphibious+Operations+in+the+South-West+Pacific%3A+1942%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=74-86&rft.pub=Army+Doctrine+Centre&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780642226679&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fg%2Ffiles%2Fnet1846%2Ff%2F1994_australian_army_amphibious_operations_in_sw_pacific_1942-45_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1957" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Walker, Allan Seymour (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070220/"><i>The Island Campaigns</i></a>. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Vol. Series 5 – Medical. Volume III. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/249848614">249848614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+Campaigns&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Australia+in+the+War+of+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F249848614&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Allan+Seymour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1070220%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Tarakan+%281945%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Tarakan (1945)">Battle of Tarakan (1945)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tracesofwar.com/docs/doc.asp?documentid=132">Operations instructions no 99, Tarakan Island, March 1945</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)&params=3_21_0_N_117_34_0_E_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°21′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°34′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.35000°N 117.56667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">3.35000; 117.56667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regencies_and_cities_of_North_Kalimantan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Kalimantan" title="Template:North Kalimantan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Kalimantan" title="Template talk:North Kalimantan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Kalimantan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Kalimantan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regencies_and_cities_of_North_Kalimantan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regencies and cities of <a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan" title="North Kalimantan">North Kalimantan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Selor" title="Tanjung Selor">Tanjung Selor</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/Regency_(Indonesia)" title="Regency (Indonesia)">Regencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align: top"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulungan_Regency" title="Bulungan Regency">Bulungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malinau_Regency" title="Malinau Regency">Malinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunukan_Regency" title="Nunukan Regency">Nunukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Tidung_Regency" title="Tana Tidung Regency">Tana Tidung</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Kalimantan_(2021_version).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of North Kalimantan"><img alt="Seal of North Kalimantan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Kalimantan_%282021_version%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Kalimantan_%282021_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Kalimantan_%282021_version%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Kalimantan_%282021_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Kalimantan_%282021_version%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Kalimantan_%282021_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="791" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Indonesia" title="City status in Indonesia">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align: top"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarakan" title="Tarakan">Tarakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">List of regencies and cities of Indonesia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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