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Gubernija – Vikipedija

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Available in 51 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 kalba</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="غوبرنيه – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوبرنيه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quberniya_(Rusiya)" title="Quberniya (Rusiya) – azerbaidžaniečių" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quberniya (Rusiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžaniečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobern%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Gobernėjė – žemaičių" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gobernėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaičių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Губерня – baltarusių" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Губерня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltarusių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Губэрня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Губэрня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Губерния – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Губерния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gub%C3%A8rnia" title="Gubèrnia – katalonų" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gubèrnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernie" title="Gubernie – čekų" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gubernie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Кĕпĕрне – čiuvašų" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕпĕрне" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čiuvašų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_(Russland)" title="Gouvernement (Russland) – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gouvernement (Russland)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorate_(Russia)" title="Governorate (Russia) – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Governorate (Russia)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobernaciones_del_Imperio_ruso" title="Gobernaciones del Imperio ruso – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobernaciones del Imperio ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubermang" title="Kubermang – estų" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kubermang" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernia" title="Gubernia – baskų" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gubernia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87)" title="فرمانداری (روسیه) – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمانداری (روسیه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvernementti" title="Kuvernementti – suomių" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuvernementti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="suomių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_(Empire_russe)" title="Gouvernement (Empire russe) – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement (Empire russe)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernia" title="Gubernia – galisų" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gubernia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9A_(%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="פלך (האימפריה הרוסית) – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלך (האימפריה הרוסית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernija" title="Gubernija – kroatų" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gubernija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korm%C3%A1nyz%C3%B3s%C3%A1g_(Oroszorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Kormányzóság (Oroszország) – vengrų" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kormányzóság (Oroszország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="vengrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegubernuran_(Rusia)" title="Kegubernuran (Rusia) – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kegubernuran (Rusia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernija" title="Gubernija – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gubernija" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A4" title="グベールニヤ – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グベールニヤ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გუბერნია – gruzinų" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუბერნია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Губерния – kazachų" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Губерния" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%BC" title="구베르니야 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구베르니야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Губерния – kirgizų" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Губерния" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernium" title="Gubernium – lotynų" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gubernium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotynų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guber%C5%86a" title="Guberņa – latvių" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Guberņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goebernija" title="Goebernija – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goebernija" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernija" title="Gubernija – naujoji norvegų" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gubernija" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="naujoji norvegų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernija" title="Gubernija – norvegų bukmolas" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gubernija" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegų bukmolas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernia" title="Gubernia – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gubernia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernia" title="Gubernia – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gubernia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernie" title="Gubernie – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gubernie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Губерния – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Губерния" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernija" title="Gubernija – serbų-kroatų" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gubernija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbų-kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernia" title="Gubernia – slovakų" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gubernia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernija" title="Gubernija – slovėnų" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gubernija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Губернија – serbų" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Губернија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Губерния – tadžikų" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Губерния" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guberniya" title="Guberniya – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guberniya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Губерна – totorių" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Губерна" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="totorių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Губерния – tuvių" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Губерния" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Губернія – ukrainiečių" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Губернія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3)" title="گورنریٹ (روس) – urdų" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گورنریٹ (روس)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guberna" title="Guberna – uzbekų" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Guberna" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guberniya" title="Guberniya – vietnamiečių" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Guberniya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გუბერნია – megrelų" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გუბერნია" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Straipsnis iš Vikipedijos, laisvosios enciklopedijos.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lt" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><div class="dablink" style="font-size: 90%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> <i>Kitos reikšmės&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Gubernija_(reik%C5%A1m%C4%97s)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gubernija (reikšmės)">Gubernija (reikšmės)</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:History_of_Russia,_1682-1762.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/History_of_Russia%2C_1682-1762.jpg/220px-History_of_Russia%2C_1682-1762.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/History_of_Russia%2C_1682-1762.jpg/330px-History_of_Russia%2C_1682-1762.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/History_of_Russia%2C_1682-1762.jpg/440px-History_of_Russia%2C_1682-1762.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Rusijos padalijimas į gubernijas 1708 m.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Administrative_division_of_Russia_1848-1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Administrative_division_of_Russia_1848-1878.jpg/220px-Administrative_division_of_Russia_1848-1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Administrative_division_of_Russia_1848-1878.jpg/330px-Administrative_division_of_Russia_1848-1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Administrative_division_of_Russia_1848-1878.jpg/440px-Administrative_division_of_Russia_1848-1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2697" data-file-height="1717" /></a><figcaption>Rusijos imperija 1848–1878 m.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Imperial_Russia_-_Europe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Imperial_Russia_-_Europe.jpg/220px-Imperial_Russia_-_Europe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Imperial_Russia_-_Europe.jpg/330px-Imperial_Russia_-_Europe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Imperial_Russia_-_Europe.jpg/440px-Imperial_Russia_-_Europe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="3068" /></a><figcaption>Rusijos imperija XX a. pradžioje</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gubernija</b> (<a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rus.</a> <i>губерния</i>) – administracinis teritorinis vienetas <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusijoje</a> nuo <a href="/wiki/1708" class="mw-redirect" title="1708">1708</a> iki <a href="/wiki/1920" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a> m. ir <a href="/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva">Lietuvos</a> dalyje nuo <a href="/wiki/1768" class="mw-redirect" title="1768">1768</a> iki <a href="/wiki/1915" class="mw-redirect" title="1915">1915</a> m. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rusija">Rusija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Rusija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Rusija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rusijos_imperija" title="Rusijos imperija">Rusijos imperijoje</a> gubernijas <a href="/wiki/Caras" title="Caras">caras</a> <a href="/wiki/Petras_I" title="Petras I">Petras I</a> įvedė 1708&#160;m. įsaku. Iš pradžių buvo sudarytos 8 gubernijos: Ingermanlandijos (nuo <a href="/wiki/1710" class="mw-redirect" title="1710">1710</a>&#160;m. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankt_Peterburgo_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankt Peterburgo gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sankt Peterburgo gubernija</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maskvos_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maskvos gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Maskvos gubernija</a>, Archangelo miesto (nuo <a href="/wiki/1780" class="mw-redirect" title="1780">1780</a>&#160;m. <a href="/wiki/Archangelsko_gubernija" title="Archangelsko gubernija">Archangelsko gubernija</a>), <a href="/wiki/Smolenskas" title="Smolenskas">Smolensko</a> (nuo <a href="/wiki/1713" class="mw-redirect" title="1713">1713</a>&#160;m. <a href="/wiki/Rygos_gubernija" class="mw-redirect" title="Rygos gubernija">Rygos gubernija</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kijevo_gubernija" title="Kijevo gubernija">Kijevo gubernija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan%C4%97s_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazanės gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kazanės gubernija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azovo_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Azovo gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Azovo gubernija</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Sibiro_gubernija" title="Sibiro gubernija">Sibiro gubernija</a>. 1713–<a href="/wiki/1719" class="mw-redirect" title="1719">1719</a>&#160;m. sudarytos naujos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ni%C5%BEnij_Novgorodo_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nižnij Novgorodo gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Nižnij Novgorodo gubernija</a> ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrachan%C4%97s_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrachanės gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Astrachanės gubernija</a>. </p><p>Gubernijos padalytos į dalis, nuo 1719&#160;m. į <a href="/wiki/Provincija" title="Provincija">provincijas</a>, o šios į distriktus. Gubernijos vadovu buvo skiriamas <a href="/wiki/Gubernatorius" title="Gubernatorius">gubernatorius</a> (Sankt Peterburgo ir Azovo gubernijoms&#160;– generalgubernatorius), kuris vadovavo administraciniam biurokratiniam aparatui, <a href="/wiki/Policija" title="Policija">policijai</a>, finansams, <a href="/wiki/Teismas" title="Teismas">teismui</a> ir buvo vyriausias gubernijoje dislokuotų <a href="/wiki/Kariuomen%C4%97" title="Kariuomenė">kariuomenės</a> dalinių vadas. Provincijai vadovavo <a href="/wiki/Vaivada" title="Vaivada">vaivada</a>, distriktui&#160;– žemės komisaras. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1775" class="mw-redirect" title="1775">1775</a>–<a href="/wiki/1780" class="mw-redirect" title="1780">1780</a>&#160;m. po <a href="/wiki/Jemeljanas_Puga%C4%8Diovas" title="Jemeljanas Pugačiovas">Jemeljano Pugačiovo</a> sukilimo iškilus būtinybei stiprinti vietinę valdžią, <a href="/wiki/Jekaterina_II" title="Jekaterina II">Jekaterina II</a> sudarė 40 gubernijų, kiekvienoje po 300–400 tūkst. dūšių. Jos valdymo pabaigoje, po <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%8Diasis_Abiej%C5%B3_Taut%C5%B3_Respublikos_padalijimas" title="Trečiasis Abiejų Tautų Respublikos padalijimas">Trečiojo Abiejų Tautų Respublikos padalijimo</a> buvo jau 51 gubernija. Buvo likviduotos provincijos. Gubernijos padalytos į <a href="/wiki/Apskritis" title="Apskritis">apskritis</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Vals%C4%8Dius" title="Valsčius">valsčius</a> po 20-30 tūkst. gyventojų (iš viso apie 500 apskričių). Gubernatoriai tapo pavaldūs <a href="/wiki/Senatas" title="Senatas">Senatui</a> ir Generaliniam <a href="/wiki/Prokuroras" title="Prokuroras">prokurorui</a>. Jo padėjėju tapo vicegubernatorius. Valsčiui vadovavo <a href="/wiki/Kapitonas" title="Kapitonas">kapitonas</a>, renkamas dvarininkų suvažiavime 3 metams. </p><p>Po <a href="/wiki/1860" class="mw-redirect" title="1860">1860</a>&#160;m. pradėtos steigti generalgubernijos nacionaliniuose pakraščiuose, be to, įkurta 20 sričių pasienio teritorijose, prilygintų gubernijoms. 34 gubernijose leista rinkti žemių savivaldybes, o jų miestuose&#160;– miesto dūmas ir sudaryti valdybas. <a href="/wiki/1889" class="mw-redirect" title="1889">1889</a>&#160;m. atlikta reforma sustiprino vietinės bajorijos vaidmenį. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1917" class="mw-redirect" title="1917">1917</a>&#160;m. <a href="/wiki/Vasario_revoliucija" title="Vasario revoliucija">Vasario revoliucija</a> vietoje gubernatorių įvedė komisarų institutą. Iš buvusių 78 gubernijų 1917–<a href="/wiki/1920" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a>&#160;m. 25 gubernijos atiteko <a href="/wiki/Lenkija" title="Lenkija">Lenkijai</a>, Lietuvai, <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvijai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estija" title="Estija">Estijai</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Suomija" title="Suomija">Suomijai</a>, tapusioms nepriklausomomis valstybėmis. <a href="/wiki/1924" class="mw-redirect" title="1924">1924</a>–<a href="/wiki/1929" class="mw-redirect" title="1929">1929</a>&#160;m. vietoje likusių gubernijų įsteigtos sritys ir kraštai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lietuva">Lietuva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Lietuva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lietuva"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1772" class="mw-redirect" title="1772">1772</a>–<a href="/wiki/1795" class="mw-redirect" title="1795">1795</a> m., kai buvo padalyta <a href="/wiki/Abiej%C5%B3_Taut%C5%B3_Respublika" title="Abiejų Tautų Respublika">Abiejų Tautų Respublika</a>, <a href="/wiki/LDK" class="mw-redirect" title="LDK">LDK</a> teritorijoje buvo sudarytos šios gubernijos: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilniaus_generalgubernatorija" title="Vilniaus generalgubernatorija">Vilniaus generalgubernatorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilniaus_gubernija" title="Vilniaus gubernija">Vilniaus gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauno_gubernija" title="Kauno gubernija">Kauno gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardino_gubernija" title="Gardino gubernija">Gardino gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1o_gubernija" title="Kuršo gubernija">Kuršo gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsko_gubernija" title="Minsko gubernija">Minsko gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogiliavo_gubernija" title="Mogiliavo gubernija">Mogiliavo gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitebsko_gubernija" title="Vitebsko gubernija">Vitebsko gubernija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kijevo_genaralgubernatorija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kijevo genaralgubernatorija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kijevo genaralgubernatorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kijevo_gubernija" title="Kijevo gubernija">Kijevo gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluin%C4%97s_gubernija" title="Voluinės gubernija">Voluinės gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podol%C4%97s_gubernija" title="Podolės gubernija">Podolės gubernija</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/1795" class="mw-redirect" title="1795">1795</a> m. <a href="/wiki/Gruod%C5%BEio_25" title="Gruodžio 25">gruodžio 25</a> d. iš prijungtųjų prie <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusijos</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilniaus_vaivadija" class="mw-disambig" title="Vilniaus vaivadija">Vilniaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trak%C5%B3_vaivadija" title="Trakų vaivadija">Trakų</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naugarduko_vaivadija" class="mw-disambig" title="Naugarduko vaivadija">Naugarduko</a> vaivadijų ir <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDemaitijos_seni%C5%ABnija" title="Žemaitijos seniūnija">Žemaitijos seniūnijos</a> buvo sudarytos <a href="/wiki/Vilniaus_gubernija" title="Vilniaus gubernija">Vilniaus gubernija</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Slanimo_gubernija" title="Slanimo gubernija">Slanimo gubernija</a>. <a href="/wiki/1797" class="mw-redirect" title="1797">1797</a> m. jos sujungtos į <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_gubernija" title="Lietuvos gubernija">Lietuvos guberniją</a> (centras – <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>). <a href="/wiki/1801" class="mw-redirect" title="1801">1801</a> m. ši gubernija padalinta į <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_Vilniaus_gubernija" class="mw-redirect" title="Lietuvos Vilniaus gubernija">Lietuvos Vilniaus guberniją</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_Gardino_gubernija" class="mw-redirect" title="Lietuvos Gardino gubernija">Lietuvos Gardino guberniją</a> (po <a href="/wiki/1831" class="mw-redirect" title="1831">1831</a> m. oficialiai, o po <a href="/wiki/1840" class="mw-redirect" title="1840">1840</a> m. ir faktiškai nebevandintos Lietuvos gubernijomis). Į <a href="/wiki/1795" class="mw-redirect" title="1795">1795</a> m. sudaryta <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1o_gubernija" title="Kuršo gubernija">Kuršo guberniją</a> įėjo <a href="/wiki/Palanga" title="Palanga">Palanga</a> ir <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ventoji_(Palanga)" title="Šventoji (Palanga)">Šventoji</a>. <a href="/wiki/1843" class="mw-redirect" title="1843">1843</a> m. sudaryta <a href="/wiki/Kauno_gubernija" title="Kauno gubernija">Kauno gubernija</a>, <a href="/wiki/1837" class="mw-redirect" title="1837">1837</a> m. – <a href="/wiki/Augustavo_gubernija" title="Augustavo gubernija">Augustavo gubernija</a>, kuri <a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a> m. padalinta į <a href="/wiki/Suvalk%C5%B3_gubernija" title="Suvalkų gubernija">Suvalkų</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Lom%C5%BEos_gubernija" title="Lomžos gubernija">Lomžos</a> gubernijas.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guberniją valdė caro vyriausybės skiriamas gubernatorius. Jis vadovavo gubernijos valdybai, policijai, tvarkė finansinius reikalus, aprūpindavo karines įgulas, buvo vyriausiasis gubernijos civilinis viršininkas. <a href="/wiki/1915" class="mw-redirect" title="1915">1915</a> m. vokiečių valdžia gubernijas panaikino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomijų_gubernijos"><span id="Ekonomij.C5.B3_gubernijos"></span>Ekonomijų gubernijos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Ekonomijų gubernijos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ekonomijų gubernijos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1768" class="mw-redirect" title="1768">1768</a> m. <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Tyzenhauzas" title="Antanas Tyzenhauzas">Antanas Tyzenhauzas</a> į gubernijas ir raktus padalijo <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_ekonomija" title="Šiaulių ekonomija">Šiaulių</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Gardino_ekonomija" title="Gardino ekonomija">Gardino</a> ekonomijas. Iki XVIII a. vidurio ekonomijos buvo suskirstytos į raktus (arba <a href="/wiki/Vaityst%C4%97" title="Vaitystė">vaitystes</a>), palivarkus, miestus, miestelius ir kaimus. Nuo XVIII a. 2-osios pusės keletas raktų (6–11) sudarė guberniją. <a href="/wiki/1783" class="mw-redirect" title="1783">1783</a> m. buvo šios gubernijos <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brastos-Kobrino_ekonomija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brastos-Kobrino ekonomija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Brastos-Kobrino ekonomija</a> – 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardino_ekonomija" title="Gardino ekonomija">Gardino ekonomija</a> – 6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alytaus_ekonomija" title="Alytaus ekonomija">Alytaus ekonomija</a> – 3: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alytaus_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alytaus gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Alytaus gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartnink%C5%B3_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartninkų gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Bartninkų gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C4%8Debros_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ščebros gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Ščebros gubernija</a> (dabartinė <a href="/wiki/Lenkija" title="Lenkija">Lenkija</a>, netoli <a href="/wiki/Augustavas" title="Augustavas">Augustavo</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_ekonomija" title="Šiaulių ekonomija">Šiaulių ekonomija</a> – 3: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruzd%C5%BEi%C5%B3_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gruzdžių gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Gruzdžių gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joni%C5%A1kio_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joniškio gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Joniškio gubernija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDagar%C4%97s_gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Žagarės gubernija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Žagarės gubernija</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuorodos">Nuorodos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Nuorodos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Nuorodos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusijos_imperijos_gubernijos" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusijos imperijos gubernijos">Rusijos imperijos gubernijos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/061/61134.htm">Lietuvos generalgubernija</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Šaltiniai"><span id=".C5.A0altiniai"></span>Šaltiniai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Šaltiniai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Šaltiniai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gubernija</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taryb%C5%B3_Lietuvos_enciklopedija" title="Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija">Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija</a>, T. 2 (Grūdas-Marvelės).&#160;– Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gubernija</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taryb%C5%B3_Lietuvos_enciklopedija" title="Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija">Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija</a>, T. 2 (Grūdas-Marvelės).&#160;– Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1986.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7fb689569d‐t58s4 Cached time: 20241114145618 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.056 seconds Real time usage: 0.292 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 247/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 912/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 119/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 835/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 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