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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Psalm 80 Pulpit Commentary</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/5001com.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="../spec.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 4800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 4800px)" href="/4801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1550px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1550px)" href="/1551.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1250px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1250px)" href="/1251.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1050px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1050px)" href="/1051.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 900px), only screen and (max-device-width: 900px)" href="/901.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 800px)" href="/801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 575px), only screen and (max-device-width: 575px)" href="/501.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-height: 450px), only screen and (max-device-height: 450px)" href="/h451.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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thou that dwellest <i>between</i> the cherubims, shine forth.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 1.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel.</span> The title, "Shepherd of Israel," is a new one; but it follows naturally from the metaphor, so often employed (<a href="/psalms/74-1.htm">Psalm 74:1</a>; <a href="/psalms/77-20.htm">Psalm 77:20</a>; <a href="/psalms/78-52.htm">Psalm 78:52</a>; <a href="/psalms/79-13.htm">Psalm 79:13</a>), of Israel being God's "flock." <span class="cmt_word">Thou that leadest Joseph like a flock.</span> "Thou that <span class="accented">leddest"</span> (Cheyne). The mention of "Joseph" shows at once that the thoughts of the psalmist are fixed on the northern kingdom. <span class="cmt_word">Thou that dwellest between the cherubims.</span> The two cherubim that overshadowed the mercy seat seem to be meant. Shine forth; <span class="accented">i.e.</span> "show thyself - manifest thy might" (comp. <a href="/psalms/50-2.htm">Psalm 50:2</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-2.htm">Psalm 80:2</a></div><div class="verse">Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh stir up thy strength, and come <i>and</i> save us.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 2.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh</span>. "Ephraim" and "Manasseh" form a natural expansion of the "Joseph" of the preceding verse; but it is difficult to understand the mention of "Benjamin" here. Hengstenberg suggests, and both Canon Cook and Professor Cheyne seem to accept the suggestion, that it was only a small portion of Benjamin which adhered to Judah at the division of the kingdoms, the greater part attaching itself to the rival power. <span class="cmt_word">Stir up thy strength</span>; <span class="accented">i.e.</span> "rouse thyself from thine inaction - come forward, and make thy might to appear." <span class="cmt_word">And come and save us;</span> literally, <span class="accented">come for salvation to us.</span> The writer identifies himself with the rebel tribes, who, after all, are a part of God's people - a part of Israel. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-3.htm">Psalm 80:3</a></div><div class="verse">Turn us again, O God, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 3.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Turn us again, O God</span>; or, <span class="accented">restore us</span> - "bring us back" - <span class="accented">i.e.</span> bring those of us who are in exile (<a href="/2_kings/15-29.htm">2 Kings 15:29</a>) back to our country. <span class="cmt_word">And cause thy face to shine</span> (comp. <a href="/numbers/6-25.htm">Numbers 6:25</a>; <a href="/psalms/31-16.htm">Psalm 31:16</a>; <a href="/psalms/67-1.htm">Psalm 67:1</a>). The metaphor scarcely needs explanation. <span class="cmt_word">And we shall be saved.</span> If thou lookest upon us with favour, our salvation is assured. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-4.htm">Psalm 80:4</a></div><div class="verse">O LORD God of hosts, how long wilt thou be angry against the prayer of thy people?</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 4.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">O Lord God of hosts</span>. A form of address unusual in the Psalms, but occurring in <a href="/psalms/59-5.htm">Psalm 59:5</a>; <a href="/psalms/84-8.htm">Psalm 84:8</a>; and below in ver. 18. <span class="cmt_word">How long wilt thou be angry against the prayer of thy people?</span> literally, <span class="accented">how long wilt thou smoke?</span> (comp. <a href="/psalms/74-1.htm">Psalm 74:1</a>). "Against the prayer" means "in spite of the prayer," or "notwithstanding the prayer." Ordinarily, God forgives, and ceases from his anger, as soon as the afflicted one makes earnest prayer to him. But this is not always so. A time comes when his wrath cannot be appeased - when "there is no remedy" (<a href="/2_chronicles/36-16.htm">2 Chronicles 36:16</a>). Evil has been persisted in too long. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-5.htm">Psalm 80:5</a></div><div class="verse">Thou feedest them with the bread of tears; and givest them tears to drink in great measure.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 5.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Thou feedest them with the bread of tears</span> (comp. <a href="/psalms/42-2.htm">Psalm 42:2</a>, "My tears have been my meat day and night"). <span class="cmt_word">And givest them tears to drink in great measure</span>; or, <span class="accented">and givest them to drink a copious draught of tears</span>; literally, <span class="accented">shalish</span> is a measure of capacity, probably the third part of an ephah (see <a href="/isaiah/40-12.htm">Isaiah 40:12</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-6.htm">Psalm 80:6</a></div><div class="verse">Thou makest us a strife unto our neighbours: and our enemies laugh among themselves.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 6.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Thou makest us a strife unto our neighbours.</span> A great invasion, Assyrian or Babylonian, was always a signal to the near neighbours of Israel - Syria, Moab, Ammon, Edom - to indulge in hostilities (see <a href="/2_kings/24-2.htm">2 Kings 24:2</a>). <span class="cmt_word">And our enemies laugh among themselves</span> (comp. <a href="/psalms/44-13.htm">Psalm 44:13</a>; <a href="/psalms/79-4.htm">Psalm 79:4</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-7.htm">Psalm 80:7</a></div><div class="verse">Turn us again, O God of hosts, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 7.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Turn us again, O Goal of hosts, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved.</span> Here the refrain occurs for the second time, but with the slight variation or "O God of hosts" instead of "O God" simply (see the comment on ver. 19). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-8.htm">Psalm 80:8</a></div><div class="verse">Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt: thou hast cast out the heathen, and planted it.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 8-19.</span> - The poet, to excite God's compassion, proceeds to depict Israel as it was and as it is. He adopts the figure of a vine, perhaps suggested to him by the description of Joseph in the dying speech of Jacob (<a href="/genesis/49-22.htm">Genesis 49:22</a>), and carries out his metaphor, in nine consecutive verses, with great beauty and consistency. Isaiah's description of Israel as a vineyard (<a href="/isaiah/5-1.htm">Isaiah 5:1-7</a>) is somewhat similar. <span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 8.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt</span>. The history of Israel <span class="accented">as a nation</span> begins with the Exodus. The nation was transplanted from Egypt into a soil better fitted for it by the loving hand of God, in order that it might have ample room to grow up and develop itself freely. God "brought it out of Egypt," not merely in the exercise of his ordinary providence over humanity, but by an active exertion of his Almighty power, and a long series of miraculous manifestations, without which the transfer could not have been effected. He then cast out the heathen, and planted it - drove out, that is, before Israel the seven nations of the Hivites, Hittites, Gergashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, and Jebusites, and, having driven them out, "planted" in his own people (see <a href="/psalms/44-2.htm">Psalm 44:2</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-9.htm">Psalm 80:9</a></div><div class="verse">Thou preparedst <i>room</i> before it, and didst cause it to take deep root, and it filled the land.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 9.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Thou preparest room before it.</span> The "room" was made by the removal of the heathen inhabitants, who were first greatly weakened by Rameses III., and then driven out by Joshua. <span class="cmt_word">And didst cause it to take deep root;</span> rather, <span class="accented">and it took deep</span> root, as in the Revised Version. <span class="cmt_word">And it filled the land</span> (comp. <a href="/deuteronomy/11-24.htm">Deuteronomy 11:24</a>; <a href="/joshua/1-3.htm">Joshua 1:3</a>). Possession was taken of the whole land, not at once (<a href="/judges/1-27.htm">Judges 1:27-36</a>), but slowly and surely; the furthest limits being reached in David's time (<a href="/1_kings/4-21.htm">1 Kings 4:21, 24</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-10.htm">Psalm 80:10</a></div><div class="verse">The hills were covered with the shadow of it, and the boughs thereof <i>were like</i> the goodly cedars.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 10.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">The hills were covered with the shadow of it.</span> The "hills" intended are probably those of the south - the hill country of Judah - since the clauses which follow designate the boundaries towards the north, west, and east. (So Hengstenberg, Kay, Professor Cheyne, and others.) <span class="cmt_word">And the boughs thereof were like the goodly cedars</span>; rather, <span class="accented">and the goodly cedar trees were covered with their branches.</span> The cedars of Lebanon are intended. They marked the boundary line on the north. The psalmist calls them "cedars of God," by a strong, but not unprecedented (<a href="/psalms/36-6.htm">Psalm 36:6</a>), hyperbole. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-11.htm">Psalm 80:11</a></div><div class="verse">She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 11.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">She sent out her boughs unto the sea</span>. The Mediterranean; the western boundary of the land. <span class="cmt_word">And her branches</span> (or, <span class="accented">her shoots</span>, Revised Version) <span class="cmt_word">unto the river.</span> The Euphrates (see <a href="/genesis/15-18.htm">Genesis 15:18</a>; <a href="/1_kings/4-21.htm">1 Kings 4:21, 24</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-12.htm">Psalm 80:12</a></div><div class="verse">Why hast thou <i>then</i> broken down her hedges, so that all they which pass by the way do pluck her?</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 12.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Why hast thou then broken down her hedges?</span> or, <span class="accented">her fences.</span> Vineyards in the East were fenced round with walls (see <a href="/isaiah/5-5.htm">Isaiah 5:5</a>). So all they which <span class="cmt_word">pass</span> by the <span class="cmt_word">way do</span> pluck her; <span class="accented">i.e.</span> "pluck off her grapes" - ravage her and plunder her (comp. <a href="/psalms/89-40.htm">Psalm 89:40, 41</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-13.htm">Psalm 80:13</a></div><div class="verse">The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 13.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">The boar out of the wood doth waste it</span>. The "boar out of the wood," <span class="accented">i.e.</span> the wild boar - is probably Tiglath-pileser (<a href="/2_kings/15-29.htm">2 Kings 15:29</a>), or the Assyrian power generally. <span class="cmt_word">And the wild beast of the field doth devour it.</span> Other beasts, <span class="accented">i.e.</span> other enemies of Israel, join in and share in the plundering (see above, ver. 6, and comp. <a href="/jeremiah/5-6.htm">Jeremiah 5:6</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-14.htm">Psalm 80:14</a></div><div class="verse">Return, we beseech thee, O God of hosts: look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine;</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 14.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Return, we beseech thee, O God of hosts</span>; <span class="accented">i.e.</span> "come back to us, to be our Helper and Defender." <span class="cmt_word">Look down from heaven, and behold</span>. Condescend to "look down" upon us "from heaven," thy dwelling place, and "behold" - take note of our condition, see how we suffer, and thou wilt be sure to visit this vine; <span class="accented">i.e.</span> to "visit" it, not in wrath, but in loving kindness and compassion - to "visit it with thy salvation" (<a href="/psalms/106-4.htm">Psalm 106:4</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-15.htm">Psalm 80:15</a></div><div class="verse">And the vineyard which thy right hand hath planted, and the branch <i>that</i> thou madest strong for thyself.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 15.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And the vineyard which thy right hand hath planted</span>; rather, <span class="accented">the stock.</span> (So Kay, Cheyne, and the Revised Version.) Some, however, regard <span class="hebrew">כַנָּה</span> as a verb, and translate, "Establish that which thy right hand has planted" (see the LXX., Michaelis, Hupfeld, Canon Cook, and others). <span class="cmt_word">And the branch that thou madest strong for thyself;</span> literally, <span class="accented">the son</span>, which <span class="accented">may</span> mean the offshoot (comp. <a href="/genesis/49-22.htm">Genesis 49:22</a>). Is this offshoot Ephraim? or is the entire vine, all Israel, intended? </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-16.htm">Psalm 80:16</a></div><div class="verse"><i>It is</i> burned with fire, <i>it is</i> cut down: they perish at the rebuke of thy countenance.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 16.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">It is burned with fire, it is cut down.</span> The flames of war have begun to consume it - it is no longer a vine, but mere fuel (comp. <a href="/isaiah/33-12.htm">Isaiah 33:12</a>), ready to be burned. <span class="cmt_word">They perish at the rebuke of thy countenance.</span> Here the metaphor is dropped. The climax has been reached, and the matter is too serious for rhetorical treatment. The nation typified by the vine, the Israel of God, is perishing - perishing "at the rebuke of God's countenance" - because his favour is withdrawn from them. Unless God steps in to save, destruction is certain. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-17.htm">Psalm 80:17</a></div><div class="verse">Let thy hand be upon the man of thy right hand, upon the son of man <i>whom</i> thou madest strong for thyself.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 17.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Let thy hand be upon the man of thy right hand.</span> Either upon Israel generally, or upon Ephraim - the northern kingdom - especially. A Judaean poet interceding for the rival state, is touching. <span class="cmt_word">Upon the son of man whom thou madest strong for thyself</span> (comp. ver. 15 and the comment). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-18.htm">Psalm 80:18</a></div><div class="verse">So will not we go back from thee: quicken us, and we will call upon thy name.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 18.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">So will not we go back from thee;</span> <span class="accented">i.e.</span> "we shall not go hack from thee <span class="accented">any more</span>." Gratitude for our deliverance will hind us fast to thy service. <span class="cmt_word">Quicken us</span> (comp. <a href="/hosea/6-2.htm">Hosea 6:2</a>). The prayer is for national rather than spiritual life - for a recovery from the destruction which has almost come upon them (ver. 16). <span class="cmt_word">And we will call upon thy Name</span>; <span class="accented">i.e.</span> we will be faithful to thee henceforth; we will not go after other gods, but "call upon" thee, and thee only. The poet makes himself the spokesman of the whole nation. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/psalms/80-19.htm">Psalm 80:19</a></div><div class="verse">Turn us again, O LORD God of hosts, cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 19.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Turn us again, O Lord God of hosts, cause thy face to shine; and we shall</span> <span class="cmt_word">he saved.</span> The psalm is closed by the refrain in its third and most perfect form. First we had, "Turn us again, O God" (ver. 3); then, "Turn us again, O God of hosts" (ver. 7); now, "Turn us again, O Lord God of hosts" - the appeal to God continually increasing in intensity. Having made his third appeal by the covenant Name, the psalmist seems to feel that he has done all that he can, and desists. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span> <span class="p"><br /><br /></span> </div></div></div><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">The Pulpit Commentary, Electronic Database. 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